CN114484288A - Intelligent pipeline leakage monitoring system based on sensitized fiber bragg grating and monitoring method thereof - Google Patents
Intelligent pipeline leakage monitoring system based on sensitized fiber bragg grating and monitoring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114484288A CN114484288A CN202210030511.2A CN202210030511A CN114484288A CN 114484288 A CN114484288 A CN 114484288A CN 202210030511 A CN202210030511 A CN 202210030511A CN 114484288 A CN114484288 A CN 114484288A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
- F17D5/02—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/38—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using light
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent pipeline leakage monitoring system based on a sensitized fiber grating and a monitoring method thereof, wherein the system comprises a pipeline system and a fiber grating signal processing system, the pipeline system comprises a composite pipe and the sensitized fiber grating which is arranged in the pipe wall of the composite pipe in a penetrating way, and the sensitized fiber grating is connected with a fiber grating temperature compensator; the sensitized fiber grating comprises an inner layer of the fiber grating and an outer coating layer of modified butyl rubber, the modified butyl rubber can swell after contacting hydrocarbon crude oil and enables the fiber grating on the inner layer to generate swelling offset signals of Bragg wavelength, and thermal expansion offset signals generated by the temperature change of the fiber grating and the swelling offset signals generated by the swelling change are identified and processed by a fiber grating signal processing system. The system directly compounds the specific sensitized fiber grating with the interior of the oilfield pipe, does not need to lay a monitoring pipeline additionally, is quick to construct, is protected by the outer sleeve of the oilfield pipe, and can meet the long-term use requirement under the landfill environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of intelligent pipeline real-time monitoring of oilfield pipelines, and particularly relates to an intelligent pipeline leakage monitoring system based on a sensitized fiber grating and a monitoring method thereof.
Background
In the field of oil field pipe gathering and transportation, because pipelines all operate at high pressure, a conveying medium is inflammable, explosive and toxic, and once an accident happens, not only can resource loss and environmental pollution be caused, but also fire and explosion can be caused, huge economic loss is generated, and the surrounding environment and the personal safety of the periphery can be damaged. Therefore, intelligent detection means are urgently needed to timely and accurately measure the change of the safety state of the pipeline, and the real-time online monitoring of the oil pipeline is particularly important. At present, in the field of oilfield pipes, leakage monitoring of pipelines mainly comprises two types: although the information transmission media are different, the leakage state is indirectly represented mainly by monitoring the changes of temperature, pressure and the like generated during leakage, and a set of reliable method and system for directly representing the leakage state is lacked.
At present, the following problems mainly exist in the technical field:
(1) the conventional electric signal detection mode is easy to interfere, the long-distance signal attenuation is large, and the working condition requirements of high temperature and high pressure in an oil field cannot be met.
(2) Most of conventional optical signal detection modes are light intensity type and interference type, the light intensity type is easily influenced by factors such as fluctuation of a light source and bending loss of optical fibers, the interference type needs to detect change of interference fringes, the interference fringes need to be clear, and then higher requirements are made on stability of light intensity of the light source.
The phenomenon of false alarm can be caused by indirect representation of parameters such as temperature and pressure, because in actual engineering, the axial dimension of a buried gathering and transmission pipeline is large, the environment is also complex, and some uncontrollable environmental factors cause the temperature and other parameters to change. In the conventional leakage detection mode in the prior art, one or more monitoring pipelines are usually arranged outside a pipeline and are combined with an oil field pipeline, a special clamp is required, the construction is complex, the long-term landfill environment is easy to influence or even damage the outer monitoring pipeline, and the service life is short.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an intelligent pipeline leakage monitoring system based on a sensitized fiber grating and a monitoring method thereof.
The intelligent pipeline leakage monitoring system based on the sensitized fiber bragg grating comprises a pipeline system and a fiber bragg grating signal processing system, wherein the pipeline system comprises a composite pipe and the sensitized fiber bragg grating which is axially arranged in the pipe wall of the composite pipe in a penetrating mode, the sensitized fiber bragg grating is connected with a fiber bragg grating temperature compensator, and the fiber bragg grating temperature compensator is used for simulating thermal expansion offset signals of Bragg wavelengths generated in the temperature environment where the sensitized fiber bragg grating is located in the pipeline system; the sensitized fiber grating comprises a fiber grating and modified butyl rubber, wherein the fiber grating is coated by the modified butyl rubber, and the modified butyl rubber can swell after contacting with hydrocarbon crude oil; and the fiber grating signals of the sensitized fiber grating and the fiber grating temperature compensator in the pipeline system are processed by a fiber grating signal processing system.
Further, the fiber grating signal processing system comprises a tunable laser, a spectrum analyzer and an integrated host, wherein the fiber grating offset signal is identified and processed by the spectrum analyzer, and the identified and processed result is displayed on the integrated host.
Further, the fiber bragg grating temperature compensator comprises modified butyl rubber, a fiber bragg grating, an outer metal sleeve and a heating resistance wire, wherein the modified butyl rubber is coated outside the fiber bragg grating, the outer metal sleeve is arranged outside the modified butyl rubber in a sealing mode, and the heating resistance wire is arranged inside the outer metal sleeve and used for heating the outer metal sleeve; and the outer metal sleeve is provided with two through holes for penetrating out of two ends of the heating resistance wire to be connected with a power supply.
Furthermore, the fiber grating temperature compensator also comprises an epoxy resin sealing sleeve and an aluminum pipe, a screw cap is arranged at the end part of the outer metal sleeve, a male thread used for being matched and connected with the screw cap is arranged on the outer side of the aluminum pipe, the aluminum pipe is sleeved on the outer side of the modified butyl rubber, the outer metal sleeve is connected with the aluminum pipe through the screw cap, and the epoxy resin sealing sleeve is tightly and fixedly arranged between the outer metal sleeve and the modified butyl rubber.
Further, the material formula of the modified butyl rubber comprises the following components in parts by weight:
70-80 parts of butyl rubber;
15-20 parts of PE 100-grade high-density polyethylene;
2-5 parts of talcum powder;
1-2 parts of carbon black;
1-2 parts of dioctyl;
3300.5-1 part of antioxidant.
In the sensitized fiber grating in the pipeline system, the coated modified butyl rubber can swell after contacting with hydrocarbon crude oil and enables the fiber grating on the inner layer to generate a swelling offset signal with Bragg wavelength; the sensitized fiber grating in the pipeline system can generate two signals, namely a thermal expansion offset signal generated due to temperature change and a swelling offset signal generated due to swelling change, the total signal of the two signals is marked as X, and the signal X is identified and processed by the fiber grating signal processing system;
meanwhile, a fiber bragg grating temperature compensator connected with the sensitized fiber bragg grating in the pipeline system simulates the temperature environment where the fiber bragg grating is located, a thermal expansion deviation signal generated by the fiber bragg grating temperature compensator is marked as Y, and the signal Y is identified and processed by a fiber bragg grating signal processing system; and judging whether the hydrocarbon crude oil leakage occurs in the pipeline system or not by analyzing the difference between the signal X and the signal Y.
Further, the processing formula of the intelligent pipeline leakage monitoring system based on the sensitized fiber bragg grating is as follows:
in the above formula, λBTo calibrate the Bragg wavelength at temperature without strain, Delta lambdaBFor deflecting signals by thermal expansion and dissolvingBoth of the swelling offset signals cause a total wavelength offset of the bragg wavelength; ke is a strain coefficient which is a constant and is used for measuring the swelling capacity of the fiber bragg grating in a hydrocarbon crude oil environment due to swelling change; kTThe temperature coefficient is a constant and is used for measuring the offset of the Bragg wavelength generated by the temperature change; Δ T represents the temperature difference between the test temperature and the calibration temperature; and epsilon is the swelling elongation of the fiber bragg grating in a hydrocarbon crude oil environment due to swelling change, when epsilon is 0, a leakage signal of no leaked hydrocarbon crude oil in the pipeline system is shown, and when epsilon is more than 0, a leakage signal of leaked hydrocarbon crude oil in the pipeline system is shown.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the fiber bragg grating is a wavelength modulation sensor, the multiplexing capability is strong, a measuring signal is not influenced by factors such as bending loss, continuous loss and light source fluctuation of the optical fiber, the extreme working condition used in the oilfield pipe field can be met, and the measurement precision can realize quasi-distributed measurement on the oilfield pipe long-distance conveying scale by serially connecting a plurality of fiber bragg gratings on one optical fiber.
(2) The invention relates to a sensitized optical fiber grating, in particular to a specific sensitized optical fiber grating sensor, which is mainly characterized in that a specific sensitizing and packaging technology is adopted, the external packaging material of the optical fiber grating is modified butyl rubber, and the modified butyl rubber can generate a reversible swelling phenomenon in a crude oil (hydrocarbon) environment, so that the internal Bragg grating generates deviation to measure a leakage signal, the leakage state is directly represented by the detection of hydrocarbon substances, and the influence of most other interference factors is immunized. And the swelling offset is much larger than the thermal expansion offset generated by temperature change, the error is small, and a temperature compensator is also added into the monitoring system of the invention to further optimize the measurement accuracy.
(3) In the monitoring system, the specific sensitized fiber bragg grating is directly compounded with the interior of the oilfield pipe, a monitoring pipeline does not need to be additionally laid, the construction is rapid, the exterior sleeve layer of the oilfield pipe is protected, the influence of most external interference factors can be isolated while the monitoring system cooperates with the oilfield pipe, and the long-term use requirement under the landfill environment can be met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the whole system of the intelligent pipeline leakage monitoring system based on the sensitized fiber bragg grating;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber grating temperature compensator according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the piping system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of elongation versus treatment time for the modified butyl rubber tube of the present invention in two stages of immersion in and drying from hydrocarbon crude oil.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example (b): compare FIGS. 1-3
An intelligent pipeline leakage monitoring system based on a sensitized fiber grating comprises a pipeline system and a fiber grating signal processing system, wherein the pipeline system comprises a composite pipe and a sensitized fiber grating 8 axially penetrating through the wall of the composite pipe, the sensitized fiber grating 8 is connected with a fiber grating temperature compensator, the fiber grating temperature compensator is used for simulating a thermal expansion offset signal of a Bragg wavelength generated under the temperature environment of the sensitized fiber grating 8 in the pipeline system, and the thermal expansion offset signal generated by the temperature change of the fiber grating is identified and processed by the fiber grating signal processing system; the sensitized fiber grating 8 comprises an inner layer of the fiber grating and an outer coating layer of modified butyl rubber, the modified butyl rubber of the outer coating layer can swell after contacting hydrocarbon crude oil, the fiber grating of the inner layer generates swelling offset signals with Bragg wavelength, and thermal expansion offset signals generated by temperature change of the fiber grating and the swelling offset signals generated by swelling change are identified and processed by a fiber grating signal processing system.
The fiber grating signal processing system comprises a tunable laser, a spectrum analyzer and an integrated host, wherein the fiber grating offset signal is identified and processed by the spectrum analyzer, and the identified and processed result is displayed on the integrated host.
Referring to fig. 1, the monitoring system of the present invention is mainly composed of five parts: the system comprises a pipeline system, a temperature compensator, a tunable laser, a spectrum analyzer and an integrated host, wherein the schematic diagram of the whole system is shown in figure 1. The whole system adopts a modularized design, so that the installation and troubleshooting are convenient, wherein the adjustable laser generates a stable laser light source, the laser safety level meets the Class1 level of IEC60825-1(2007), the highest laser level is reached, and the adjustable laser has no harm to human eyes. The tunable laser is a signal emitter that emits a signal and the spectrum analyzer processes the signal by receiving the signal echo.
The main function of the spectrum analyzer is to identify and process the offset signal of the fiber bragg grating, the main function of the integrated host is to provide an image visual display interface, the position of the optical fiber is mapped to an image through a graphic configuration module, once an alarm occurs at a certain point of the optical fiber, alarm information is directly displayed on the image, and the image is visual.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber grating temperature compensator (referred to as a temperature compensator for short), in which a sensitized fiber grating is composed of two parts: an outer coating of modified butyl rubber 6 and an inner layer of fiber grating 7. The modified butyl rubber is a mixed material which is prepared by mixing a butyl rubber matrix with PE 100-grade resin, adding part of a modifier and an inorganic filler and extruding the mixture through a high-temperature double screw. The butyl rubber has a unique hydrocarbon substance sensitization effect, the swelling phenomenon in a crude oil environment is reversible and can be repeatedly used, the addition of the modifier ensures the physical bonding strength and chemical compatibility of the butyl rubber with an adhesive layer and each structural layer of the pipe in the pipe processing process, the addition of the inorganic filler also ensures the flexibility of optical fibers and simultaneously enhances the mechanical strength, and the main component formula is as follows:
70-80 parts of butyl rubber;
15-20 parts of PE 100-grade high-density polyethylene;
2-5 parts of talcum powder;
1-2 parts of carbon black;
1-2 parts of dioctyl;
3300.5-1 part of antioxidant.
In the material formula of the modified butyl rubber, the talcum powder is an inorganic filler, the butyl rubber is a main material, and the balance is a modifier.
In a comparison graph 2, the fiber bragg grating temperature compensator comprises modified butyl rubber 6, a fiber bragg grating 7, an outer metal sleeve 1 and a heating resistance wire 2, the modified butyl rubber 6 is coated outside the fiber bragg grating 7, the outer metal sleeve 1 is hermetically arranged outside the modified butyl rubber 6, and the heating resistance wire 2 is arranged inside the outer metal sleeve 1 and used for heating the outer metal sleeve; two through holes are arranged on the outer metal sleeve 1 so that two sections of the heating resistance wires 2 can penetrate out to be connected with a power supply. The heating resistance wire 2 is used for realizing temperature compensation of the petroleum pipeline under a high-temperature working condition.
Further, the fiber grating temperature compensator also comprises an epoxy resin sealing sleeve 3 and an aluminum pipe 4, a screw cap 5 is arranged at the end part of the outer metal sleeve 1, a male thread used for being matched with the screw cap 5 is arranged on the outer side of the aluminum pipe 4, the aluminum pipe 4 is sleeved on the outer side of the modified butyl rubber 6, the outer metal sleeve 1 is connected with the aluminum pipe 4 through the screw cap 5, and the epoxy resin sealing sleeve 3 is tightly and fixedly arranged between the outer metal sleeve 1 and the modified butyl rubber 6.
The fiber grating 7, whose main principle is that the strain of the fiber grating in the axial direction causes the bragg wavelength passing through the grating to change, generates an optical signal which is received and processed by the optical spectrum analyzer.
A pipeline monitoring method of an intelligent pipeline leakage monitoring system based on a sensitized fiber grating is characterized in that in a sensitized fiber grating 8 in a pipeline system, an externally coated modified butyl rubber can be swelled after contacting with hydrocarbon crude oil and enables an inner layer of the fiber grating to generate a swelling offset signal with a Bragg wavelength; the sensitized fiber grating 8 in the pipeline system can generate two signals, namely a thermal expansion offset signal generated due to temperature change and a swelling offset signal generated due to swelling change, the total signal of the two signals is marked as X, and the signal X is identified and processed by the fiber grating signal processing system; meanwhile, a fiber bragg grating temperature compensator connected with a sensitized fiber bragg grating 8 in the pipeline system simulates the temperature environment where the fiber bragg grating is located, a thermal expansion deviation signal generated by the fiber bragg grating temperature compensator is marked as Y, and the signal Y is identified and processed by a fiber bragg grating signal processing system; and judging whether the hydrocarbon crude oil leakage occurs in the pipeline system or not by analyzing the difference between the signal X and the signal Y.
The processing formula of the system is as follows:
in the above formula, λBTo calibrate the Bragg wavelength at temperature without strain, Delta lambdaBA total wavelength shift amount representing both the thermal expansion shift signal and the swelling shift signal causing the bragg wavelength, the ratio of which is made up of two parts; ke represents a strain coefficient which is a constant and is used for measuring the swelling capacity of the fiber bragg grating in the hydrocarbon crude oil environment due to swelling change; kTThe temperature coefficient is represented and is a constant for measuring the offset of the Bragg wavelength generated by the temperature change; Δ T represents the temperature difference between the test temperature and the calibration temperature. In the formula, epsilon represents the swelling elongation of the fiber grating in the hydrocarbon crude oil environment due to swelling change, and when the calculation result epsilon is 0, the leakage signal of the hydrocarbon crude oil which is not leaked in the pipeline system is shown; and when the calculated result epsilon is more than 0, indicating that a leakage signal of leaked hydrocarbon crude oil exists in the pipeline system. The whole temperature compensation device is used for eliminating the measurement error of the temperature part, namely K in the formulaT△T。
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a pipeline system combining a pipeline and a specific sensitized optical fiber, wherein two optical fibers are arranged in parallel, and a single-fiber or multi-fiber pipeline combining scheme can be adopted according to actual working conditions and cost budget requirements. The composite pipe in fig. 3 comprises a pipe inner layer 11, a reinforcing layer 10 and an outer sheath layer 9, and optical fibers should be arranged between the reinforcing layer 10 and the outer sheath layer 9 of the composite pipe, so that the optical fibers can be conveniently matched when the composite pipe is extruded. For the adhesive pipeline (such as a steel wire composite pipe), the grafting effect of the hot melt adhesive layer and the modified butyl rubber can ensure enough bonding strength, and for the non-adhesive pipeline (such as a terylene composite pipe), the optical fiber and the reinforcing layer are preferably fixed by driving nail teeth into the reinforcing layer at intervals.
In comparison with fig. 3, a branch pipe 12 is connected from the side of the sensitized fiber grating 8, where the branch pipe 12 is an integral structure in which the modified butyl rubber 6 is coated outside the fiber grating 7 as shown in fig. 2, that is, the branch pipe 12 is assembled with an outer metal sleeve 1, a heating resistance wire 2, an epoxy resin sealing sleeve 3, an aluminum pipe 4 and a nut 5, so as to form the whole structure (i.e., the fiber grating temperature compensator) shown in fig. 2, and realize the installation structure of the fiber grating temperature compensator in the environment of the temperature of the sensitized fiber grating 8 in the simulated pipeline system.
Example 1:
the material formula of the modified butyl rubber comprises the following components in parts by weight:
75 parts of butyl rubber;
18 parts of PE100 grade high-density polyethylene;
3 parts of talcum powder;
1.5 parts of carbon black;
1.5 parts of dioctyl;
3300.7 parts of antioxidant.
The raw materials of the modified butyl rubber are melted and extruded by a single-screw extruder, the temperature of a machine barrel zone is 190 ℃, the temperature of a die head zone is 195 ℃, and then the modified butyl rubber pipe is prepared by vacuum sizing and cooling. In the formula of the modified butyl rubber material, because the inorganic filler and the modifier are added, the modified butyl rubber material has a certain rigidity increasing effect, the elastic modulus is about 950MPa, the elongation at break is about 90 percent, and the use requirement can be met. The change in elongation of the modified butyl rubber caused by temperature was also small, with an elongation of only about 4% at 95 ℃.
Swelling test of modified butyl rubber pipe in hydrocarbon crude oil: the relationship between the elongation of the pipeline and the soaking time of the modified butyl rubber pipe soaked in the hydrocarbon crude oil extracted from five plants in the Changqing oil field is shown in figure 4. It can be seen that after soaking in the hydrocarbon material for about 24 hours, the linear expansion is saturated and the elongation is about 55%. And then taking the pipeline out of the hydrocarbon crude oil for drying, wherein the drying stage is a recovery stage, and drying for 60 hours for gradual recovery.
When a conventional butyl rubber pipe is used as a control experiment, the elongation of the conventional butyl rubber pipe is only below 30% after the conventional butyl rubber pipe is soaked in the hydrocarbon crude oil for 24 hours.
The statements in this specification merely set forth a list of implementations of the inventive concept and the scope of the present invention should not be construed as limited to the particular forms set forth in the examples.
Claims (7)
1. An intelligent pipeline leakage monitoring system based on a sensitized fiber grating is characterized by comprising a pipeline system and a fiber grating signal processing system, wherein the pipeline system comprises a composite pipe and the sensitized fiber grating (8) which axially penetrates through the wall of the composite pipe, the sensitized fiber grating (8) is connected with a fiber grating temperature compensator, and the fiber grating temperature compensator is used for simulating a thermal expansion offset signal of a Bragg wavelength generated in the pipeline system under the temperature environment where the sensitized fiber grating (8) is located; the sensitized fiber grating (8) comprises a fiber grating and modified butyl rubber, the fiber grating is coated by the modified butyl rubber, and the modified butyl rubber can swell after contacting with hydrocarbon crude oil; the fiber grating signals of the sensitized fiber grating (8) and the fiber grating temperature compensator in the pipeline system are processed by a fiber grating signal processing system.
2. The intelligent pipeline leakage monitoring system based on the sensitized fiber grating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fiber grating signal processing system comprises a tunable laser, a spectrum analyzer and an integrated host, the offset signal of the fiber grating is identified and processed by the spectrum analyzer, and the identified and processed result is displayed on the integrated host.
3. The intelligent pipeline leakage monitoring system based on the sensitized fiber bragg grating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fiber bragg grating temperature compensator comprises modified butyl rubber (6), a fiber bragg grating (7), an outer metal sleeve (1) and a heating resistance wire (2), the modified butyl rubber (6) is coated outside the fiber bragg grating (7), the outer metal sleeve (1) is hermetically arranged on the outer side of the modified butyl rubber (6), and the heating resistance wire (2) is arranged inside the outer metal sleeve (1); the outer metal sleeve (1) is provided with two through holes for the two ends of the heating resistance wire (2) to penetrate out to be connected with a power supply.
4. The intelligent pipeline leakage monitoring system based on the sensitized fiber bragg grating as claimed in claim 3, wherein the fiber bragg grating temperature compensator further comprises an epoxy resin sealing sleeve (3) and an aluminum pipe (4), a nut (5) is arranged at the end of the outer metal sleeve (1), a male thread for matching with the connecting nut (5) is arranged on the outer side of the aluminum pipe (4), the aluminum pipe (4) is sleeved on the outer side of the modified butyl rubber (6), the outer metal sleeve (1) is connected with the aluminum pipe (4) through the nut (5), and the epoxy resin sealing sleeve (3) is fixedly arranged between the outer metal sleeve (1) and the modified butyl rubber (6).
5. The intelligent pipeline leakage monitoring system based on the sensitized fiber bragg grating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material formula of the modified butyl rubber comprises the following components in parts by weight:
70-80 parts of butyl rubber;
15-20 parts of PE 100-grade high-density polyethylene;
2-5 parts of talcum powder;
1-2 parts of carbon black;
1-2 parts of dioctyl;
3300.5-1 part of antioxidant.
6. The pipeline monitoring method of the intelligent pipeline leakage monitoring system based on the sensitized fiber grating is characterized in that in the sensitized fiber grating (8) in the pipeline system, the coated modified butyl rubber can swell after contacting with hydrocarbon crude oil and enables the fiber grating on the inner layer to generate a swelling offset signal of a Bragg wavelength; the sensitized fiber grating (8) in the pipeline system can generate two signals, namely a thermal expansion offset signal generated by temperature change and a swelling offset signal generated by swelling change, the total signal of the two signals is marked as X, and the signal X is identified and processed by a fiber grating signal processing system;
meanwhile, a fiber bragg grating temperature compensator connected with a sensitized fiber bragg grating (8) in the pipeline system simulates the temperature environment where the fiber bragg grating is located, a thermal expansion deviation signal generated by the fiber bragg grating temperature compensator is marked as Y, and the signal Y is identified and processed by a fiber bragg grating signal processing system;
and judging whether the hydrocarbon crude oil leakage occurs in the pipeline system or not by analyzing the difference between the signal X and the signal Y.
7. The pipeline monitoring method of claim 6,
the processing formula of the thermal expansion offset signal and the swelling offset signal generated by swelling change is as follows:
in the above formula, λBTo calibrate the Bragg wavelength at temperature without strain, Δ λBA total wavelength offset amount that causes a Bragg wavelength for both the thermal expansion offset signal and the swelling offset signal; ke is a strain coefficient which is a constant and is used for measuring the swelling capacity of the fiber bragg grating in a hydrocarbon crude oil environment due to swelling change; kTThe temperature coefficient is a constant and is used for measuring the offset of the Bragg wavelength generated by the temperature change; Δ T represents the temperature difference between the test temperature and the calibration temperature; and epsilon is the swelling elongation of the fiber bragg grating in a hydrocarbon crude oil environment due to swelling change, when epsilon is 0, a leakage signal of no leaked hydrocarbon crude oil in the pipeline system is shown, and when epsilon is more than 0, a leakage signal of leaked hydrocarbon crude oil in the pipeline system is shown.
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