CN114486023A - Three-dimensional space stress characterization method for underground engineering disturbance surrounding rock area - Google Patents
Three-dimensional space stress characterization method for underground engineering disturbance surrounding rock area Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/25—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons
- G01L1/255—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons using acoustic waves, or acoustic emission
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
- G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
- G01L1/246—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre using integrated gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering rock mass stability control, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional space stress characterization method of an underground engineering disturbance surrounding rock area, which comprises the following steps: monitoring a surrounding rock cracking area, and analyzing a three-dimensional space structure of the wave velocity distribution of the surrounding rock in the cracking area; step two: drilling a wall rock cracking area with a wave velocity space structure to form a drill hole; step three: collecting the stress of the drilling surrounding rock; step four: analyzing the relation between the stress of the drill hole and the wave velocity of the area to obtain the surrounding rock stress of the disturbance area; step five: and (4) inverting the direction of the surrounding rock in the fractured zone by using a seismic source mechanism method to finally obtain the stress space distribution area, the size and the direction of the fractured zone of the surrounding rock. The surrounding rock disturbance area space stress characterization method obtained by the scheme can better analyze the internal stress evolution of the broken surrounding rock and realize the dynamic analysis of the stress evolution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering rock mass stability control, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional space stress characterization method for a disturbance surrounding rock area of an underground engineering.
Background
In rock underground works, the surrounding rock mass, which undergoes a change in stress state due to excavation, is called the surrounding rock. The surrounding rock is also called main rock and ore-containing rock. The rocks around the ore body and around the rock body are called surrounding rocks. The rock mass has a fractured zone section consisting of non-single fractures of a certain width and considerable extension length, so that the rock mass loses the continuity and integrity of the rock mass. The surrounding rock has a surrounding rock fracture area, and the surrounding rock fracture area is caused by the fact that the newly-generated cracks are communicated with the original joints to cause criss-cross through fractures in the rock body.
Before the underground rock-soil body is excavated, the rock stratum is in a balanced state, the balanced state of the underground rock body is inevitably damaged when the rock-soil body is exploited, the stress of the surrounding rock body is redistributed, the original stress variable field is changed, the stress concentration phenomenon occurs, the displacement change of an exploitation space and the damage condition of the surrounding rock body are generated, and geological disasters are caused.
With the increase of underground engineering burial depth and the increase of ground stress level, the geological environment of rock mass is more complicated, and the geological disasters induced by excavation (mining) are more prominent and serious, which brings unprecedented challenges to deep underground engineering design, construction, production and the like. Therefore, the research on the distribution state of the disturbance stress field has very important significance for preventing and treating disasters such as rock burst, coal and gas outburst, large deformation of surrounding rocks and the like, and risk assessment of the disasters.
At present, the disturbance stress test and monitoring of engineering sites are mainly based on a drilling stress test technology, the drilling stress monitoring technology mainly comprises a drilling stress relief method and a drilling stress meter test method, a measuring drill hole is firstly constructed in a mining space rock body in the stress relief method, a stress sensor is installed in the drill hole, a strain gage in the pressure sensor is in close contact with the wall of the drill hole, then a drill hole is concentrically constructed outside the measuring hole through a trepanning drill, the original stress on a rock core is relieved, the rock core is partially deformed due to the relief of the stress, and the stress state before the rock body is drilled in the construction process is calculated according to the deformation. The drilling stress testing technology is a main technology for measuring disturbance stress on the current engineering site in China, most of common sensors are based on a Gruez Glotzi pressure cell, the appearance and signal conversion are improved, and the developed drilling stress meter comprises a vibrating string type stress meter and a hydraulic type stress meter, and the drilling penetration type fixed installation is adopted in the installation mode. According to the measuring principle, both the vibrating wire type stress meter and the hydraulic type stress meter belong to rigid inclusion stress meters.
The conventional engineering site disturbance stress test is mainly aimed at a complete surrounding rock body, few researches are conducted on stress change of a surrounding rock cracking area, the surrounding rock cracking area is extremely easy to cause safety accidents in the excavation process due to complex geological causes and physical and mechanical characteristics of the surrounding rock cracking area, and therefore the research on the deformation rule of the excavated surrounding rock of a tunnel under the surrounding rock cracking area has important significance for guiding construction.
Disclosure of Invention
The scheme provides the three-dimensional space stress characterization method for the disturbed surrounding rock area of the underground engineering, which can better observe the stress change in the broken area of the surrounding rock.
In order to achieve the purpose, the scheme provides a three-dimensional space stress characterization method for a disturbance surrounding rock area of underground engineering, which specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: monitoring a wall rock cracking area, and analyzing a wave velocity space structure of the wall rock cracking area;
step two: drilling a wall rock cracking area with a wave velocity space structure to form a drill hole;
step three: collecting the stress of the drilling surrounding rock;
step four: analyzing the relation between the stress of the drill hole and the wave velocity of the area to obtain the surrounding rock stress of the disturbance area;
step five: and (3) inverting the direction of the surrounding rock in the fractured region by using a seismic source mechanism method to finally obtain the stress spatial distribution area, the stress spatial distribution size and the stress spatial distribution direction of the fractured region of the surrounding rock.
The scheme has the beneficial effects that: the method comprises the steps of analyzing a wave velocity structure of a wall rock cracking area by monitoring the wall rock cracking area, drilling the area with the closest wave velocity structure, collecting the stress of the drill hole, analyzing the stress of the drill hole and the wave velocity of the area to obtain the stress of the disturbed wall rock, finally inverting the direction of the wall rock of the cracking area according to a seismic source mechanism method, and finally obtaining the stress spatial distribution area, the stress spatial distribution size and the stress spatial distribution direction of the wall rock cracking area.
According to the scheme, the drilling stress is collected to obtain the stress of the disturbed surrounding rock area, and the stress space distribution area, the stress space distribution size and the stress space distribution direction of the surrounding rock cracking area are obtained through inversion by using a seismic source mechanism method, so that the stress of the surrounding rock cracking area can be represented, and the stress change of the surrounding rock cracking area can be observed; the method for manufacturing the seismic source machine can be used for dynamically monitoring the surrounding rock fracture area in real time, and the seismic source does not need to be arranged to analyze the stress of the drilled hole after the drilling is finished; the stress evolution inside the fractured surrounding rock can be better analyzed, and the dynamic analysis of the stress evolution is realized.
Further, in the third step, a borehole stress meter is adopted to process the collected stress, and the magnitude and direction of the stress are analyzed.
Further, the first step adopts a microseismic monitoring mode to analyze the surrounding rock fracture area.
Further, the number of the drill holes in the second step is multiple, and the distance between the drill holes is larger than 5 times of the diameter of the drill holes. A plurality of drilling make data acquisition more accurate, and the distance between the drilling is greater than 5 times between the drilling and can prevent that drilling interact from causing the drilling to collapse or influence drilling internal stress data acquisition.
Further, the vertical stress of drilling is collected by using a collecting device in the third step, and the collecting device comprises:
a horizontal drilling module for forming a second borehole in a horizontal direction, the horizontal drilling module comprising: the device comprises a level gauge, a cutter head, an electric hydraulic cylinder and a shell; the electric hydraulic cylinder is fixed inside the shell; the cutter head is positioned on the outer side of the shell and is fixedly connected with a piston rod of the electric hydraulic cylinder; the level gauge is fixedly arranged on the shell;
the stress acquisition module is used for acquiring the vertical stress of the second drill hole and comprises a strain gauge and a fiber grating sensor, and the strain gauge is fixedly connected with the fiber grating sensor;
the strain gauge and the fiber bragg grating sensor are symmetrically arranged at the top and the bottom of the shell;
and the controller is used for receiving the horizontal signal of the level gauge and the stress information of the stress acquisition module and controlling the electric hydraulic cylinder and the cutter head to form a second drilling hole according to the horizontal signal.
After a drill hole is formed, the whole collecting device is placed into the drill hole, the angle of the collecting device is adjusted through the level meter, the controller controls the electric hydraulic cylinder to move and the cutter to rotate, then a second drill hole is formed, the stress collecting module is in close contact with the second drill hole, the stress collecting module collects the vertical stress of the second drill hole, the change of a surrounding rock cracking area is complex, a new cracking area can be formed at any time, the stress collecting device can be used for detecting the drill hole in real time, the collected data can be more accurate, the change of the surrounding rock cracking area can be coped with, and the dynamic change of the surrounding rock area can be observed; the gradienter is arranged to enable the collected stress to be vertical stress, so that the stress characterization result data of the whole three-dimensional space is more accurate.
Furthermore, a detection port is arranged on the shell; the strain gauge and the fiber bragg grating sensor are both positioned in the detection port; an air cylinder is arranged on the inner wall of the detection port, a working medium which expands when heated is filled in the air cylinder, and a piston rod of the air cylinder is fixedly connected with a moving block; the strain gauge and the fiber bragg grating sensor are both positioned on the moving block; a working cavity is arranged in the shell; a refrigeration device is arranged in the working cavity, and a refrigeration device switch is electrically connected with the controller switch; the refrigerating device is provided with a heat pipe and a cold pipe; the cold pipe is positioned on the cutter head; the heat pipe is communicated with the outside; the cooling pipe is used for radiating heat of the cutter head, the cooling pipe is communicated with a second branch pipe, the second branch pipe is wound on the air cylinder, a second electromagnetic valve is arranged at the communication position of the cooling pipe and the second branch pipe, and the second electromagnetic valve is electrically connected with the controller; the heat pipe is communicated with a first branch pipe, the first branch pipe is wound on the cylinder, a first electromagnetic valve is arranged at the communication position of the heat pipe and the first branch pipe, and the first electromagnetic valve is electrically connected with the controller.
When the device is used, the cylinder is cooled firstly, so that the strain gauge is positioned in the detection port, when the cutter head runs, the controller controls the refrigerating device to work, so that cold air is blown to the cutter head, and meanwhile, the controller opens the first electromagnetic valve to enable hot air generated by the refrigerating device to enter the first branch pipe, so that the working medium in the cylinder absorbs heat, the working medium in the cylinder expands, the strain gauge abuts against the side wall of the second drill hole, the detection is convenient, and the detection data are more accurate; meanwhile, the cutter head is cooled, so that the service life of the cutter head is prolonged, the rock becomes brittle, and drilling is easier. After the cutter head stops, detecting the vertical stress of the second drill hole, and preventing the force generated by the rotation of the cutter head from influencing the detection of the vertical stress of the second drill hole; the refrigerating device is utilized to control contraction and expansion of working media in the cylinder, so that the cutter head can drill holes for multiple times, detection is carried out on each detection point, the internal area of the surrounding rock is conveniently characterized, and the stress data of different places can enable the characterization results of the surrounding rock area to be closer to actual data.
Further, a discharge passage for discharging a second drilling waste is provided in the housing. When the cutter disc is started, the waste materials enter the discharge channel by the impact force of the cutter disc and are discharged from the discharge channel, so that the strain gauge is prevented from being diffused and extruded by the waste materials, and the vertical stress of the second drill hole is inaccurate to detect.
Furthermore, the cold pipe is communicated with a plurality of spray pipes at the end of the cutter head. The cold air can be uniformly distributed, and the cutter disc can be conveniently and quickly cooled.
Further, hot air cavities are arranged at the top and the bottom of the shell; the first branch pipe is communicated with the heat pipe through the hot air cavity; the hot gas cavity is used for storing hot gas; a pressure relief valve is arranged at the end, close to the outside, of the hot air cavity and communicated with the outside; the end, close to the outside, of the hot air cavity is provided with a radiating fin; the first electromagnetic valve is positioned at the communication position of the hot air cavity and the first branch pipe.
After the cutter head is used, the cutter head needs to be radiated, the cold air can also embrittle rock masses at the top and the bottom of the second drilling hole, the strength is reduced, the broken stone can incline the acquisition device, and the stress data acquisition of the second drilling hole can be influenced; hot air cavities are arranged at the top and the bottom of the shell, so that hot air can be stored for subsequent use, and the temperature at the bottom of the second drilling hole can be neutralized, so that the situation that the rock masses at the top and the bottom of the second drilling hole become brittle and the acquisition of stress data is influenced is prevented; when continuously carrying out drilling detection, second drilling top and bottom temperature can be than low, and when carrying out next drilling and holing, the drilling position that current temperature reduces just can be removed to stress collection module, and the temperature ratio is than can influence the life of instrument, through steam chamber pressure release and fin effect, carries out the neutralization to drilling top and bottom temperature, can increase the life of instrument, prevents cold environment damage instrument simultaneously, makes stress acquisition data more accurate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a casing and a cutter head in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by the specific embodiments:
reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the device comprises a shell 1, an electric hydraulic cylinder 2, a cutter head 3, a cylinder 4, a moving block 5, a fiber bragg grating sensor 6, a strain gauge 7, a pressure sensor 8, a first drill hole 9, a second drill hole 10, a working cavity 11, a detection port 12, a refrigerating device 13, a cold pipe 14, a heat pipe 15, a hot air cavity 16, a pressure release valve 17 and a radiating fin 18.
Example 1:
a three-dimensional space stress characterization method for a disturbance surrounding rock area of underground engineering specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: monitoring a wall rock cracking area, and analyzing a wave velocity space structure of the wall rock cracking area; monitoring a surrounding rock cracking area in a microseismic monitoring mode;
step two: drilling a wall rock cracking area with a wave velocity space structure to form a drill hole; the number of the drill holes is multiple, and the distance between the drill holes is more than 5 times of the diameter of the drill holes. Drilling quantity can be 6, and a plurality of drilling make data acquisition more accurate, and the distance between the drilling is greater than 5 times between the drilling and can prevent that drilling interact from causing the drilling to collapse or influence drilling internal stress data acquisition.
The bore holes comprise a first bore hole 9 and a second bore hole 10, the second bore hole 10 being a horizontal bore hole. The vertical stress of the drill hole is conveniently collected by adopting horizontal drilling, so that the data is more accurate.
Step three: collecting the stress of the drilling surrounding rock; in the actual process, stress in each direction is collected at a drilling position, filtering is carried out, and required vertical stress is selected;
step four: analyzing the relation between the stress of the drill hole and the wave velocity of the area to obtain the surrounding rock stress of the disturbance area;
step five: and (4) inverting the direction of the surrounding rock in the fractured zone by using a seismic source mechanism method to finally obtain the stress space distribution area, the size and the direction of the fractured zone of the surrounding rock.
The method comprises the steps of analyzing a wave velocity structure of a wall rock cracking area by monitoring the wall rock cracking area, drilling the area with the closest wave velocity structure, collecting the stress of the drill hole, analyzing the stress of the drill hole and the wave velocity of the area to obtain the stress of the disturbed wall rock, finally inverting the direction of the wall rock of the cracking area according to a seismic source mechanism method, and finally obtaining the stress spatial distribution area, the stress spatial distribution size and the stress spatial distribution direction of the wall rock cracking area. The method comprises the steps of acquiring the stress of a disturbed surrounding rock area by acquiring the drilling stress, and performing inversion by using a seismic source mechanism method to obtain the stress spatial distribution area, the stress spatial distribution size and the stress spatial distribution direction of the surrounding rock fracture area, so that the stress of the surrounding rock fracture area can be represented, and the stress change of the surrounding rock fracture area can be observed; the method for manufacturing the seismic source machine can be used for dynamically monitoring the surrounding rock fracture area in real time, and the seismic source does not need to be arranged to analyze the stress of the drilled hole after the drilling is finished; the stress evolution inside the fractured surrounding rock can be better analyzed, and the dynamic analysis of the stress evolution is realized.
And in the third step, a borehole stress meter or a collecting device is used for collecting the vertical stress of the borehole, the borehole stress meter is a vibrating wire sensor with a special structure and is mainly used for measuring the stress change of the reserved coal pillar of the coal mine or measuring the rock mass or the soil foundation of the foundation pit, and the borehole stress meter can be used for measuring the stress change condition conveniently and quickly before and after excavation.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the collecting device includes:
the stress acquisition module is used for acquiring the vertical stress of the second drill hole 10 and comprises a strain gauge 7 and a fiber grating sensor 6, and the strain gauge 7 and the fiber grating sensor 6 are fixedly bonded together;
a horizontal drilling module for forming a second borehole 10 in a horizontal direction, the horizontal drilling module comprising: a level gauge, a cutter head 3, an electric hydraulic cylinder 2 and a shell 1. The electric hydraulic cylinder 2 is fixed inside the shell 1 through bolts, the cutter head 3 is located on the outer side of the shell 1, and the level gauge is fixed on the shell 1 through bolts. The cutter head 3 is provided with a motor for driving the cutter head 3 to rotate, the motor is fixedly connected with the cutter head 3 through a screw, and the motor is fixedly connected with a piston rod of the electric hydraulic cylinder 2 through a bolt. The cutter head 3 is a rotary cutter head 3, and the motor is electrically connected with the controller.
The strain gauge 7 and the fiber grating sensor 6 are symmetrically arranged at the top and the bottom of the shell 1; it is convenient to inspect the upper and lower side walls of the second bore 10.
And the controller is used for receiving the horizontal signal of the level gauge and the stress information of the stress acquisition module and controlling the electric hydraulic cylinder 2 and the cutter head 3 to form a second drilling hole 10 according to the horizontal signal.
After when forming first drilling 9, put into first drilling 9 with collection system is whole, then through spirit level adjustment collection system's angle, then controller control electric hydraulic cylinder 2 removes and uses blade disc 3 to rotate, then form second drilling 10, stress acquisition module and second drilling 10 in close contact with, stress acquisition module gathers the perpendicular stress of second drilling 10 to the stress of guaranteeing to gather is perpendicular stress, makes whole three-dimensional space stress characterization result data more accurate.
The shell 1 is provided with an expansion structure, the expansion structure comprises a cylinder 4, the cylinder 4 is filled with a working medium which expands when heated, the working medium is specifically chloroethane, the boiling point of the chloroethane is 12.3 ℃, and the chloroethane is in a gas state at normal temperature. The piston of cylinder 4 passes through the spring and is in the same place with the inner wall welding of cylinder 4, is equipped with the stopper that prevents that the piston from breaking away from cylinder 4 on the inner wall of cylinder 4, prevents that the piston of cylinder 4 from breaking away from cylinder 4 after the working medium inflation in the cylinder 4. A moving block 5 is welded on a piston rod of the air cylinder 4, a detection port 12 is formed in the shell 1, and the detection ports 12 are symmetrically arranged at the top and the bottom of the shell 1. The cylinder 4 is fixed on the inner wall of the detection port 12. The strain gauge 7 and the fiber bragg grating sensor 6 are both positioned on the moving block 5, and the strain gauge 7 is welded on the moving block. The upper surface of the moving block 5 is fixed with a pressure sensor 8 through a bolt, the top of the pressure sensor 8 and the top of the strain gauge 7 are located on the same horizontal plane, and the pressure sensor 8 is electrically connected with a controller. The pressure sensor 8 can prevent the strain gauge 7 from excessively abutting against the side wall of the drill hole to influence the detection of the vertical stress in the drill hole.
Be equipped with working chamber 11 in the shell 1, be equipped with refrigerating plant 13 in the working chamber 11, refrigerating plant 13 switch and controller switch electric connection. The refrigerating device 13 is provided with a heat pipe 15 and a cold pipe 14, and the cold pipe 14 is positioned on the cutter head 3. The hot pipe 15 is communicated with the outside, the cold pipe 14 is used for radiating heat of the cutter head 3, the cold pipe 14 is communicated with a second branch pipe, the second branch pipe is wound on the cylinder 4, and a second electromagnetic valve is arranged at the communication position of the cold pipe 14 and the second branch pipe and is electrically connected with the controller; the heat pipe 15 is communicated with a first branch pipe, the first branch pipe is wound on the cylinder 4, a first electromagnetic valve is arranged at the communication position of the heat pipe 15 and the first branch pipe, and the first electromagnetic valve is electrically connected with the controller.
When the device is used, the air cylinder 4 is cooled firstly, so that the strain gauge 7 is positioned in the detection port 12, when the cutter disc 3 runs, the controller controls the refrigerating device 13 to work, so that cold air is blown to the cutter disc 3, and meanwhile, the controller opens the first electromagnetic valve to enable hot air generated by the refrigerating device 13 to enter the first branch pipe, so that the working medium in the air cylinder 4 absorbs heat, the working medium in the air cylinder 4 expands, and the strain gauge 7 abuts against the side wall of the second drill hole 10, detection is facilitated, and detection data are more accurate; meanwhile, the cutter head 3 is cooled, so that the service life of the cutter head 3 is prolonged, the rock becomes brittle, and drilling is easier. After the cutter head 3 stops, detecting the vertical stress of the second drill hole 10 to prevent the force generated by the rotation of the cutter head 3 from influencing the detection of the vertical stress of the second drill hole 10; the refrigerating device 13 is utilized to control the contraction and expansion of the working medium in the cylinder 4, so that the cutter head 3 can drill holes for multiple times, detection of each detection point is carried out, the internal area of the surrounding rock is conveniently represented, and the stress data of different places can enable the representation result of the surrounding rock area to be closer to actual data; meanwhile, the engineering wave source is detected again after vibration, and the method can be combined with the situation that no wave source exists before, so that the representation result data of the surrounding rock area are more accurate in representation.
A waste discharge channel for discharging the second bore 10 is provided in the housing 1. When the cutter head 3 is started, the waste materials enter the discharge channel by the impact force of the cutter head 3 and are discharged from the discharge channel, so that the strain gauge 7 is prevented from being diffused and extruded by the waste materials, and the vertical stress of the subsequent second drill hole 10 is inaccurate to detect. Helical blades are arranged in the discharge channel and are welded with the cutter head 3, and when the cutter head 3 rotates, the cutter head 3 drives the helical blades to rotate, so that waste materials generated at the cutter head 3 are discharged under the action of the helical blades.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 3, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that the cold pipe 14 is connected with 10 spray pipes at the end of the cutter head 3. The cold air can be uniformly distributed, and the cutter head 3 can be rapidly cooled conveniently.
The top and the bottom of the shell 1 are both provided with hot air cavities 16, and the first branch pipe is communicated with the heat pipe 15 through the hot air cavities 16; the hot air cavity 16 is used for storing hot air, a pressure release valve 17 is arranged at the end, close to the outside, of the hot air cavity 16, the pressure release valve 17 is communicated with the outside, a radiating fin 18 is arranged at the end, close to the outside, of the hot air cavity 16, the pressure release valve 17 and the radiating fin 18 of the hot air cavity 16 at the top of the shell 1 are located at the top of the hot air cavity 16, and the pressure release valve 17 and the radiating fin 18 of the hot air cavity 16 at the bottom of the shell 1 are located at the bottom of the hot air cavity 16. The first solenoid valve is located where the hot air chamber 16 communicates with the first branch pipe. After the cutter head 3 is used, the cutter head 3 needs to be radiated, the cold air can also embrittle rock masses at the top and the bottom of the second drill hole 10, the strength is reduced, the broken stone can incline the acquisition device, and the stress data acquisition of the second drill hole 10 can be influenced; hot air cavities 16 are arranged at the top and the bottom of the shell 1, so that hot air can be stored for subsequent use, and the temperature at the bottom of the second drill hole 10 can be neutralized, so that the rock mass at the top and the bottom of the second drill hole 10 is prevented from becoming brittle, and the acquisition of stress data is prevented from being influenced; when continuously carrying out drilling detection, second drilling 10 top and bottom temperature can be than lower, and when carrying out next drilling and holing, the drilling position that current temperature reduces just can be removed to stress collection module, and the temperature ratio can influence the life of instrument than lower, through 16 pressures release in steam chamber and the 18 effects of fin, carry out the neutralization to drilling top and bottom temperature, can increase the life of instrument, prevent cold environment damage instrument simultaneously, make stress acquisition data more accurate.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge of known specific structures and features of the embodiments is not described herein in any greater detail. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A three-dimensional space stress characterization method for a disturbance surrounding rock area of underground engineering is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: monitoring a wall rock cracking area, and analyzing a wave velocity space structure of the wall rock cracking area;
step two: drilling a wall rock cracking area with a wave velocity space structure to form a drill hole;
step three: collecting the stress of the drilling surrounding rock;
step four: analyzing the relation between the stress of the drill hole and the wave velocity of the area to obtain the surrounding rock stress of the disturbance area;
step five: and (4) inverting the direction of the surrounding rock in the fractured zone by using a seismic source mechanism method to finally obtain the stress space distribution area, the size and the direction of the fractured zone of the surrounding rock.
2. The method for characterizing the stress of the three-dimensional space of the disturbance surrounding rock area of the underground engineering according to claim 1, wherein: and in the third step, the collected stress is processed by adopting a borehole stress meter, and the magnitude and direction of the stress are analyzed.
3. The method for characterizing the stress of the three-dimensional space of the disturbance surrounding rock area of the underground engineering according to claim 1, wherein: and analyzing the surrounding rock fracture area in a microseismic monitoring mode in the first step.
4. The method for characterizing the stress of the three-dimensional space of the disturbance surrounding rock area of the underground engineering according to claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the number of the drill holes is multiple, and the distance between the drill holes is more than 5 times of the diameter of the drill holes.
5. The method for characterizing the stress of the three-dimensional space of the disturbance surrounding rock area of the underground engineering according to claim 1, wherein: the vertical stress and the horizontal stress of the drill hole are collected by using a collecting device in the third step, and the collecting device comprises:
a horizontal drilling module for forming a second borehole in a horizontal direction, the horizontal drilling module comprising: the device comprises a level gauge, a cutter head, an electric hydraulic cylinder and a shell; the electric hydraulic cylinder is fixed inside the shell; the cutter head is positioned on the outer side of the shell and is fixedly connected with a piston rod of the electric hydraulic cylinder; the level gauge is fixedly arranged on the shell;
the stress acquisition module is used for acquiring the vertical stress of the second drill hole and comprises a strain gauge and a fiber grating sensor, and the strain gauge is fixedly connected with the fiber grating sensor;
the strain gauge and the fiber bragg grating sensor are symmetrically arranged at the top and the bottom of the shell;
and the controller is used for receiving the horizontal signal of the level gauge and the stress information of the stress acquisition module and controlling the electric hydraulic cylinder and the cutter head to form a second drilling hole according to the horizontal signal.
6. The method for characterizing the three-dimensional space stress of the disturbance surrounding rock area of the underground engineering according to claim 5, wherein: a detection port is formed in the shell; the strain gauge and the fiber bragg grating sensor are both positioned in the detection port; an air cylinder is arranged on the inner wall of the detection port, a working medium which expands when heated is filled in the air cylinder, and a piston rod of the air cylinder is fixedly connected with a moving block; the strain gauge and the fiber bragg grating sensor are both positioned on the moving block; a working cavity is arranged in the shell; a refrigeration device is arranged in the working cavity, and a refrigeration device switch is electrically connected with the controller switch; the refrigerating device is provided with a heat pipe and a cold pipe; the cold pipe is positioned on the cutter head; the heat pipe is communicated with the outside; the cooling pipe is used for radiating heat of the cutter head, the cooling pipe is communicated with a second branch pipe, the second branch pipe is wound on the air cylinder, a second electromagnetic valve is arranged at the communication position of the cooling pipe and the second branch pipe, and the second electromagnetic valve is electrically connected with the controller; the heat pipe is communicated with a first branch pipe, the first branch pipe is wound on the cylinder, a first electromagnetic valve is arranged at the communication position of the heat pipe and the first branch pipe, and the first electromagnetic valve is electrically connected with the controller.
7. The method for characterizing the three-dimensional space stress of the disturbance surrounding rock area of the underground engineering according to claim 5, wherein: and a discharge channel for discharging second drilling waste is arranged in the shell.
8. The method for characterizing the three-dimensional space stress of the disturbance surrounding rock area of the underground engineering according to claim 5, wherein: the cold pipe is communicated with a plurality of spray pipes at the end of the cutter head.
9. The method for characterizing the three-dimensional space stress of the disturbance surrounding rock area of the underground engineering according to claim 5, wherein: the top and the bottom of the shell are both provided with hot air cavities; the first branch pipe is communicated with the heat pipe through the hot air cavity; the hot gas cavity is used for storing hot gas; a pressure relief valve is arranged at the end, close to the outside, of the hot air cavity and communicated with the outside; a radiating fin is arranged at the end, close to the outside, of the hot air cavity; the first electromagnetic valve is positioned at the communication position of the hot air cavity and the first branch pipe.
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