CN114480897A - Antibacterial high-entropy alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an antibacterial high-entropy alloy, which is characterized by adding 1-5% by mass of copper into a CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy and adopting two steps of Mechanical Alloying (MA) and Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). The MA can fully expand the solid solubility among all components, and the prepared antibacterial high-entropy alloy powder has nano-sized crystal grains, uniform chemical components and a microstructure; the antibacterial high-entropy alloy prepared by SPS can quickly realize densification, and avoid excessive growth of crystal grains in the sintering process, thereby having better mechanical property and antibacterial property. During preparation, CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy powder and copper powder are weighed and subjected to ball milling under the protection of inert gas to obtain powder; and then putting the powder into a die, and sintering by discharge plasma to obtain the antibacterial high-entropy alloy. The antibacterial high-entropy alloy has broad-spectrum and long-acting antibacterial activity, has good wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and can meet the service requirements under certain severe conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of high-entropy alloys, and particularly relates to an antibacterial high-entropy alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of social economy and the attention of people to safety and health problems, antibacterial alloy materials are increasingly favored by the market. The high-entropy alloy is used as a novel alloy material which is rapidly developed in recent years, has excellent performances which are not possessed by the traditional alloy material, such as high strength, high-temperature oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and is expected to be applied to the fields of household building materials, food processing, engineering facility equipment and the like. However, the high-entropy alloy does not have an antibacterial function, so that the development of the antibacterial high-entropy alloy has great significance and value.
By adding antibacterial elements such as copper and the like into the high-entropy alloy, the alloy can be endowed with a broad-spectrum long-acting antibacterial function, and a new idea is provided for inhibiting microbial corrosion. There are patent CN 111187964B and so on. However, the coarse-grain copper-containing high-entropy alloy prepared by the traditional process usually needs higher copper addition to ensure better antibacterial performance, and the higher copper addition is easy to generate segregation, so that the antibacterial high-entropy alloy with uniform components and tissues is difficult to prepare, and meanwhile, the corrosion resistance and the processing performance of the original high-entropy alloy are also reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing preparation of the antibacterial high-entropy alloy, the invention combines Mechanical Alloying (MA) and Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS), and provides the antibacterial high-entropy alloy with low copper content, uniform components and tissues, fine grains and excellent performance and the preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an antibacterial high-entropy alloy which comprises 95-99% of CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy and 1-5% of Cu by mass ratio, wherein the content of each component of the CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy is equal to the molar ratio; the wear rate of the antibacterial high-entropy alloy is (2.7-4.0) multiplied by 10-4mm3·N-1·m-1The corrosion current density is 2.3-4.5 nA/cm2The antibacterial rate of Escherichia coli is 59.2-93.9%, and the antibacterial rate of Staphylococcus aureus is 73.0-99.8%. The preparation method of the antibacterial high-entropy alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) taking CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy powder and Cu powder as raw materials, weighing 1-5% of copper powder and 95-99% of CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy powder according to mass percent, adding the copper powder and the CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy powder into a ball-milling tank protected by inert gas, wherein the mass ratio of ball materials is (10-20) to 1, adding 3-8% of absolute ethyl alcohol as a control agent according to mass percent, the ball-milling rotation speed is 200-400 r/min, and drying the ball-milling for 30-60 hours to obtain powder;
(2) adding the powder obtained in the step (1) into a mold, and then placing the mold into a discharge plasma sintering furnace for sintering to obtain the antibacterial high-entropy alloy; the sintering process parameters are as follows: the pressure is more than or equal to 30MPa, the temperature is 800-1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-20 minutes.
Further, in the preparation method, the CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy powder is gas atomized CoCrFeMnNi prealloy powder, the purity is more than or equal to 99%, and the granularity is less than or equal to 100 mu m; the purity of the Cu powder is more than or equal to 99 percent, and the granularity is less than or equal to 100 mu m.
In the step (1), the ball milling process conditions are preferably as follows: the mass ratio of the ball material is 10:1, the mass percent of the added absolute ethyl alcohol is 5 percent, the ball milling speed is 300 r/min, and the ball milling time is 45 hours; in the step (2), the sintering process parameters are preferably that the pressure is 50MPa, the temperature is 900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 8 minutes.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the MA in the invention can fully expand the solid solubility among all components, and the antibacterial high-entropy alloy powder prepared by adopting the MA has nano-sized crystal grains, uniform chemical components and a microstructure;
(2) the antibacterial high-entropy alloy prepared by SPS in the invention can rapidly realize densification, and avoid excessive growth of crystal grains in the sintering process, thereby obtaining better mechanical property and antibacterial property.
In conclusion, the invention adopts the MA + SPS method to prepare the antibacterial high-entropy alloy with low copper content, uniform components and structure, fine grain size and excellent comprehensive performance, and can meet the service requirement of severe environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a CoCrFeMnNi-0Cu high-entropy alloy prepared in comparative example 1 (left) and a CoCrFeMnNi-5Cu antibacterial high-entropy alloy prepared in example 10 (right) coated with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli after co-culturing for 24 h.
FIG. 2 shows that the CoCrFeMnNi-0Cu high-entropy alloy prepared by comparative examples 1-2 and the CoCrFeMnNi-xCu (x is 1, 3, 5) antibacterial high-entropy alloy prepared by examples 8-10 are 1mol/L H2SO4Potentiodynamic polarization profiles in solution.
FIG. 3 shows the cross-sectional profile (a) of the wear scar and the average wear rate (b) of the CoCrFeMnNi-0Cu high-entropy alloy prepared in comparative examples 1-2 and the CoCrFeMnNi-xCu (x ═ 1, 3, 5) antibacterial high-entropy alloy prepared in examples 8-10.
Detailed Description
The antibacterial high-entropy alloy is prepared by adding 1-5 mass percent of Cu into a CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy and is prepared by adopting two steps of MA and SPS. The CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy used in the invention has the same molar ratio of each component. During preparation, CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy powder and Cu powder are weighed and subjected to ball milling under the protection of gas to obtain powder; and then putting the powder into a die, and sintering by discharge plasma to obtain the antibacterial high-entropy alloy. The antibacterial high-entropy alloy has broad-spectrum and long-acting antibacterial activity, simultaneously has good wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and can meet the service requirements under certain severe conditions.
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the following embodiments do not limit the claims of the invention in any way.
Comparative example 1 a sintered CoCrFeMnNi-0Cu alloy was prepared.
According to the equal molar ratio of the components, CoCrFeMnNi powder (with the purity of 99.9 percent and the granularity of 1 mu m) is put into a ball milling tank protected by argon, the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1, 5 wt.% of absolute ethyl alcohol is added as a control agent, the ball milling speed is 300 r/min, and the powder is obtained after ball milling for 45 hours and drying; putting the powder into a graphite die with the diameter of 20mm, putting the die into a discharge plasma sintering furnace, vacuumizing to 6Pa, introducing argon for protection, pressurizing to 50MPa, heating to 900 ℃, and preserving heat for 8min to obtain a CoCrFeMnNi alloy which is marked as a CoCrFeMnNi-0Cu alloy.
Comparative example 2 a sintered cocrfermni-10 Cu alloy was prepared.
According to the equal molar ratio of the components, CoCrFeMnNi powder (with the purity of 99.9 percent and the granularity of 1 mu m) and 10 wt.% of Cu powder (with the purity of 99.9 percent and the granularity of 1 mu m) are put into a ball milling tank protected by argon, the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1, 5 wt.% of absolute ethyl alcohol is added as a control agent, the ball milling speed is 300 r/min, and the powder is obtained after ball milling for 45 hours; putting the powder into a graphite die with the diameter of 20mm, putting the die into a discharge plasma sintering furnace, vacuumizing to 6Pa, introducing argon for protection, pressurizing to 50MPa, heating to 900 ℃, and preserving heat for 8min to obtain a CoCrFeMnNi alloy which is marked as a CoCrFeMnNi-10Cu alloy.
Example 1 mechanical alloying preparation of powder Material by ball milling
According to the equal molar ratio of the components, CoCrFeMnNi powder (with the purity of 99.9 percent and the granularity of 1 mu m) is put into a ball milling tank protected by argon, the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1, 1 wt.% of absolute ethyl alcohol is added as a control agent, the ball milling speed is 300 r/min, and the powder is obtained after ball milling for 45 hours and drying.
Example 2 mechanical alloying preparation of powder
According to the equal molar ratio of the components, CoCrFeMnNi powder (with the purity of 99.9 percent and the granularity of 1 mu m) is put into a ball milling tank protected by argon, the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1, 10 wt.% of absolute ethyl alcohol is added as a control agent, the ball milling speed is 300 r/min, and the powder is obtained after ball milling for 45 hours and drying.
Example 3 mechanical alloying preparation of powder
According to the equal molar ratio of the components, CoCrFeMnNi powder (with the purity of 99.9 percent and the granularity of 1 mu m) is put into a ball milling tank protected by argon, the ball-material ratio is 10:1, 5 wt.% of absolute ethyl alcohol is added as a control agent, the ball milling speed is 100 r/min, and the powder is obtained after ball milling for 45 hours and drying.
Example 4 mechanical alloying preparation of powder
According to the equal molar ratio of the components, CoCrFeMnNi powder (with the purity of 99.9 percent and the granularity of 1 mu m) is put into a ball milling tank protected by argon, the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1, 5 wt.% of absolute ethyl alcohol is added as a control agent, the ball milling speed is 500 r/min, and the powder is obtained after ball milling for 45 hours and drying.
From the above examples 1-4, it can be seen that the ball milling parameters can affect the speed of the powder alloying process during the mechanical alloying ball milling process. When the control agent is 1 wt.% (example 1), cold welding and pollutant introduction can be caused to the powder with too high energy, and the powder is in a sheet shape; when the control agent was 10 wt.% (example 2), the ball milled powders would stick together; when the rotating speed is 100 revolutions per minute (example 3), the alloying effect is not obvious; when the rotation speed is 500 rpm (example 4), the powder after ball milling has larger granularity and has slight cold welding phenomenon. Therefore, in the mechanical alloying ball milling process, the adding amount of the control agent is controlled to be 3-8 wt.%, and the rotating speed is controlled to be 200-400 r/min.
Example 5 preparation of a sintered CoCrFeMnNi-1Cu alloy
(1) According to the equal molar ratio of the components, CoCrFeMnNi powder (with the purity of 99.9 percent and the granularity of 1 mu m) is put into a ball milling tank protected by argon, the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1, 5 wt.% of absolute ethyl alcohol is added as a control agent, the ball milling speed is 250 r/min, and the powder is obtained after ball milling for 45 hours and drying.
(2) Putting the powder obtained in the step (1) into a graphite die with the diameter of 20mm, putting the die into a discharge plasma sintering furnace, vacuumizing to 6Pa, introducing argon gas for protection, pressurizing to 50MPa, heating to 700 ℃, and preserving heat for 8min to obtain the alloy marked as CoCrFeMnNi-1Cu alloy.
Example 6 preparation of a sintered CoCrFeMnNi-1Cu alloy
(1) According to the equal molar ratio of the components, CoCrFeMnNi powder (with the purity of 99.9 percent and the granularity of 1 mu m) is put into a ball milling tank protected by argon, the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1, 5 wt.% of absolute ethyl alcohol is added as a control agent, the ball milling speed is 300 r/min, and the powder is obtained after ball milling for 45 hours and drying.
(2) Putting the powder obtained in the step (1) into a graphite die with the diameter of 20mm, putting the die into a discharge plasma sintering furnace, vacuumizing to 6Pa, introducing argon gas for protection, pressurizing to 50MPa, heating to 1100 ℃, and preserving heat for 8min to obtain the alloy marked as CoCrFeMnNi-1Cu alloy.
Example 7 preparation of a sintered CoCrFeMnNi-1Cu alloy
(1) According to the equal molar ratio of the components, CoCrFeMnNi powder (with the purity of 99.9 percent and the granularity of 1 mu m) is put into a ball milling tank protected by argon, the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1, 5 wt.% of absolute ethyl alcohol is added as a control agent, the ball milling speed is 300 r/min, and the powder is obtained after ball milling for 45 hours and drying.
(2) Putting the powder obtained in the step (1) into a graphite die with the diameter of 20mm, putting the die into a discharge plasma sintering furnace, vacuumizing to 6Pa, introducing argon gas for protection, pressurizing to 20MPa, heating to 900 ℃, and preserving heat for 8min to obtain the alloy marked as CoCrFeMnNi-1Cu alloy.
From the above examples 5 and 7, it can be concluded that the sintering parameters influence the properties of the alloy during spark plasma sintering. When the sintering temperature is 700 ℃ (example 5) or the sintering pressure is 20MPa (example 7), the compactness can be reduced, and the wear resistance of the alloy is further reduced; at a sintering temperature of 1100 deg.C (example 6), some grain growth occurs, resulting in a decrease in the properties. Therefore, in the invention, in the spark plasma sintering process, the sintering temperature is limited to 800-1000 ℃, and the sintering pressure is controlled to be 30-50 MPa.
Example 8 preparation of a sintered CoCrFeMnNi-1Cu alloy
(1) Weighing 99 wt.% of CoCrFeMnNi powder (with the purity of 99.9 percent and the granularity of 1 mu m) and 1 wt.% of Cu powder (with the purity of 99.9 percent and the granularity of 1 mu m), putting the powder into an argon-protected ball milling tank, adding 5 wt.% of absolute ethyl alcohol as a control agent at the ball milling speed of 300 r/min, and drying after ball milling for 45 hours to obtain CoCrFeMnNi-1Cu powder;
(2) putting the powder obtained in the step (1) into a graphite die with the diameter of 20mm, putting the die into a discharge plasma sintering furnace, vacuumizing to 6Pa, introducing argon gas for protection, pressurizing to 50MPa, heating to 900 ℃, and preserving heat for 8min to obtain the alloy marked as CoCrFeMnNi-1Cu alloy.
Example 9 preparation of a sintered CoCrFeMnNi-3Cu alloy
(1) Weighing 97 wt.% of CoCrFeMnNi powder (with the purity of 99.9 percent and the granularity of 1 mu m) and 3 wt.% of Cu powder (with the purity of 99.9 percent and the granularity of 1 mu m), putting the powder into an argon-protected ball milling tank, adding 5 wt.% of absolute ethyl alcohol as a control agent, performing ball-material ratio of 10:1 and rotation speed of 300 r/min, performing ball milling for 45 hours, and drying to obtain CoCrFeMnNi-1Cu powder;
(2) putting the powder obtained in the step (1) into a graphite die with the diameter of 20mm, putting the die into a discharge plasma sintering furnace, vacuumizing to 6Pa, introducing argon gas for protection, pressurizing to 50MPa, heating to 900 ℃, and preserving heat for 8min to obtain the alloy marked as CoCrFeMnNi-3Cu alloy.
Example 10 preparation of an as-sintered CoCrFeMnNi-5Cu alloy
(1) Weighing 95 wt.% of CoCrFeMnNi powder (with the purity of 99.9 percent and the granularity of 1 mu m) and 5 wt.% of Cu powder (with the purity of 99.9 percent and the granularity of 1 mu m), putting the powder into an argon-protected ball milling tank, adding 5 wt.% of absolute ethyl alcohol as a control agent, performing ball-material ratio of 10:1 and rotation speed of 300 r/min, performing ball milling for 45 hours, and drying to obtain CoCrFeMnNi-5Cu powder;
(2) putting the powder into a graphite die with the diameter of 20mm, putting the die into a discharge plasma sintering furnace, vacuumizing to 6Pa, introducing argon for protection, pressurizing to 50MPa, heating to 900 ℃, and preserving heat for 8min to obtain the alloy marked as CoCrFeMnNi-5Cu alloy.
The alloys obtained in comparative examples 1-2 and examples 8-10 were tested for corrosion resistance, wear resistance and antibacterial property, and the testing methods were as follows:
1. detection of antibacterial Properties
(1) Cutting a CoCrFeMnNi-xCu antibacterial high-entropy alloy sample prepared from 'MA + SPS', taking the CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (namely the CoCrFeMnNi-0Cu alloy) prepared by a comparative example as a reference sample, wherein the sizes of the samples are all
And mechanically polishing and cleaning the sample.
(2) And (3) carrying out an antibacterial experiment on the sample by adopting a film coating method. The initial concentration of bacteria (E.coli or S.aureus) was 107CFU/ml and 50. mu.l of the sample was placed on the surface of the sample in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) (NaCl 8.0g/L, KCl0.2g/L, Na)2HPO4 1.56g/L，KH2PO40.2g/L) for 1 day, coating a plate, culturing for 1 day, and counting viable bacteria; the antibacterial rate was calculated according to the following formula: percent antibacterial rate [ (% viable count on surface of control sample-viable count on surface of antibacterial high-entropy alloy)/viable count on surface of control sample]X 100%, wherein the viable count on the surface of the sample refers to the viable count of bacteria attached to the surface of the sample after culturing the bacteria on the sample.
2. Test of Corrosion resistance
Cutting a CoCrFeMnNi-xCu antibacterial high-entropy alloy sample and a CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (namely a control CoCrFeMnNi-0Cu alloy prepared by a comparative example) prepared by 'MA + SPS' and prepared by various examples, wherein the sizes of the samples are all the same
Mechanically polishing and cleaning the sample; an electrochemical workstation is utilized to test the alloy sample at 1mol/LH under the constant temperature condition of 30 DEG C2SO4And obtaining the corrosion current density by a potentiodynamic polarization curve in the solution, and quantitatively evaluating the acid corrosion resistance of the antibacterial high-entropy alloy with different copper contents. The potential sweep ranged from (-1.5) to 0.4V, and the sweep rate was 5 mV/s.
3. Frictional wear performance test
Cutting a CoCrFeMnNi-xCu antibacterial high-entropy alloy sample prepared from 'MA + SPS' and a CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (a reference sample, namely a CoCrFeMnNi-0Cu alloy), wherein the sizes of the samples are all
Mechanically polishing and cleaning the sample; a rotary friction and wear testing machine is utilized, a ball/plate contact mode is adopted, WC-Co hard alloy balls with the diameter of 6mm are used as a pair-grinding pair, all friction testing conditions are dry friction sliding, the temperature is room temperature, the relative humidity is 50 +/-20%, the load is 5N, and the rotating speed is 200 revolutions per minute. The wear volume is measured using a three-dimensional white light interferometer.
The corrosion resistance, wear resistance and antibacterial performance of the alloy are tested, and the corrosion current density, wear rate and antibacterial rate of the alloy are shown in table 1.
FIG. 1 shows the coating photographs of CoCrFeMnNi alloy prepared in comparative example 1 (left) and CoCrFeMnNi-5Cu antibacterial high-entropy alloy prepared in example 9 (right) after co-culturing with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli for 24 h. FIG. 2 shows CoCrFeMnNi-xCu (x ═ 0, 10, 1, 3, 5) alloys prepared in comparative examples 1 and 2 and examples 8-10 at 1mol/L H2SO4Potentiodynamic polarization profiles in solution. Fig. 3 shows the wear scar cross-sectional profile (a) and the average wear rate (b) of cocrfelmni-xCu (x ═ 0, 10, 1, 3, 5) alloys prepared in comparative examples 1 and 2 and examples 8 to 10.
Table 1: results of testing corrosion resistance, wear resistance and antibacterial property of the high-entropy alloys prepared in comparative examples 1 to 2 and examples 8 to 10
As shown in Table 1 and FIGS. 1-3, the wear rate of the antibacterial high-entropy alloy prepared by the preparation method is (2.7-4.0) x 10-4mm3·N-1·m-1The corrosion current density is 2.3-4.5 nA/cm2The antibacterial rate of Escherichia coli is 59.2-93.9%, and the antibacterial rate of Staphylococcus aureus is 73.0-99.8%. The antibacterial high-entropy alloy has broad-spectrum and long-acting antibacterial activity and simultaneously has good wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
As the copper content increases, its wear rate decreases first and then increases, and when the copper content increases to 5 wt.%, its wear rate is lowest with optimal wear resistance; the self-corrosion current density of the copper alloy is gradually reduced along with the increase of the copper content, and when the copper content is increased to 5%, the self-corrosion current density is the lowest, so that the copper alloy has good corrosion resistance; the antibacterial rate is gradually improved along with the increase of the copper content. In the invention, the addition amount of the copper element is limited to the range of 1-5 wt.%, and the comprehensive performance is better when the copper element of 5 wt.% is added.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are illustrative only and not restrictive, and various modifications which do not depart from the spirit of the present invention and which are intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. An antibacterial high-entropy alloy is characterized in that: the antibacterial high-entropy alloy contains 95-99% of CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy and 1-5% of Cu by mass ratio, wherein the content of each component of the CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy is equal to the molar ratio; the wear rate of the antibacterial high-entropy alloy is (2.7-4.0) multiplied by 10-4mm3·N-1·m-1The corrosion current density is 2.3-4.5 nA/cm2The antibacterial rate of Escherichia coli is 59.2-93.9%, and the antibacterial rate of Staphylococcus aureus is 73.0-99.8%.
2. The preparation method of the antibacterial high-entropy alloy according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) taking CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy powder and Cu powder as raw materials, weighing 1-5% of copper powder and 95-99% of CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy powder according to mass percent, adding the copper powder and the CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy powder into a ball-milling tank protected by inert gas, wherein the mass ratio of ball materials is (10-20) to 1, adding 3-8% of absolute ethyl alcohol as a control agent according to mass percent, the ball-milling rotation speed is 200-400 r/min, and drying the ball-milling for 30-60 hours to obtain powder;
(2) adding the powder obtained in the step (1) into a mold, and then placing the mold into a discharge plasma sintering furnace for sintering to obtain an antibacterial high-entropy alloy; the sintering process parameters are as follows: the pressure is more than or equal to 30MPa, the temperature is 800-1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-20 minutes.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: the CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy powder is gas atomized CoCrFeMnNi prealloy powder, the purity is more than or equal to 99 percent, and the granularity is less than or equal to 100 mu m; the purity of the Cu powder is more than or equal to 99 percent, and the granularity is less than or equal to 100 mu m.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein: in the step (1), the mass ratio of the ball materials is 10:1, the mass percent of the added absolute ethyl alcohol is 5%, the ball milling speed is 300 r/min, and the ball milling time is 45 hours.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein: in the step (2), in the sintering process parameters, the pressure is 50MPa, the temperature is 900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 8 minutes.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111638512.7A CN114480897A (en) | 2021-12-29 | 2021-12-29 | Antibacterial high-entropy alloy and preparation method thereof |
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| CN115958192A (en) * | 2023-01-09 | 2023-04-14 | 东北大学 | Efficient antibacterial high-entropy alloy nanoparticle and preparation method and application thereof |
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