CN114477083B - Biomass refining method and system utilizing waste self-hydrogen and solvent - Google Patents

Biomass refining method and system utilizing waste self-hydrogen and solvent Download PDF

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CN114477083B
CN114477083B CN202210249582.1A CN202210249582A CN114477083B CN 114477083 B CN114477083 B CN 114477083B CN 202210249582 A CN202210249582 A CN 202210249582A CN 114477083 B CN114477083 B CN 114477083B
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hydrogen
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CN114477083A (en
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肖睿
刘超
徐维聪
孔祥琛
李培君
范宇阳
李明
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Southeast University
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    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
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    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
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    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/323Catalytic reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds other than hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
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    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/50Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
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    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
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    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0465Composition of the impurity
    • C01B2203/0475Composition of the impurity the impurity being carbon dioxide
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    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/12Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1205Composition of the feed
    • C01B2203/1211Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
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    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/12Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1258Pre-treatment of the feed

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Abstract

The invention relates to a biomass refining method and a biomass refining system utilizing waste self-hydrogen and solvent, wherein the method comprises the following steps: refining biomass, and separating the refined mixed slurry to obtain a target product and organic waste; gasifying the organic waste to obtain a mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon dioxide; introducing the mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon dioxide into an electrochemical reaction device, and converting the carbon dioxide into a solvent through electroreduction and simultaneously obtaining purified hydrogen; the solvent and the purified hydrogen are recycled for biomass refining to form circulation. The invention utilizes the hydrogen and the solvent required by the self-supply refining process of the organic waste generated by biomass refining, realizes the full-component utilization of biomass, has high atomic utilization rate, avoids a plurality of problems existing in the traditional thermal conversion of carbon dioxide generated by biomass gasification and gasification, is suitable for any biomass refining process capable of generating organic waste, and has low operation cost and good economic benefit.

Description

Biomass refining method and system utilizing waste self-hydrogen and solvent
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biomass resource utilization, in particular to a biomass refining method and system utilizing waste to self-supply hydrogen and solvent.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous adjustment of global energy supply systems, biomass has become the fourth largest resource behind petroleum, coal and natural gas, providing about 10% of the annual primary energy sources worldwide. Compared with renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, nuclear energy and the like, biomass is the only renewable resource containing carbon, and the renewable organic carbon source attribute of the biomass enables the biomass to be used for combustion power generation, and can be used for preparing alternative fuels suitable for engine combustion and fine platform chemicals suitable for large-scale chemical production. Biomass is the only green resource capable of comprehensively replacing petrochemical resources, so that the development of biomass energy has important significance for further pushing energy structure transformation, reducing petrochemical energy consumption and relieving environmental problems caused by the petrochemical energy structure transformation.
However, biomass is complex in composition (e.g., lignocellulosic biomass mainly contains three organic components of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, and algal biomass mainly contains organic components of protein, polysaccharide, and fat), and biomass refining directed to a specific target product often only uses a specific component of biomass, while other components are produced as waste. Therefore, the waste yield is large in the biomass refining process, which results in low overall utilization of biomass and the generated waste requires additional cost for disposal. In addition, most biomass refining processes require hydrogen and solvents to participate in, and the required hydrogen and solvents are generally available for outsourcing, thus the cost is high, and the economy of biomass refining is further reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a biomass refining method and a biomass refining system which utilize waste to self-supply hydrogen and solvent, and aims to improve the biomass utilization rate and reduce the cost.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in one aspect, a method for refining biomass from hydrogen and solvent using waste is provided, comprising:
refining biomass, and separating the refined mixed slurry to obtain a target product and organic waste;
gasifying the organic waste to obtain a mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon dioxide;
introducing the mixed gas of the hydrogen and the carbon dioxide into an electrochemical reaction device, converting the carbon dioxide into a solvent through electroreduction, and simultaneously obtaining purified hydrogen;
and recycling the solvent and the purified hydrogen to the biomass refining to form circulation.
The further technical scheme is as follows:
and a catalytic hydrothermal gasification method is adopted when the organic waste is gasified.
Further comprises: by varying the type of catalyst on the cathode of the electrochemical reaction device, different solvents are obtained.
Further comprises: and (3) for biomass refining, separating the refined mixed slurry to obtain a target product, organic waste and unreacted solvent, and recycling the unreacted solvent for the biomass refining.
The solvent is one or more of methanol, formic acid, ethanol, acetic acid and propanol.
In another aspect, there is provided a biomass refining system utilizing waste self-supplied hydrogen and solvent, comprising:
the biomass refining device is provided with a feed inlet, an air inlet A, a solvent inlet and a discharge outlet;
the product separation device is provided with a sample inlet B, a target product outlet and a waste outlet;
the hydrothermal gasification device is provided with a sample inlet C, a water inlet and a gas outlet C;
the electrochemical reaction device is provided with an air inlet D, an air outlet D and a sample outlet;
the discharge port is connected with the sample inlet B, and the waste outlet is connected with the sample inlet C;
the air outlet C is connected with the air inlet D and is used for inputting the mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon dioxide generated by gasifying the waste into an electrochemical reaction device;
the solvent inlet is connected with the sample outlet, the air inlet A is connected with the air outlet D, and the solvent and purified hydrogen are used for recycling the solvent subjected to the electroreduction conversion of carbon dioxide in the electrochemical reaction device to the biomass refining device for reuse.
The further technical scheme is as follows:
and a catalyst for catalyzing carbon dioxide to generate electroreduction reaction is arranged on the cathode of the electrochemical reaction device.
The separation device is also provided with a solvent recovery outlet, and the solvent recovery outlet is connected with the solvent inlet.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention utilizes the hydrogen and the solvent required by the self-supply refining process of the organic waste generated by biomass refining, realizes the full-component utilization of biomass, has high atomic utilization rate, low running cost and good economic benefit, and is suitable for any biomass refining process capable of generating organic waste. Avoiding a plurality of problems existing in the traditional thermal conversion of carbon dioxide generated by biomass gasification and gasification. The invention has the following advantages:
(1) The invention adopts the hydrothermal gasification method to gasify the waste, the required device is simple, the operation is convenient, the operation condition is mild, the energy consumption is low, and the large-scale device and the high temperature requirement required by the traditional gasification are avoided. And the problems of tar blockage and the like are avoided, and the organic waste can be directionally gasified into hydrogen and carbon dioxide under the action of the catalyst.
(2) Compared with the high energy consumption and high hydrogen consumption of the traditional carbon dioxide thermal conversion system, the invention adopts the electric reduction method to treat carbon dioxide, has low energy requirement, can realize stable operation by utilizing low-grade electric energy or peak regulation redundant electric energy generated by renewable energy sources, and has strong adaptability. The carbon dioxide conversion process does not need to consume hydrogen, and the purification of hydrogen in gasification gas is realized while the carbon dioxide is converted into a solvent.
(3) The cathode catalyst used in the electroreduction is changed, so that the carbon dioxide can be reduced into different solvents such as methanol, formic acid, ethanol, acetic acid, propanol and the like, and the applicability to different types of biomass refining processes is further enhanced.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system structure according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a biomass refining device; 2. a product separation device; 3. a hydrothermal gasification device; 4. an electrochemical reaction device; 101. a feed inlet; 102. an air inlet A; 103. a solvent inlet; 104. a discharge port; 201. a sample inlet B; 202. a target product outlet; 203. a waste outlet; 204. a solvent recovery outlet; 301. a sample inlet C; 302. a water inlet; 303. an air outlet C; 401. an air inlet D; 402. an air outlet D; 403. and a sample outlet.
Detailed Description
The following describes specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the present application provides a biomass refining process utilizing waste self-hydrogen and solvent comprising:
refining biomass, and separating the refined mixed slurry to obtain a target product and organic waste;
gasifying the organic waste to obtain gasified gas, wherein the gasified gas is mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon dioxide;
introducing the mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon dioxide into an electrochemical reaction device, converting the carbon dioxide into a solvent through electroreduction, and obtaining purified hydrogen;
the solvent and the purified hydrogen are recycled for biomass refining to form circulation.
Gasifying gas generated by the hydrothermal gasification of the organic waste is subjected to electrotransformation, carbon dioxide is subjected to electroreduction to generate a solvent, purified hydrogen is separated, the solvent and the purified hydrogen are recycled for biomass refining, full utilization of biomass and self-supply of hydrogen and the solvent in the refining process are realized, and the method is suitable for any biomass refining process capable of generating the organic waste.
The gasification gas is treated by adopting electric conversion, so that the energy requirement is low, and the stable operation can be realized by utilizing low-grade electric energy or peak regulation redundant electric energy generated by renewable energy sources, so that the adaptability is strong. The carbon dioxide conversion process does not need to consume hydrogen, and the purification of hydrogen in gasification gas is realized while the carbon dioxide is converted into a solvent.
Among them, the catalytic hydrothermal gasification method is preferably used for gasifying the organic waste.
The catalytic hydrothermal gasification method is adopted to gasify the organic waste, the required device is simple, the operation is convenient, the operation condition is mild, the large-scale device and the high temperature requirement required by the traditional gasification are avoided, the energy consumption is low, the problems of tar blockage and the like can be avoided, and the organic waste can be directionally gasified into hydrogen and carbon dioxide under the action of the catalyst.
The biomass refining method utilizing the waste self-hydrogen and the solvent, further comprises the following steps:
by varying the type of catalyst on the cathode of the electrochemical reaction device, different solvents are obtained.
The solvent is one or more of methanol, formic acid, ethanol, acetic acid and propanol.
The carbon dioxide can be electrically reduced into different solvents such as methanol, formic acid, ethanol, acetic acid, propanol and the like by changing the cathode catalyst, so that the refining of different types of biomass is realized.
The biomass refining method utilizing the waste self-hydrogen and the solvent, further comprises the following steps:
and (3) for biomass refining, separating the refined mixed slurry to obtain a target product, organic waste and unreacted solvent, and recycling the unreacted solvent for biomass refining.
The following gives a detailed description of a specific set of reaction parameters of the process according to the present application:
in the biomass refining process, a ruthenium-based catalyst is adopted, biomass refining is carried out in a methanol solvent at 100-400 ℃ under the condition of 0.1-10MPa hydrogen, and lignin components in biomass are converted into fuels and chemicals.
In the catalytic hydrothermal gasification process, a nickel-based catalyst is adopted to convert the organic waste water rich in carbohydrate generated in the biomass refining process into a mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon dioxide at the temperature of 100-300 ℃.
In the electrotransformation process, the sample injection flow of the mixed gas of the hydrogen and the carbon dioxide is 10-100sccm, and the copper-based catalyst is adopted to electrically reduce and transform the carbon dioxide in the mixed gas into a methanol solvent, so that purified hydrogen is obtained.
It can be understood by those skilled in the art that in the above technical solutions, the processes of biomass refining, gasification of organic waste by hydrothermal method, electro-reduction reaction of carbon dioxide by electrochemical reaction device, and purification and separation of hydrogen are implemented, and depending on the reaction conditions, such as temperature and time, parameters can be actually adjusted and designed according to the reaction targets.
Referring to fig. 2, a second embodiment of the present application provides a biomass refining system using waste self-hydrogen and solvent, for implementing the biomass refining method using waste self-hydrogen and solvent in the first embodiment, where the system includes:
the biomass refining device 1 is provided with a feed inlet 101, an air inlet A102, a solvent inlet 103 and a discharge outlet 104;
the product separation device 2 is provided with a sample inlet B201, a target product outlet 202 and a waste outlet 203;
the hydrothermal gasification device 3 is provided with a sample inlet C301, a water inlet 302 and a gas outlet C303;
the electrochemical reaction device 4 is provided with an air inlet D401, an air outlet D402 and a sample outlet 403;
wherein, the discharge port 104 is connected with the sample inlet B201, and the waste outlet 203 is connected with the sample inlet C301;
the air outlet C303 is connected with the air inlet D401;
solvent inlet 103 is connected to sample outlet 403, and air inlet a102 is connected to air outlet D402.
The working principle of the refining system of this embodiment is as follows:
biomass, hydrogen and solvent are respectively input into the biomass refining device 1 through a feed inlet 101, an air inlet A102 and a solvent inlet 103, and the biomass is refined under certain conditions to generate mixed slurry;
the generated mixed slurry is output from a discharge port 104 and is input into a product separation device 2 through a sample inlet B201, and target products and organic wastes are separated by the separation device 2; the target product is output through a target product outlet 202, the organic waste is output through a waste outlet 203, and then the organic waste is input into the hydrothermal gasification device 3 through a sample inlet C301 for hydrothermal gasification, and the gasification gas is the mixed gas of carbon dioxide and hydrogen;
the mixed gas is output by the gas outlet C303, enters the electrochemical reaction device 4 through the gas inlet D401, carbon dioxide undergoes an electroreduction reaction in the electrochemical reaction device 4 to generate a solvent, purified hydrogen is obtained at the same time, the solvent and the purified hydrogen are respectively output by the sample outlet 403 and the gas outlet D402, and then enter the biomass refining device 1 through the solvent inlet 103 and the gas inlet A102 respectively to participate in biomass refining again, so that circulation is formed.
Specifically, the electrochemical reaction device 4 is an electrolysis device for providing an electrotransformation reaction, wherein a catalyst for catalyzing carbon dioxide to generate an electroreduction reaction is arranged on the cathode. Different solvent types can be obtained by varying the cathode catalyst.
In order to further increase the utilization, the product separation device 2 is further provided with a solvent recovery outlet 204, the solvent recovery outlet 204 being connected to said solvent inlet 103, whereby unreacted solvent is recovered again for biomass refining.
Specifically, the product separation device 2 separates the unreacted solvent, the waste and the target product by using filtration and membrane separation technology.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A method for refining biomass from hydrogen and solvent by utilizing waste, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
refining biomass, and separating the refined mixed slurry to obtain a target product and organic waste;
gasifying the organic waste by adopting a nickel-based catalyst and adopting a catalytic hydrothermal gasification method at 100-300 ℃ to obtain a mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon dioxide;
introducing the mixed gas of the hydrogen and the carbon dioxide into an electrochemical reaction device, converting the carbon dioxide into a solvent through electroreduction, and simultaneously obtaining purified hydrogen;
and recycling the solvent and the purified hydrogen to the biomass refining to form circulation.
2. The method for refining biomass using self-hydrogen and solvent as recited in claim 1, further comprising: by varying the type of catalyst on the cathode of the electrochemical reaction device, different solvents are obtained.
3. The method for refining biomass using self-hydrogen and solvent as recited in claim 1, further comprising: and (3) for biomass refining, separating the refined mixed slurry to obtain a target product, organic waste and unreacted solvent, and recycling the unreacted solvent for the biomass refining.
4. The method for biomass refining using self-supplied hydrogen and solvent from waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solvent is one or more of methanol, formic acid, ethanol, acetic acid, and propanol.
5. A system for a biomass refining process utilizing waste self-hydrogen and solvent as claimed in any one of claims 1-4 comprising:
the biomass refining device (1) is provided with a feed inlet (101), an air inlet A (102), a solvent inlet (103) and a discharge outlet (104);
the product separation device (2) is provided with a sample inlet B (201), a target product outlet (202) and a waste outlet (203);
the hydrothermal gasification device (3) is provided with a sample inlet C (301), a water inlet (302) and a gas outlet C (303);
an electrochemical reaction device (4) provided with an air inlet D (401), an air outlet D (402) and a sample outlet (403);
the discharge port (104) is connected with the sample inlet B (201), and the waste outlet (203) is connected with the sample inlet C (301);
the air outlet C (303) is connected with the air inlet D (401) and is used for inputting a mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon dioxide generated by gasification of waste into the electrochemical reaction device (4);
the solvent inlet (103) is connected with the sample outlet (403), the air inlet A (102) is connected with the air outlet D (402), and is used for recycling the solvent subjected to the electroreduction conversion of carbon dioxide in the electrochemical reaction device (4) and purified hydrogen to the biomass refining device (1) for reuse;
and a catalyst for catalyzing carbon dioxide to generate electroreduction reaction is arranged on the cathode of the electrochemical reaction device (4).
6. The system according to claim 5, the separation device further being provided with a solvent recovery outlet (204), the solvent recovery outlet (204) being connected with the solvent inlet (103).
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Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012013000A1 (en) * 2012-06-28 2014-01-02 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Producing hydrogen from biomass, comprises e.g. compacting biomass mash, preheating it, hydrolyzing mash, gasifying hydrolyzed mash in supercritical water using catalyst, preferably monolith catalyst, and cooling obtained product gas stream
CN110155948A (en) * 2019-04-11 2019-08-23 江苏大学 A kind of biomass graded gasification hydrogen-producing method
KR20210144152A (en) * 2020-05-21 2021-11-30 한국에너지기술연구원 Pretreatment System for producing formic acid as liquid organic hydrogen carrier using biomass at low temperature and low pressure

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CN103160849B (en) * 2011-12-12 2016-06-08 清华大学 The method of Carbon dioxide electrochemical reduction trans-utilization
WO2014043552A1 (en) * 2012-09-14 2014-03-20 Sundrop Fuels, Inc. Improving renewable carbon content in methanol and other products from gasification of biomass
CN105037103B (en) * 2015-06-29 2017-10-27 中国科学院广州能源研究所 A kind of method of the efficient depolymerization of lignin
CN107840783B (en) * 2017-09-15 2021-05-11 北京林业大学 Method for catalytic depolymerization of biomass by molybdenum oxide catalyst
CN112520694A (en) * 2020-11-11 2021-03-19 东莞市百大新能源股份有限公司 Biomass gas purification treatment process

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012013000A1 (en) * 2012-06-28 2014-01-02 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Producing hydrogen from biomass, comprises e.g. compacting biomass mash, preheating it, hydrolyzing mash, gasifying hydrolyzed mash in supercritical water using catalyst, preferably monolith catalyst, and cooling obtained product gas stream
CN110155948A (en) * 2019-04-11 2019-08-23 江苏大学 A kind of biomass graded gasification hydrogen-producing method
KR20210144152A (en) * 2020-05-21 2021-11-30 한국에너지기술연구원 Pretreatment System for producing formic acid as liquid organic hydrogen carrier using biomass at low temperature and low pressure

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