CN114480947A - Wear-resistant high-chromium casting section and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Wear-resistant high-chromium casting section and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114480947A CN114480947A CN202210047293.3A CN202210047293A CN114480947A CN 114480947 A CN114480947 A CN 114480947A CN 202210047293 A CN202210047293 A CN 202210047293A CN 114480947 A CN114480947 A CN 114480947A
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910001037 White iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000227425 Pieris rapae crucivora Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
- C21D5/04—Heat treatments of cast-iron of white cast-iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a wear-resistant high-chromium casting section which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2.6 to 3 percent of C, 0.5 to 0.7 percent of Si, 0.7 to 0.9 percent of Mn, 11.0 to 14.0 percent of Cr, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of Mo, 0.8 to 1.0 percent of Cu, 0.45 to 0.5 percent of B, 0.005 to 0.007 percent of nano VC, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of P, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the wear-resistant high-chromium casting section. The invention starts from the aspects of providing a wear-resistant phase with higher hardness, improving the toughness of a matrix and improving the shape and distribution of carbide, so that the high-chromium cast iron has good wear resistance and good impact resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-chromium cast iron, in particular to a wear-resistant high-chromium casting section and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The high-chromium white cast iron is the third generation of white cast iron developed after common white cast iron and nickel hard cast iron. The high-chromium white cast iron contains more than 10% of chromium and the ratio of the chromium to the carbon is between 4 and 8. The high-chromium cast iron is an excellent wear-resistant material and is widely applied to the aspects of mining, cement, electric power, road building machinery, refractory materials and the like.
High-chromium cast iron generally has excellent impact and wear resistance at normal temperature and high temperature, but the high-chromium cast iron has poor impact toughness relative to other metal materials, and the wear resistance and the impact resistance cannot be simultaneously considered, so that the application of the high-chromium cast iron is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a wear-resistant high-chromium cast section and a preparation method thereof, and starts with the aspects of providing a wear-resistant phase with higher hardness, improving the toughness of a matrix, and improving the shape and distribution of carbides, so that the high-chromium cast iron has good wear resistance and good impact resistance.
The invention provides a wear-resistant high-chromium casting section, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2.6 to 3 percent of C, 0.5 to 0.7 percent of Si, 0.7 to 0.9 percent of Mn, 11.0 to 14.0 percent of Cr, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of Mo, 0.8 to 1.0 percent of Cu, 0.45 to 0.5 percent of B, 0.005 to 0.007 percent of nano VC, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of P, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Preferably, the components thereof comprise by weight percent: 2.8 percent of C, 0.6 percent of Si, 0.8 percent of Mn, 12.0 percent of Cr, 0.6 percent of Mo, 0.9 percent of Cu, 0.45 percent of B, 0.006 percent of nano VC, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of P, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The inventor adds a proper amount of Mo and Cu to improve the hardenability of the high-chromium casting section, promote the transformation from austenite to martensite and improve the wear resistance and the matrix toughness of the high-chromium casting section; adding a proper amount of B element can form boride with higher hardness, and the boride and carbide are matched with each other to improve the wear resistance of cast iron, but when the content of B is higher, the content and continuity of carbide are increased, alloy carbide is coarse, and the toughness is reduced; therefore, the proper amount of nano VC is added at the same time, the structure of the cast iron can be refined, the carbide is round and smooth in shape change and uniform in size, and the carbide is distributed in an isolated manner by combining with a proper heat treatment process, so that the impact resistance of the high-chromium cast iron is improved.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the wear-resistant high-chromium casting section, which comprises the following steps:
s1, casting and molding the molten iron to obtain a casting section, wherein the component proportion of the casting section is the component proportion of the wear-resistant high-chromium casting section;
and S2, heating the casting section in the S1 to austenize, quenching, tempering, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the wear-resistant high-chromium casting section.
Preferably, in S2, the heating procedure for austenitizing is: heating to 650-class 670 deg.C, keeping the temperature for 60-90min, heating to 800-class 820 deg.C, keeping the temperature for 60-90min, heating to 950-class 970 deg.C, keeping the temperature for 1.5-2.5 h.
Since the addition of B element increases the difficulty of complete austenitization, the inventors chose a suitable heating procedure to make the cast iron fully austenitized.
Preferably, in S2, the quenching includes the following steps: oil quenching is carried out until the surface temperature of the casting section is 90-110 ℃, and then cooling is carried out to room temperature within 2-2.5 h.
Preferably, in S2, the tempering temperature is 280-300 ℃, and the tempering time is 4-5 h.
Preferably, the quenching oil has a temperature of 80-90 ℃.
The inventor selects a proper quenching process and a tempering process according to the components of the cast iron, can eliminate quenching stress, promote the transformation from austenite to martensite, thicken a through-quenching layer, increase the martensite content, improve the wear resistance, and reserve a proper amount of retained austenite, so that a matrix has good toughness.
Has the advantages that:
according to the invention, by adding a proper amount of Mo and Cu, the hardenability of the high-chromium casting section is improved, the transformation from austenite to martensite is promoted, and the wear resistance and the matrix toughness of the high-chromium casting section are improved; adding a proper amount of B element can form boride with higher hardness, and the boride and carbide are matched with each other to improve the wear resistance of cast iron, but when the content of B is higher, the content and continuity of carbide are increased, alloy carbide is coarse, and the toughness is reduced; therefore, the proper amount of nano VC is added at the same time, the structure of the cast iron can be refined, the carbide is round and smooth in shape change and uniform in size, and the carbide is distributed in an isolated manner by combining with a proper heat treatment process, so that the impact resistance of the high-chromium cast iron is improved; in addition, a proper heat treatment process is selected according to the formula of the high-chromium cast iron, so that the high-chromium cast iron contains a proper amount of residual austenite to improve the toughness of the matrix; therefore, the wear-resistant steel has good wear resistance and good impact toughness. The invention starts from the aspects of providing a wear-resistant phase with higher hardness, improving the toughness of a matrix and improving the shape and distribution of carbide, so that the high-chromium cast iron has good wear resistance and good impact resistance.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
A wear-resistant high-chromium casting section comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2.6 percent of C, 0.7 percent of Si, 0.7 percent of Mn, 14.0 percent of Cr, 0.5 percent of Mo, 1.0 percent of Cu, 0.45 percent of B, 0.007 percent of nano VC, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of P, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The preparation method of the wear-resistant high-chromium casting section comprises the following steps:
s1, casting and molding the molten iron to obtain a cylindrical casting section (the diameter is 50mm, the length is 60mm), wherein the component proportion of the casting section is the component proportion of the wear-resistant high-chromium casting section;
s2, heating the casting section in S1 to 650 ℃, preserving heat for 90min, heating to 800 ℃, preserving heat for 90min, heating to 970 ℃, preserving heat for 2h to ensure that the casting section is completely austenitized, putting the casting section into quenching oil with the temperature of 80 ℃ until the surface temperature of the casting section is 90 ℃, taking out the casting section, cooling to room temperature in 2h, putting the casting section into a tempering furnace, tempering at 280 ℃ for 5h, and finally cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the wear-resistant high-chromium casting section.
Example 2
A wear-resistant high-chromium casting section comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c3%, Si 0.5%, Mn 0.9%, Cr 11.0%, Mo 0.8%, Cu 0.8%, B0.5%, nano VC 0.005%, S less than or equal to 0.05%, P less than or equal to 0.05%, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The preparation method of the wear-resistant high-chromium casting section comprises the following steps:
s1, casting and molding the molten iron to obtain a cylindrical casting section (the diameter is 50mm, the length is 60mm), wherein the component proportion of the casting section is the component proportion of the wear-resistant high-chromium casting section;
s2, heating the casting section in S1 to 670 ℃, preserving heat for 60min, heating to 820 ℃, preserving heat for 60min, heating to 950 ℃ and preserving heat for 1.5h to ensure that the casting section is completely austenitized, putting the casting section into quenching oil with the temperature of 90 ℃ until the surface temperature of the casting section is 110 ℃, taking out the casting section, cooling to room temperature in 2.5h, putting the casting section into a tempering furnace, tempering at 300 ℃ for 4h, and finally cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the wear-resistant high-chromium casting section.
Example 3
A wear-resistant high-chromium casting section comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2.8 percent of C, 0.6 percent of Si, 0.8 percent of Mn, 12.0 percent of Cr, 0.6 percent of Mo, 0.9 percent of Cu, 0.45 percent of B, 0.006 percent of nano VC, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of P, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The preparation method of the wear-resistant high-chromium casting section comprises the following steps:
s1, casting and molding the molten iron to obtain a cylindrical casting section (the diameter is 50mm, the length is 60mm), wherein the component proportion of the casting section is the component proportion of the wear-resistant high-chromium casting section;
s2, heating the casting section in the S1 to 660 ℃, preserving heat for 80min, heating to 810 ℃, preserving heat for 80min, heating to 960 ℃, preserving heat for 2h to ensure that the casting section is completely austenitized, putting the casting section into quenching oil with the temperature of 85 ℃ until the surface temperature of the casting section is 100 ℃, taking out the casting section, cooling to room temperature in 2.5h, putting the casting section into a tempering furnace, tempering at 290 ℃ for 4.5h, and finally cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the wear-resistant high-chromium casting section.
Comparative example 1
The same procedure as in example 3 was repeated except that no B element was added.
Comparative example 2
The same procedure as in example 3 was repeated except that no nano-VC was added.
Comparative example 3
The same as example 3 except that no B element and no nano VC were contained.
Comparative example 4
The same procedure as in example 3 was repeated except that Mo and Cu were not contained.
The high chromium mill sections obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 7 were subjected to performance tests, and the results are shown in Table 1.
And carrying out hardness test according to GB/T230.1-2018.
On an impact testing machine, a small pendulum bob is adopted to detect impact energy, the impact energy used by the sample to be tested to be broken is recorded, each group is parallelly detected for 3 times, and an average value is taken.
TABLE 1 test results
As can be seen from Table 1, the wear-resistant alloy material has good wear resistance and impact resistance through the mutual matching of Mo, Cu, B and nano VC in combination with a proper heat treatment process.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The wear-resistant high-chromium casting section is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 2.6 to 3 percent of C, 0.5 to 0.7 percent of Si, 0.7 to 0.9 percent of Mn, 11.0 to 14.0 percent of Cr, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of Mo, 0.8 to 1.0 percent of Cu, 0.45 to 0.5 percent of B, 0.005 to 0.007 percent of nano VC, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of P, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
2. The wear-resistant high-chromium cast section according to claim 1, characterized in that its composition comprises, in weight percent: 2.8 percent of C, 0.6 percent of Si, 0.8 percent of Mn, 12.0 percent of Cr, 0.6 percent of Mo, 0.9 percent of Cu, 0.45 percent of B, 0.006 percent of nano VC, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of P, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
3. A method for preparing wear-resistant high-chromium cast sections according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
s1, casting and molding the molten iron to obtain a casting section, wherein the component ratio of the casting section is as the component ratio of the wear-resistant high-chromium casting section in the claim 1 or 2;
and S2, heating the casting section in the S1 to austenize, quenching, tempering, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the wear-resistant high-chromium casting section.
4. The method for preparing wear-resistant high-chromium cast sections according to claim 3, wherein in S2, the heating procedure for austenitizing is as follows: heating to 650-class 670 deg.C, keeping the temperature for 60-90min, heating to 800-class 820 deg.C, keeping the temperature for 60-90min, heating to 950-class 970 deg.C, keeping the temperature for 1.5-2.5 h.
5. The method for preparing the wear-resistant high-chromium cast strand according to claim 3 or 4, wherein in S2, the quenching comprises the following specific steps: oil quenching is carried out until the surface temperature of the casting section is 90-110 ℃, and then cooling is carried out to room temperature within 2-2.5 h.
6. The method for preparing the wear-resistant high-chromium cast section according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the tempering temperature is 280-300 ℃ and the tempering time is 4-5h in S2.
7. The method for preparing the wear-resistant high-chromium cast section according to claim 5, wherein the temperature of quenching oil is 80-90 ℃.
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