CN114483145A - Large underground engineering cavern construction ventilation system and ventilation method thereof - Google Patents
Large underground engineering cavern construction ventilation system and ventilation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114483145A CN114483145A CN202210131396.8A CN202210131396A CN114483145A CN 114483145 A CN114483145 A CN 114483145A CN 202210131396 A CN202210131396 A CN 202210131396A CN 114483145 A CN114483145 A CN 114483145A
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- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 5
- 206010057071 Rectal tenesmus Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000012271 tenesmus Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/10—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/42—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof
- B01D46/48—Removing dust other than cleaning filters, e.g. by using collecting trays
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/04—Air ducts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/04—Air ducts
- E21F1/06—Duct connections
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/08—Ventilation arrangements in connection with air ducts, e.g. arrangements for mounting ventilators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/08—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D13/00—Large underground chambers; Methods or apparatus for making them
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Geology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ventilation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of water delivery power generation systems, and discloses a large underground engineering cavern construction ventilation system which comprises a pipeline part and an exhaust mechanism, wherein the pipeline part comprises a main plant, a main transformer chamber and a tail water surge chamber which are sequentially communicated, the top side of the main plant is communicated with an upwards extending underground wind delivery tunnel, the rear side of the main transformer chamber is provided with an exhaust vertical shaft, and the upper side of the tail water surge chamber is communicated with a ventilation hole. Has the advantages that: according to the invention, the installation mode that the existing fan is directly suspended and fixed on the tunnel top is replaced by the separated arched bearing guide rail support, so that the axial flow fan is separated from the tunnel top, the axial flow fan is more convenient to install and position, the defect that the existing fixing mode is easy to loosen after blasting in the tunnel is overcome, the position of the axial flow fan is more convenient to adjust, the air inlet end of the axial flow fan is provided with the filtering component for actively filtering and collecting impurities in air, dust filtering and discharging are realized by utilizing the pressure rotation of a plurality of groups of filter plates outside the synchronizing shaft, and the fan and an air duct do not need to be cleaned manually.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of water delivery and power generation systems, and particularly relates to a ventilation system for large underground engineering cavern construction and a ventilation method thereof.
Background
The ventilation problem of underground powerhouse and other large-scale underground cavern groups during construction in hydroelectric engineering is a very complicated problem, at present, the research on the aspect is not many at home and abroad, mature design and calculation theory basically do not exist, the reference of mature experience is few, the construction is often poor in ventilation effect due to improper ventilation design, unnecessary investment is added to construction, the construction air environment is severe, the engineering progress is severely restricted, the underground powerhouse cavern group is large in scale, more in fork, long in line, few in outlet, large in buried depth and high in humidity, and a construction branch hole and a diversion tunnel are dug by using a single heading machine, and a tail water tunnel is dug by using a cantilever type heading machine, so that ventilation and smoke dissipation are difficult, and a ventilation system is required to be arranged in a large underground engineering cavern region for active ventilation.
The applicant finds that at least the following technical problems exist in the prior art: most of the existing ventilation systems adopt pure press-in ventilation before the upper layers of underground powerhouses and main transformer holes are not communicated, specifically, an axial flow fan is fixed on the top side of a hole, a port is externally connected with a flame-retardant canvas air duct and is suspended on a hole top arch, and press-in air supply is carried out on an excavation face;
meanwhile, the existing axial flow fan is externally connected with a canvas air duct extending along the length direction of the cavern, and dust sucked into the air duct by the fan is difficult to clean after being gathered in a large amount, so that the problem that the air duct is not smooth in air exhaust or even falls down in an underground working area is easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a ventilation system for the large underground engineering cavern construction and a ventilation method thereof, wherein the installation mode that the existing fan is directly suspended and fixed on the top of the cavern is replaced by a separated arched bearing guide rail support, and the axial flow fan is separated from the top of the cavern, so that the axial flow fan is more convenient to install and position and convenient to adjust the position, and the defect that the existing fixing mode is easy to loosen after blasting in the cavern is overcome; and set up the filtering component who initiatively filters and collect impurity in the air at axial fan air inlet end, need not artifical clearance fan and wind channel, reduce personnel's amount of labour, and solve the long-term collection dirt of wind channel and cause exhaust unsmooth and dryer tenesmus problem, the practicality is strong, sees the explanation below in detail.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a large underground engineering grotto construction ventilation system which comprises a pipeline part and an exhaust mechanism, wherein the pipeline part comprises a main workshop, a main transformer chamber and a tail water surge chamber which are sequentially communicated, the top side of the main workshop is communicated with an upwards extending underground air supply tunnel, the rear side of the main transformer chamber is provided with an exhaust vertical shaft, the upper side of the tail water surge chamber is communicated with a vent hole, and the underground air supply tunnel, the exhaust vertical shaft and the interior of the vent hole are respectively provided with the exhaust mechanism.
Exhaust mechanism includes axial fan and supports this axial fan and be fixed in the bearing guide rail of cavern face blasting position, axial fan openly tip intercommunication has the air inlet fill, and this air inlet fill openly opening part is provided with the air inlet groove, just the air inlet fill bottom side is vertical to run through there is the auxiliary tank, axial fan the place ahead is provided with filtering component, filtering component is including being fixed in the storage fill of air inlet fill openly below, storage fill top opening part is provided with the collecting vat, just the storage fill rear side is provided with the bearing groove, should store the fill with the air inlet fill meets the department and rotates and be provided with the synchronizing shaft, and the outer circumferencial side of circumference of this synchronizing shaft is fixed with four group's mesh form filter plates, and four group the filter plate respectively with the air inlet groove the auxiliary tank the collecting vat and the bearing groove is parallel and level mutually.
Preferably, two groups of ratchet rotating seats are arranged on two sides of the storage hopper corresponding to the synchronizing shafts, the synchronizing shafts rotate in one direction with the storage hopper through the ratchet rotating seats, and blocking pieces are arranged on the outer edge of the filter plate.
Preferably, the separation blade with the department that meets of filter plate is provided with spacing axle, just the separation blade passes through spacing axle with filter plate normal running fit, spacing off-axial side cover is equipped with the torsional spring, this torsional spring one end support tightly in the separation blade is kept away from filter plate one side, just the torsional spring other end support tightly in the filter plate outside.
Preferably, the bottom side of the bearing guide rail is transversely connected with an underframe, the end face of the bearing guide rail is of a C-shaped structure, a T-shaped sliding block is fixed on the top side of the axial flow fan, the axial flow fan is in sliding fit with the bearing guide rail through the sliding block, and an installation groove is formed in the inner side of the bearing guide rail on one side of the top of the underframe.
Preferably, a winch is fixed to one side, close to the mounting groove, of the top of the underframe, a hollow strip-shaped air bag belt is wound on the outer side of the winch, and the outer free end of the air bag belt penetrates through the mounting groove and extends to the inner side of the supporting guide rail.
Preferably, the other end of the air bag belt penetrates out of the side close to the axial flow fan along the length direction of the bearing guide rail, a butterfly valve for controlling the opening and closing state of the rear side air outlet end of the axial flow fan is arranged at the rear side air outlet end of the axial flow fan, a guide pipe is arranged at the side close to the air bag belt of the axial flow fan, and the axial flow fan is communicated with the air bag belt through the guide pipe.
Preferably, the middle of the guide pipe is provided with an electromagnetic valve, a plurality of groups of lock holes are densely distributed in the front side and the rear side of the air bag belt along the length direction of the air bag belt, a restraint frame is fixed on the top side of the bottom frame outside the winch, the restraint frame is a C-shaped frame with a downward opening, an air cylinder with a downward telescopic end is fixed on the top side of the restraint frame, and the telescopic end of the air cylinder is fixed with a U-shaped lock frame which is clamped into the lock holes to compress the air bag belt.
Preferably, the main building outside is provided with the power station intake chamber, and the intercommunication has diversion tunnel between this power station intake chamber and the main building, tail water surge chamber is kept away from main room one side of changing is provided with many transverse extension's tail water hole, and many the vertical align to grid of tail water hole.
The ventilation method of the large underground engineering cavern construction ventilation system comprises the following steps:
a. presetting the working position of an axial flow fan, adjusting the length of an air bag belt expanded on a winch according to the set position, then closing a butterfly valve and opening an electromagnetic valve, communicating the axial flow fan with the air bag belt through a guide pipe, at the moment, opening the axial flow fan to inflate the guide pipe and the air bag belt, inflating and expanding the air bag belt in a compressed state, so as to push the axial flow fan and a top side sliding block to slide along a bearing guide rail by utilizing the inflated air bag belt, after the axial flow fan slides to the set installation position, placing and positioning the axial flow fan to the set working position by utilizing the air bag belt, then closing the electromagnetic valve to keep the locking and tightening state of the air bag belt to the position of the axial flow fan, and completing the moving and installing actions of the axial flow fan to the set position on the bearing guide rail;
b. opening a butterfly valve to discharge air sucked by an axial flow fan outwards to promote the air flow in the underground engineering cavern, continuously feeding air into an air inlet hopper at the front port of the axial flow fan, filtering the air sucked by the axial flow fan by a group of filter plates tightly propped against the air inlet side in advance, and realizing air inlet filtering operation by matching two groups of filter plates between a storage hopper and an opening of the air inlet hopper;
c. the inboard dust of two sets of filter plates between air inlet tank and the collecting vat lasts the gathering, when the elasticity of filter plate outside torsional spring is overcome to the dust gravity of collecting vat upside filter plate upper surface accumulation, separation blade cooperation torsional spring is relieved the supporting role of a set of filter plate on collecting vat top side, a set of filter plate in the collecting vat is to storing the upset in the fill this moment, multiunit filter plate rotates 90 degrees in step under the support of synchronizing shaft, two sets of filter plates filter out and the dust of collecting between air inlet tank and the collecting vat is emptyd and is stored in the fill, later get into next time and filter the collection dirt process, realize the automatic accumulation and the discharge process of dust on the filter plate.
Has the advantages that: according to the invention, the installation mode that the existing fan is directly suspended and fixed on the top of the tunnel is replaced by the separated arched bearing guide rail support, so that the axial flow fan is separated from the top of the tunnel, the axial flow fan is more convenient to install and position, the defect that the existing fixing mode is easy to loosen after blasting in the tunnel is improved, and the axial flow fan is more convenient to adjust; and set up the filtering component who initiatively filters and collect impurity in the air at axial fan air inlet end, utilize synchronizing shaft outside multiunit filter plate pressurized rotation to realize that the dust filters and discharges, need not artifical clearance fan and wind channel, reduce personnel's amount of labour, and solve the long-term not smooth and dryer tenesmus problem of airing exhaust that leads to the fact of collecting dirt in the wind channel, the practicality is strong.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a front view structural diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the support rail of the present invention;
figure 4 is a schematic perspective view of the support rail of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the structure of FIG. 4 according to the present invention;
figure 6 is a schematic illustration of a split construction of the support rail of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of an axial flow fan according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of an axial flow fan according to another aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the axial flow fan of the present invention, shown disassembled;
fig. 10 is a schematic perspective view of a filter plate according to the present invention.
The reference numerals are explained below:
1. a power station water inlet tank; 2. a diversion tunnel; 3. a main plant; 301. an underground wind delivery tunnel; 4. a main transformer chamber; 401. an air exhaust vertical shaft; 5. a tail water surge chamber; 501. a ventilation hole; 6. a tail water hole; 7. supporting the guide rail; 701. a chassis; 702. mounting grooves; 703. a winch; 704. an air bag belt; 705. a lock hole; 706. a restraint frame; 707. a cylinder; 708. a lock frame; 8. an axial flow fan; 801. a slider; 802. a butterfly valve; 803. a guide tube; 804. an air inlet hopper; 804a and an air inlet tank; 804b, an auxiliary groove; 9. a filter assembly; 901. a storage hopper; 901a, a collecting tank; 901b, a supporting groove; 902. a ratchet wheel rotating seat; 903. a synchronizing shaft; 904. filtering the plate; 905. a baffle plate; 906. a limiting shaft; 906a, torsion spring.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-10, the invention provides a large underground engineering cavern construction ventilation system, which comprises a pipeline part and an exhaust mechanism, wherein the exhaust mechanism is arranged on the inner side of the pipeline part so as to promote air flow in the pipeline part by using the exhaust mechanism, the pipeline part comprises a main factory building 3, a main transformer chamber 4 and a tail water surge chamber 5 which are sequentially communicated, the top side of the main factory building 3 is communicated with an underground air supply tunnel 301 which extends upwards, the rear side of the main transformer chamber 4 is provided with an exhaust vertical shaft 401, the upper side of the tail water surge chamber 5 is communicated with an air vent 501, and the insides of the underground air supply tunnel 301, the exhaust vertical shaft 401 and the air vent 501 are all provided with the exhaust mechanism to ensure that air in the pipeline part is in a continuous flow state so as to keep a normal air state which meets the use of constructors and instruments in the underground engineering cavern.
The exhaust mechanism comprises an axial flow fan 8 and a bearing guide rail 7 for supporting the axial flow fan 8 to be fixed at the blasting position of the tunnel face of the cavern, the front end part of the axial flow fan 8 is communicated with an air inlet hopper 804, an air inlet groove 804a is arranged at the opening of the front face of the air inlet hopper 804, an auxiliary groove 804b vertically penetrates through the bottom side of the air inlet hopper 804, a filter assembly 9 is arranged in front of the axial flow fan 8, the filter assembly 9 comprises a storage hopper 901 fixed below the front face of the air inlet hopper 804, a collecting groove 901a is arranged at the opening of the top of the storage hopper 901, a bearing bracket 901b is arranged at the rear side of the storage hopper 901, a synchronizing shaft 903 is rotatably arranged at the joint of the storage hopper 901 and the air inlet hopper 804, four groups of mesh filter plates 904 are fixed around the outer circumferential side of the synchronizing shaft 903, and the four groups of filter plates are respectively flush with the air inlet groove 804a, the auxiliary groove 804b, the collecting groove 901a and the bearing bracket 901b, so as to cover the openings of the air inlet hopper 804 and the storage hopper 901 by the four groups of filter plates 904, to prevent dust from entering the air inlet hopper 804 or flying out of the storage hopper 901.
As an optional embodiment, two sets of ratchet rotating seats 902 are arranged on two outer sides of the storage hopper 901 corresponding to the synchronizing shaft 903, the synchronizing shaft 903 rotates unidirectionally with the storage hopper 901 through the ratchet rotating seats 902, and a blocking piece 905 is arranged on the outer edge of the filter plate 904, so that it is ensured that the upper side of the group of filter plates 904 above the collecting tank 901a can only rotate downwards into the storage hopper 901 after collecting dust, so as to ensure that the dust filtered by the filter plates 904 can only be overturned downwards and poured into the storage hopper 901 for storage, and the dust collected in the storage hopper 901 due to the inversion of the filter plates 904 is prevented from being discharged outwards, thereby realizing the automatic collection process of the filtered dust.
The connection part of the blocking piece 905 and the filter plate 904 is provided with a limiting shaft 906, the blocking piece 905 is in running fit with the filter plate 904 through the limiting shaft 906, the outer side of the limiting shaft 906 is sleeved with a torsion spring 906a, one end of the torsion spring 906a abuts against one side, far away from the filter plate 904, of the blocking piece 905, and the other end of the torsion spring 906a abuts against the outer side of the filter plate 904.
Carrying out cultivation at 43.61 m/s on the tunnel ventilation quantity output by the axial flow fan 8 into the cavern, wherein the specific calculation flow is as follows:
and (4) checking one by one according to the conditions of the maximum power of the diesel engine in the tunnel, the maximum number of people working simultaneously, the blasting smoke amount, the allowed minimum wind speed and the like, and adopting the maximum value.
The ventilation scheme is planned to adopt 1 air duct with the diameter of 1.8m in a ventilation and safety hole, the maximum vehicle height of vehicles coming and going in the tunnel is considered to be a concrete tank truck, the net vehicle height is 3.8m, the air duct installation interval is 0.2m, the safety distance is 0.3-0.4 m, the space height occupied by the air duct installation is 1.8m +0.2m +0.3m =2.3m, the residual height is 4.7m, a double-hook form is adopted when ventilation is not carried out, and the influence of the air duct falling on the use space can be effectively avoided. Therefore, 1 air duct with the diameter of 1.8m is adopted in the ventilation and safety hole, and the requirements of air duct installation and passing vehicles can be completely met.
Calculating according to the minimum return air speed in the hole: q1=60VS
In the formula: v-aiming at the characteristic of larger section of the project, if the minimum wind speed of stable wind flow in a tunnel needs to be ensured, the lowest value of the return wind speed of the tunnel needs to be more than 0.15m/s, and the minimum value is 0.15 m/s;
s-cross section area, if the maximum cross section is 184 square meters, the wind rate of the palm surface Q1= V S =184 0.15=27.6m and the wind rate is 0.184m/S
Calculating according to the most people in the hole at the same time: q2=3 × K × N
In the formula: 3-carrying out dry top-hat cultivation according to wind supply standard per minute for each person, and carrying out dry top-hat cultivation according to m/min (BS big English standard) and 0.05 m/s;
k is a ventilation coefficient of the tunnel, including factors such as tunnel air leakage and uneven distribution, and K =1.3 is taken;
n is the maximum number of people working in the tunnel at the same time, and 100 people are selected.
Q2=0.05×1.3×100=6.5m³/s。
Under the extreme condition of the palm surface internal combustion engine power calculation, calculating the fresh air amount according to the diesel power 706 kw: q3 = Q × K × Σ W =0.05 × 706m high harvest/min =35.3m high harvest/s
Air quantity required by discharging blasting smoke
Q1=
In the formula: q1- -removing wind quantity required by blasting smoke, m cultivation/min
T- - -ventilation time, min; the project is t =30min
G- - -the explosive quantity used in one-time blasting, kg; calculating according to the formula G = S delta Lq, and the project G =195kg
A- - -tunnel excavation section, square meter; this project A =184 square meter
-water spray coefficient, take = 0.8;
b- -generating amount of toxic gas in L/kg when explosive is exploded; b = 40L/kg;
p- - -air duct air leakage coefficient;
wherein: the wind leakage coefficient P of the wind barrel is calculated according to the formula P = 1/((1-beta) L/100).
Beta-average air leakage rate, and taking beta = 0.01;
l = individual tunnelling (ventilation) length, L =1153m for this project.
Calculated P = 1/((1- β) L/100) =1.12
The tunnel critical length is calculated according to formula L1=12.5 × (GbK/AP 2).
In the formula: l1 — tunnel critical length;
k-turbulence diffusion coefficient, which is related to the length of the wind tunnel opening from the working surface and the diameter of the wind tunnel, the engineering takes K = 0.67.
Other symbols have the same meaning as before.
Through calculation: l1=12.5 × (GbK/AP 2) =320 m.
Calculating the air quantity required by the working face:
Q1==2617m³/min=43.61m³/s
in conclusion, the tunnel ventilation volume is checked one by one according to the conditions of the maximum power of the diesel engine in the tunnel, the maximum number of people working at the same time, the blasting smoke volume, the allowable minimum wind speed and the like, and the maximum value is adopted. Therefore, 43.61m for carrying out the dry top-end-up and bottom-end-up through the tunnel is selected as the air quantity required by tunnel construction.
The bottom side of the bearing guide rail 7 is transversely connected with an underframe 701, the end face of the bearing guide rail 7 is of a C-shaped structure, a T-shaped sliding block 801 is fixed on the top side of the axial flow fan 8, the axial flow fan 8 is in sliding fit with the bearing guide rail 7 through the sliding block 801, an installation groove 702 is arranged on the inner side of the bearing guide rail 7 on one side of the top of the underframe 701, a winch 703 is fixed on one side of the top of the underframe 701 close to the installation groove 702, a hollow strip-shaped air bag belt 704 is wound on the outer side of the winch 703, the free end of the outer side of the air bag belt 704 penetrates through the installation groove 702 and extends to the inner side of the bearing guide rail 7, the other end of the air bag belt 704 penetrates out to one side close to the axial flow fan 8 along the length direction of the bearing guide rail 7, a butterfly valve 802 for controlling the opening and closing state of the rear side of the axial flow fan 8 is arranged on one side close to the air bag belt 704, and the axial flow fan 8 is communicated with the air bag belt 704 through the guide pipe 803, through closing the outer tip butterfly valve 802 of axial fan 8 to utilize axial fan 8 to aerify in the guide tube 803 to the gasbag area 704, with expand through the gasbag area 704 and prop tightly and then support axial fan 8 and slide to setting for the mounted position along bearing guide rail 7 under the support of slider 801, need not the artifical installation of ascending a height, and the simple operation, axial fan 8 position adjustment is more convenient.
The electromagnetic valve is arranged in the middle of the guide pipe 803, a plurality of groups of lock holes 705 are densely distributed on the front side and the rear side of the air bag belt 704 along the length direction of the air bag belt, a restraint frame 706 is fixed on the top side of the bottom frame 701 outside the windlass 703, the restraint frame 706 is a C-shaped frame with a downward opening, an air cylinder 707 with a downward telescopic end is fixed on the top side of the restraint frame 706, a U-shaped lock frame 708 used for clamping and tightly pressing the air bag belt 704 in the lock holes 705 is fixed on the telescopic end of the air cylinder 707, and the lock frame 708 is used for adjusting the length of the air bag belt 704 expanded on the windlass 703 so as to adjust the length of the expanded air bag belt 704 according to different installation positions required by the axial flow fan 8.
The main building 3 outside is provided with the power station intake chamber 1, and the intercommunication has diversion tunnel 2 between this power station intake chamber 1 and the main building 3, and tail water surge-chamber 5 keeps away from main change room 4 one side and is provided with many transverse extension's tail water hole 6, and many tail water hole 6 vertical align to grid.
The ventilation method of the large underground engineering cavern construction ventilation system comprises the following steps:
a. presetting the working position of the axial flow fan 8, adjusting the length of an airbag belt 704 deployed on a winch 703 according to the set position, then closing a butterfly valve 802 and opening an electromagnetic valve, communicating the axial flow fan 8 with the airbag belt 704 through a guide pipe 803, at the moment, opening the axial flow fan 8 to inflate the guide pipe 803 and the airbag belt 704, inflating and expanding the airbag belt 704 in a compressed state, so as to push the axial flow fan 8 and a top side sliding block 801 to slide along a bearing guide rail 7 by using the inflated airbag belt 704, after the axial flow fan 8 slides to the set installation position, enabling the airbag belt 704 to be in a tensioned state, installing and positioning the axial flow fan 8 to the set working position by using the airbag belt 704, then closing the electromagnetic valve to keep the locking and tensioning state of the airbag belt 704 on the position of the axial flow fan 8, and completing the movement and installation action of the axial flow fan 8 to the set position on the bearing guide rail 7;
b. opening a butterfly valve 802 to discharge air sucked by the axial flow fan 8 outwards to promote the air flow in the underground engineering cavern, wherein air continuously enters an air inlet hopper 804 at the front port of the axial flow fan 8, the air sucked by the axial flow fan 8 is filtered by a group of filter plates 904 tightly propped against the air inlet side in advance, and the air inlet filtering operation is realized by matching two groups of filter plates 904 between a storage hopper 901 and the opening of the air inlet hopper 804;
c. the dust in the two groups of filter plates 904 between the air inlet tank 804a and the collection tank 901a is continuously gathered, when the gravity of the dust accumulated on the upper surface of the filter plate 904 on the upper side of the collection tank 901a overcomes the elastic force of the torsion spring 906a on the outer side of the filter plate 904, the retaining sheet 905 cooperates with the torsion spring 906a to release the supporting function of the group of filter plates 904 on the top side of the collection tank 901a, at this time, the group of filter plates 904 in the collection tank 901a turn over into the storage hopper 901, the groups of filter plates 904 rotate 90 degrees synchronously under the support of the synchronizing shaft 903, the dust filtered and collected by the two groups of filter plates 904 between the air inlet tank 804a and the collection tank 901a is dumped into the storage hopper 901, and then enters the next dust filtering and collecting process, and the automatic accumulation and discharge process of the dust on the filter plates 904 are realized.
The axial flow fan 8 is separated from the tunnel roof by replacing the installation mode of directly hanging and fixing the existing fan on the tunnel roof with the support of a separated arched bearing guide rail 7, so that the axial flow fan 8 is more convenient to install and position, the defect that the existing fixing mode is easy to loosen after blasting in the tunnel is overcome, and the position of the axial flow fan 8 is more convenient to adjust; and 8 air inlet ends at axial fan set up the filtering component 9 of active filtration and collection impurity in the air, utilize synchronizing shaft 903 outside multiunit filter plate 904 pressurized rotation to realize that the dust filters and discharges, need not artifical clearance fan and wind channel, reduction personnel's amount of labour, and solve the wind channel and long-term collection dirt the not smooth and dryer tenesmus problem of airing exhaust that causes, the practicality is strong.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a large-scale underground works cavern construction ventilation system which characterized in that: the air-conditioning system comprises a pipeline part and an air exhaust mechanism, wherein the pipeline part comprises a main factory building (3), a main transformer chamber (4) and a tail water surge chamber (5) which are sequentially communicated, the top side of the main factory building (3) is communicated with an underground air supply tunnel (301) extending upwards, the rear side of the main transformer chamber (4) is provided with an air exhaust vertical shaft (401), the upper side of the tail water surge chamber (5) is communicated with an air vent (501), and the air exhaust mechanisms are arranged in the underground air supply tunnel (301), the air exhaust vertical shaft (401) and the air vent (501);
the air exhaust mechanism comprises an axial flow fan (8) and a bearing guide rail (7) for supporting the axial flow fan (8) to be fixed at the blasting position of the tunnel face of the cavern, the end part of the front face of the axial flow fan (8) is communicated with an air inlet hopper (804), an air inlet groove (804 a) is arranged at the opening of the front face of the air inlet hopper (804), an auxiliary groove (804 b) vertically penetrates through the bottom side of the air inlet hopper (804), a filtering component (9) is arranged in front of the axial flow fan (8), the filtering component (9) comprises a storage hopper (901) fixed below the front face of the air inlet hopper (804), a collecting groove (901 a) is arranged at the opening of the top of the storage hopper (901), a bearing groove (901 b) is arranged at the rear side of the storage hopper (901), a synchronizing shaft (903) is rotatably arranged at the joint of the storage hopper (901) and the air inlet hopper (804), and four groups of mesh-shaped filter plates (904) are fixed around the outer circumference side of the synchronizing shaft (903), and the four groups of filter plates (904) are respectively flush with the air inlet groove (804 a), the auxiliary groove (804 b), the collecting groove (901 a) and the support groove (901 b).
2. The large underground engineering cavern construction ventilation system of claim 1, wherein: two groups of ratchet rotating seats (902) are arranged on two outer sides of the storage hopper (901) corresponding to the synchronizing shafts (903), the synchronizing shafts (903) rotate in one direction with the storage hopper (901) through the ratchet rotating seats (902), and blocking pieces (905) are arranged on the outer edge of the filter plate (904).
3. The large underground engineering cavern construction ventilation system of claim 2, wherein: separation blade (905) with filter plate (904) meets and locates to be provided with spacing axle (906), just separation blade (905) passes through spacing axle (906) with filter plate (904) normal running fit, spacing axle (906) outside cover is equipped with torsional spring (906 a), this torsional spring (906 a) one end support tightly in separation blade (905) is kept away from filter plate (904) one side, just torsional spring (906 a) other end support tightly in the filter plate (904) outside.
4. The large underground engineering cavern construction ventilation system of claim 3, wherein: the bearing guide rail (7) bottom side transverse connection has chassis (701), just bearing guide rail (7) terminal surface is C shape structure, axial fan (8) top side is fixed with T shape slider (801), just axial fan (8) through this slider (801) with bearing guide rail (7) sliding fit, chassis (701) top one side bearing guide rail (7) inboard is provided with mounting groove (702).
5. The large underground engineering cavern construction ventilation system of claim 4, wherein: a winch (703) is fixed on one side, close to the mounting groove (702), of the top of the bottom frame (701), a hollow strip-shaped air bag belt (704) is wound on the outer side of the winch (703), and the free end of the outer side of the air bag belt (704) penetrates through the mounting groove (702) and extends to the inner side of the bearing guide rail (7).
6. The large underground engineering cavern construction ventilation system of claim 5, wherein: the other end of the air bag belt (704) penetrates out of the side close to the axial flow fan (8) along the length direction of the bearing guide rail (7), a butterfly valve (802) for controlling the opening and closing state of the air outlet end on the rear side of the axial flow fan (8) is arranged at the side, close to the air bag belt (704), of the axial flow fan (8), a guide pipe (803) is arranged, and the axial flow fan (8) is communicated with the air bag belt (704) through the guide pipe (803).
7. The large underground engineering cavern construction ventilation system of claim 6, wherein: the middle of the guide pipe (803) is provided with an electromagnetic valve, a plurality of groups of lock holes (705) are densely distributed on the front side and the rear side of the air bag belt (704) along the length direction of the air bag belt, a restraint frame (706) is fixed on the top side of the chassis (701) on the outer side of the winch (703), the restraint frame (706) is a C-shaped frame with a downward opening, a cylinder (707) with a downward telescopic end is fixed on the top side of the restraint frame (706), and the telescopic end of the cylinder (707) is fixed with a U-shaped lock frame (708) which is used for being clamped into the lock holes (705) to compress the air bag belt (704).
8. The large underground engineering cavern construction ventilation system of claim 1, wherein: the utility model discloses a water diversion tunnel, including main factory building (3), the main factory building (3) outside is provided with power station intake chamber (1), and the intercommunication has diversion tunnel (2) between this power station intake chamber (1) and main factory building (3), tail water surge-chamber (5) are kept away from main room (4) one side is provided with many transverse extension's tail water hole (6), and many tail water hole (6) vertical align to grid.
9. The ventilation method of the ventilation system for the large underground engineering cavern construction as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
a. presetting the working position of an axial flow fan (8), adjusting the length of an air bag belt (704) expanded on a windlass (703) according to the set position, then closing a butterfly valve (802) and opening an electromagnetic valve, communicating the axial flow fan (8) with the air bag belt (704) through a guide pipe (803), then opening the axial flow fan (8) to inflate the guide pipe (803) and the air bag belt (704), inflating and expanding the air bag belt (704) in a compressed state to push the axial flow fan (8) and a top side sliding block (801) to slide along a bearing guide rail (7) by utilizing the inflated air bag belt (704), after the axial flow fan (8) slides to the set installation position, placing and positioning the axial flow fan (8) to the set working position by utilizing the air bag belt (704), then closing the electromagnetic valve to keep the locking and tensioning state of the air bag belt (704) on the position of the axial flow fan (8), completing the movement and installation action of the axial flow fan (8) to a set position on the bearing guide rail (7);
b. opening a butterfly valve (802) to discharge air sucked by an axial flow fan (8) outwards to promote the air flow in the underground engineering cavern, continuously introducing air into an air inlet hopper (804) at the front port of the axial flow fan (8), filtering the air sucked by the axial flow fan (8) by a group of filter plates (904) tightly abutted to the air inlet side in advance, and realizing air inlet filtering operation by matching two groups of filter plates (904) between a storage hopper (901) and an opening of the air inlet hopper (804);
c. the dust in the two groups of filter plates (904) between the air inlet groove (804 a) and the collecting groove (901 a) is continuously accumulated, when the gravity of the dust accumulated on the upper surface of the filter plate (904) on the upper side of the collecting groove (901 a) overcomes the elastic force of a torsion spring (906 a) on the outer side of the filter plate (904), a blocking piece (905) is matched with the torsion spring (906 a) to release the supporting function of the torsion spring (906 a) on the group of filter plates (904) on the top side of the collecting groove (901 a), at the moment, the group of filter plates (904) in the collecting groove (901 a) turn over into the storage hopper (901), the groups of filter plates (904) synchronously rotate (90 degrees) under the support of a synchronous shaft (903), the dust filtered and collected by the two groups of filter plates (904) between the air inlet groove (804 a) and the collecting groove (901 a) is dumped into the storage hopper (901), and then enters the next dust filtering and collecting process, and the automatic accumulation and discharge process of the dust on the filter plates (904) is realized.
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| CN105240299A (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2016-01-13 | 中国长江三峡集团公司 | Ventilation and exhaust fan system for underground cavern during construction period and implementation method of ventilation and exhaust fan system |
| CN105240041A (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2016-01-13 | 中国长江三峡集团公司 | Ventilating smoke dissipating system used for underground cavern construction of large hydropower station |
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