CN114475292B - 电动汽车无线充电系统和车载充电系统的集成结构 - Google Patents
电动汽车无线充电系统和车载充电系统的集成结构 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提出一种电动汽车无线充电系统和车载充电系统的集成结构,将车载充电系统的变压器替换为:电网侧的车载充电发射线圈和电池侧的车载充电接收线圈,并与地面的无线充电发射线圈两两构成耦合。通过复用部分功率变换环节,可以提高充电系统的功率密度和降低成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于电动汽车、无线充电技术领域,尤其涉及一种电动汽车无线充电系统和车载充电系统的集成结构。
背景技术
化石能源的使用,带来了诸多的环境问题,如温室效应和空气污染等。在当前人们对环境问题越来越重视的背景下,发展和使用清洁能源、实现节能减排和推动可持续发展成为了必然的选择。
充电问题是电动汽车发展急需解决的问题之一。目前电动汽车的充电技术,主要可以分为有线充电和无线充电两种方案。有线充电方案包含车载充电机,其典型拓扑图如说明书附图1所示。功率变换环节包括整流、高频逆变、补偿网络、变压器、补偿网络、整流,最终给电动汽车上的电池充电。
无线充电技术是当前研究和应用的热点技术。具有自动化、便利性和安全性、适用于恶劣天气条件等优势,得到了越来越多的关注。典型的电动汽车无线充电系统的拓扑图如说明书附图2所示。
发明内容
在电动汽车的充电系统中,会装有车载充电和无线充电两套系统。两套系统具有整流、高频逆变、变压器和整流等相同的功率变换环节,最终都连接到电池上给电池充电。车载充电系统的变压器为紧耦合变压器,整套环节均在车上;无线充电系统的变压器为发射线圈和接收线圈,接收线圈之后环节在车上。
考虑电动汽车无线充电系统中的发射线圈和接收线圈,可以看做一个松耦合的变压器。从图1和图2可以看出,电动汽车上会有两套充电系统,经历类似的功率变换环节。而这两套系统,会增加电动汽车的成本和重量。
有鉴于此,为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种电动汽车无线充电系统和车载充电系统的集成结构,通过复用部分功率变换环节,可以提高充电系统的功率密度和降低成本。
基于以上研究和设计,本发明具体采用以下技术方案:
一种电动汽车无线充电系统和车载充电系统的集成结构,其特征在于:将车载充电系统的变压器替换为:电网侧的车载充电发射线圈和电池侧的车载充电接收线圈,并与地面的无线充电发射线圈两两构成耦合。
进一步地,从电网到直流的整流器采用三相整流桥,高频逆变器采用全桥逆变器,从高频交流到直流的整流器采用二极管整流器,补偿网络采用串联谐振;车载充电系统的隔离型DC/DC变换器采用的是CLLC的DAB,无线充电系统采用的是S-S拓扑、LCL-S拓扑或者LCC-S拓扑。
进一步地,车载充电系统中原边设置有继电器作为开关:当车载充电系统工作时,继电器闭合,电网通过车载充电系统给电池充电;当无线充电系统工作时,继电器打开,此时无线充电系统通过地面的发射线圈给车载的接收线圈供能,进而给汽车里的电池充电,以防止无线充电系统的发射线圈通过与车载充电系统的发射线圈的耦合而出现的能量倒灌。
进一步地,所述车载充电发射线圈和车载充电接收线圈为上下堆叠设置,车载充电发射线圈的上方设置有铁氧体;所述无线充电发射线圈与车载线圈相距无线充电系统的充电距离且下方也设置有铁氧体。
进一步地,所述车载充电发射线圈和车载充电接收线圈采用两股并绕的形式,构成两个紧耦合的线圈。
与现有技术相比,本发明及其优选方案可以减小电动汽车充电系统的成本和重量,有助于提高电动汽车的能效。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进一步详细的说明:
构成本申请的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中:
图1为现有车载充电系统的典型拓扑图;
图2为现有电动汽车无线充电系统的典型拓扑图;
图3为本发明实施例所提出的无线充电系统和车载充电系统的集成结构示意图;
图4为本发明实施例所提出的集成结构的系统电路实例一示意图;
图5为本发明实施例所提出的集成结构的线圈设计实例一示意图;
图6为本发明实施例所提出的集成结构的线圈设计实例二示意图;
图7为本发明实施例所提出的集成结构的线圈设计实例三示意图。
具体实施方式
为让本专利的特征和优点能更明显易懂,下文特举实施例,作详细说明如下:
下面将结合本发明实施例中附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处的附图中的描述和示出的组件可以以不同配置来组合设计。因此,以下对在附图中提供的本发明的选定实施例的详细描述并非为了限制要求保护的本发明的范围,而是仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明的实施例,本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
图1中,高频逆变到之后的整流,为一隔离型的DC/DC变换器,其中变压器可以看为紧耦合的两个线圈,跟图2一样,由发射线圈和接收线圈构成。图1中的补偿网络可以为隔离型DC/DC变换器中的补偿电容或者补偿电感,如CLLC型的DAB(Dual Active Bridge)中的补偿电容。因此,图1和图2中的接收线圈及其后面环节,可以复用,从而降低电动汽车的成本和重量。本实施例提出的电动汽车无线充电系统和车载充电系统的集成结构如图3所示。
其中,接收线圈、补偿网络、整流器到最终给电池充电,这些环节是无线充电系统和车载充电系统共用的。
本实施例所提出的集成结构的实施实例一如图4所示。从电网50Hz到直流的整流器采用三相整流桥,高频逆变器采用全桥逆变器,从高频交流到直流的整流器采用二极管整流器,补偿网络采用串联谐振。因此,车载充电系统的隔离型DC/DC变换器采用的是CLLC的DAB,无线充电系统采用的是S-S(Series-Series)拓扑、LCL-S拓扑或者LCC-S拓扑。
图4中,三个线圈之间两两均有耦合。车载充电系统中原边有一个继电器。当车载充电系统工作时,继电器闭合,电网通过车载充电系统给电池充电。当无线充电系统工作时,继电器打开,此时无线充电系统通过地面的发射线圈给车载的接收线圈功能,进而给汽车里的电池充电。这时打开继电器,就是为了防止无线充电系统的发射线圈通过与车载充电系统的发射线圈的耦合而出现的能量倒灌。
其中为了让无线充电系统的发射线圈与车载充电系统的接收线圈有耦合,车载充电系统的变压器设计为开放磁路的结构。本实施例所提出的集成结构的线圈设计实例一如图5所示。其中三个线圈均为方形线圈结构,车载充电系统的发射线圈和接收线圈为堆叠放置在一起,无线充电系统的发射线圈与这两个线圈相距无线充电系统的充电距离。
设定线圈的尺寸为300 mm×300 mm,充电距离为100 mm。仿真得到车载充电系统的发射线圈和接收线圈(即构成变压器)的耦合系数为0.939,该耦合系数足够高,可以等效为一紧耦合变压器。无线充电系统的发射线圈与接收线圈之间的耦合系数为0.298,该耦合系数也足够支撑高效的无线充电。
车载充电系统的发射线圈和接收线圈,除了堆叠的方式,也可以采用两股并绕的形式,构成两个紧耦合的发射线圈,如图6所示。
除了图5和图6中展示的方形和圆形线圈形状外,本实施例还涵盖其他形状的线圈结构,如双极型线圈结构(又称为DD线圈结构),如图7所示,或者是螺线管线圈结构,以及其他类似的线圈结构,均在本发明的保护范围内。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型,仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
本专利不局限于上述最佳实施方式,任何人在本专利的启示下都可以得出其它各种形式的电动汽车无线充电系统和车载充电系统的集成结构,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本专利的涵盖范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种电动汽车无线充电系统和车载充电系统的集成结构,其特征在于:将车载充电系统的变压器替换为:电网侧的车载充电发射线圈和电池侧的车载充电接收线圈,并与地面的无线充电发射线圈两两构成耦合;
从电网到直流的整流器采用三相整流桥,高频逆变器采用全桥逆变器,从高频交流到直流的整流器采用二极管整流器,补偿网络采用串联谐振;车载充电系统的隔离型DC/DC变换器采用的是CLLC的DAB,无线充电系统采用的是S-S拓扑或、LCL-S拓扑或LCC-S拓扑;
车载充电系统中原边设置有继电器作为开关:当车载充电系统工作时,继电器闭合,电网通过车载充电系统给电池充电;当无线充电系统工作时,继电器打开,此时无线充电系统通过地面的发射线圈给车载的接收线圈供能,进而给汽车里的电池充电,以防止无线充电系统的发射线圈通过与车载充电系统的发射线圈的耦合而出现的能量倒灌;
所述车载充电发射线圈和车载充电接收线圈为上下堆叠设置,车载充电发射线圈的上方设置有铁氧体;所述无线充电发射线圈与车载线圈相距无线充电系统的充电距离且下方也设置有铁氧体;
所述车载充电发射线圈和车载充电接收线圈采用两股并绕的形式,构成两个紧耦合的线圈。
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