CN114486529A - Rock sample deformation measuring device and method - Google Patents
Rock sample deformation measuring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N3/066—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with electrical indicating or recording means
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
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- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rock sample deformation measuring device and method, and belongs to the technical field of rock fracture testing. The measuring device comprises a load applying module and a radial and axial displacement monitoring module, wherein a rock sample is positioned in the center of the device, the load applying module comprises a top rigid pressing block, a bottom rigid pressing block, a rigid gasket, a positioning threaded rod and a triaxial electrohydraulic servo testing machine, and the radial and axial displacement monitoring module comprises a half crescent rotating device, a half crescent rotating device mounting seat, a radial and axial displacement device and an outer ring device; the measuring method comprises the following steps: radial and axial displacements generated by the rock sample in the deformation process are respectively converted into current signals on an arc-shaped resistance card of a mounting seat of the semi-crescent rotary device, a resistance card I of the radial and axial displacement device and a resistance card II of an outer ring device through the radial and axial displacement monitoring module, and then the radial and axial displacements of the rock sample are deduced. The method has wide applicability and high precision, and can accurately measure the deformation of both the cylindrical sample and the cuboid sample.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock fracture testing, in particular to a rock sample deformation measuring device and method.
Background
In recent years, with the development of scientific technology, the excavation depth and length of underground engineering are increasing, and thus the engineering problems are increasing. Among them, the destruction of surrounding rocks is one of the major engineering problems. Therefore, when underground engineering is excavated, it is very important to fully know the physical properties and mechanical properties of the rock. The method for exploring the rock related property mainly comprises an in-situ test and a laboratory test, wherein the in-situ test can more accurately obtain the parameters of the rock related property, but the in-situ test is too large in investment and too time-consuming, so that the method is suitable for some major projects with high precision requirements, the laboratory test is not as accurate as the in-situ test, but the obtained parameters can meet the requirements of many projects, and particularly the advantages of small laboratory test investment and short time consumption make the method widely used. At present, uniaxial compression tests, common triaxial compression tests and true triaxial compression tests are mainly adopted in laboratories to detect relevant properties of rocks, wherein the uniaxial compression tests and the common triaxial compression tests are low in investment, and obtained results can meet requirements and are emphatically used.
The uniaxial compression test and the common triaxial compression test mainly use an electro-hydraulic servo rock triaxial pressure tester, and the obtained parameters mainly comprise force, axial displacement and radial displacement. Thus, the criterion for evaluating whether the rock-related property is correct is whether the resulting force and displacement data are accurate. At present, the detection of forces is not much of a problem, but the detection of displacements still needs to be improved. For the displacement detection, the collection of the overall radial displacement of the rock sample is mainly used at present, and the situation that the radial displacement of the rock sample is different in different directions is ignored. If the rock is regarded as a homogeneous material and the radial displacement of the homogeneous material is measured in an isotropic manner, the obtained poisson ratio is far away from that of the rock, and the error of the rock related property estimated from the obtained poisson ratio is large, so that the guiding significance of engineering is weakened successively, and certain loss may be caused by engineering accidents. The axial displacement of the rock sample is mainly linear displacement without multi-azimuth change, so the current detection precision is still applicable. The existing axial displacement meter and the radial displacement meter have the problems of complex installation, single radial displacement measurement, non-uniform integral structure, higher limitation on the size and type of a sample, difficulty in fault maintenance of equipment and the like. Therefore, a new technology is developed, and the axial displacement and the radial displacement are measured integrally; multi-azimuth radial displacement measurement can be realized; and the method can accurately and efficiently measure the relevant property parameters of various rock samples, and has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rock sample deformation measuring device and method, which can integrate axial displacement measurement and radial displacement measurement, realize multi-azimuth radial displacement measurement, meet the requirements of different types and sizes of samples for experiments, and have the advantages of simple installation and maintenance and accurate obtained result.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention solves the problems by the following technical scheme:
a rock sample deformation measuring device comprises a load applying module and a radial and axial displacement monitoring module, wherein a rock sample is positioned in the center of the whole device,
the load applying module comprises a top rigid pressing block, a bottom rigid pressing block, a rigid gasket, a positioning threaded rod and a three-axis electro-hydraulic servo testing machine; the axial pressure provided by the triaxial electrohydraulic servo testing machine directly acts on the top rigid pressing block and the bottom rigid pressing block;
the radial and axial displacement monitoring modules are four and are annularly and symmetrically distributed around the rock sample, and each radial and axial displacement monitoring module comprises a crescent half rotating device, a crescent half rotating device mounting seat, a radial and axial displacement device and an outer ring device;
half crescent rotating device includes half crescent rigidity body, half crescent rigidity body is the halfcylinder form, half crescent rigidity body top is close to rectangle face one side and is equipped with the transverse orientation through-hole, half crescent rigidity body's arcwall face middle part is equipped with T shape rigidity insulation slide rail, T shape rigidity insulation slide rail central authorities are equipped with sliding contact I, half crescent rigidity body top central authorities are equipped with signal acquisition mechanism I.
Half crescent rotary device mount pad includes the mount pad body, the mount pad body is the halfcylinder form, the inboard rectangular surface symmetry of mount pad body is equipped with two installation cavity I of installing half crescent rotary device, I middle part of installation cavity is equipped with half crescent T shape slip recess, half crescent T shape slip recess surface is equipped with the arc resistance card, mount pad body top is equipped with signal acquisition mechanism II, mount pad body dorsal face through axial sliding mechanism with radial axial displacement device connects.
The radial and axial displacement device comprises a displacement device body, the displacement device body is provided with an installation cavity II for installing a semi-crescent rotation device installation seat, the back side surface of the displacement device body is provided with a positioning bolt which can penetrate through the displacement device body and extend into the installation cavity II, and installation bayonets are symmetrically arranged on two side surfaces of the displacement device body;
the outer ring device comprises an outer ring device body, the outer ring device body is provided with an installation cavity III for installing the radial and axial displacement device, a positioning thread through hole II is formed in the periphery of the outer ring device body, a clamping block is arranged on one side of the outer ring device body, a clamping block groove is formed in the symmetrical position of the other side of the outer ring device body, a signal acquisition mechanism III is arranged at the top of the outer ring device body, radial sliding mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on the two opposite side faces of the installation cavity III, and the outer ring device is connected with the radial and axial displacement device through the radial sliding mechanisms.
Further, the top rigid pressing block comprises a rigid bearing column I, a fixed disc I is connected to the periphery of the rigid bearing column I, four positioning threaded through holes I are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the fixed disc I, and a level I is arranged on the upper surface of the fixed disc I; the bottom rigid pressing block is similar to the top rigid pressing block in structure and comprises a rigid bearing column II, a fixed disc II, a positioning smooth circular through hole and a level II; the shape of the rigid gasket is matched with that of the rock sample, and the cross sections of the rigid gasket are the same; the centers of opposite surfaces of the rigid bearing column I and the rigid bearing column II are respectively provided with a threaded hole I and a threaded hole II which are the same; and a threaded column is arranged in the center of the rigid gasket and is respectively matched with the threaded hole I and the threaded hole II.
Further, the axial sliding mechanism includes the axial slip recess, the surface of axial slip recess is equipped with resistance card I, axial slip recess inner chamber bottom threaded connection axial screw post, axial screw post periphery cover is equipped with the axial spring, the axial spring top is connected with baffle I that runs through the axial screw post, the axial slider that runs through the axial screw post is accepted to I top of baffle, the axial slider top blocks through the anticreep nut I with axial screw post top threaded connection, the axial slider outside is equipped with the screw hole, axial slider inboard central authorities are equipped with sliding contact piece II.
Further, radial sliding mechanism includes the radial sliding groove, radial sliding groove surface is equipped with resistance card II, radial sliding groove inner chamber bottom threaded connection radial thread post, radial thread post periphery cover is equipped with radial spring, radial spring top is connected with baffle II that runs through radial thread post, radial slider that runs through radial thread post is accepted to II tops of baffle, radial slider both ends are equipped with positioning screw hole, radial slider top blocks through the anticreep nut II with radial thread post top end threaded connection, the radial slider outside is equipped with the joint head, radial slider inboard central authorities are equipped with sliding contact piece III, the outer loop device body is equipped with the screw hole III of intercommunication radial sliding groove, screw hole III is located radial threaded rod one side and is parallel with radial threaded rod.
Furthermore, two positioning threaded rods are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the rock sample, and the positioning threaded rods are respectively matched with the positioning threaded through hole I of the top rigid pressing block, the positioning threaded through hole II of the outer ring device and the positioning smooth circular through hole of the bottom rigid pressing block.
Further, the lengths of the axial threaded column and the radial threaded column are not greater than the lengths of the axial spring and the radial spring respectively.
Furthermore, the signal acquisition mechanism I, the signal acquisition mechanism II and the signal acquisition mechanism III are respectively provided with a power supply, positive and negative terminal connections, a processor and a memory; the signal acquisition mechanism I can be respectively and electrically connected with the sliding contact piece I and the arc-shaped resistance piece through a lead I and a lead II to form a closed loop; the signal acquisition mechanism II can be respectively and electrically connected with the resistance card I and the sliding contact card II through a lead III and a lead IV to form a closed loop; the signal acquisition mechanism III can be respectively and electrically connected with the resistance chip II and the sliding contact chip III through a conducting wire V and a conducting wire VI to form a closed loop.
Further, the shape of the rock sample is a cylinder or a cuboid; when the shape of the rock sample is a cuboid: two half crescent rotary devices arranged in the half crescent rotary device mounting seats are provided with a fixed rod, the fixed rod penetrates through transverse positioning through holes of the two half crescent rotary devices, two ends of the fixed rod are fixed through anti-falling screw caps III, and the signal acquisition mechanism I is closed; when the rock sample is cylindrical in shape: and the threaded holes III on the two sides of the outer ring device are both provided with a positioning screw rod, the positioning screw rods penetrate through the threaded holes III to be in threaded connection with the positioning threaded holes at one end of the radial sliding blocks, and the signal acquisition mechanisms III are closed.
The invention discloses a radial eight-direction deformation measuring method for a rock sample, which comprises the following steps when the measuring device is applied to measure a cylindrical rock sample:
s1, horizontally placing the bottom rigid pressing block on an assembly table, and then sequentially placing a rigid gasket, a rock sample, a rigid gasket and a top rigid pressing block on a rigid bearing column II of the bottom rigid pressing block;
s2, assembling the crescent moon rotating device, the crescent moon rotating device mounting seat, the radial and axial displacement device and the outer ring device, wherein the assembled whole is that the radial and axial displacement monitoring module is in a ring shape, and the rock sample is positioned at the center of the ring;
s3, after the radial and axial displacement monitoring module is assembled, adjusting the height of the radial and axial displacement monitoring module to the middle of a rock sample, and then sequentially enabling a positioning threaded rod to penetrate through a positioning threaded through hole I of the top rigid pressing block, a positioning threaded through hole II of the outer ring device and a smooth round through hole of the bottom rigid pressing block, so that the whole device is fixed;
s4, extruding top rigid pressing blocks and bottom rigid pressing blocks at two ends of a rock sample through a triaxial electrohydraulic servo testing machine to apply strain to the rock sample, and recording current I on an arc-shaped resistance chip and a resistance chip I through a signal acquisition mechanism I and a signal acquisition mechanism II respectivelyⅠAnd IⅡBy the formula
Calculating the radial displacement of the rock sample, wherein: r is radius of arc resistance sheet, UⅠFor the voltage, rho, of the signal-collecting mechanism I with its own power supplyⅠIs the resistivity of the arc-shaped resistor disc, SⅠIs the cross-sectional area of the arc-shaped resistor disc, IⅠ1Is an initial current on an arc-shaped resistor sheet, IⅠ2The current on the arc-shaped resistance card when the rock sample deforms; using formulas
Calculating the axial displacement of the rock sample, wherein: u shapeⅡVoltage, rho, of the signal acquisition unit II with its own power supplyⅡIs the resistivity of the resistive chip I, SⅡIs the cross-sectional area of the resistor IⅡ1Is the initial current on the resistance chip I, IⅡ2The current on the resistance chip I when the rock sample deforms is obtained.
The invention discloses a radial eight-direction deformation measuring method for a rock sample, which comprises the following steps when the measuring device is applied to measure a cuboid rock sample:
s1, horizontally placing the bottom rigid pressing block on an assembly table, and then sequentially placing a rigid gasket, a rock sample, a rigid gasket and a top rigid pressing block on a rigid bearing column II of the bottom rigid pressing block;
s2, assembling the crescent moon rotating device, the crescent moon rotating device mounting seat, the radial and axial displacement device and the outer ring device, wherein the assembled whole is that the radial and axial displacement monitoring module is in a ring shape, and the rock sample is positioned at the center of the ring;
s3, after the radial and axial displacement monitoring module is assembled, adjusting the height of the radial and axial displacement monitoring module to the middle of a rock sample, and then sequentially enabling a positioning threaded rod to penetrate through a positioning threaded through hole I of the top rigid pressing block, a positioning threaded through hole II of the outer ring device and a smooth round through hole of the bottom rigid pressing block, so that the whole device is fixed;
s4, extruding top rigid pressing blocks and bottom rigid pressing blocks at two ends of a rock sample through a triaxial electrohydraulic servo testing machine to apply strain to the rock sample, and recording currents I of a resistance chip I and an upper resistance chip II through a signal acquisition mechanism II and a signal acquisition mechanism III respectivelyⅡAnd IⅢUsing the formula
Calculating the axial displacement of the rock sample, wherein: u shapeⅡVoltage, rho, of the signal acquisition unit II with its own power supplyⅡIs the resistivity of the resistive chip I, SⅡIs the cross-sectional area of the resistor IⅡ1Is the initial current on the resistance chip I, IⅡ2The current on the resistance chip I when the rock sample deforms is obtained; using formulas
Calculating the radial displacement of the rock sample, wherein: u shapeⅢVoltage, rho, of the signal-collecting means III, with its own power supplyⅢIs the resistivity of the resistive chip II, SⅢIs the cross-sectional area of the resistor disc II, IⅢ1Is the initial current on the resistance chip II, IⅢ2The current on the resistance chip II when the rock sample deforms is obtained.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. this measuring device simple structure, the equipment is convenient, only through an overall structure of radial axial displacement monitoring module, can measure the radial deformation and the axial deformation of rock sample simultaneously, and measurement efficiency is high and measuring result is accurate. The radial and axial displacement monitoring module for measuring radial deformation and axial deformation is an integral structure assembled by the half-moon-tooth rotating device, the half-moon-tooth rotating device mounting seat, the radial and axial displacement device and the outer ring device, the radial and axial displacement monitoring module can be stably fixed only by the positioning threaded column in the measuring process, the whole measuring device is simple in structure and convenient to assemble, and the stability is high, so that the accuracy of a measuring result can be guaranteed.
2. The device can measure the radial deformation and the axial deformation of the cylindrical rock sample, can also measure the radial deformation and the axial deformation of the cuboid rock sample, and has the advantage of wide application range. When the radial deformation and the axial deformation of the rock samples with two shapes of the cylinder and the cuboid are measured, the radial and axial displacement monitoring module which is assembled by the half crescent rotating device, the half crescent rotating device mounting seat, the radial and axial displacement device and the outer ring device is used for completing the measurement, and the radial and axial displacement monitoring module is only required to be subjected to local fine adjustment during the measurement. Specifically, when the shape of the rock sample is a cuboid, the rock sample is fixed only by penetrating through the transverse positioning through holes of the two half crescent rotary devices in the half crescent rotary device mounting seats by using a fixed rod, and closing the signal acquisition mechanism I; when the shape of the rock sample is a cylinder, the positioning screw rod is only required to extend into the threaded holes III on the two sides of the outer ring device, the positioning screw rod is in threaded connection with the positioning threaded hole at one end of the radial sliding block to fix the outer ring device, and the signal acquisition mechanism III is closed.
3. The invention has four radial and axial displacement monitoring modules, can measure the deformation data of the rock sample from four different directions, and has small error of the measuring result and high accuracy.
4. The real-time radial deformation and axial deformation of the rock sample can be deduced only by monitoring the current signal, and because the monitored variables are few, the error of the measurement result is small, and the accuracy is high. In particular, when measuring cylindrical rock samples, respectivelyThe signal acquisition mechanism I and the signal acquisition mechanism II record the current I on the arc-shaped resistance card and the resistance card IⅠAnd IⅡUsing the formula
Calculating the radial displacement of the rock sample, wherein: r is radius of arc resistance sheet, UⅠFor the voltage, rho, of the signal-collecting mechanism I with its own power supplyⅠIs the resistivity of the arc-shaped resistor disc, SⅠIs the cross-sectional area of the arc-shaped resistor disc, IⅠ1Is the initial current on the arc-shaped resistor sheet, IⅠ2The current on the arc-shaped resistance card when the rock sample deforms; using formulas
Calculating the axial displacement of the rock sample, wherein: u shapeⅡVoltage, rho, of the signal acquisition unit II with its own power supplyⅡIs the resistivity of the resistive chip I, SⅡIs the cross-sectional area of the resistor IⅡ1Is the initial current on the resistance chip I, IⅡ2The current on the resistance chip I when the rock sample deforms is obtained; when measuring the cuboid rock sample, recording the current I of the resistance chip I and the current I of the upper resistance chip II through the signal acquisition mechanism II and the signal acquisition mechanism III respectivelyⅡAnd IⅢUsing the formula
Calculating the axial displacement of the rock sample, wherein: u shapeⅡVoltage, rho, of the signal acquisition unit II with its own power supplyⅡIs the resistivity, S, of the resistance card IⅡIs the cross-sectional area of the resistor IⅡ1Is the initial current on the resistance chip I, IⅡ2The current on the resistance chip I when the rock sample deforms is obtained; using formulas
The radial displacement of the rock sample is calculated,in the formula: u shapeⅢVoltage, rho, of the signal-collecting means III, with its own power supplyⅢIs the resistivity of the resistive chip II, SⅢIs the cross-sectional area of the resistor disc II, IⅢ1Is the initial current on the resistance chip II, IⅢ2The current on the resistance chip II when the rock sample deforms is obtained.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention to the right. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention when measuring a cylindrical rock sample;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention when measuring a cuboid rock sample;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a top rigid compact of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a bottom rigid compact of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a rigid gasket construction of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the half-moon teeth rotating device according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the entire structure of the half-moon teeth rotating device of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a rectangular surface of a mounting seat of the half-crescent rotary device of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of the arc-shaped surface of the mounting seat of the half-crescent rotary device of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a partial structure of an axial sliding groove of a half crescent rotary device mounting seat according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of an axial slider of the semi-crescent rotary device mounting seat of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of a portion of the structure of the mounting base of the half-crescent rotary device of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a partial structure of a crescent moon teeth rotating device and a crescent moon teeth rotating device mounting seat after being assembled when a cylindrical rock sample is measured according to the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a radial/axial displacement apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the outer ring device of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the outer ring device at the position of the radial sliding mechanism when measuring a cylindrical rock sample according to the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a partial structural view of a radial sliding groove of the radial sliding mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a schematic view of a radial slider configuration of the radial slide mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a schematic view of a partial structure of an outer ring device for measuring a cylindrical rock sample according to the present invention;
FIG. 20 is a partial structural view of the radial sliding mechanism of the outer ring device according to the present invention;
FIG. 21 is a schematic structural diagram of a radial-axial displacement monitoring module assembled by a crescent tooth rotating device, a crescent tooth rotating device mounting seat, a radial-axial displacement device and an outer ring device when a cylindrical rock sample is measured according to the invention;
fig. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of a radial and axial displacement monitoring module assembled by a crescent tooth rotating device, a crescent tooth rotating device mounting seat, a radial and axial displacement device and an outer ring device when measuring a cuboid rock sample.
In the figure: 1. a rock sample; 2. top rigid pressing blocks; 21. a rigid pressure bearing column I; 22. fixing a disc I; 23. positioning a threaded through hole I; 24. a level I; 25. a threaded hole I; 3. bottom rigid pressing blocks; 31. a rigid bearing column II; 32. fixing a disc II; 33. a smooth circular through hole; 34. a level II; 35. a threaded hole II; 4. a rigid gasket; 41. a threaded post; 5. positioning a threaded rod; 6. a half crescent rotary device; 61. a semi-crescent rigid body; 62. a transverse positioning through hole; 63. a T-shaped rigid insulated slide rail; 64. a sliding contact piece I; 65. a signal acquisition mechanism I; 66. a lead I; 67. fixing the rod; 7. a half crescent rotating device mounting base; 71. a mounting base body; 72. a mounting cavity I; 73. a half crescent T-shaped sliding groove; 74. arc-shaped resistance cards; 75. a lead II; 76. a signal acquisition mechanism II; 77. an axial sliding mechanism; 771. an axial sliding groove; 772. a resistance card I; 773. a wire III; 774. an axial threaded post; 775. an axial spring; 776. a baffle plate; 777. an axial slide block; 7771. a threaded hole; 7772. a sliding contact piece II; 778. an anti-falling nut I; 78. a lead IV; 8. a radial axial displacement device; 81. a displacement device body; 82. a mounting cavity II; 83. positioning the bolt; 84. installing a bayonet; 9. an outer ring arrangement; 91. an outer ring device body; 92. a mounting cavity III; 93. positioning a threaded through hole II; 94. a clamping block; 95. a block slot; 96. a signal acquisition mechanism III; 97. a radial sliding mechanism; 971. a radial sliding groove; 972. a resistance chip II; 973. a radial threaded post; 974. a radial spring; 975. a baffle II; 976. a radial slider; 9761. a clamping head; 9762. a sliding contact piece III; 9763. positioning the threaded hole; 977. an anti-drop nut II; 98. a conductor V; 99. a wire VI; 910. a threaded hole III; 911. and (5) positioning the screw rod.
It should be noted that the drawings and the description are not intended to limit the scope of the inventive concept in any way, but to illustrate it by a person skilled in the art with reference to specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and the following embodiments are used for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1-22, a rock sample deformation measuring device comprises a load application module and a radial and axial displacement monitoring module, wherein a rock sample 1 is positioned in the center of the whole device,
the load application module comprises a top rigid pressing block 2, a bottom rigid pressing block 3, a rigid gasket 4, a positioning threaded rod 5 and a three-axis electro-hydraulic servo testing machine; the top rigid pressing block 2 comprises a rigid bearing column I21, a fixed disc I22 is connected to the periphery of the rigid bearing column I21, four positioning threaded through holes I23 are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the fixed disc I22, a level I24 is arranged on the upper surface of the fixed disc I22, and the rigid bearing column I21 and the fixed disc I22 can be conveniently adjusted to be horizontal by the level I24; the bottom rigid pressing block 3 comprises a rigid bearing column II 31, a fixed disc II 32 is connected to the periphery of the rigid bearing column II 31, four positioning smooth circular through holes 33 are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the fixed disc II 32, a level II 34 is arranged on the upper surface of the fixed disc II 32, and the rigid bearing column II 31 and the fixed disc II 32 can be conveniently adjusted to be horizontal by the level II 34; axial pressure provided by the triaxial electro-hydraulic servo testing machine directly acts on the rigid bearing column I21 of the top rigid pressing block 2 and the rigid bearing column II 31 of the bottom rigid pressing block 3;
the number of the radial and axial displacement monitoring modules is four, and the radial and axial displacement monitoring modules are annularly and symmetrically distributed around the rock sample 1; the radial and axial displacement monitoring module comprises a half-moon tooth rotating device 6, a half-moon tooth rotating device mounting seat 7, a radial and axial displacement device 8 and an outer ring device 9; the assembly process of each part of the radial and axial displacement monitoring module is as follows: firstly, two half crescent rotating devices 6 are installed on a half crescent rotating device installation seat 7, then the two half crescent rotating devices 6 and the half crescent rotating device installation seat 7 are integrally installed on a radial axial displacement device 8, and finally the two half crescent rotating devices 6, the half crescent rotating device installation seat 7 and the radial axial displacement device 8 are integrally installed on an outer ring device 9. After each part is assembled, the outer ring devices 9 of the four radial and axial displacement monitoring modules are spliced to be assembled into a circular ring.
Half crescent rotary device 6 includes half crescent rigid body 61, half crescent rigid body 61 is the halfcylinder form, half crescent rigid body 61 top is leaned on rectangle face one side and is equipped with transverse positioning through hole 62, half crescent rigid body 61's arcwall face middle part is equipped with T shape rigidity insulation slide rail 63, T shape rigidity insulation slide rail 63 central authorities are equipped with sliding contact piece I64, half crescent rigid body 61 top central authorities are equipped with signal acquisition mechanism I65, be connected through I66 electricity of wire between signal acquisition mechanism I65 and the sliding contact piece I64.
Half crescent rotary device mount pad 7 includes mount pad body 71, mount pad body 71 is the halfcylinder form, the inboard rectangle face symmetry of mount pad body 71 is equipped with two installation cavity I72 of installing half crescent rotary device 6, installation cavity I72 middle part is equipped with half crescent T shape slip recess 73, half crescent T shape slip recess 73 surface is equipped with arc resistance card 74, the end passes through II 75 connection signal acquisition mechanism I65 of wire in the arc resistance card 74, when half crescent rotary device mount pad 7 is installed to half crescent rotary device 6: the T-shaped rigid insulation slide rail 63 of the half crescent rotating device 6 is embedded into a half crescent T-shaped slide groove 73 in the middle of the installation cavity I72 of the half crescent rotating device installation seat 7, and when the half crescent rotating device 6 rotates in the installation cavity I72, a sliding contact sheet I64 in the center of the T-shaped rigid insulation slide rail 63 is always in contact with an arc-shaped resistance sheet 74 on the surface of the half crescent T-shaped slide groove 73. The signal acquisition mechanism I65, the lead I66, the sliding contact piece I64, the arc-shaped resistance piece 74 and the lead II 75 can form a closed loop; the top of the mounting seat body 71 is provided with a signal acquisition mechanism II 76, the arc-shaped surface of the back side of the mounting seat body 71 is provided with an axial sliding mechanism 77, the axial sliding mechanism 77 comprises an axial sliding groove 771, the surface of the axial sliding groove 771 is provided with a resistance chip I772, the top end of the resistance chip I772 is connected with the signal acquisition mechanism II 76 through a lead III 773, the bottom of the cavity of the axial sliding groove 771 is in threaded connection with an axial threaded column 774, the periphery of the axial threaded column 774 is sleeved with an axial spring 775, the top end of the axial spring 775 is connected with a baffle I776 penetrating through the axial threaded column 774, an axial slider 777 penetrating through the axial threaded column 774 is received above the baffle I776, an anti-falling nut I778 in threaded connection with the top end of the axial threaded column 774 is blocked above the axial slider 777, the outer side of the axial slider 7771 is provided with a threaded hole 7771, the center of the inner side of the axial slider 777 is provided with a sliding contact II 7772, and the sliding contact II 7772 is electrically connected with the signal acquisition mechanism II 76 through a lead IV 78; the signal acquisition mechanism II 76, the lead IV 78, the sliding contact piece II 7772, the resistance piece I772 and the lead III 773 can form a closed loop. The assembly process of the axial slide mechanism 77 is as follows: firstly, the thread teeth at the bottom end of the axial thread column 774 are screwed into the thread holes at the bottom of the inner cavity of the axial sliding groove 771, then the connecting bodies of the axial spring 775 and the baffle I776 and the axial slider 777 pass through the axial thread column 774 in sequence, finally the anti-dropping screw cap I778 is connected to the thread teeth at the top end of the axial thread column 774 in a threaded mode and is blocked by the axial slider 777 to prevent the axial slider 777 from dropping off from the axial thread column 774, at the moment, the spring 775 is in a compressed state, and the axial slider 777 is tightly attached to the anti-dropping screw cap I778 under the elastic force of the axial spring 775.
The radial and axial displacement device 8 comprises a displacement device body 81, the displacement device body 81 is provided with a mounting cavity II 82 for mounting the semi-crescent rotation device mounting seat 7, the back side surface of the displacement device body 81 is provided with a positioning bolt 83 which can penetrate through the displacement device body 81 and extend into the mounting cavity II 82, and two side surfaces of the displacement device body 81 are symmetrically provided with mounting bayonets 84; when semi-crescent rotary device mount pad 7 is installed to radial axial displacement device 8's installation cavity II 82: the semilunar teeth rotating device mounting seat 7 is placed into the mounting cavity II 82, and then the positioning bolt 83 is screwed into the threaded hole 7771 on the outer side of the axial sliding block 777, so that the semilunar teeth rotating device mounting seat 7 can be connected with the radial and axial displacement device 8.
The outer ring device 9 comprises an outer ring device body 91, the outer ring device body 91 is provided with a mounting cavity III 92 for mounting the radial and axial displacement device 8, the periphery of the outer ring device body 91 is provided with a positioning threaded through hole II 93, one side surface of the outer ring device body 91 is provided with a clamping block 94, the other side surface of the outer ring device body 91 is symmetrically provided with a clamping block groove 95, the top of the outer ring device body 91 is provided with a signal acquisition mechanism III 96, and two opposite side surfaces of the mounting cavity III 92 of the outer ring device body 91 are symmetrically provided with radial sliding mechanisms 97; the radial sliding mechanism 97 comprises a radial sliding groove 971, a resistance sheet II 972 is arranged on the surface of the radial sliding groove 971, the inner end part of the resistance sheet II 972 is connected with a signal acquisition mechanism III 96 through a lead V98, a radial threaded column 973 is in threaded connection with the bottom of an inner cavity of the radial sliding groove 971, a radial spring 974 is sleeved on the periphery of the radial threaded column 973, the top of the radial spring 974 is connected with a baffle II 975 penetrating through the radial threaded column 973, a radial sliding block 976 penetrating through a radial threaded rod 973 is received above the baffle II 975, a through hole for a positioning screw 911 to penetrate is formed in the baffle II 975, positioning threaded holes 9763 are formed in two ends of the radial sliding block 976, the upper part of the radial sliding block 976 is blocked by an anti-off nut II 977 in threaded connection with the top end of the radial threaded column 973, a clamping head 9761 is arranged on the outer side of the radial sliding block 976, a sliding contact piece III 9762 is arranged in the center of the inner side of the radial sliding block 976, and the sliding contact piece III 9762 is electrically connected with the signal acquisition mechanism 96 through a lead VI 99, the signal acquisition mechanism III 96, the lead VI 99, the sliding contact piece III 9762, the resistance piece II 972 and the lead V98 can form a closed loop; the ring device body 91 is provided with a threaded hole III 910 communicated with the radial sliding groove 971, and the threaded hole III 910 is positioned on one side of the radial threaded column 973 and is parallel to the radial threaded column 973. The radial axial displacement device 8 is mounted in the mounting cavity iii 92 of the outer ring device 9 as follows: the thread teeth at the bottom end of the radial thread column 973 are screwed into the thread holes at the bottom of the inner cavity of the radial sliding groove 971, and then the connecting bodies of the radial spring 974 and the baffle II 975 penetrate through the radial thread column 973; then, the bayonet joints 9761 of the two radial sliders 976 of the outer ring device 9 are placed into the mounting bayonets 84 on the two sides of the radial and axial displacement device 8, then the radial sliders 976 mounted on the two sides of the radial and axial displacement device 8 are inserted into the radial threaded posts 973 of the two radial sliding mechanisms 97 of the outer ring device body 91, then the anti-drop screw caps ii 977 are connected to the thread teeth on the top ends of the radial threaded posts 973 in a threaded manner to block the radial sliders 976 to prevent the radial sliders 973 from dropping off from the radial threaded posts 973, at this time, the radial and axial displacement device 8 is mounted in the mounting cavity iii 92 of the outer ring device 9, the radial springs 974 are in a compressed state, and the radial sliders 976 are tightly attached to the anti-drop screw caps ii 977 under the elastic force of the radial springs 974.
The shape of the rock sample 1 is a cylinder or a cuboid; the measuring device can measure the radial deformation and the axial deformation of a cylindrical rock sample and a cuboid rock sample. The shape of the rigid gasket 4 is matched with that of the rock sample 1, the cross section of the rigid gasket is the same, and when the rock sample 1 is a cylindrical rock sample, the cylindrical rigid gasket 4 with the same cross section as that of the rock sample is selected; when the rock sample 1 is a rectangular parallelepiped rock sample, a rectangular parallelepiped rigid spacer 4 having the same cross section is selected. The centers of opposite surfaces of the rigid bearing column I21 and the rigid bearing column II 31 are respectively provided with a threaded hole I25 and a threaded hole II 35 which are the same; a threaded column 41 is arranged in the center of the rigid gasket 4, and the threaded column 41 is respectively matched with the threaded hole I25 and the threaded hole II 35; the threaded column 41 is in threaded connection with the threaded hole I25 and the threaded hole II 35, so that the rigid gasket 4 can be tightly and stably attached to the rigid bearing column I21 and the rigid bearing column II 31, the rigid gasket 4 cannot slide between the rigid bearing column I21 and the rigid bearing column II 31 in the test process, and the accuracy of a measuring result is guaranteed. The radial and axial displacement monitoring modules are four and are distributed around the rock sample 1 in an annular symmetrical mode, and each radial and axial displacement monitoring module comprises a half-moon-tooth rotating device 6, a half-moon-tooth rotating device mounting base 7, a radial and axial displacement device 8 and an outer ring device 9. When the outer ring devices 9 of the radial and axial displacement monitoring module are assembled, two outer ring devices are assembled, and the clamping block 94 on the side surface of one outer ring device 9 is inserted into the clamping block groove 95 on the side surface of the other outer ring device 9, so that the two outer ring devices can be spliced; then, the four outer ring devices 9 can be spliced into a circular ring shape by splicing the whole of the two-to-two splicing according to the same method. The two positioning threaded rods 5 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the rock sample 1, and the positioning threaded rods 5 are respectively matched with a positioning threaded through hole I23 of the top rigid pressing block 2, a positioning threaded through hole II 93 of the outer ring device 9 and a positioning smooth circular through hole 33 of the bottom rigid pressing block 3; the positioning threaded rod 5 can sequentially penetrate through the positioning threaded through hole I23, the positioning smooth circular through hole 33 and the positioning threaded through hole II 93. The radial and axial displacement monitoring module can be assembled on the periphery of the rock sample 1 and then fixed by a positioning threaded rod 5 of a load applying module, and the concrete process is as follows: firstly, horizontally placing a bottom rigid pressing block 3 on an assembly table, and sequentially placing a rigid gasket 4, a rock sample 1, a rigid gasket 4 and a top rigid pressing block 2 on a rigid bearing column II 31 of the bottom rigid pressing block 3; then assembling a half crescent rotating device 6, a half crescent rotating device mounting seat 7, a radial and axial displacement device 8 and an outer ring device 9, wherein the whole assembly is that the radial and axial displacement monitoring module is in a ring shape, and a rock sample 1 is positioned in the center of the ring; after the radial and axial displacement monitoring module is assembled, the height of the radial and axial displacement monitoring module is adjusted to the middle of the rock sample 1; and then, the positioning threaded rod 5 sequentially passes through the positioning threaded through hole I23 of the top rigid pressing block 2, the positioning threaded through hole II 93 of the outer ring device 9 and the smooth round through hole 33 of the bottom rigid pressing block 3 and then is fixed by a nut I51, so that the whole device is fixed. The axial threaded column 774 and the radial threaded column 973 are round rods with thread teeth at two ends, and the lengths of the axial threaded column 774 and the opposite threaded column 973 are not more than the lengths of the axial spring 775 and the radial spring 974 respectively, so that after the axial sliding mechanism 77 and the radial sliding mechanism 97 are assembled, the axial spring 775 and the radial spring 974 are in a compressed state and can exert elastic force on the axial slider 777 and the radial slider 976 respectively, and the radial slider 976 can push the radial axial displacement device 8 and the half-moon-tooth rotating device mounting seat 7 to enable the half-moon-tooth rotating device 6 to be in close contact with the rock sample 1 under the elastic force effect.
The signal acquisition mechanism I65, the signal acquisition mechanism II 76 and the signal acquisition mechanism III 96 are respectively provided with a power supply, positive and negative terminal terminals, a processor and a memory; the self-contained power supply of the signal acquisition mechanism I65 can supply power to the arc-shaped resistance card 74, and the processor of the signal acquisition mechanism I65 can acquire an electric signal on the arc-shaped resistance card 74 and perform data processing, and then store data through the memory; the self-contained power supply of the signal acquisition mechanism II 76 can supply power to the resistance chip I772, the processor of the signal acquisition mechanism II 76 can acquire the electric signals on the resistance chip I772 and process the data, and then the data is stored through the memory; the self-contained power supply of the signal acquisition mechanism III 96 can supply power to the resistance chip II 972, and the processor of the signal acquisition mechanism III 96 can acquire an electric signal on the resistance chip II 972 and perform data processing, and then stores data through the memory.
When the rock sample 1 is in a cuboid shape: two half crescent rotary devices 6 arranged in the half crescent rotary device mounting seat 7 are provided with a fixing rod 67, the fixing rod 67 penetrates through the transverse positioning through holes 62 of the two half crescent rotary devices 6, two ends of the fixing rod are fixed through anti-falling screw caps III, and the signal acquisition mechanism I65 is closed; when the rock sample 1 is cylindrical in shape: the threaded holes III 910 on two sides of the outer ring device 9 are all provided with a positioning screw 911, the positioning screw 911 sequentially penetrates through the threaded holes III 910, the baffle II 975 and the positioning threaded hole 9763 at one end of the radial sliding block 976 to be in threaded connection, so that the radial sliding block 976 can be fixed through the positioning screw 911, and the signal acquisition mechanism III 96 is closed.
The method for measuring the cylindrical rock sample 1 by using the measuring device of the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, horizontally placing the bottom rigid pressing block 3 on an assembly table, and then sequentially placing a rigid gasket 4, a rock sample 1, a rigid gasket 4 and a top rigid pressing block 2 on a rigid bearing column II 31 of the bottom rigid pressing block 3;
s2, assembling the half crescent rotating device 6, the half crescent rotating device mounting base 7, the radial and axial displacement device 8 and the outer ring device 9, wherein the assembled whole is that the radial and axial displacement monitoring module is in a ring shape, and the rock sample 1 is positioned in the center of the ring;
s3, after the radial and axial displacement monitoring module is assembled, adjusting the height of the radial and axial displacement monitoring module to the middle of a rock sample 1, and then sequentially enabling the positioning threaded column 5 to penetrate through a positioning threaded through hole I23 of the top rigid pressing block 2, a positioning threaded through hole II 93 of the outer ring device 9 and a smooth round through hole 33 of the bottom rigid pressing block 3, so that the whole device is fixed;
s4, extruding top rigid pressing blocks 2 and bottom rigid pressing blocks 3 at two ends of a rock sample 1 through a triaxial electrohydraulic servo testing machine to apply strain to the rock sample 1, and recording currents I on arc-shaped resistance discs 74 and I772 through a signal acquisition mechanism I65 and a signal acquisition mechanism II 76 respectivelyⅠAnd IⅡUsing the formula
Calculating the radial displacement of the rock sample, wherein: r is the radius of the arc-shaped resistor disc 74, UⅠVoltage, rho, of a power supply of the signal acquisition mechanism I65ⅠIs the resistivity, S, of the arc-shaped resistive patch 74ⅠIs the cross-sectional area, I, of the arc-shaped resistive sheet 74Ⅰ1Is the initial current on the arc-shaped resistive sheet 74, IⅠ2Is the current on the arc-shaped resistance disc 74 when the rock sample 1 deforms; using formulas
Calculating the axial displacement of the rock sample, wherein: u shapeⅡVoltage, rho, of the power supply of the signal acquisition mechanism II 76ⅡResistivity of the resistive chip I772, SⅡThe cross-sectional area of the resistive chip I772, IⅡ1Is the initial current on the resistance chip I772, IⅡ2The current on the resistive chip i 772 when the rock sample 1 is deformed.
Wherein, formula for calculating radial displacement of rock sample
The derivation process of (1) is as follows:
when the radial deformation of the cylindrical rock sample 1 is measured, a closed loop can be formed by the signal acquisition mechanism I65, the lead I66, the sliding contact piece I64, the arc-shaped resistance piece 74 and the lead II 75; when the cylindrical rock sample 1 radially deforms under the action of pressure, the radial deformation of the cylindrical rock sample 1 is transmitted to the half-moon tooth rotating device 6 in tight contact with the cylindrical rock sample, the half-moon tooth rotating device 6 rotates in the half-moon tooth T-shaped sliding groove 73 in the middle of the installation cavity I72 of the half-moon tooth rotating device installation seat 7, when the half-moon tooth rotating device 6 rotates clockwise and rotates anticlockwise, the length of an access circuit of the arc-shaped resistance disc 74 can be changed, when the sliding contact disc I64 in the center of the T-shaped rigid insulation sliding rail 63 slides to different positions of the arc-shaped resistance disc 74 in the rotating process, the length of the access circuit of the arc-shaped resistance disc 74 is changed, and further the current I passing through the arc-shaped resistance disc 74 can be caused to changeⅠA change occurs;
assuming that when the cylindrical rock sample 1 is radially deformed, the rotating angle of the half-crescent rotating device 6 is n, and the sector area where the arc-shaped resistance card 74 corresponding to the rotating angle n is located is Sn; the Ln arc length is changed into Ln according to the area formula:
the arc length formula can be obtained by simultaneous formulas (1) and (2):
simultaneously according to the current I on the arc-shaped resistor disc 74ⅠVoltage UⅠResistivity rhoⅠLength Ln and cross section S of the same resistor discⅠThe relation of (A) is as follows:
the expressions of the rotation angle n can be obtained by simultaneous formulas (3) and (4):
the radial displacement epsilon expression can be obtained from trigonometric functions according to formula (5):
the following are monitored by a signal acquisition mechanism I65: initial current on initial state arc-shaped resistor disc 74 is IⅠ1Arc-shaped electricity when rock sample 1 is deformedThe current on the resistor 74 is IⅠ2(ii) a The radial deformation is then:
wherein: sn is the sector area of the arc-shaped resistance sheet 74 corresponding to the rotation angle n; ln is the arc length change corresponding to the rotation angle n; n is a rotation angle; epsilonxIs deformed in the radial direction; r is the radius of the arc-shaped resistor disc 74; u shapeⅠVoltage, rho, of a power supply of the signal acquisition mechanism I65ⅠIs the resistivity, S, of the arc-shaped resistive patch 74ⅠIs the cross-sectional area, I, of the arc-shaped resistive sheet 74Ⅰ1Is the initial current on the arc-shaped resistive sheet 74, IⅠ2Is the current on the arc-shaped resistive patch 74 when the rock sample 1 is deformed.
In conclusion, the formula for calculating the radial displacement of the rock sample can be deduced
Formula for calculating axial deformation of cylindrical rock sample
The derivation process of (1) is as follows:
when the axial deformation of the cylindrical rock sample 1 is measured, the signal acquisition mechanism II 76, the lead IV 78, the sliding contact piece II 7772, the resistance piece I772 and the lead III 773 can form a closed loop. When the cylindrical rock sample 1 is axially compressed and deformed under the action of pressure, because the positioning threaded rod 5 is respectively in threaded connection with the positioning threaded through hole I23 of the top rigid pressing block 2 and the positioning threaded through hole II 93 of the outer ring device 9, the whole structure formed by the positioning threaded rod 5, the top rigid pressing block 2 and the outer ring device 9 moves downwards, and the positioning threaded rod 5 can penetrate through the positioning smooth circular through hole 33 of the bottom rigid pressing block 3 during movement; because the outer ring device 9 and the radial and axial displacement device 8 are rigidly connected through the radial slide block 976 and the mounting bayonet 84, and cannot move relatively in the axial direction, the outer ring device 9 can drive the radial and axial displacement device 8 to move downwards; because the positioning bolt 83 of the radial and axial displacement device 8 is in threaded connection with the threaded hole 7771 on the outer side of the axial slider 777 of the half-crescent rotating device mounting base 7, the radial and axial displacement device 8 can drive the axial slider 777 to move downwards along the axial threaded column 774 when moving downwards, and when the sliding contact piece II 7772 of the axial slider 777 stays at different positions on the resistance piece I772, the length of the circuit connected to the resistance piece I772 can be changed; the absolute value of the change of the length of the connected circuit of the resistance chip I772 is the axial deformation of the rock sample 1.
According to the current I on the resistance chip I772ⅡVoltage UⅡResistivity ρ of resistive chip I772ⅡThe length Ln of the circuit connected with the resistance chip I772 and the cross section area S of the resistance chip I772ⅡThe relation of (A) is as follows:
the length of an access circuit of the initial state resistance chip I772 is L1The current on the corresponding resistance chip I772 is IⅡ1(ii) a The length of the resistor I772 connected into the circuit after the rock sample 1 deforms is L2The current on the corresponding resistance chip I772 is IⅡ2Axial deformation L of the rock sampleⅡNamely:
LⅡ＝|L1-L2| (9)
the calculation formula of the axial deformation can be deduced by simultaneous formulas (8) and (9):
wherein: l isⅡIs deformed in the radial direction; u shapeⅡVoltage, rho, of the power supply of the signal acquisition mechanism II 76ⅡResistivity of the resistive chip I772, SⅡThe cross-sectional area of the resistive chip I772, IⅡ1Is the initial current on the resistance chip I772, IⅡ2The current on the resistive chip i 772 when the rock sample 1 is deformed.
The method for measuring the cuboid rock sample 1 by using the measuring device of the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, horizontally placing the bottom rigid pressing block 3 on an assembly table, and then sequentially placing a rigid gasket 4, a rock sample 1, a rigid gasket 4 and a top rigid pressing block 2 on a rigid bearing column II 31 of the bottom rigid pressing block 3;
s2, assembling the half crescent rotating device 6, the half crescent rotating device mounting base 7, the radial and axial displacement device 8 and the outer ring device 9, wherein the assembled whole is that the radial and axial displacement monitoring module is in a ring shape, and the rock sample 1 is positioned in the center of the ring;
s3, after the radial and axial displacement monitoring module is assembled, adjusting the height of the radial and axial displacement monitoring module to the middle of a rock sample 1, and then sequentially enabling the positioning threaded rod 5 to penetrate through a positioning threaded through hole I23 of the top rigid pressing block 2, a positioning threaded through hole II 93 of the outer ring device 9 and a smooth round through hole 33 of the bottom rigid pressing block 3, so that the whole device is fixed;
s4, extruding top rigid pressing blocks 2 and bottom rigid pressing blocks 3 at two ends of a rock sample 1 through a triaxial electrohydraulic servo testing machine to apply strain to the rock sample 1, and recording currents I772 and I972 of a resistor disc I772 and an upper resistor disc II 972 through a signal acquisition mechanism II 76 and a signal acquisition mechanism III 96 respectivelyⅡAnd IⅢUsing the formula
Calculating the axial displacement of the rock sample, wherein: u shapeⅡVoltage, rho, of the power supply of the signal acquisition mechanism II 76ⅡResistivity of the resistive chip I772, SⅡThe cross-sectional area of the resistive chip I772, IⅡ1Is the initial current on the resistance chip I772, IⅡ2The current on the resistance chip I772 when the rock sample 1 deforms; using formulas
Calculating the radial displacement of the rock sample, wherein: u shapeⅢVoltage, rho, of a power supply of the signal acquisition unit III 96ⅢAs a resistor discII 972 resistivity, SⅢCross-sectional area of resistance chip II 972, IⅢ1Is the initial current on resistor II 972Ⅲ2The current on the resistance chip II 972 when the rock sample 1 deforms.
Wherein, formula for calculating radial displacement of rock sample
The derivation process of (1) is as follows:
when the radial deformation of the cuboid rock sample 1 is measured, the signal acquisition mechanism III 96, the lead VI 99, the sliding contact piece III 9762, the resistance piece II 972 and the lead V98 can form a closed loop. When measuring radial deformation: the fixing rod 67 penetrates through the transverse positioning through holes 62 of the two half crescent rotary devices 6, the two ends of the fixing rod are fixed by nuts II 671, and the signal acquisition mechanism I65 is closed, so that the two half crescent rotary devices 6 can be fixed, at the moment, the half crescent rotary device mounting seat 7 and the two half crescent rotary devices 6 mounted in the mounting cavity I72 form an integral structure, and the rectangular surface of the half crescent rotary device 6 is attached to the cuboid rock sample 1; meanwhile, because the positioning bolt 83 of the radial and axial displacement device 8 is in threaded connection with the threaded hole 7771 on the outer side of the axial sliding block 777 of the half-crescent rotating device mounting seat 7, relative movement between the radial and axial displacement device 8 and the half-crescent rotating device mounting seat 7 cannot occur in the radial direction; thus, radial deformation of the cuboid rock sample 1 can be transmitted to the radial and axial displacement device 8 through the integral structure of the half-moon tooth rotating device 6 and the half-moon tooth rotating device mounting seat 7 in sequence; because the outer ring device 9 and the radial and axial displacement device 8 are rigidly connected through the radial slide block 976 and the mounting bayonet 84, relative movement cannot occur in the axial direction, so that the radial movement of the radial and axial displacement device 8 can only be transmitted to the radial slide block 976; when the radial slider 976 moves along the radial threaded column 973 in the radial direction and the sliding contact piece III 9762 of the radial slider 976 stays at different positions on the resistance piece II 972, the length of the access circuit of the resistance piece II 972 changes; the absolute value of the change of the length of the access circuit of the resistance chip II 972 is the radial deformation of the cuboid rock sample 1.
According to the current I on the resistance chip II 972ⅢVoltage UⅢResistivity rho of resistive chip II 972ⅢThe length Ln of a circuit connected with the resistance chip II 972 and the cross section area S of the resistance chip II 972ⅢThe relation of (A) is as follows:
the length of an initial state resistor II 972 access circuit is L1The current on the corresponding resistance chip II 972 is IⅢ1(ii) a The length of the access circuit of the resistance chip II 972 after the rock sample 1 deforms is L2The current on the corresponding resistance chip II 972 is IⅢ2Radial deformation L of a cylindrical rock sampleⅢNamely:
LⅢ＝|L1-L2| (11)
the calculation formula of the axial deformation can be deduced by simultaneous formulas (10) and (11):
wherein: l isⅢFor radial deformation, UⅢVoltage, rho, of self-supply for signal-collecting mechanism III 96ⅢResistivity, S, of resistor II 972ⅢCross-sectional area of resistance chip II 972, IⅢ1Is the initial current on resistor II 972Ⅲ2The current on the resistance chip II 972 when the rock sample 1 deforms. .
Formula for calculating axial deformation of cuboid rock sample
The derivation process of (1) is as follows:
when the axial deformation of the cylindrical rock sample 1 is measured, the signal acquisition mechanism II 76, the lead IV 78, the sliding contact piece II 7772, the resistance piece I772 and the lead III 773 can form a closed loop. When the cylindrical rock sample 1 is axially compressed and deformed under the action of pressure, because the positioning threaded rod 5 is respectively in threaded connection with the positioning threaded through hole I23 of the top rigid pressing block 2 and the positioning threaded through hole II 93 of the outer ring device 9, the whole structure formed by the positioning threaded rod 5, the top rigid pressing block 2 and the outer ring device 9 moves downwards, and the positioning threaded rod 5 can penetrate through the positioning smooth circular through hole 33 of the bottom rigid pressing block 3 during movement; because the outer ring device 9 and the radial and axial displacement device 8 are rigidly connected through the radial slide block 976 and the mounting bayonet 84, and cannot move relatively in the axial direction, the outer ring device 9 can drive the radial and axial displacement device 8 to move downwards; because the positioning bolt 83 of the radial and axial displacement device 8 is in threaded connection with the threaded hole 7771 on the outer side of the axial slider 777 of the half-crescent rotating device mounting base 7, the radial and axial displacement device 8 can drive the axial slider 777 to move downwards along the axial threaded column 774 when moving downwards, and when the sliding contact piece II 7772 of the axial slider 777 stays at different positions on the resistance piece I772, the length of the circuit connected to the resistance piece I772 can be changed; the absolute value of the change of the length of the connected circuit of the resistance chip I772 is the axial deformation of the rock sample 1.
According to the current I on the resistance chip I772ⅡVoltage UⅡResistivity ρ of resistive chip I772ⅡThe length Ln of the circuit connected with the resistance chip I772 and the cross section area S of the resistance chip I772ⅡThe relation of (A) is as follows:
the length of an initial state resistance chip I772 connected into a circuit is L1The current on the corresponding resistance chip I772 is IⅡ1(ii) a The length of the resistor I772 connected into the circuit after the rock sample 1 deforms is L2The current on the corresponding resistance chip I772 is IⅡ2Axial deformation L of the rock sampleⅡNamely:
LⅡ＝|L1-L2| (13)
the calculation formula of the axial deformation can be deduced by simultaneous formulas (12) and (13):
wherein: l isⅡIs deformed in the radial direction; u shapeⅡVoltage, rho, of the power supply of the signal acquisition mechanism II 76ⅡResistivity of the resistive chip I772, SⅡThe cross-sectional area of the resistive chip I772, IⅡ1Is the initial current on the resistance chip I772, IⅡ2The current on the resistance chip I772 when the rock sample 1 is deformed.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a rock sample deformation measuring device, exerts module and radial axial displacement monitoring module including the load, and rock sample (1) is located whole device center, its characterized in that:
the load application module comprises a top rigid pressing block (2), a bottom rigid pressing block (3), a rigid gasket (4), a positioning threaded rod (5) and a three-axis electro-hydraulic servo testing machine; the axial pressure provided by the triaxial electrohydraulic servo testing machine directly acts on the top rigid pressing block (2) and the bottom rigid pressing block (3);
the device comprises four radial and axial displacement monitoring modules, a rock sample (1) and a base, wherein the four radial and axial displacement monitoring modules are annularly and symmetrically distributed around the rock sample (1), and each radial and axial displacement monitoring module comprises a half crescent rotation device (6), a half crescent rotation device mounting base (7), a radial and axial displacement device (8) and an outer ring device (9);
half crescent rotary device (6) are including half crescent rigid body (61), half crescent rigid body (61) are the halfcylinder form, half crescent rigid body (61) top is leaned on rectangle face one side and is equipped with horizontal positioning hole (62), and the arcwall face middle part of half crescent rigid body (61) is equipped with T shape rigidity insulation slide rail (63), T shape rigidity insulation slide rail (63) central authorities are equipped with sliding contact I (64), and half crescent rigid body (61) top central authorities are equipped with signal acquisition mechanism I (65).
Half crescent rotary device mount pad (7) are including mount pad body (71), mount pad body (71) are the halfcylinder form, mount pad body (71) inboard rectangle face symmetry is equipped with mounting chamber I (72) of two installation half crescent rotary device (6), mounting chamber I (72) middle part is equipped with half crescent T shape slip recess (73), half crescent T shape slip recess (73) surface is equipped with arc resistance card (74), mount pad body (71) top is equipped with signal acquisition mechanism II (76), mount pad body (71) dorsal part arc face pass through axial sliding mechanism (77) with footpath axial displacement device (8) are connected.
The radial and axial displacement device (8) comprises a displacement device body (81), the displacement device body (81) is provided with a mounting cavity II (82) for mounting the semi-crescent rotary device mounting seat (7), a positioning bolt (83) which can penetrate through the displacement device body (81) and extend into the mounting cavity II (82) is arranged on the back side surface of the displacement device body (81), and mounting bayonets (84) are symmetrically arranged on the two side surfaces of the displacement device body (81);
outer loop device (9) are including outer loop device body (91), outer loop device body (91) are equipped with installation cavity III (92) of installation radial axial displacement device (8), and outer loop device body (91) periphery is equipped with positioning thread through-hole II (93), and outer loop device body (91) one side is equipped with fixture block (94), and outer loop device body (91) opposite side symmetric position is equipped with fixture block groove (95), and outer loop device body (91) top is equipped with signal acquisition mechanism III (96), the relative both sides plane symmetry of installation cavity III (92) is equipped with radial sliding mechanism (97), and outer loop device (9) are passed through radial sliding mechanism (97) are connected with radial axial displacement device (8).
2. A rock sample deformation measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the top rigid pressing block (2) comprises a rigid bearing column I (21), a fixed disc I (22) is connected to the periphery of the rigid bearing column I (21), four positioning thread through holes I (23) are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the fixed disc I (22), and a level I (24) is arranged on the upper surface of the fixed disc I (22); the bottom rigid pressing block (3) is similar to the top rigid pressing block (2) in structure and comprises a rigid bearing column II (31), a fixed disc II (32), a positioning smooth round through hole (33) and a level II (34); the shape of the rigid gasket (4) is matched with that of the rock sample (1), and the cross sections of the rigid gasket are the same; the centers of the opposite surfaces of the rigid bearing column I (21) and the rigid bearing column II (31) are respectively provided with a threaded hole I (25) and a threaded hole II (35) which are the same; the center of the rigid gasket (4) is provided with a threaded column (41), and the threaded column (41) is respectively matched with the threaded hole I (25) and the threaded hole II (35).
3. A rock sample deformation measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: axial slide mechanism (77) include axial sliding groove (771), the surface of axial sliding groove (771) is equipped with resistance card I (772), axial sliding groove (771) inner chamber bottom threaded connection axial screw post (774), axial screw post (774) periphery cover is equipped with axial spring (775), axial spring (775) top is connected with baffle I (776) that runs through axial screw post (774), baffle I (776) top is accepted axial slider (777) that runs through axial screw post (774), axial slider (777) top is blocked through anticreep nut I (778) with axial screw post (774) top threaded connection, axial slider (777) outside is equipped with screw hole (7771), axial slider (777) inboard central authorities are equipped with sliding contact II (7772).
4. A rock sample deformation measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the radial sliding mechanism (97) comprises a radial sliding groove (971), the surface of the radial sliding groove (971) is provided with a resistor disc II (972), the bottom of an inner cavity of the radial sliding groove (971) is in threaded connection with a radial threaded column (973), a radial spring (974) is sleeved on the periphery of the radial threaded column (973), the top of the radial spring (974) is connected with a baffle II (975) which penetrates through the radial threaded column (973), a radial sliding block (976) which penetrates through the radial threaded column (973) is received above the baffle II (975), two ends of the radial sliding block (976) are provided with positioning threaded holes (9763), an anti-off nut II (977) which is in threaded connection with the top end of the radial threaded column (973) is blocked above the radial sliding block (976), the outer side of the radial sliding block (976) is provided with a clamping joint (9761), and the central inner side of the radial sliding block (976) is provided with a sliding contact piece (9762), the outer ring device body (91) is provided with a threaded hole III (910) communicated with the radial sliding groove (971), and the threaded hole III (910) is located on one side of the radial threaded rod (973) and is parallel to the radial threaded rod (973).
5. A rock sample deformation measuring device according to claim 4, wherein: positioning threaded rod (5) totally two and symmetry are installed in rock sample (1) both sides, positioning threaded rod (5) respectively with positioning threaded through-hole I (23) of top rigidity briquetting (2) positioning threaded through-hole II (93) of outer loop device (9) the smooth circular through-hole in location (33) phase-match of bottom rigidity briquetting (3).
6. A rock sample deformation measuring device according to claim 5, wherein: the lengths of the axial threaded column (774) and the radial threaded column (973) are not greater than the lengths of the axial spring (775) and the radial spring (974), respectively.
7. A rock sample deformation measuring device according to claim 6, wherein: the signal acquisition mechanism I (65), the signal acquisition mechanism II (76) and the signal acquisition mechanism III (96) are respectively provided with a power supply, positive and negative terminal connections, a processor and a memory; the signal acquisition mechanism I (65) can be respectively and electrically connected with the sliding contact piece I (64) and the arc-shaped resistance piece (74) through a lead I (66) and a lead II (75) to form a closed loop; the signal acquisition mechanism II (76) can be respectively and electrically connected with the resistance card I (772) and the sliding contact card II (7772) through a lead III (773) and a lead IV (78) to form a closed loop; the signal acquisition mechanism III (96) can be respectively and electrically connected with the resistance chip II (972) and the sliding contact chip III (9762) through a lead V (98) and a lead VI (99) to form a closed loop.
8. A rock sample deformation measuring device according to claim 7, wherein: the shape of the rock sample (1) is a cylinder or a cuboid; when the shape of the rock sample (1) is a cuboid: two half crescent rotary devices (6) arranged in the half crescent rotary device mounting seat (7) are provided with a fixing rod (67), the fixing rod (67) penetrates through transverse positioning through holes (62) of the two half crescent rotary devices (6), two ends of the fixing rod are fixed through anti-falling screw caps III, and the signal acquisition mechanism I (65) is closed; when the rock sample (1) is cylindrical in shape: and the threaded holes III (910) on two sides of the outer ring device (9) are respectively provided with a positioning screw (911), the positioning screws (911) sequentially penetrate through the threaded holes III (910), the baffle II (975) and the positioning threaded holes (9763) at one end of the radial sliding block (976) to be in threaded connection, and the signal acquisition mechanism III (96) is closed.
9. A radial eight-direction deformation measurement method for a rock sample is characterized by comprising the following steps: use of a measuring device according to any of claims 1 to 8, when the rock sample (1) is cylindrical in shape, comprising the steps of:
s1, horizontally placing the bottom rigid pressing block (3) on an assembly table, and then sequentially placing a rigid gasket (4), a rock sample (1), the rigid gasket (4) and the top rigid pressing block (2) on a rigid bearing column II (31) of the bottom rigid pressing block (3);
s2, assembling a half crescent rotating device (6), a half crescent rotating device mounting seat (7), a radial and axial displacement device (8) and an outer ring device (9), wherein the assembled whole body, namely the radial and axial displacement monitoring module, is in a circular ring shape, and a rock sample (1) is positioned in the center of the circular ring;
s3, after the radial and axial displacement monitoring module is assembled, adjusting the height of the radial and axial displacement monitoring module to the middle of a rock sample (1), and then sequentially enabling a positioning threaded rod (5) to penetrate through a positioning threaded through hole I (23) of a top rigid pressing block (2), a positioning threaded through hole II (93) of an outer ring device (9) and a smooth round through hole (33) of a bottom rigid pressing block (3), so that the whole device is fixed;
s4, extruding a top rigid pressing block (2) and a bottom rigid pressing block (3) at two ends of a rock sample (1) through a triaxial electrohydraulic servo testing machine to apply strain to the rock sample (1), and recording currents I on an arc-shaped resistance chip (74) and a resistance chip I (772) through a signal acquisition mechanism I (65) and a signal acquisition mechanism II (76) respectivelyⅠAnd IⅡUsing the formula
Calculating the radial displacement of the rock sample, wherein: r is the radius of the arc-shaped resistor disc (74), UⅠVoltage, rho, of the power supply of the signal acquisition unit I (65)ⅠIs the resistivity, S, of the arc-shaped resistive sheet (74)ⅠIs the cross-sectional area of the arc-shaped resistor disc (74), IⅠ1Is the initial current on the arc-shaped resistor disc (74), IⅠ2The current on the arc-shaped resistance disc (74) when the rock sample (1) deforms; using formulas
Calculating the axial displacement of the rock sample, wherein: u shapeⅡVoltage, rho, of the power supply of the signal acquisition mechanism II (76)ⅡIs the resistivity, S, of the resistive chip I (772)ⅡIs the cross-sectional area of the resistor I (772)Ⅱ1Is the initial current on the resistance chip I (772), IⅡ2The current on the resistance chip I (772) when the rock sample (1) deforms is obtained.
10. A radial eight-direction deformation measurement method for a rock sample is characterized by comprising the following steps: use of a measuring device according to any of claims 1-8, when the rock sample (1) is in the shape of a cuboid, comprising the steps of:
s1, horizontally placing the bottom rigid pressing block (3) on an assembly table, and then sequentially placing a rigid gasket (4), a rock sample (1), the rigid gasket (4) and the top rigid pressing block (2) on a rigid bearing column II (31) of the bottom rigid pressing block (3);
s2, assembling a half crescent rotating device (6), a half crescent rotating device mounting seat (7), a radial and axial displacement device (8) and an outer ring device (9), wherein the assembled whole body, namely the radial and axial displacement monitoring module, is in a circular ring shape, and a rock sample (1) is positioned in the center of the circular ring;
s3, after the radial and axial displacement monitoring module is assembled, adjusting the height of the radial and axial displacement monitoring module to the middle of a rock sample (1), and then sequentially enabling a positioning threaded rod (5) to penetrate through a positioning threaded through hole I (23) of a top rigid pressing block (2), a positioning threaded through hole II (93) of an outer ring device (9) and a smooth round through hole (33) of a bottom rigid pressing block (3), so that the whole device is fixed;
s4, extruding a top rigid pressing block (2) and a bottom rigid pressing block (3) at two ends of a rock sample (1) through a triaxial electrohydraulic servo testing machine to apply strain to the rock sample (1), and recording the current I (772) of a resistance chip I and the current I (972) of an upper resistance chip II through a signal acquisition mechanism II (76) and a signal acquisition mechanism III (96) respectivelyⅡAnd IⅢBy the formula
Calculating the axial displacement of the rock sample, wherein: u shapeⅡVoltage, rho, of the power supply of the signal acquisition mechanism II (76)ⅡIs the resistivity, S, of the resistive chip I (772)ⅡIs the cross-sectional area of the resistor I (772)Ⅱ1Is the initial current on the resistance chip I (772), IⅡ2The current on the resistance chip I (772) when the rock sample (1) deforms is obtained; using formulas
Calculating the radial displacement of the rock sample, wherein: u shapeⅢVoltage, rho, of the power supply of the signal acquisition unit III (96)ⅢResistivity, S, of resistor II (972)ⅢCross-sectional area of resistive chip II (972), IⅢ1Is the initial current on resistor II (972)Ⅲ2The current on the resistance chip II (972) when the rock sample (1) deforms.
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| CN202210122705.5A CN114486529A (en) | 2022-02-09 | 2022-02-09 | Rock sample deformation measuring device and method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117740555A (en) * | 2024-02-21 | 2024-03-22 | 中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心（西南地质科技创新中心） | Simulation test device for falling mechanism of dangerous rock under rainfall induction |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117740555A (en) * | 2024-02-21 | 2024-03-22 | 中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心（西南地质科技创新中心） | Simulation test device for falling mechanism of dangerous rock under rainfall induction |
| CN117740555B (en) * | 2024-02-21 | 2024-04-30 | 中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心（西南地质科技创新中心） | Simulation test device for falling mechanism of dangerous rock under rainfall induction |
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