CN114474552B - Preparation device and preparation process for preparing polymethacrylimide foam plastic - Google Patents
Preparation device and preparation process for preparing polymethacrylimide foam plastic Download PDFInfo
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- CN114474552B CN114474552B CN202210125229.2A CN202210125229A CN114474552B CN 114474552 B CN114474552 B CN 114474552B CN 202210125229 A CN202210125229 A CN 202210125229A CN 114474552 B CN114474552 B CN 114474552B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
- C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/42—Nitriles
- C08F220/44—Acrylonitrile
- C08F220/46—Acrylonitrile with carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids or salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation device and a preparation process for preparing polymethacrylimide foam plastic in the field of plastic foam preparation, wherein the preparation device comprises a water bath barrel provided with a heating mechanism, a forming die is fixedly arranged in the water bath barrel, a stirring mechanism and a telescopic mechanism for driving the stirring mechanism to stretch out and draw back are arranged on the bottom surface of the forming die, the stirring mechanism is vertically and slidably arranged on the bottom surface of the forming die, and the telescopic mechanism drives the bottom surface of the forming die to vertically move so that the top surface of the stirring mechanism is flush with the bottom surface of the forming die. According to the invention, when high-temperature prepolymerization is needed, raw materials in the forming die are heated in a water bath and stirred by the stirring mechanism to promote the prepolymerization; when low-temperature polymerization is needed, the forming die is driven to leave the water bath, and the top surface of the stirring mechanism is parallel to the bottom surface of the forming die, so that the raw materials in the forming die can be polymerized into a complete block.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plastic foam preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation device and a preparation process for preparing polymethacrylimide foam.
Background
The main idea for preparing the polymethacrylimide foam plastic at present is to prepare the polymethacrylimide foam plastic by acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile, acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and other ethylenically unsaturated monomers, and simultaneously adding other additives such as an initiator, a foaming agent, a crosslinking agent and the like. The process comprises the following two steps: 1. preparing a transparent copolymer plate; 2. and foaming the transparent plate at high temperature to obtain the polymethacrylimide foam plastic. The main monomer (acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile, acrylic monomer, etc.) participating in the reaction in the preparation process of the transparent copolymer is liquid under the low-temperature polymerization condition, has better compatibility, and the liquid can not split phase. However, as the polymerization reaction proceeds for a long period of time at a lower temperature, a polymer is continuously formed. The viscosity of the liquid in the temperature range (30-100 ℃) is low, the components are layered to a certain extent and settled under the static state for a long time (10-200 hours), the components of the polymerized copolymer plate are different, and the components of the prepared polymethacrylimide foam plastic are uneven. For this purpose CN201410283961.8 provides a means of pre-polymerization at high temperature followed by post-polymerization at low temperature. However, in practical operation, the high-temperature prepolymerization and the low-temperature post-polymerization are carried out in different containers, and the solution is required to be transferred frequently, so that the operation is troublesome. There is thus a need for a device and process for preparing polymethacrylimide foam which solves the above problems.
The invention provides a preparation device and a preparation process for preparing polymethacrylimide foam plastic, wherein when high-temperature prepolymerization is needed, raw materials in a forming die are heated in a water bath and stirred by a stirring mechanism to promote the prepolymerization; when low-temperature polymerization is needed, the forming die is driven to leave the water bath, and the top surface of the stirring mechanism is parallel to the bottom surface of the forming die, so that the raw materials in the forming die can be polymerized into a complete block.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation device and a preparation process for preparing polymethacrylimide foam plastic, which are used for solving the problems of the prior art in the background art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the utility model provides a preparation facilities of preparation polymethacrylimide foamed plastic, includes the water bath bucket that is provided with heating mechanism, and the water bath bucket internal fixation is provided with forming die, be provided with rabbling mechanism on forming die's the bottom surface and be used for driving the telescopic machanism of rabbling mechanism, vertical slidable mounting of rabbling mechanism is on forming die's bottom surface, the vertical removal in bottom surface of telescopic machanism drive forming die makes the top surface of rabbling mechanism and forming die's bottom surface parallel and level.
As a further scheme of the invention, the stirring mechanism comprises an outer peripheral sliding column and an inner peripheral sliding column which are vertically and slidably arranged on the bottom surface of the forming die, the bottom surface of the forming die comprises a rotating outer disc and a rotating inner disc, and the outer peripheral sliding column and the inner peripheral sliding column are vertically and slidably arranged on the rotating outer disc and the rotating inner disc respectively; the inner side wall of the forming die is fixedly provided with a step, the rotating outer disc is arranged on the step and is in rotating connection with the inner side wall of the forming die, and the rotating inner disc is in rotating connection with the rotating outer disc; the main rotating shaft is fixedly arranged on the central axis of the rotating inner disc, the driving gear is connected with the main rotating shaft in a key way, an inner gear ring is fixedly arranged on the inner side wall of the forming die, the driven gear is fixedly arranged on the bottom end of the peripheral sliding column, and the driven gear is arranged between the driving gear and the inner gear ring and is meshed with the driving gear and the inner gear ring; the driving gear is connected with an external driving power supply.
As a further scheme of the invention, a sliding block is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the inner peripheral sliding column, a driving block is arranged at the bottom end of the outer peripheral sliding column, and the driving block is fixedly connected with the rotating outer disc; the side wall of the driving block is provided with a wedge surface, the bottom end of the sliding block is provided with a chamfer, and the driving block drives the sliding block to vertically move upwards through the wedge surface.
As a further scheme of the invention, the top end of the inner peripheral sliding column is fixedly provided with a spoiler for disturbing the liquid flow up and down, and the upper end surface of the rotating inner disc is provided with a cavity for accommodating the spoiler.
As a further aspect of the present invention, the inner peripheral sliding column and the outer peripheral sliding column are provided with heating resistance wires.
As a further scheme of the invention, the telescopic mechanism comprises a driving bin arranged at the lower end of the forming die, the upper end of the driving bin is fixedly connected with the forming die, and the lower end of the driving bin is fixedly connected with the water bath barrel; the lower end of the main rotating shaft is fixedly connected with a driving plate, and the driving plate vertically slides in the driving bin and divides the driving bin into an upper area and a lower area which are isolated from each other; the driving plate is connected with the driving mechanism.
As a further scheme of the invention, the driving plate and the bottom end of the forming die are directly and vertically provided with a large compression spring; a small compression spring is vertically arranged between the sliding block and the rotating inner disc.
As a further scheme of the invention, the driving mechanism comprises an extrusion plate vertically and slidably arranged on the inner wall of the water bath barrel, and the extrusion plate is connected with an air cylinder fixedly arranged at the upper end of the water bath barrel; the extrusion plate is positioned between the inner wall of the water bath barrel and the peripheral wall of the forming die and is vertically and slidably connected with the peripheral wall of the forming die; the extrusion plate isolates the liquid in the water bath barrel from the outside air; the junction of drive storehouse and water bath bucket opens and is used for holding the intercommunication mouth that liquid passed through.
As a further scheme of the invention, a water inlet for accommodating liquid into the water bath barrel is formed in the extruding plate, and an openable closing plate is arranged on the water inlet.
The invention also provides a preparation process for preparing the polymethacrylimide foam plastic, which is suitable for the preparation device and mainly comprises the following steps:
s1: and (3) batching: 100 parts of acrylic acid; 100 parts of acrylonitrile; 20 parts of acrylamide; 5 parts of dibenzoyl peroxide; 5 parts of formamide; 5 parts of n-octanol; 5 parts of glycerol; 5 parts of cyclohexanol; mixing according to the weight parts, and stirring for 30min to obtain uniform mixed liquid;
s2: high-temperature prepolymerization: pouring the uniform mixed liquid in the step S1 into a forming die in a water bath barrel, heating the forming die in the water bath barrel by the liquid in the water bath barrel, starting a heating mechanism and driving a stirring mechanism to rotate, and stirring for 10min at the temperature of 100 ℃ to obtain prepolymerized liquid;
s3: post-polymerization at low temperature: the telescopic mechanism drives the bottom surface of the forming die to vertically move so that the top surface of the stirring mechanism is flush with the bottom surface of the forming die, the pre-polymerized liquid of S2 is jacked up, the external temperature is controlled to be 30 ℃, and the pre-polymerized liquid is kept stand for 50 hours and taken out to obtain a transparent block;
s4: and (3) low-temperature treatment: placing the transparent block in the step S3 in a hot air circulation oven, maintaining the temperature at 110 ℃, and reserving for 3 hours to obtain a preheated block;
s5: foaming at high temperature: and (3) placing the preheated block in the step S4 in an environment of 150 ℃, keeping for 7 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the polymethacrylimide foam plastic.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, when high-temperature prepolymerization is needed, raw materials in the forming die are heated in a water bath and stirred by the stirring mechanism to promote the prepolymerization; when low-temperature polymerization is needed, the forming die is driven to leave the water bath, and the top surface of the stirring mechanism is parallel to the bottom surface of the forming die, so that the raw materials in the forming die can be polymerized into a complete block.
According to the invention, the arrangement of the driving gear, the driven gear and the inner gear ring enables the outer circumference sliding column and the inner circumference sliding column to stir raw materials in the forming die under the driving of the driving motor, and the stirring effect is better due to the fact that the differential speed exists between the outer circumference sliding column and the inner circumference sliding column.
The invention utilizes the extrusion plate to extrude the books into the driving bin, and provides driving force for the driving plate while removing water bath heating, so that the top surface of the driving stirring mechanism is flush with the bottom surface of the forming die. In addition, after finishing this preparation, when carrying out the preparation next time, the cylinder drives the stripper plate and resets, and the drive plate resets under the restoring force of big compression spring for water fills up the waters bucket again, avoids repeated heating, extravagant time and energy.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a device for preparing polymethacrylimide foam of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of FIG. 1 in a top view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a semi-section of a manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged partial schematic view of portion A of FIG. 3 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged schematic illustration of portion B of FIG. 3 in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged partial schematic view of portion C of FIG. 3 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of a stirring mechanism on the bottom surface of a molding die of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a process flow diagram of a process for preparing a polymethacrylimide foam of the present invention.
In the drawings, the list of components represented by the various numbers is as follows:
the device comprises a 1-water bath barrel, a 2-heating mechanism, a 3-forming die, a 41-outer peripheral sliding column, a 42-inner peripheral sliding column, a 43-rotating outer disc, a 44-rotating inner disc, a 45-step, a 46-main rotating shaft, a 47-driving gear, a 48-annular gear, a 49-driven gear, a 51-sliding block, a 52-driving block, a 53-wedge surface, a 54-spoiler, a 55-cavity, a 56-heating resistance wire, a 61-driving bin, a 62-driving plate, a 63-large compression spring, a 64-small compression spring, a 71-extrusion plate, a 72-cylinder, a 73-communication port, a 81-water inlet and a 82-sealing plate.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-8, a preparation device for preparing polymethacrylimide foam plastic comprises a water bath barrel 1 provided with a heating mechanism 2, wherein a forming die 3 is fixedly arranged in the water bath barrel 1, a stirring mechanism and a telescopic mechanism for driving the stirring mechanism to stretch out and draw back are arranged on the bottom surface of the forming die 3, the stirring mechanism is vertically and slidably arranged on the bottom surface of the forming die 3, and the telescopic mechanism drives the bottom surface of the forming die 3 to vertically move so that the top surface of the stirring mechanism is flush with the bottom surface of the forming die 3.
As a further scheme of the invention, the stirring mechanism comprises an outer circumference sliding column 41 and an inner circumference sliding column 42 which are vertically and slidably arranged on the bottom surface of the forming die 3, the bottom surface of the forming die 3 comprises a rotating outer disc 43 and a rotating inner disc 44, and the outer circumference sliding column 41 and the inner circumference sliding column 42 are vertically and slidably arranged on the rotating outer disc 43 and the rotating inner disc 44 respectively; a step 45 is fixedly arranged on the inner side wall of the forming die 3, the rotating outer disc 43 is arranged on the step 45 and is in rotating connection with the inner side wall of the forming die 3, and the rotating inner disc 44 is in rotating connection with the rotating outer disc 43; a main rotating shaft 46 is fixedly arranged on the central axis of the rotating inner disc 44, a driving gear 47 is connected on the main rotating shaft 46 in a key way, an inner gear ring 48 is fixedly arranged on the inner side wall of the forming die 3, a driven gear 49 is fixedly arranged on the bottom end of the peripheral sliding column 41, and the driven gear 49 is arranged between the driving gear 47 and the inner gear ring 48 and is meshed with the driving gear 47 and the inner gear ring 48; the drive gear 47 is connected to an external drive power source.
The working flow of the invention for preparing the polymethacrylimide foam plastic is as follows: firstly, proportioning, pouring the proportioned raw materials into a forming die 3 according to a proportion, and then driving a stirring mechanism to stir the raw materials for 30min to obtain uniformly mixed liquid. (in this embodiment, ingredients are put into the forming mold 3 to be stirred, and in fact, the ingredients can be poured into the forming mold 3 after being mixed in an external container.) then high-temperature polymerization is carried out, the specific process of the high-temperature polymerization is shown in fig. 3, the forming mold 3 is positioned in the water bath barrel 1, at the moment, the heating mechanism 2 positioned at the bottom end in the water bath barrel 1 is started to heat water in the water bath barrel 1 to enable the temperature to reach 100 ℃, and meanwhile, the stirring mechanism is driven to stir raw materials in the forming mold 3. As shown in fig. 3 and 7, the specific stirring process is as follows: the external driving power supply drives the driving gear 47 to rotate, the driving gear 47 drives the main rotating shaft 46 to rotate, and the main rotating shaft 46 drives the rotating inner disc 44 to rotate. An inner peripheral sliding column 42 is fixedly and vertically mounted on the rotary inner disk 44, and the inner peripheral sliding column 42 is not concentric with the main rotary shaft 46, and the inner peripheral sliding column 42 rotates around the main rotary shaft 46 to stir the raw materials. The present invention also provides a peripheral sliding post 41 on the rotating outer disk 43. As shown in fig. 3, the driving gear 47 of the present invention is externally meshed with the driven gear 49, the driven gear 49 is internally meshed with the inner gear ring 48 fixedly arranged on the inner side wall of the forming die 3, the driving gear 47 rotates, and the inner gear ring 48 is fixed, so that the driven gear 49 rotates while revolving to drive the peripheral sliding column 41 to rotate around the main rotating shaft 46. Because the outer circumference sliding column 41 is fixedly connected with the driven gear 49, the outer circumference sliding column 41 is rotatably mounted on the rotary outer disc 43, so when the rotary inner disc 44 rotates, the outer circumference turntable also rotates, and a differential speed exists between the outer circumference sliding column 41 and the inner circumference sliding column 42, both the outer circumference sliding column 41 and the inner circumference sliding column 42 are driven by the driving motor to stir raw materials in the forming die 3, and the differential speed exists between the outer circumference sliding column and the inner circumference sliding column, so that the stirring effect is better.
As a further scheme of the invention, a sliding block 51 is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the inner circumference sliding column 42, a driving block 52 is arranged at the bottom end of the outer circumference sliding column 41, and the driving block 52 is fixedly connected with the rotating outer disc 43; the side wall of the driving block 52 is provided with a wedge surface 53, the bottom end of the sliding block 51 is provided with a chamfer, and the driving block 52 drives the sliding block 51 to vertically move upwards through the wedge surface 53.
As shown in fig. 7, the stirring of the outer peripheral slide column 41 and the inner peripheral slide column 42 mixes the raw materials in the molding die 3 in the horizontal direction, and in this case, if the raw materials can be mixed in the vertical direction, the stirring effect of the stirring mechanism is certainly better. The differential speed of the outer peripheral sliding column 41 and the inner peripheral sliding column 42 of the present invention, as shown in fig. 7, results in the two being staggered from time to time. The invention has a sliding block 51 fixedly installed at the bottom end of an inner peripheral sliding column 42, a driving block 52 provided at the bottom end of an outer peripheral sliding column 41, and the driving block 52 is fixedly connected with a rotary outer disk 43 and is rotatably connected with the outer peripheral sliding column 41. When the outer peripheral sliding column 41 and the inner peripheral sliding column 42 are staggered, the sliding block 51 at the bottom end of the inner peripheral sliding column 42 is contacted with the driving block 52 at the bottom end of the outer peripheral sliding block 51, and the sliding block 51 is jacked up by the wedge surface 53 on the driving block 52, so that the inner peripheral sliding column 42 moves upwards; after the interleaving is completed, the inner peripheral sliding columns 42 are reset by the self-gravity. And (5) circularly reciprocating.
As a further scheme of the present invention, a spoiler 54 for disturbing the flow of the liquid up and down is fixedly mounted on the top end of the inner peripheral sliding column 42, and a cavity 55 for accommodating the spoiler 54 is formed on the upper end surface of the rotating inner disc 44. As shown in fig. 4, the purpose of the spoiler 54 is to increase the disturbance to the material transporting liquid when the inner sliding column moves up and down, so that the raw materials with different heights are mixed and stirred more uniformly, and delamination is avoided. The purpose of the cavity 55 is to enable the spoiler 54 to enter the cavity 55 when the stirring mechanism is flush with the bottom surface of the forming die 3, so that the bottom surface of the forming die 3 is flat.
As a further aspect of the present invention, the inner peripheral sliding column 42 and the outer peripheral sliding column 41 are provided with heating resistance wires 56. The purpose of this arrangement is to be able to reach 100 degrees faster at high temperature polymerization, as shown in fig. 4, 5. Further, the heating resistance wires 56 are provided on the rotating inner peripheral sliding column 42, outer peripheral sliding column 41, and the raw materials can be heated uniformly by stirring.
As a further scheme of the invention, the telescopic mechanism comprises a driving bin 61 arranged at the lower end of the forming die 3, the upper end of the driving bin 61 is fixedly connected with the forming die 3, and the lower end of the driving bin is fixedly connected with the water bath barrel 1; the lower end of the main rotating shaft 46 is fixedly connected with a driving plate 62, and the driving plate 62 vertically slides in the driving bin 61 and divides the driving bin 61 into an upper area and a lower area which are isolated from each other; the drive plate 62 is connected to a drive mechanism.
As shown in fig. 3 and 7, when the invention needs to perform low-temperature polymerization, the driving plate 62 is driven to vertically move upwards in the driving bin 61, at this time, the main rotating shaft 46 props up the rotating inner disc 44 to move upwards, and the rotating inner disc 44 drives the rotating outer disc 43 to vertically move upwards together until the top ends of the inner peripheral sliding column 42 and the outer peripheral sliding column 41 are level with the bottom surface of the forming die 3, at this time, the side wall and the bottom surface of the forming die 3 form a complete container, so that raw materials in the forming die 3 can be polymerized into a complete block. The setting makes the raw materials need not to shift and can polymerize into complete block, does not have the interference of rabbling mechanism and carries out low temperature polymerization more easily. After polymerization, the bottom surface of the forming die 3 resets under the action of gravity, and the formed block is jacked up by the outer periphery sliding column 41 and the inner periphery sliding column 42, so that material taking is facilitated.
As a further scheme of the invention, the driving plate 62 and the bottom end of the forming die 3 are directly and vertically provided with a large compression spring 63; a small compression spring 64 is vertically provided between the slide block 51 and the rotating inner disk 44. As shown in fig. 7, the purpose of the small compression spring 64 is to assist the return after the inner peripheral sliding post 42 is moved up; the purpose of the large compression spring 63 is to assist the driving plate 62 to return after lifting up the bottom surface of the molding die 3.
As a further scheme of the invention, the driving mechanism comprises a squeeze plate 71 vertically and slidably arranged on the inner wall of the water bath barrel 1, and the squeeze plate 71 is connected with a cylinder 72 fixedly arranged at the upper end of the water bath barrel 1; the extrusion plate 71 is positioned between the inner wall of the water bath barrel 1 and the peripheral wall of the forming die 3 and is vertically and slidably connected with the peripheral wall of the forming die 3; the squeeze plate 71 isolates the liquid in the water bath 1 from the outside air; the connection part of the driving bin 61 and the water bath barrel 1 is provided with a communication port 73 for accommodating liquid.
The low-temperature polymerization of the invention not only needs to provide a complete container for raw materials, but also needs to remove water bath heating, and if the low-temperature polymerization depends on automatic cooling of water, the time is too long and the efficiency is too low. Therefore, as shown in fig. 3, when the low-temperature polymerization is needed, the air cylinder 72 drives the extrusion plate 71 to move downwards, and the water in the water bath barrel 1 is extruded into the driving bin 61, so that the upper peripheral wall of the forming die 3 is not heated; at this time, the water enters the driving bin 61 to squeeze the driving plate 62 to move upwards, the bottom surface of the forming die 3 is jacked up to the upper part, and the driving force is provided for the driving plate 62 while the heating of the water area is removed. In addition, after the preparation is completed, when the next preparation is performed, the air cylinder 72 drives the extrusion plate 71 to reset, and the driving plate 62 resets under the restoring force of the large compression spring 63, so that water is refilled in the water area barrel, and the repeated heating is avoided, thereby wasting time and energy.
As a further scheme of the invention, the squeezing plate 71 is provided with a water inlet 81 for accommodating liquid into the water bath barrel 1, and the water inlet 81 is provided with a closing plate 82 which can be opened and closed. The purpose of this arrangement is to facilitate the addition of water to the water bath 1, as shown in fig. 2.
The invention also provides a preparation process for preparing the polymethacrylimide foam plastic, which is suitable for the preparation device and mainly comprises the following steps:
s1: and (3) batching: 100 parts of acrylic acid; 100 parts of acrylonitrile; 20 parts of acrylamide; 5 parts of dibenzoyl peroxide; 5 parts of formamide; 5 parts of n-octanol; 5 parts of glycerol; 5 parts of cyclohexanol; mixing according to the weight parts, and stirring for 30min to obtain uniform mixed liquid;
s2: high-temperature prepolymerization: pouring the uniform mixed liquid in the step S1 into a forming die 3 positioned in a water bath barrel 1, heating the forming die 3 in a water bath by the liquid in the water bath barrel 1, starting a heating mechanism 2 and driving a stirring mechanism to rotate, and stirring for 10min at the temperature of 100 ℃ to obtain a prepolymerized liquid;
s3: post-polymerization at low temperature: the telescopic mechanism drives the bottom surface of the forming die 3 to vertically move so that the top surface of the stirring mechanism is flush with the bottom surface of the forming die 3, the pre-polymerized liquid of S2 is jacked up, the external temperature is controlled to be 30 ℃, and the pre-polymerized liquid is kept stand for 50 hours and taken out to obtain a transparent block;
s4: and (3) low-temperature treatment: placing the transparent block in the step S3 in a hot air circulation oven, maintaining the temperature at 110 ℃, and reserving for 3 hours to obtain a preheated block;
s5: foaming at high temperature: and (3) placing the preheated block in the step S4 in an environment of 150 ℃, keeping for 7 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the polymethacrylimide foam plastic.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation device for preparing polymethacrylimide foam plastic is characterized in that: the water bath device comprises a water bath barrel (1) provided with a heating mechanism (2), wherein a forming die (3) is fixedly arranged in the water bath barrel (1), a stirring mechanism and a telescopic mechanism for driving the stirring mechanism to stretch out and draw back are arranged on the bottom surface of the forming die (3), the stirring mechanism is vertically and slidably arranged on the bottom surface of the forming die (3), and the telescopic mechanism drives the bottom surface of the forming die (3) to vertically move so that the top surface of the stirring mechanism is flush with the bottom surface of the forming die (3);
the stirring mechanism comprises an outer peripheral sliding column (41) and an inner peripheral sliding column (42) which are vertically and slidably arranged on the bottom surface of the forming die (3), the bottom surface of the forming die (3) comprises a rotary outer disc (43) and a rotary inner disc (44), and the outer peripheral sliding column (41) and the inner peripheral sliding column (42) are vertically and slidably arranged on the rotary outer disc (43) and the rotary inner disc (44) respectively; the inner side wall of the forming die (3) is fixedly provided with a step (45), the rotating outer disc (43) is arranged on the step (45) and is rotationally connected with the inner side wall of the forming die (3), and the rotating inner disc (44) is rotationally connected with the rotating outer disc (43); a main rotating shaft (46) is fixedly arranged on the central axis of the rotating inner disc (44), a driving gear (47) is connected to the main rotating shaft (46) in a key way, an inner gear ring (48) is fixedly arranged on the inner side wall of the forming die (3), a driven gear (49) is fixedly arranged on the bottom end of the peripheral sliding column (41), and the driven gear (49) is arranged between the driving gear (47) and the inner gear ring (48) and meshed with the driving gear (47) and the inner gear ring (48); the driving gear (47) is connected with an external driving power supply.
2. The apparatus for producing a polymethacrylimide foam according to claim 1, wherein: a sliding block (51) is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the inner peripheral sliding column (42), a driving block (52) is arranged at the bottom end of the outer peripheral sliding column (41), and the driving block (52) is fixedly connected with the rotary outer disc (43); the side wall of the driving block (52) is provided with a wedge surface (53), the bottom end of the sliding block (51) is provided with a chamfer, and the driving block (52) drives the sliding block (51) to vertically move upwards through the wedge surface (53).
3. The apparatus for producing a polymethacrylimide foam according to claim 2, wherein: the top end of the inner periphery sliding column (42) is fixedly provided with a spoiler (54) for disturbing the flow of liquid up and down, and the upper end surface of the rotating inner disc (44) is provided with a cavity (55) for accommodating the spoiler (54).
4. A production apparatus for producing a polymethacrylimide foam according to claim 3, characterized in that: and heating resistance wires (56) are arranged on the inner periphery sliding column (42) and the outer periphery sliding column (41).
5. The apparatus for producing a polymethacrylimide foam according to claim 4, wherein: the telescopic mechanism comprises a driving bin (61) arranged at the lower end of the forming die (3), the upper end of the driving bin (61) is fixedly connected with the forming die (3), and the lower end of the driving bin is fixedly connected with the water bath barrel (1); the lower end of the main rotating shaft (46) is fixedly connected with a driving plate (62), and the driving plate (62) vertically slides in the driving bin (61) and separates the driving bin (61) into an upper region and a lower region which are isolated from each other; the drive plate (62) is connected to the drive mechanism.
6. The apparatus for producing a polymethacrylimide foam according to claim 5, wherein: the driving plate (62) and the bottom end of the forming die (3) are directly and vertically provided with a large compression spring (63); a small compression spring (64) is vertically arranged between the sliding block (51) and the rotary inner disc (44).
7. The apparatus for producing a polymethacrylimide foam according to claim 5, wherein: the driving mechanism comprises an extrusion plate (71) vertically and slidably arranged on the inner wall of the water bath barrel (1), and the extrusion plate (71) is connected with an air cylinder (72) fixedly arranged at the upper end of the water bath barrel (1); the extrusion plate (71) is positioned between the inner wall of the water bath barrel (1) and the peripheral wall of the forming die (3) and is vertically and slidably connected with the peripheral wall of the forming die (3); the extrusion plate (71) isolates the liquid in the water bath barrel (1) from the outside air; the connection part of the driving bin (61) and the water bath barrel (1) is provided with a communication port (73) for accommodating liquid.
8. The apparatus for producing a polymethacrylimide foam according to claim 7, wherein: the squeezing plate (71) is provided with a water inlet (81) for accommodating liquid into the water bath barrel (1), and the water inlet (81) is provided with a closing plate (82) capable of opening and closing.
9. A process for preparing polymethacrylimide foam plastics, comprising a preparation device according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the method mainly comprises the following steps:
s1: and (3) batching: 100 parts of acrylic acid; 100 parts of acrylonitrile; 20 parts of acrylamide; 5 parts of dibenzoyl peroxide; 5 parts of formamide; 5 parts of n-octanol; 5 parts of glycerol; 5 parts of cyclohexanol; mixing according to the weight parts, and stirring for 30min to obtain uniform mixed liquid;
s2: high-temperature prepolymerization: pouring the uniform mixed liquid in the step S1 into a forming die (3) positioned in a water bath barrel (1), heating the forming die (3) in a water bath by the liquid in the water bath barrel (1), starting a heating mechanism (2) and driving a stirring mechanism to rotate, and stirring for 10min at the temperature of 100 ℃ to obtain a prepolymerized liquid;
s3: post-polymerization at low temperature: the telescopic mechanism drives the bottom surface of the forming die (3) to vertically move so that the top surface of the stirring mechanism is flush with the bottom surface of the forming die (3), the pre-polymerized liquid of S2 is jacked up, the external temperature is controlled to be 30 ℃, and the pre-polymerized liquid is kept stand for 50 hours and taken out to obtain a transparent block;
s4: and (3) low-temperature treatment: placing the transparent block in the step S3 in a hot air circulation oven, maintaining the temperature at 110 ℃, and reserving for 3 hours to obtain a preheated block;
s5: foaming at high temperature: and (3) placing the preheated block in the step S4 in an environment of 150 ℃, keeping for 7 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the polymethacrylimide foam plastic.
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