CN114478979A - Polyurethane rigid foam material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Polyurethane rigid foam material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
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- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/125—Water, e.g. hydrated salts
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- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
- C08J9/143—Halogen containing compounds
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- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
- C08J9/143—Halogen containing compounds
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- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
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- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0025—Foam properties rigid
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- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/20—Ternary blends of expanding agents
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- C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
- C08J2205/10—Rigid foams
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- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a polyurethane rigid foam material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the polyurethane rigid foam material consists of a component A and a component B in a volume ratio of 1: 1.3-1: 2.5, wherein: the component A is an isocyanate mixture; the component B is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10-40% of polyester polyol, 10-60% of polyether polyol, 6.0-15% of foaming agent, 0.1-3.0% of foam stabilizer, 0.1-2.0% of flame retardant, 5.0-20% of catalyst, 0.2-3.0% of anti-ultraviolet agent and 10-25% of nano silicon dioxide-glass fiber mixed material. The polyurethane rigid foam material prepared by the invention has higher mechanical strength, excellent heat insulation performance and moderate density, and completely meets the performance requirements of high-end technical fields such as aerospace and the like on heat insulation materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of foam material preparation, in particular to a polyurethane rigid foam material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The hard polyurethane foam has excellent heat insulating performance, so that it is used widely in heat insulating house, factory, cold storage, storage tank and other fields. In addition, because the polyurethane foam has small density and light weight, the polyurethane foam has good application prospect in high-end fields with severe requirements on product weight, such as aerospace.
However, the mechanical strength of the rigid polyurethane foam is generally low, and the rigid polyurethane foam cannot meet the high requirements of the fields of aerospace and the like on the mechanical properties of heat-insulating materials, so that the popularization of the rigid polyurethane foam in the high-end technical field is limited.
The invention improves the polyurethane production process by an ingenious method, and the prepared polyurethane hard foam has extremely high mechanical strength besides ensuring extremely low heat conductivity coefficient, and completely meets the conditions of being applied to high-end technical fields.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems, and provides a polyurethane rigid foam material in a first aspect, which has low heat conductivity coefficient and high mechanical strength, and can completely meet the performance requirements of high-end fields such as aerospace and the like on heat insulation.
The technical scheme of the polyurethane rigid foam material is as follows:
a polyurethane rigid foam material is composed of a component A and a component B in a volume ratio of 1: 1.3-1: 2.5, wherein:
the component A is an isocyanate mixture;
the component B is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10-40% of polyester polyol, 10-60% of polyether polyol, 6.0-15% of foaming agent, 0.1-3.0% of foam stabilizer, 0.1-2.0% of flame retardant, 5.0-20% of catalyst, 0.2-3.0% of anti-ultraviolet agent and 10-25% of nano silicon dioxide-glass fiber mixed material.
In some embodiments, the isocyanate mixture is prepared by blending polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanate and lysine diisocyanate according to the weight ratio of 7: 1-3: 1.
In some embodiments, the polyester polyol, the polyether polyol, and both include polyols that are difunctional and more than difunctional; the hydroxyl value of the polyether polyol is 550-750 mgKOH/g, and the average functionality is more than 3; the polyester polyol has a hydroxyl value of 150-250 mgKOH/g, an average functionality of more than 3 and a viscosity of less than 2500 mPa.s.
In some embodiments, the blowing agent comprises a physical blowing agent and a chemical blowing agent, wherein the physical blowing agent is 5.8-14% by weight of the B-component, and the chemical blowing agent is 0.2-2% by weight of the B-component.
In some embodiments, the physical blowing agent is one or both of tetrachloromethane, 1,2, 2-tetrachloroethane; the chemical foaming agent is water. The two foaming agents act synergistically to achieve the purpose of rapid foaming.
In some embodiments, the catalyst comprises an amine catalyst and an organometallic compound catalyst, wherein the amine catalyst is present in the B component in an amount of 1 to 10 wt%, and the organometallic compound catalyst is present in the B component in an amount of 3 to 12 wt%.
In some embodiments, the polyurethane rigid foam material has a thermal conductivity of < 0.022w/Mk, a flexural strength of > 0.35Mpa, and a compressive strength of > 550 KPa.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the rigid polyurethane foam material, comprising the following steps:
blending the component A and the component B in a volume ratio of 1: 1.3-1: 2.5, injecting the mixture into a spraying machine, and spraying the mixture onto the surface of a target object;
and after the polyurethane rigid foam layer is completely cured, polishing the surface of the polyurethane rigid foam layer to obtain the polyurethane rigid foam material with a preset thickness.
The polyurethane rigid foam material prepared by the invention has higher mechanical strength, excellent heat insulation performance and moderate density, and completely meets the performance requirements of high-end technical fields such as aerospace and the like on heat insulation materials.
Detailed Description
The description is further elucidated with reference to specific examples. The description is to be regarded as illustrative and explanatory only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention in any way.
Example 1
120 parts of phenyl polymethylene polyisocyanate (PAPI) and 40 parts of Lysine Diisocyanate (LDI) are blended to obtain the component A.
Taking 40 parts of polyether polyol, 50 parts of polyester polyol, 17 parts of tetrachloromethane and 1,1,2, 2-tetrachloroethane, 0.7 part of water, 1 part of flame retardant, 8 parts of amine catalyst, 3.5 parts of organic metal compound catalyst, 1.2 parts of anti-ultraviolet agent and 28 parts of nano silicon dioxide-glass fiber, and blending to obtain a component B;
and mixing the component A and the component B, injecting the mixture into a spraying machine, spraying the mixture to the surface of a target object, forming a rigid polyurethane foam layer after the mixture is completely cured, and polishing the surface of the rigid polyurethane foam layer to obtain the rigid polyurethane foam material with the preset thickness.
The obtained rigid polyurethane foam was subjected to a performance test, and the test results are shown in the following table 1:
table 1.
| Physical Properties | Unit of | Test results | Test standard |
| Coefficient of thermal conductivity | w/Mk | 0.019 | GB/T3399-1982 |
| Density of | Kg/m3 | 38 | GB4472-84 |
| Compressive strength | KPa | 560 | GB/T8813-1988 |
| Strength against bending | mPa | 0.38 | GB/T 6569-86 |
Example 2
120 parts of phenyl polymethylene polyisocyanate (PAPI) and 40 parts of Lysine Diisocyanate (LDI) are blended to obtain the component A.
Taking 35 parts of polyether polyol, 55 parts of polyester polyol, 18 parts of tetrachloromethane and 1,1,2, 2-tetrachloroethane, 0.8 part of water, 1.2 parts of flame retardant, 9 parts of amine catalyst, 4 parts of organic metal compound catalyst, 1 part of anti-ultraviolet agent and 32 parts of nano silicon dioxide-glass fiber, and blending to obtain a component B;
and mixing the component A and the component B, injecting the mixture into a spraying machine, spraying the mixture to the surface of a target object, forming a rigid polyurethane foam layer after the mixture is completely cured, and polishing the surface of the rigid polyurethane foam layer to obtain the rigid polyurethane foam material with the preset thickness.
The obtained rigid polyurethane foam was subjected to a performance test, and the test results are shown in the following table 2:
table 2.
| Physical Properties | Unit of | Test results | Test standard |
| Coefficient of thermal conductivity | w/Mk | 0.020 | GB/T3399-1982 |
| Density of | Kg/m3 | 40 | GB4472-84 |
| Compressive strength | KPa | 564 | GB/T8813-1988 |
| Strength against bending | mPa | 0.39 | GB/T 6569-86 |
Example 3
120 parts of phenyl polymethylene polyisocyanate (PAPI) and 40 parts of Lysine Diisocyanate (LDI) are blended to obtain the component A.
Taking 45 parts of polyether polyol, 45 parts of polyester polyol, 19 parts of tetrachloromethane and 1,1,2, 2-tetrachloroethane, 1.5 parts of water, 0.9 part of flame retardant, 7 parts of amine catalyst, 2.5 parts of organic metal compound catalyst, 0.9 part of anti-ultraviolet agent and 38 parts of nano silicon dioxide-glass fiber, and blending to obtain a component B;
and mixing the component A and the component B, injecting the mixture into a spraying machine, spraying the mixture to the surface of a target object, forming a rigid polyurethane foam layer after the mixture is completely cured, and polishing the surface of the rigid polyurethane foam layer to obtain the rigid polyurethane foam material with the preset thickness.
The obtained rigid polyurethane foam was subjected to a performance test, and the test results are shown in the following table 3:
table 3.
| Physical Properties | Unit of | Test results | Test standard |
| Coefficient of thermal conductivity | w/Mk | 0.022 | GB/T3399-1982 |
| Density of | Kg/m3 | 41 | GB4472-84 |
| Compressive strength | KPa | 563 | GB/T8813-1988 |
| Strength against bending | mPa | 0.40 | GB/T 6569-86 |
Example 4
120 parts of phenyl polymethylene polyisocyanate (PAPI) and 40 parts of Lysine Diisocyanate (LDI) are blended to obtain the component A.
Taking 30 parts of polyether polyol, 60 parts of polyester polyol, 14 parts of tetrachloromethane and 1,1,2, 2-tetrachloroethane, 4 parts of water, 0.5 part of flame retardant, 10 parts of amine catalyst, 2 parts of organic metal compound catalyst, 2 parts of anti-ultraviolet agent and 28 parts of nano silicon dioxide-glass fiber, and blending to obtain a component B;
and mixing the component A and the component B, injecting the mixture into a spraying machine, spraying the mixture to the surface of a target object, forming a rigid polyurethane foam layer after the mixture is completely cured, and polishing the surface of the rigid polyurethane foam layer to obtain the rigid polyurethane foam material with the preset thickness.
The obtained rigid polyurethane foam was subjected to a performance test, and the test results are shown in the following table 4:
table 4.
| Physical Properties | Unit of | Test results | Test standard |
| Coefficient of thermal conductivity | w/Mk | 0.019 | GB/T3399-1982 |
| Density of | Kg/m3 | 36 | GB4472-84 |
| Compressive strength | KPa | 540 | GB/T8813-1988 |
| Strength against bending | mPa | 0.35 | GB/T 6569-86 |
Example 5
120 parts of phenyl polymethylene polyisocyanate (PAPI) and 40 parts of Lysine Diisocyanate (LDI) are blended to obtain the component A.
Taking 50 parts of polyether polyol, 40 parts of polyester polyol, 12 parts of tetrachloromethane and 1,1,2, 2-tetrachloroethane, 0.5 part of water, 0.5 part of flame retardant, 5 parts of amine catalyst, 5 parts of organic metal compound catalyst, 0.5 part of anti-ultraviolet agent and 40 parts of nano silicon dioxide-glass fiber, and blending to obtain a component B;
and mixing the component A and the component B, injecting the mixture into a spraying machine, spraying the mixture to the surface of a target object, forming a rigid polyurethane foam layer after the mixture is completely cured, and polishing the surface of the rigid polyurethane foam layer to obtain the rigid polyurethane foam material with the preset thickness.
The obtained rigid polyurethane foam was subjected to a performance test, and the test results are shown in the following table 5:
table 5.
| Physical Properties | Unit of | Test results | Test standard |
| Coefficient of thermal conductivity | w/Mk | 0.020 | GB/T3399-1982 |
| Density of | Kg/m3 | 38 | GB4472-84 |
| Compressive strength | KPa | 545 | GB/T8813-1988 |
| Strength against bending | mPa | 0.36 | GB/T 6569-86 |
Tests show that the rigid polyurethane foam product provided by the embodiment of the invention has high strength, excellent heat insulation performance and moderate density, and completely meets the application conditions in the high-end technical fields of aerospace and the like.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The polyurethane rigid foam material is characterized by consisting of a component A and a component B in a volume ratio of 1: 1.3-1: 2.5, wherein:
the component A is an isocyanate mixture;
the component B is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10-40% of polyester polyol, 10-60% of polyether polyol, 6.0-15% of foaming agent, 0.1-3.0% of foam stabilizer, 0.1-2.0% of flame retardant, 5.0-20% of catalyst, 0.2-3.0% of anti-ultraviolet agent and 10-25% of nano silicon dioxide-glass fiber mixed material.
2. The rigid polyurethane foam according to claim 1, wherein the isocyanate mixture is prepared by blending a polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanate and a lysine diisocyanate in a weight ratio of 7:1 to 3: 1.
3. The rigid polyurethane foam according to claim 1, wherein the polyester polyol and the polyether polyol each comprise a polyol having two or more functionalities;
the hydroxyl value of the polyether polyol is 550-750 mgKOH/g, and the average functionality is more than 3;
the polyester polyol has a hydroxyl value of 150-250 mgKOH/g, an average functionality of more than 3 and a viscosity of less than 2500 mPa.s.
4. The rigid polyurethane foam according to claim 1, wherein the blowing agent comprises a physical blowing agent and a chemical blowing agent, wherein the physical blowing agent is present in the B-component in an amount of 5.8 to 14% by weight, and the chemical blowing agent is present in the B-component in an amount of 0.2 to 2% by weight.
5. The rigid polyurethane foam according to claim 4, wherein:
the physical foaming agent is one or two of tetrachloromethane and 1,1,2, 2-tetrachloroethane;
the chemical foaming agent is water.
6. The rigid polyurethane foam according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst comprises an amine catalyst and an organometallic compound catalyst, wherein the amine catalyst is present in the B component in an amount of 1 to 10% by weight, and the organometallic compound catalyst is present in the B component in an amount of 3 to 12% by weight.
7. The rigid polyurethane foam according to claim 1, wherein the rigid polyurethane foam has a thermal conductivity of < 0.022w/Mk, a flexural strength of > 0.35Mpa and a compressive strength of > 550 KPa.
8. A process for producing the rigid polyurethane foam according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: which comprises the following steps:
blending the component A and the component B in a volume ratio of 1: 1.3-1: 2.5, injecting the mixture into a spraying machine, and spraying the mixture onto the surface of a target object;
and forming a rigid polyurethane foam layer after the rigid polyurethane foam layer is completely cured, and polishing the surface of the rigid polyurethane foam layer to obtain the rigid polyurethane foam material with a preset thickness.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105176066A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-23 | 安徽省思维新型建材有限公司 | Heat-resistant and flame-retardant polyurethane foam |
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