CN114481158A - High-temperature alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production system and method - Google Patents
High-temperature alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production system and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114481158A CN114481158A CN202111291406.6A CN202111291406A CN114481158A CN 114481158 A CN114481158 A CN 114481158A CN 202111291406 A CN202111291406 A CN 202111291406A CN 114481158 A CN114481158 A CN 114481158A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- electrolysis
- hydrogen
- high temperature
- hydrogen production
- electrolyte
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
- C25B15/021—Process control or regulation of heating or cooling
Abstract
The invention provides a high-temperature alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production system and a method thereof, belonging to the field of water electrolysis hydrogen production. The system comprises an electrolyte supply device, an electrolysis device and a gas separation system, wherein the electrolysis device is an electrolysis bath with a filter-press structure; and a heat source device is connected between the electrolysis device and the electrolyte supply device to heat the electrolyte. The method is characterized in that the electrolysis device electrolyzes water under the action of direct current to prepare hydrogen and oxygen, and the temperature of the electrolyte is 95-220 ℃; the working pressure is 1-4 MPa; the direct current voltage is 1-3V. The invention can effectively reduce the electrolysis voltage along with the rise of the working temperature, thereby reducing the overall energy consumption in the electrolysis process, further improving the electrolysis efficiency, having simple system structure and preparation process, and being suitable for large-scale industrial application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hydrogen production by water electrolysis, in particular to a high-temperature alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production system and a method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of global industry, the earth is faced with resource shortage and the problem of global temperature rise caused by excessive carbon emission is more and more serious. The development and use of energy by mankind has entered a new revolutionary stage, rapidly moving from fossil energy to "clean, low-carbon, safe, efficient" renewable energy.
Hydrogen energy is a clean and efficient secondary energy, can be stored for a long time, can be transported by pipelines in a long distance, can be directly used for large-scale power generation, and can be further provided for mass industrial production. With the gradual depletion of fossil energy and the increasing pressure of environmental pollution, hydrogen energy will play an increasingly important role in the future. At present, the hydrogen production modes commonly used in the industry include methanol conversion hydrogen production, natural gas conversion hydrogen production, coal gasification hydrogen production, ammonia cracking hydrogen production and the like, which are non-renewable processes, and the hydrogen production modes have the consumption of fossil resources and the emission of CO2, and do not accord with the concept of low-carbon industry. The hydrogen production by water electrolysis is a clean and reproducible process, fossil resources are not consumed, and the products are hydrogen and oxygen, so that the environment is not burdened.
In the technical aspect, the water electrolysis hydrogen production is mainly divided into alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production (AWE), solid Polymer (PEM) water electrolysis, solid polymer Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) water electrolysis and Solid Oxide (SOEC) water electrolysis. Among them, AWE is the earliest industrialized water electrolysis technology, has been experienced in several decades of applications and is the most mature; the PEM water electrolysis technology is rapidly developed in industrialization in recent years, the SOEC water electrolysis technology is in an initial demonstration stage, and the AEM water electrolysis research is just started. On a time scale, the AWE technology is easy to deploy and apply quickly due to mature technology and low cost in the aspect of solving the recent consumption of renewable energy sources; however, from the technical point of view, the PEM water electrolysis technology has the advantages of high current density, small volume of an electrolytic cell, flexible operation, contribution to quick load change, good matching property with wind power and photovoltaic power (large fluctuation and randomness of power generation), and high cost. The development of SOEC and AEM water electrolysis depends on the breakthrough condition of related material technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-temperature alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production system and a high-temperature alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production method, which can effectively reduce electrolysis voltage (including theoretical decomposition voltage, resistance voltage and electrode overvoltage) along with the increase of working temperature, thereby reducing the overall energy consumption of an electrolysis process, further improving the electrolysis efficiency, and being simple in system structure and preparation process and suitable for large-scale industrial application.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a hydrogen production system by high-temperature alkaline water electrolysis comprises an electrolyte supply device, an electrolysis device and a gas separation system, wherein the electrolysis device is an electrolysis bath with a filter-press structure; and a heat source device is connected between the electrolysis device and the electrolyte supply device to heat the electrolyte. Industrial waste heat in the production process of enterprises can be directly used as a heat source to heat the electrolyte.
The cathode of the electrolysis device consists of a bipolar plate and a wire mesh or foam nickel plate cathode sprayed with a cathode catalyst, and the anode of the electrolysis device consists of a bipolar plate and a wire mesh or foam nickel plate anode sprayed with an anode catalyst; the bipolar plate can be a flat plate or a concave-convex plate.
Further, the cathode side and the anode side are separated by a high temperature permeation resistant diaphragm.
Preferably, the high temperature permeation resistant membrane is made of an organic polymer material, an inorganic material or a composite material.
More preferably, the organic polymer material is one or more of polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfone, polyketone or polyimide; the inorganic material is one or a mixture of more of zirconia, silica, silicic acid or titanium oxide; the composite material is formed by compounding inorganic or organic materials through surface modification.
The high-temperature-resistant permeation membrane has the advantages of small thickness, large surface porosity, proper pore diameter, excellent hydrophilicity and good gas isolation capability, so that the resistance when conductive ions pass through is small and the membrane is airtight; meanwhile, the alkali resistance is good, and the electrolyte cannot corrode at the working temperature of 95-220 ℃.
And gas flow regulating valves are arranged at hydrogen and oxygen outlets of the electrolysis device. Or a gas flow regulating valve is arranged between the hydrogen and oxygen outlet of the electrolysis device and a hydrogen and oxygen storage tank or a user so as to ensure the pressure balance of the system. The working pressure of the electrolysis device can be adjusted to the required working condition through the gas flow regulating valve.
The gas separation system is provided with a liquid loop, and the liquid loop is communicated with the electrolysis device, so that separated liquid can be recycled.
The invention also provides a high-temperature alkaline electrolyzed water hydrogen production method based on the high-temperature alkaline electrolyzed water hydrogen production system, which comprises the following steps:
the electrolysis device electrolyzes water to prepare hydrogen and oxygen under the action of direct current with the voltage of 1-3V, and the temperature of the electrolyte is 95-220 ℃; the working pressure is 1-4 MPa. The working pressure can be dynamically or statically adjusted to ensure that the electrolyte is always in a liquid state under the working pressure. Therefore, the aims of improving the energy conversion efficiency and reducing the electrolytic voltage can be fulfilled without changing the conventional industrial electrolyte and electrode system.
The electrolyte is electrolytic alkali liquor, preferably 25-35% potassium hydroxide or 22-30% sodium hydroxide solution.
In the reaction process, water molecules on the cathode obtain electrons to separate out hydrogen ions and OH-Ions, OH on the anode-The ion discharge separates out oxygen.
The method comprises the following steps of separating out hydrogen at the cathode:
s1: hydronium ions and water molecules migrate to the cathode surface;
discharging hydrogen ions or water molecules to form hydrogen atoms in an adsorption state on the surface of the electrode;
H2O+e＝Hsuction device+OH-；
S2: there are three possible routes for hydrogen atoms to become hydrogen molecules:
1) hydrogen molecules are catalyzed and compounded on the surface of the electrode and desorbed;
Hsuction device+HSuction device＝H2(ii) a Alternatively, the first and second liquid crystal display panels may be,
2) hydrogen atoms or water molecules are electrochemically discharged and electrolyzed on the surface of the electrode or on the adsorbed hydrogen atoms to be absorbed into hydrogen molecules;
H2O+Hsuction device+e＝H2+OH-(ii) a Alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
3) hydrogen atoms escape from the electrode surface in a free state;
Hsuction device＝H。
And the electrolysis is carried out to obtain a gas-liquid mixture, the gas-liquid mixture passes through a hydrogen separator and an oxygen separator respectively, hydrogen and oxygen are separated, the rest liquid is mixed by the liquid loop and then enters the electrolysis device through a circulating pump for recycling, and the separated hydrogen and oxygen enter a hydrogen and oxygen condensation scrubber through pipelines respectively and then enter a storage tank through a regulating valve.
Compared with the prior art, the high-temperature alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production system operates under a certain pressure and at a working temperature of 95-220 ℃, and can reduce electrolysis voltage only by adopting a commercial electrode without a special electrode, thereby improving energy conversion efficiency, reducing energy consumption and being convenient for effectively utilizing industrial waste heat.
Drawings
To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a process for producing hydrogen by high-temperature alkaline electrolysis of water according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1-an alkali liquor storage tank; 2-an electrolytic cell; 3-a hydrogen separator; 4-an oxygen separator; 5-hydrogen condensation scrubber; 6-oxygen condensation scrubber; 7-a heat source device; 8-a hydrogen storage tank; 9-oxygen storage tank.
Detailed Description
The terms as used herein:
"prepared from … …" is synonymous with "comprising". The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having," "contains," "containing," or any other variation thereof, as used herein, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, process, method, article, or apparatus.
When an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, preferred range, or as a range of upper preferable values and lower preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed. For example, when the range "1 ~ 5" is disclosed, the ranges described should be construed to include the ranges "1 ~ 4", "1 ~ 3", "1 ~ 2 and 4 ~ 5", "1 ~ 3 and 5", and the like. When a range of values is described herein, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include the endpoints thereof and all integers and fractions within the range.
"and/or" is used to indicate that one or both of the illustrated conditions may occur, e.g., a and/or B includes (a and B) and (a or B).
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
Example 1
A hydrogen production system by high-temperature alkaline water electrolysis comprises an alkaline liquor storage tank 1 for storing electrolyte, an electrolytic cell 2 and a gas separation system, wherein the gas separation system comprises a hydrogen separator 3 and an oxygen separator 4 which are respectively communicated with the electrolytic cell 2, the downstream of the hydrogen separator 3 is connected with a hydrogen condensation scrubber 5, and the downstream of the oxygen separator 4 is connected with an oxygen condensation scrubber 6. Liquid outlets of the hydrogen separator 3 and the oxygen separator 4 are respectively communicated with an alkali liquor inlet of the electrolytic bath 2.
The electrolytic cell 2 is a filter-press type structure electrolytic cell; a heat source device 7 is also connected between the electrolytic cell 2 and the alkali liquor storage tank 1 to heat the electrolyte. The heat source device 7 is an industrial waste heat exchanger in the production process of enterprises. Liquid outlets of the hydrogen separator 3 and the oxygen separator 4 are respectively connected to a pipeline on the upstream of the heat source device 7, and the liquid enters the electrolytic cell 2 again after being heated by the heat source device 7.
The electrode of the electrolytic tank 2 adopts the current industry common electrode, the cathode is composed of a bipolar plate and a wire mesh cathode sprayed with a cathode catalyst, and the anode is composed of a bipolar plate and a wire mesh anode sprayed with an anode catalyst; the bipolar plate is a flat plate. The cathode side is separated from the anode side by a polyphenylene sulfide diaphragm.
And a gas flow regulating valve is respectively arranged on a pipeline between the hydrogen condensation scrubber 5 and the hydrogen storage tank 8 and a pipeline between the oxygen condensation scrubber 6 and the oxygen storage tank 9, and is used for controlling the working pressure of the electrolytic bath 2.
The invention also provides a system-based high-temperature alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production method, which comprises the following steps:
30 percent of potassium hydroxide solution is introduced into the electrolytic cell 2, after the liquid level reaches the requirement, a valve of the alkali box is closed, and a direct current power supply is switched on to start electrolysis. Under the action of direct current, hydrogen and oxygen are produced by electrolysis. The liquid separated in the hydrogen separator 3 and the oxygen separator 4 enters the electrolytic cell 2 for cyclic utilization through a liquid outlet and a pipeline on the upstream of the heat source device 7. The voltage of the small chamber is 1.9V, the working temperature is 95 ℃, the working pressure is 1MPa, and the current density is 3000A/m2The energy consumption is 4.4kWh/Nm3。
Example 2
The electrolytic system is the same as the embodiment 1, the electrolyte is initially heated before entering the electrolytic bath, direct current is applied to start electrolysis, the pressure and the temperature are gradually increased along with the progress of the electrolytic process, the working pressure is controlled to be 2MPa, the temperature is controlled to be 150 ℃, the high-temperature resistant permeation diaphragm adopts a zirconium oxide diaphragm, and the measured results show that the cell voltage of the electrolytic bath is 1.8V, and the current density is 4000A/m2The energy consumption is 4.3kWh/Nm3。
Example 3
The electrolytic system is the same as the embodiment 1, the electrolyte is initially heated before entering the electrolytic bath, direct current is applied to start electrolysis, the pressure and the temperature are gradually increased along with the progress of the electrolytic process, the working pressure is controlled to be 3MPa, the temperature is controlled to be 180 ℃, the high-temperature resistant permeation diaphragm adopts a polyimide diaphragm, and the measured cell voltage of the electrolytic bath is 1.8V, the current density is 4800A/m2The energy consumption is 4.2kWh/Nm3。
Example 4
The electrolytic system is the same as the embodiment 1, the electrolyte is initially heated before entering the electrolytic bath, direct current is applied to start electrolysis, the pressure and the temperature are gradually increased along with the progress of the electrolytic process, the working pressure is controlled to be 3.8MPa, the temperature is controlled to be 220 ℃, the high-temperature resistant permeation diaphragm is a composite diaphragm, and the cell voltage of the electrolytic bath is 1.7V and the current density is 5000A/m through measurement2The energy consumption is 4.2kWh/Nm3。
As can be seen from examples 1-4, the current density of hydrogen production by electrolysis with conventional alkaline water is 3000A/m2And energy consumption of 4.5kWh/Nm3Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of low overall energy consumption, simple system and process, and capability of being obtained by utilizing the existing commercial alkaline water electrolysis device without developing special electrodes and other materials.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that while some embodiments herein include some features included in other embodiments, rather than other features, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention and form different embodiments. For example, in the claims above, any of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination. The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a high temperature alkaline electrolysis water hydrogen manufacturing system, includes electrolyte supply device, electrolytic device and gas separation system, its characterized in that: the electrolysis device is a filter-press type structure electrolysis bath; and a heat source device is connected between the electrolysis device and the electrolyte supply device to heat the electrolyte.
2. A high temperature alkaline electrolytic water hydrogen production system according to claim 1, characterized in that the cathode of the electrolysis device is composed of bipolar plate and mesh or foam nickel plate cathode, and the anode of the electrolysis device is composed of bipolar plate and mesh or foam nickel plate anode.
3. A high temperature alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production system according to claim 1, characterized in that the cathode side is separated from the anode side by a high temperature resistant permeable membrane.
4. A high temperature alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production system according to claim 3, characterized in that the high temperature permeation resistant membrane is made of organic polymer material, inorganic material or composite material.
5. The system for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water at high temperature and alkaline as claimed in claim 4, wherein the organic polymer material is one or more of polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfone, polyketone or polyimide; the inorganic material is one or a mixture of more of zirconia, silica, silicic acid or titanium oxide; the composite material is formed by compounding inorganic or organic materials through surface modification.
6. The system for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water at high temperature and alkaline as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrogen and oxygen outlets of the electrolyzing device are provided with gas flow regulating valves to ensure the pressure balance of the system.
7. A high temperature alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production system according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas separation system is provided with a liquid loop, which is in communication with the electrolysis device.
8. A high-temperature alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production method based on the system of any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the electrolysis device is used for electrolyzing hydrogen and oxygen under the action of direct current with the voltage of 1-3V, and the temperature of the electrolyte is 95-220 ℃; the working pressure is 1-4 MPa.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the electrolyte is 25-35% potassium hydroxide or 22-30% sodium hydroxide solution.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the electrolysis produces a gas-liquid mixture, hydrogen and oxygen are separated, and the remaining liquid is recycled to the electrolysis device via the liquid loop.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111291406.6A CN114481158A (en) | 2021-11-01 | 2021-11-01 | High-temperature alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production system and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111291406.6A CN114481158A (en) | 2021-11-01 | 2021-11-01 | High-temperature alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production system and method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114481158A true CN114481158A (en) | 2022-05-13 |
Family
ID=81492184
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111291406.6A Pending CN114481158A (en) | 2021-11-01 | 2021-11-01 | High-temperature alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production system and method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114481158A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115161707A (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-10-11 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一八研究所 | Method and system for controlling electrolyte flow of water electrolysis hydrogen production system |
-
2021
- 2021-11-01 CN CN202111291406.6A patent/CN114481158A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115161707A (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-10-11 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一八研究所 | Method and system for controlling electrolyte flow of water electrolysis hydrogen production system |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Pant et al. | Anode and cathode materials characterization for a microbial fuel cell in half cell configuration | |
| JP6745092B2 (en) | Water treatment system using alkaline water electrolysis device and alkaline fuel cell and water treatment method using the water treatment system | |
| CN1522225A (en) | Electrochemical generator | |
| CN113913844B (en) | Power switching-based membrane-free water electrolysis hydrogen production device | |
| CN110690855A (en) | Energy system of novel net zero energy consumption building based on hydrogen energy storage | |
| CN113913846A (en) | Water electrolysis hydrogen production oxygen generation reaction device | |
| Hnát et al. | Hydrogen production by electrolysis | |
| CN114481158A (en) | High-temperature alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production system and method | |
| Saravanan et al. | An overview of water electrolysis technologies for the production of hydrogen | |
| CN111534830B (en) | Device and method for producing high-purity hydrogen by electrolyzing water | |
| WO2019144751A1 (en) | Liquid metal fuel cell | |
| Vogt et al. | Novel developments in alkaline water electrolysis | |
| SA516371195B1 (en) | Device and method for the flexible use of electricity | |
| Joe et al. | Production of hydrogen by anion exchange membrane using AWE | |
| CN2891308Y (en) | Regenerative fuel cell stack that can electrolyzes water and generate power | |
| CN113981479B (en) | Water electrolysis device | |
| CN116497380A (en) | Method and system for producing hydrogen by air | |
| CA3149042C (en) | Cross-flow water electrolysis | |
| Muthuvel et al. | Trends in ammonia electrolysis | |
| CN210736904U (en) | Ammonia electrolysis hydrogen production system | |
| Hu et al. | Efficiency and stability of seawater electrolysis through flat-tube solid oxide cell stack without air | |
| CN106898805A (en) | A kind of concentration cell | |
| CN112522733A (en) | Desulfurization fuel cell and method for producing acid and base through flue gas desulfurization | |
| Dong et al. | Ion-conducting ceramic membranes for renewable energy technologies | |
| KR20020060827A (en) | Apparatus for generating oxygen and hydrogen gas using electrolysis |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |