CN114483236A - Thermal power generating unit low-temperature waste heat power generation system based on organic Rankine cycle - Google Patents

Thermal power generating unit low-temperature waste heat power generation system based on organic Rankine cycle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114483236A
CN114483236A CN202111564512.7A CN202111564512A CN114483236A CN 114483236 A CN114483236 A CN 114483236A CN 202111564512 A CN202111564512 A CN 202111564512A CN 114483236 A CN114483236 A CN 114483236A
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China
Prior art keywords
waste heat
thermal power
temperature waste
power generating
unit low
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CN202111564512.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
郑立军
严新荣
鞠浩然
高新勇
庄荣
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Huadian Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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Huadian Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202111564512.7A priority Critical patent/CN114483236A/en
Publication of CN114483236A publication Critical patent/CN114483236A/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators

Abstract

The invention relates to a thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation system based on organic Rankine cycle, which comprises at least one thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation module, wherein the thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation modules are arranged in series, parallel or series-parallel; the thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation module comprises a box body, a hot water loop, a cold water loop and an organic working medium loop, wherein the hot water loop, the cold water loop and the organic working medium loop are all arranged in the box body, the hot water loop is communicated with a heated surface of the thermal power unit, the cold water loop is communicated with a cold source, and the organic working medium loop is communicated with the hot water loop and the cold water loop. In the technical scheme, each thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation module is arranged in the box body, so that the movement and the assembly are convenient, and meanwhile, the plurality of thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation modules are connected in series, in parallel or in series-parallel to build thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation systems with different power grades, so that the heating surfaces of the thermal power units with different heat release powers are matched, and the applicability of the thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation systems is improved.

Description

Thermal power generating unit low-temperature waste heat power generation system based on organic Rankine cycle
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of low-temperature waste heat power generation, in particular to a thermal power generating unit low-temperature waste heat power generation system based on organic Rankine cycle.
Background
The heat loss of the thermal power generating unit directly exhausted into the atmosphere in the power generation process accounts for considerable proportion of primary energy, and a large amount of low-temperature low-grade heat is released in a centralized manner, so that great waste of energy resources is caused. In order to achieve the aim of maximizing the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the energy of the thermal power generating unit, how to reasonably recycle the waste heat becomes a technical key point. A low-temperature waste heat power generation system is additionally arranged on a related heat release surface, so that low-grade heat energy can be converted into high-grade electric energy, and the energy utilization rate of a unit is improved. Due to the fact that the specific conditions of waste heat heating surfaces in different thermal power generating units are different, the modular low-temperature waste heat power generation system can be designed to effectively improve flexibility and applicability of application and arrangement of the low-temperature waste heat power generation system under different unit conditions, design and manufacturing cost is reduced, low-temperature waste heat of the thermal power generating units is recovered in a universal mode, and energy utilization rate of the units is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a thermal power generating unit low-temperature waste heat power generating system based on organic Rankine cycle, and aims to solve the problem of how to effectively improve the flexibility and the applicability of application and arrangement of the low-temperature waste heat power generating system under different unit conditions.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation system based on organic Rankine cycle comprises at least one thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation module, wherein the thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation modules are arranged in series, parallel or series-parallel;
the low-temperature waste heat power generation module of the thermal power generating unit comprises a box body, a hot water loop, a cold water loop and an organic working medium loop, wherein the hot water loop, the cold water loop and the organic working medium loop are all arranged in the box body;
preferably, hot water loops in the low-temperature waste heat power generation modules of the thermal power generating units are communicated to realize series connection; or the low-temperature waste heat power generation modules of the thermal power generating unit are respectively and directly communicated with the heating surfaces of the thermal power generating unit to realize parallel connection, or the series connection is regarded as an integral branch, a plurality of integral branches are connected in parallel, and the parallel-serial operation of the low-temperature waste heat power generation modules of the thermal power generating unit is realized.
Preferably, the hot water loop comprises a steam generator, a hot water inlet arranged on the steam generator, and a hot water outlet arranged on the steam generator, and the hot water inlet and the hot water outlet are both communicated with the heating surface of the thermal power generating unit.
Preferably, the hot water inlet and the hot water outlet are provided at a hot side of the steam generator.
Preferably, the organic working medium loop comprises a steam generator, a steam turbine, a condenser, a working medium pump and a generator, wherein the generator is communicated with the steam turbine, the cold side of the steam generator is communicated with the steam turbine, the steam turbine is communicated with the hot side of the condenser, the hot side of the condenser is communicated with the working medium pump, and the working medium pump is communicated with the cold side of the steam generator to form the organic working medium loop.
Preferably, the steam turbine is in communication with the generator via a main shaft.
Preferably, the cold water loop comprises a condenser, a cold water inlet arranged on the condenser and a cold water outlet arranged on the condenser, and the cold water inlet and the cold water outlet are both communicated with a cold source.
Preferably, the cold water inlet and the cold water outlet are both connected to the cold side of the condenser.
Preferably, a supporting plate is arranged between the low-temperature waste heat power generation modules of the thermal power generating unit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation system based on the organic Rankine cycle provided in the technical scheme at least comprises a thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation module, the thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation module is connected with a cold water loop and a hot water loop through an organic working medium loop, so that the organic liquid working medium in the organic working medium loop absorbs heat in the hot water loop and is changed into organic gaseous working medium to drive the generator in the organic working medium loop to generate electricity, the organic gaseous working medium is condensed into organic liquid working medium in the cold water loop to continue the circulation, the low-temperature waste heat is recycled to the maximum extent to generate electricity, the optimization of the thermal efficiency is realized, the low-temperature waste heat generating module of the thermal power unit is packaged in the box body, the design and manufacturing cost is reduced, the low-temperature waste heat of the thermal power generating unit is recovered in a general mode, the energy utilization rate of the thermal power generating unit is improved, and meanwhile the flexibility and the applicability of the arrangement of the low-temperature waste heat power generating module of the thermal power generating unit are improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal power generating unit low-temperature waste heat power generation module provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a thermal power generating unit low-temperature waste heat power generation system based on an organic rankine cycle provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a steam generator; 11. a hot water inlet; 12. a hot water outlet; 2. a steam turbine; 3. a generator; 4. a condenser; 41. a cold water inlet; 42. a cold water outlet; 5. a working medium pump; 6. a box body; 7. a support plate; 8. thermal power unit low temperature waste heat power generation module.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a thermal power generating unit low-temperature waste heat power generating system based on organic Rankine cycle, which comprises at least one thermal power generating unit low-temperature waste heat power generating module 8, wherein the thermal power generating unit low-temperature waste heat power generating module 8 comprises a box body 6, a hot water loop, a cold water loop and an organic working medium loop, the hot water loop, the cold water loop and the organic working medium loop are all arranged in the box body 6, the hot water loop is communicated with a heating surface of the thermal power generating unit and exchanges heat with the heating surface of the thermal power generating unit to absorb heat, and the cold water loop is connected to a cold source and exchanges heat with the cold source to release heat; the organic working medium loop is communicated with the hot water loop and the cold water loop, low-temperature waste heat power generation is realized through heat exchange, and the low-temperature waste heat power generation module 8 of the thermal power generating unit can independently operate or operate in a combined mode so as to meet the actual conditions of heating surfaces of different thermal power generating units, the low-temperature waste heat power generation is recycled to the greatest extent, and the optimization of the thermal efficiency of the thermal power generating unit is realized.
The hot water loop comprises a steam generator 1, a hot side of the steam generator 1 is respectively provided with a hot water inlet 11 and a hot water outlet 12, the hot water inlet 11 and the hot water outlet 12 are both connected to a heated surface of the thermal power generating unit, namely the hot water inlet 11, the hot side of the steam generator 1, the hot water outlet 12 and the heated surface of the thermal power generating unit form a hot water loop, a hot water working medium flows in from the hot water inlet 11, the hot water working medium releases heat through the hot side of the steam generator 1, the hot side of the steam generator 1 absorbs the heat, the temperature of the hot water working medium is reduced, the hot water working medium flows out from the hot water outlet 12 and returns to the heated surface of the thermal power generating unit to be heated continuously, and a cycle is completed.
The organic working medium loop is a working loop for completing organic Rankine cycle and comprises a steam generator 1, a steam turbine 2, a condenser 4, a working medium pump 5 and a generator 3, wherein the steam turbine 2 is communicated with the generator 3 through a main shaft, the cold side of the steam generator 1 is communicated with the steam turbine 2, the steam turbine 2 is communicated with the hot side of the condenser 4, the hot side of the condenser 4 is communicated with the working medium pump 5, and the working medium pump 5 is communicated with the cold side of the steam generator 1 to form the organic working medium loop; the existence of the hot water loop enables the temperature of the steam generator 1 to rise, organic liquid working medium in the organic working medium loop flows into the cold side of the steam generator 1, absorbs heat and carries out phase change to obtain organic gaseous working medium, and the organic gaseous working medium flows into the steam turbine 2 to work, so that the generator 3 is driven to generate electricity, and heat energy is converted into electric energy; the exhaust steam flow of the steam turbine 2 flows into the hot side of the condenser 4, heat is released for condensation to obtain an organic liquid working medium, and the organic liquid working medium flows back to the cold side of the steam generator 1 under the driving of the working medium pump 5 to complete an organic Rankine cycle.
The cold water loop mainly has the function of cooling the condenser 4, and the organic gaseous working medium can be condensed in the condenser 4 to obtain an organic liquid working medium; the cold water loop mainly comprises a condenser 4, a cold water inlet 41 and a cold water outlet 42 are respectively arranged on the cold side of the condenser 4, the cold water inlet 41 and the cold water outlet 42 are both connected to a cold source, namely, the cold water inlet 41, the cold side of the condenser 4, the cold water outlet 42 and the cold source form the cold water loop, a cooling water working medium flows into the condenser 4 from the cold water inlet 41, the cooling water absorbs heat through the cold side of the condenser 4, the temperature of the condenser 4 is reduced, so that the organic gaseous working medium is condensed, the cooling water flows out from the cold water outlet 42 and returns to the cold source, and a cycle is completed.
Hot water loops in the low-temperature waste heat power generation modules 8 of the thermal power generating units can be communicated with one another to realize series connection, and particularly, a hot water outlet 12 of the hot water loop in one low-temperature waste heat power generation module 8 of the thermal power generating unit is connected to a hot water inlet 11 of the hot water loop in the other low-temperature waste heat power generation module 8 of the thermal power generating unit, so that the plurality of low-temperature waste heat power generation modules 8 of the thermal power generating units are arranged in series; or each thermal power generating unit low-temperature waste heat power generating module 8 is respectively communicated with the heating surface of the thermal power generating unit, and each thermal power generating unit low-temperature waste heat power generating module 8 is arranged in parallel and keeps the parallel connection relationship to operate; or, each thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation module 8 arranged in series is regarded as an integral branch, and a plurality of branches are respectively communicated with the heating surface of the thermal power unit, namely the plurality of branches are arranged in parallel, so that the series-parallel arrangement is realized.
The plurality of thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation modules 8 are arranged in series, parallel or series-parallel, so that the thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation system based on organic Rankine cycle with different power can be built, the heating surfaces of the thermal power units with different heat release power are matched, and the applicability is high.
As shown in fig. 1, the thermal power generating unit low-temperature waste heat power generating module 8 provided by the invention is based on organic rankine cycle, and the working process thereof can be illustrated as follows: the hot water working medium is just like the hot side of the steam generator 1 from the hot water inlet 11, the hot water working medium releases heat to reduce the temperature, the temperature of the heat absorbed by the steam generator 1 is increased, and the hot water working medium flows out from the hot water outlet 12 and returns to the heating surface of the thermal power generating unit to absorb heat to continue the circulation; organic liquid working media in the organic working medium loop flow through the cold side of the steam generator 1, absorb heat to change phase, and are evaporated into organic gaseous working media, and the organic gaseous working media flow into the steam turbine 2 to do work to drive the generator 3 to generate electricity, so that heat energy is converted into electric energy; meanwhile, the exhaust steam of the steam turbine 2 flows into the hot side of the condenser 4, meanwhile, a cold water working medium flows into the cold side of the condenser 4 through a cold water inlet 41, the cold water working medium absorbs heat and is heated, then flows out of the condenser 4 through a cold water outlet 42 and returns to the cold source, the condenser 4 releases heat and is cooled, the exhaust steam flows into the hot side of the condenser 4 and then is condensed into a liquid organic working medium, and therefore the organic working medium loop circulation is continuously completed.
In one embodiment, the hot water loop, the organic working medium loop and the cold water loop form a thermal power generating unit low-temperature waste heat power generating module 8, and the thermal power generating unit low-temperature waste heat power generating modules 8 can be connected in series, in parallel or in a series-parallel combination mode for operation; the method is suitable for the actual conditions of heating surfaces of different thermal power generating units, low-temperature waste heat is recycled to the maximum extent to generate electricity, and the optimization of the thermal efficiency of the units is realized.
In one embodiment, the supporting plates 7 are arranged between the low-temperature waste heat power generation modules 8 of the thermal power generating units, so that the overall supporting strength of the low-temperature waste heat power generation system of the thermal power generating units can be guaranteed, the supporting plates 7 between the low-temperature waste heat power generation modules 8 of the thermal power generating units are beneficial to heat dissipation between the power generation modules 8, and the service life of the low-temperature waste heat power generation system of the thermal power generating units is prolonged.
The thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation module 8 provided by the invention is connected to the cold water loop and the hot water loop through the organic working medium loop, so that an organic liquid working medium in the organic working medium loop absorbs heat in the hot water loop and is changed into an organic gaseous working medium to drive the generator 3 in the organic working medium loop to generate power, the organic gaseous working medium is condensed into the organic liquid working medium in the cold water loop to continue the circulation, the low-temperature waste heat power generation is recycled to the maximum extent, the optimization of the thermal efficiency is realized, the thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation module 8 is packaged in the box body 6, the design and manufacturing cost is reduced, the thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat is recycled in a general way, the energy utilization rate of the thermal power unit is improved, and meanwhile, the flexibility and the applicability of the arrangement of the thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation module 8 are improved.
The thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation system based on the organic Rankine cycle at least comprises one thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation module 8, each thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation module 8 is arranged in the box body 6, movement and assembly of the thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation modules 8 are facilitated, and meanwhile the multiple thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation modules 8 can be connected in series, in parallel or in series and in parallel, so that thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation systems with different power grades are built, thermal power unit heating surfaces with different heat release powers are matched, and the applicability of the thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation system is improved.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation system based on the organic Rankine cycle is characterized by comprising at least one thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation module (8), wherein the thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation modules (8) are arranged in series, parallel or series-parallel;
the thermal power generating unit low-temperature waste heat power generation module comprises a box body (6), a hot water loop, a cold water loop and an organic working medium loop, wherein the hot water loop, the cold water loop and the organic working medium loop are all arranged in the box body (6), the hot water loop is communicated with a heating surface of the thermal power generating unit, the cold water loop is communicated with a cold source, and the organic working medium loop is communicated with the hot water loop and the cold water loop.
2. The thermal power generating unit low-temperature waste heat power generating system based on the organic Rankine cycle as claimed in claim 1, wherein hot water loops in the thermal power generating unit low-temperature waste heat power generating modules (8) are communicated to realize series connection; or each thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation module (8) is directly communicated with the heating surface of the thermal power unit respectively to realize parallel connection, or the series connection is regarded as an integral branch, a plurality of integral branches are connected in parallel, and the series-parallel connection operation of the thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation modules (8) is realized.
3. The thermal power unit low-temperature waste heat power generation system based on the organic Rankine cycle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hot water loop comprises a steam generator (1), a hot water inlet (11) arranged on the steam generator (1) and a hot water outlet (12) arranged on the steam generator (1), and the hot water inlet (11) and the hot water outlet (12) are both communicated with a heated surface of the thermal power unit.
4. The thermal power generating unit low-temperature waste heat power generating system based on the organic Rankine cycle as claimed in claim 3, wherein the hot water inlet (11) and the hot water outlet (12) are arranged on the hot side of the steam generator (1).
5. The thermal power generating unit low-temperature waste heat power generating system based on the organic Rankine cycle is characterized in that the organic working medium loop comprises a steam generator (1), a steam turbine (2), a condenser (4), a working medium pump (5) and a generator (3), wherein the generator (3) is communicated with the steam turbine (2), the cold side of the steam generator (1) is communicated with the steam turbine (2), the steam turbine (2) is communicated with the hot side of the condenser (4), the hot side of the condenser (4) is communicated with the working medium pump (5), and the working medium pump (5) is communicated with the cold side of the steam generator (1) to form the organic working medium loop.
6. The thermal power generating unit low-temperature waste heat power generating system based on the organic Rankine cycle as claimed in claim 5, wherein the steam turbine (2) is communicated with the generator (3) through a main shaft.
7. The thermal power generating unit low-temperature waste heat power generation system based on the organic Rankine cycle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cold water loop comprises a condenser (4), a cold water inlet (41) arranged on the condenser (4) and a cold water outlet (42) arranged on the condenser (4), and the cold water inlet (41) and the cold water outlet (42) are both communicated with a cold source.
8. The organic Rankine cycle-based thermal power generating unit low-temperature waste heat power generating system according to claim 7, wherein the cold water inlet (41) and the cold water outlet (42) are both connected to the cold side of the condenser (4).
9. The thermal power generating unit low-temperature waste heat power generating system based on the organic Rankine cycle as claimed in claim 1, wherein a support plate (7) is arranged between the thermal power generating unit low-temperature waste heat power generating modules (8).
CN202111564512.7A 2021-12-20 2021-12-20 Thermal power generating unit low-temperature waste heat power generation system based on organic Rankine cycle Pending CN114483236A (en)

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