CN114473623A - Cooling and lubricating method for high-temperature alloy GH2132 aviation sleeve efficient cutting machining process - Google Patents
Cooling and lubricating method for high-temperature alloy GH2132 aviation sleeve efficient cutting machining process Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
- B23Q11/1038—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work using cutting liquids with special characteristics, e.g. flow rate, quality
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
- B23Q11/1038—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work using cutting liquids with special characteristics, e.g. flow rate, quality
- B23Q11/1061—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work using cutting liquids with special characteristics, e.g. flow rate, quality using cutting liquids with specially selected composition or state of aggregation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C2220/00—Details of milling processes
- B23C2220/60—Roughing
- B23C2220/605—Roughing and finishing
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aeronautical engineering manufacturing, in particular to a cooling and lubricating method for a high-temperature alloy GH2132 aviation sleeve high-efficiency cutting machining process, which comprises the following steps: according to the position layout parameters of a machine tool, GH2132 aviation sleeve parts and a cutter system, UG three-dimensional design software and computational fluid mechanics simulation software are combined, the influence of different nozzle diameters and internal flow passage distribution on the cooling and lubricating effect is researched, and a proper nozzle structure and a proper spraying position are determined; analyzing the influence of the atomization parameters on the flow field characteristics according to computational fluid mechanics simulation software to obtain optimized pressure and flow parameters, and preparing lubricating liquid and regulating and controlling parameters; and (3) applying the determined nozzle structure and layout and the optimized atomization parameters, adopting a supercritical carbon dioxide low-temperature cooling minimal lubrication technology, and carrying out rough machining and finish machining on the GH2132 aviation sleeve through numerical control milling machining. The invention solves the problems of large abrasion, low processing efficiency and the like of GH2132 aviation casing cutters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aeronautical engineering manufacturing, in particular to a cooling and lubricating method for a high-temperature alloy GH2132 aviation sleeve high-efficiency cutting machining process.
Background
The GH2132 iron-based high-temperature alloy is an austenitic deformation high-temperature alloy with a face-centered cubic structure, has good oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance at the temperature lower than 650 ℃, has high-temperature yield strength, durability, creep strength and the like, and is widely applied to high-temperature bearing and connecting parts of aircraft engines, industrial gas turbines, automobile engines and the like. However, the high temperature alloy has low thermal conductivity, poor thermal conductivity and a large work hardening tendency, and the relative workability thereof is only 5 to 15% of that of 45 steel, and is a typical difficult-to-work material. The connecting sleeve in the field of aeronautical manufacturing engineering is mainly used for connecting fuel pipelines of aeroengines, and the working environment needs to resist high temperature of over 600 ℃. For GH2132 aviation bushings, the machining process has the problems of large cutting force, high cutting temperature, serious cutter abrasion, low machining efficiency and the like.
The main cooling and lubricating mode of the existing GH2132 aviation casing cutting machining process is the traditional cutting fluid, the cost is high (accounting for 10-20% of the total cost), the main cooling and lubricating mode is harmful to the health of operators, and the main cooling and lubricating mode is environmental pollution. In order to reduce the use of cutting fluids and reduce pollution, dry cutting is gradually entering the field of vision of people as an environmentally friendly way. The dry cutting process does not use cutting fluid in the cutting process, and directly avoids the harm to people and the pollution to the environment caused by the cutting fluid. However, dry cutting causes rapid increase in friction in the cutting region between the tool and the workpiece, increase in cutting force, and increase in cutting temperature, and particularly, rapid increase in tool wear when cutting difficult-to-machine materials such as high-temperature alloys, and significant reduction in tool life, which in turn affects the quality of the machined surface of the workpiece.
In order to satisfy the requirements of cutting workability, economic efficiency and environmental protection at the same time, a novel green cutting technology has been widely and rapidly developed. The most representative green cooling lubrication cutting technologies include low-temperature cold air cutting, minimal lubrication, steam cooling and liquid nitrogen cooling. Although the low-temperature cold air cutting, micro-lubrication, steam cooling and liquid nitrogen cooling technologies have better cooling or lubricating performance than dry cutting, the cooling and lubricating effects in the GH2132 aviation sleeve efficient cutting process cannot be simultaneously achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a cooling and lubricating method for a high-temperature alloy GH2132 aviation sleeve high-efficiency cutting machining process. The high-temperature alloy has the advantages that the high-temperature alloy has excellent effects of low-temperature cooling and minimal lubrication, the supercritical carbon dioxide low-temperature cold air forced convection heat exchange effect can accelerate cutting heat dissipation, the minimal lubrication can reduce frictional heat generation of a cutter and a workpiece, the cutting force can be greatly reduced, the cutting temperature can be reduced, the cutter abrasion can be delayed, and the machinability of the high-temperature alloy can be improved. The machining efficiency can be improved while the machining quality is ensured, and the localization level of the cutting machining technology of the type of difficult-to-machine material can be improved.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the cooling and lubricating method for the high-efficiency cutting machining process of the high-temperature alloy GH2132 aviation sleeve comprises the following steps of:
determining a proper nozzle structure and layout through simulation optimization software: according to the position layout parameters of a machine tool, GH2132 aviation sleeve parts and a cutter system, UG three-dimensional design software and computational fluid mechanics simulation software are combined, the influence of different nozzle diameters and internal flow passage distribution on the cooling and lubricating effect is researched, and a proper nozzle structure and a proper spraying position are determined;
(II) optimizing atomization parameters: analyzing the influence of the atomization parameters on the flow field characteristics according to computational fluid mechanics simulation software to obtain optimized pressure and flow parameters, and preparing lubricating liquid and regulating and controlling parameters;
and (III) applying the determined nozzle structure and layout and the optimized atomization parameters, adopting a supercritical carbon dioxide low-temperature cooling minimal lubrication technology, and carrying out rough machining and finish machining on the GH2132 aviation sleeve through numerical control milling.
Preferably, the nozzle structure parameters in step (one) include diameter and internal flow passage.
Preferably, the injection position parameters in the step (one) comprise distance and angle.
Preferably, the atomization parameters in step (two) include pressure and flow rate.
Preferably, the flow field characteristics in step (two) include velocity, particle size and atomization angle.
Preferably, the lubricating fluid in the step (two) includes a lubricating oil and a water-based cutting fluid.
Preferably, the lubricating oil is vegetable oil-based low-temperature micro-cutting oil.
Preferably, the water-based cutting fluid is prepared by blending 30% industrial alcohol, 50% tap water and 20% antifreeze.
Preferably, the rough machining in the step (three) adopts a high-temperature ceramic cutter.
Preferably, the finish machining in the step (three) adopts a heat-resistant coating hard alloy cutter.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention solves the problems of large abrasion, low processing efficiency and the like of GH2132 aviation sleeve cutters, and is suitable for cutting and processing materials such as iron-based high-temperature alloy and the like; compared with the prior art, the GH2132 aviation sleeve high-efficiency cutting machining process based on the supercritical carbon dioxide low-temperature cooling minimal lubrication technology has the excellent effects of low-temperature cooling and minimal lubrication by optimizing atomization parameters and nozzle layout, can accurately cool and lubricate a cutter-workpiece cutting area, reduces cutting temperature, reduces cutting force, delays cutter abrasion, and greatly improves the machining characteristics of the GH2132 aviation sleeve.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation features, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further explained in the following with the accompanying drawings and the embodiments.
As shown in figure 1, the cooling and lubricating method for the high-efficiency cutting machining process of the high-temperature alloy GH2132 aviation sleeve comprises the following steps:
determining a proper nozzle structure and layout through simulation optimization software: according to the position layout parameters of a machine tool, GH2132 aviation sleeve parts and a cutter system, UG three-dimensional design software and computational fluid mechanics simulation software are combined, the influence of different nozzle diameters and internal flow passage distribution on the cooling and lubricating effect is researched, and a proper nozzle structure and a proper spraying position are determined. Suitable nozzle configurations include diameter, internal flow path, and spray location includes distance, angle.
(II) optimizing atomization parameters: and analyzing the influence of the atomization parameters on the flow field characteristics according to computational fluid mechanics simulation software to obtain optimized pressure and flow parameters, and preparing lubricating liquid and regulating and controlling the parameters. The atomization parameters include pressure and flow rate. Flow field characteristics include velocity, particle size, and atomization angle.
The preparation of the lubricating liquid comprises the following steps: the lubricating oil is vegetable oil-based low-temperature micro-cutting oil, the type of the cutting oil is MICROLIBE2000-25, the water-based cutting fluid is prepared by mixing 30% of industrial alcohol, 50% of tap water and 20% of ANTIFREEZE, and the type of the ANTIFREEZE is ANTIFREEZE 50. By controlling different valves, groups of four green cooling/lubricating modes, ScCO2, ScCO2+ MQL (oil), ScCO2+ MQL (water), ScCO2+ OoW (water attached by oil film) can be provided.
And (III) applying the determined nozzle structure and layout and the optimized atomization parameters, adopting a supercritical carbon dioxide low-temperature cooling minimal lubrication technology, and carrying out rough machining and finish machining on the GH2132 aviation sleeve through numerical control milling.
The supercritical carbon dioxide low-temperature cooling minimal quantity lubrication technology refers to the following steps: the special carbon dioxide with high pressure and normal temperature, the pure oily low-temperature environment-friendly cutting oil and the water-soluble low-temperature environment-friendly cutting fluid are fully mixed, and then high-speed low-temperature oil mist and water mist are formed and sprayed to a cutting area. The supercritical carbon dioxide low-temperature cold air forced convection heat transfer can accelerate cutting heat dissipation, and the micro-lubrication can reduce frictional heat generation between a cutter and a workpiece, greatly reduce cutting force, reduce cutting temperature and delay cutter abrasion. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) supercritical carbon dioxide cryogenic cooling (ScCO)2) The method comprises the following steps: the CO2 has the characteristics of liquid-like dissolving capacity, gas diffusivity, low viscosity and low surface tension in a supercritical state (the critical temperature is 31.2 ℃ and the critical pressure is 72.8 standard atmospheric pressures), can effectively enter a cutting area, and rapidly expands at a nozzle to realize low-temperature cooling.
(2) Minimal lubrication (MQL) means: oil-on-water (OoW) technology, which can simultaneously achieve good cooling and lubrication. OoW technology is a novel green processing technology which uses cold air, trace green vegetable oil lubricant and little water to form an oil film through composite spraying and adhere water drops, and the oil film is sprayed to a cutting area to realize the cooling and lubricating effect. The water drops are used as a transmission medium to bring the lubricant into the cutting area, and meanwhile, the gasification phase change absorbs heat to achieve a good cooling effect and prevent the oil film from being damaged by high temperature.
The numerical control milling comprises the following steps: the GH2132 aviation sleeve numerical control machining process is cooled and lubricated by adopting a supercritical carbon dioxide cryogenic cooling and lubricating technology, so that the cutting temperature is reduced, the cutting force is reduced, and the tool wear is delayed. Including roughing and finishing.
The rough machining is realized by combining high-speed milling of a ceramic cutter and a low-temperature cooling strategy, and specifically comprises the following steps: the ceramic cutting tool material is made of Al with high hardness and melting point2O3、Si3N4And adding a small amount of additives such as carbide, oxide or metal into the oxides and nitrides, and carrying out powder making, pressing and sintering to obtain the catalyst. The hardness of the ceramic exceeds that of the hard alloy, and the hard material which is difficult to process by the traditional cutter material can be processed, so that 'grinding is replaced by cutting'; the ceramic has good high-temperature mechanical property, can still keep higher hardness when the temperature is 1200 ℃, and can still be cut at the high temperature of 1350-1400 ℃. The ceramic cutter material has small affinity with metal, great chemical inertia, high corrosion resistance and high chemical stability in the processing processGood results are obtained. Therefore, the ceramic cutter is widely applied to high-speed cutting processing of hard-to-process materials such as hardened steel, titanium alloy, high-temperature alloy and the like. The ceramic cutting tool material for cutting the iron-based high-temperature alloy GH2132 generally selects S with better high-temperature performance, such as SiAlON ceramic, and the silicon-aluminum ceramic has excellent wear resistance and good collapse resistance. In the milling process, a low-temperature minimal quantity lubrication technology is adopted to cool a cutting area of the cutter and the workpiece.
Finish machining is realized by combining milling of a coated hard alloy cutter and a low-temperature cooling strategy, and specifically comprises the following steps: the material of the hard alloy cutter for cutting the high-temperature alloy meets the requirements of the cutter material on adhesive wear resistance, strong diffusion wear performance and good high-temperature mechanical property, and the hard alloy with fine grain size is generally selected. For rough machining with uneven allowance, interrupted cutting or occasions where vibration is easy to generate, the medium grain size or the ultra-fine grain size hard alloy with higher cobalt content is preferably selected. The hard alloy cutter material for cutting the high-temperature alloy GH2132 is generally tungsten-cobalt (ISO-K) hard alloy or general-purpose (ISO-M) hard alloy with low TiC content, and the TiC content is lower than 3%. The two types of cutter materials have good comprehensive properties of bending strength and hardness and higher heat conductivity, and can ensure the sharpness and enough strength of the cutting edge of the cutter. The fine grain and ultra-fine grain hard alloy has better comprehensive performance and is the preferred material of a high-temperature alloy GH2132 cutting machining cutter. The hard alloy cutter can be coated by PVD or CVD to improve the cutting performance of the cutter. The PVD coating comprises TiN, AlTiN and the like; the CVD coating has TiCN, TiCN + Al2O3And so on. In the milling process, a low-temperature minimal quantity lubrication technology is adopted to cool a cutting area of the cutter and the workpiece.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. The cooling and lubricating method for the high-efficiency cutting and machining process of the high-temperature alloy GH2132 aviation sleeve is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
determining a proper nozzle structure and layout through simulation optimization software: according to the position layout parameters of a machine tool, GH2132 aviation sleeve parts and a cutter system, UG three-dimensional design software and computational fluid mechanics simulation software are combined, the influence of different nozzle diameters and internal flow passage distribution on the cooling and lubricating effect is researched, and a proper nozzle structure and a proper spraying position are determined;
(II) optimizing atomization parameters: analyzing the influence of the atomization parameters on the flow field characteristics according to computational fluid mechanics simulation software to obtain optimized pressure and flow parameters, and preparing lubricating liquid and regulating and controlling parameters;
and (III) applying the determined nozzle structure and layout and the optimized atomization parameters, adopting a supercritical carbon dioxide low-temperature cooling minimal lubrication technology, and carrying out rough machining and finish machining on the GH2132 aviation sleeve through numerical control milling.
2. The cooling and lubricating method for the high-temperature alloy GH2132 aviation sleeve high-efficiency cutting machining process according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the structural parameters of the nozzle in the step (I) comprise the diameter and the internal flow passage.
3. The cooling and lubricating method for the high-temperature alloy GH2132 aviation sleeve high-efficiency cutting machining process according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the spraying position parameters in the step (I) comprise distance and angle.
4. The cooling and lubricating method for the high-temperature alloy GH2132 aviation sleeve high-efficiency cutting machining process according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: and (c) the atomization parameters in the step (II) comprise pressure and flow rate.
5. The cooling and lubricating method for the high-temperature alloy GH2132 aviation sleeve high-efficiency cutting machining process according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the flow field characteristics in the step (two) comprise speed, particle size and atomization angle.
6. The cooling and lubricating method for the high-temperature alloy GH2132 aviation sleeve high-efficiency cutting machining process according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the lubricating fluid in the step (II) comprises lubricating oil and water-based cutting fluid.
7. The cooling and lubricating method for the high-temperature alloy GH2132 aviation sleeve high-efficiency cutting machining process according to claim 6, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the lubricating oil is vegetable oil-based low-temperature micro-cutting oil.
8. The cooling and lubricating method for the high-temperature alloy GH2132 aviation sleeve high-efficiency cutting machining process according to claim 6, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the water-based cutting fluid is prepared by mixing 30% of industrial alcohol, 50% of tap water and 20% of antifreeze.
9. The cooling and lubricating method for the high-temperature alloy GH2132 aviation sleeve high-efficiency cutting machining process according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: and (3) adopting a high-temperature ceramic cutter for rough machining in the step (III).
10. The cooling and lubricating method for the high-temperature alloy GH2132 aviation sleeve high-efficiency cutting machining process according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: and (5) performing finish machining in the step (III) by using a heat-resistant coating hard alloy cutter.
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| CN108202271A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-06-26 | 广东技术师范学院 | A kind of low-temperature trace lubricating arrangement based on supercritical carbon dioxide |
| CN109605059A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-04-12 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of efficient cryogenic processing method of amorphous alloy |
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2021
- 2021-12-31 CN CN202111677479.9A patent/CN114473623A/en active Pending
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102750404A (en) * | 2012-06-01 | 2012-10-24 | 上海交通大学 | Construction method of flow field numerical model in minimum quantity lubrication cutting area |
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