CN114472686A - Manual puncher based on hinge bar-lever-hinge bar three-stage force amplification mechanism - Google Patents
Manual puncher based on hinge bar-lever-hinge bar three-stage force amplification mechanism Download PDFInfo
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- CN114472686A CN114472686A CN202011168415.1A CN202011168415A CN114472686A CN 114472686 A CN114472686 A CN 114472686A CN 202011168415 A CN202011168415 A CN 202011168415A CN 114472686 A CN114472686 A CN 114472686A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
- B21D28/24—Perforating, i.e. punching holes
- B21D28/26—Perforating, i.e. punching holes in sheets or flat parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/01—Selection of materials
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- Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a manual puncher based on a hinge rod-lever-hinge rod three-stage force amplification mechanism, which comprises a puncher main body, a base and a pressure rod, wherein a punch and a female die for punching are arranged in the base, the manual puncher further comprises a three-stage force amplification mechanism, and the pressure rod pushes a pressure head to move towards the female die through the three-stage force amplification mechanism. The three-stage force amplifying mechanism is obtained by sequentially connecting the hinge rod, the lever and the hinge rod in series, the input force is amplified for three times through the hinge rod, the lever and the hinge rod in sequence, the force is output through the push rod to complete the required punching action, and an operator can complete the punching operation by one hand.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mechanical punching equipment, in particular to a manual puncher based on a hinge rod-lever-hinge rod three-stage force amplification mechanism.
Background
Punching equipment is widely used in manufacturing industries such as machine part production. Automation and modernization are promoted in the current manufacturing industry, and processing equipment of each large processing factory is continuously updated, so that the production efficiency is improved. The continuous progress of punching equipment makes the punching equipment have a wide variety and comprehensive functions, but also increases the production cost. It is not suitable for small-scale production merchants to adopt such production equipment. For example, small-cost self-service door faces such as hardware shops and billboard manufacturing are often required to punch a certain number of small holes on a steel plate, the production batch of the small-cost self-service door faces is small, the processing objects are flexible and changeable, and processing equipment with overhigh cost or overlarge volume is not suitable for the processing occasions. And these work sites are manual punching, which usually requires a large force amplification factor. The existing manual puncher on the market usually adopts a lever as a force amplification mechanism, so that the opening size of a handle is larger on the premise of obtaining a larger force amplification coefficient, and the manual puncher is not suitable for being operated by a single hand of a user. And the base part is easy to deform, so that the axes of the punch and the die are deviated under the action of the blanking force, thereby increasing the blanking force and influencing the punching quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a manual puncher based on a hinge rod-lever-hinge rod three-level force amplifying mechanism.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a manual puncher based on a hinge rod-lever-hinge rod three-level force amplifying mechanism comprises a puncher main body, a base and a pressing rod, wherein a punch and a female die used for punching are arranged in the base, the manual puncher further comprises a three-level force amplifying mechanism, and the pressing rod pushes a pressing head to move towards the direction of the female die through the three-level force amplifying mechanism.
Preferably, the three-level force amplifying mechanism comprises a group of symmetrically arranged levers, and a first hinge rod and a second hinge rod which are hinged to the two ends of the levers respectively, the middle parts of the two levers are hinged to the punch body, the other ends of the two second hinge rods are hinged to a resistance arm of the pressure rod hinged to the punch body together, and the other ends of the two first hinge rods are hinged to the two ends of the push rod respectively.
Preferably, the hinged parts of the first hinge rod, the lever and the second hinge rod are connected by adopting a pin, and a cotter pin is inserted into the pin; and the hinged part of the second hinge rod and the compression rod is connected in a matching way by adopting a hexagon head bolt and a hexagon nut.
Preferably, the punch is fixed on the middle part of the push rod vertically through a punch fixing screw, and a return spring is sleeved outside the punch; the punch is in clearance fit with a female die fixed on the base through a female die fixing screw.
Preferably, a positioning block is installed in the base along the direction perpendicular to the axis of the punch through a positioning block fixing screw.
Preferably, the base is provided with an I-shaped cross section, so that the weight of the puncher can be reduced, and the base can still keep enough strength.
Preferably, the compression bar adopts a lever structure to play a certain force amplification role, the length of a power arm of the compression bar is 100mm, and the length of a resistance arm of the compression bar is 42-44mm, so that the compression bar can realize the amplification factor of more than 2. The punch base is subject to large blanking force loads and is easily deformed, so that the base needs to be optimized. According to the invention, the influence of each size of the cross section of the base on the deformation of the base is analyzed through the Simulte static force in the three-dimensional software CREO, so that a better size scheme is obtained, and the deformation of the base is reduced as much as possible. Under the premise that the steel plate is 304 stainless steel with the thickness of 1mm, the blanking force is about 6172N, the ranges of all sizes are sequentially set, the deformation condition of the base is obtained along with the increase of the sizes, and a better size scheme is selected according to an analysis result. A reasonable size range was set in the analysis: h is 10-20mm, a is 0-8mm, b is 3-10mm, L is 10-20 mm. And respectively obtaining sensitivity curves of the maximum deformation of the base in the size ranges. By observing the static analysis curve chart, the fact that the maximum deformation of the base is reduced along with the increase of the size under the punching force when H varies within the range of 10mm-20mm can be obviously obtained. Similarly, the maximum deformation of the base is increased along with the increase of L, the decrease of a and the increase of b.
Preferably, the length of the power arm of the pressure lever is 100 mm; the lengths of the power arm and the resistance arm of the lever are respectively 50 mm; the length of the first hinge rod is 70mm, and the length of the second hinge rod is 50 mm. The sensitivity chart analysis shows that the curve of H is in a descending trend and gradually tends to be stable, and the influence of the curve on the deformation of the base is gradually reduced; the curve of L also shows a descending trend, and the deformation is basically unchanged when the value of L is more than 17 mm; the curve of a generally shows an ascending trend, but the influence on the deformation is small, the maximum deformation of the base is increased by only 0.03mm from 0 to 8 mm; the curve of b shows a descending trend, and the influence on the deformation of the base is also small, the b is gradually increased to 10mm from 3mm, and the maximum deformation of the corresponding base is reduced to 0.274mm from 0.292 mm. From the above analysis results, reasonable dimensions H20 mm, L17 mm, a 5mm, and b 5mm were selected.
Preferably, the three-dimensional modeling of the base is used to derive, by means of static analysis: and the coaxiality deviation of the punch and the concave die in the base is 0.0143 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the main structure of the puncher disclosed by the invention adopts 7075 aluminum alloy, so that the quality of equipment can be effectively reduced on the premise of ensuring the structural strength, and the puncher is convenient to operate and carry.
(2) The three-stage force amplifying mechanism is obtained by sequentially connecting the hinge rod, the lever and the hinge rod in series, the input force is amplified for three times through the hinge rod, the lever and the hinge rod in sequence, the force is output through the push rod to complete the required punching action, and an operator can complete the punching operation by one hand.
(3) The invention also optimizes the structure of the base, adopts the I-shaped cross section, can reduce the quality of the whole puncher, simultaneously can meet the strength requirement, has smaller deformation, and ensures that the axial coaxiality of the punch and the female die is less than 0.05mm, thereby ensuring the punching quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a manual punch based on a hinge rod-lever-hinge rod three-stage force amplification mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a manual punch force amplification mechanism based on a hinge rod-lever-hinge rod three-stage force amplification mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a pressing rod in a manual punch based on a hinge rod-lever-hinge rod three-stage force amplification mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a base portion of a manual punch based on a hinge rod-lever-hinge rod three-stage force amplification mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the initial and final positions of a manual punch force amplification mechanism based on a hinge rod-lever-hinge rod three-stage force amplification mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a base in a manual punch based on a hinge rod-lever-hinge rod three-stage force amplification mechanism according to the present invention;
fig. 7-10 are graphs of the sensitivity of the deformation of the base of the present invention to the cross-sectional dimensions H, L, a, b, respectively.
In the figure: 1. a punch body; 2. a push rod; 3. a first hinge rod; 4. a lever; 5. a second hinge rod; 6. a pressure lever; 7. a pin; 8. a cotter pin; 9. a hexagon head bolt; 10. a hexagonal nut; 11. fixing a screw by a punch; 12. a return spring; 13. a punch; 14. positioning blocks; 15. fixing screws by positioning blocks; 16. a female die; 17. fixing a screw by a female die; 18. a base.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the invention type, and are not to be construed as limiting the invention type.
In the description of the invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, but are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the invention "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
Example one
The invention provides a manual puncher based on a hinge rod-lever-hinge rod three-stage force amplification mechanism, which comprises a puncher main body 1, a base 18 and a pressure rod 6, wherein a punch 13 and a female die 16 for punching are arranged in the base 18, and in order to not influence the single-hand operation of a user, the force amplification coefficient of the puncher is increased by utilizing the three-stage amplification mechanism on the basis of not changing the structural size of the puncher, and the pressure rod 6 pushes a pressure head 13 to move towards the female die 16 through the three-stage force amplification mechanism, so that the punching operation of a steel plate is completed.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1-2, the three-stage force amplifying mechanism of the present invention includes a set of symmetrically disposed levers 4, and a first hinge rod 3 and a second hinge rod 5 hinged to two ends of the levers 4, respectively, the middle portions of the two levers 4 are hinged to the punch body 1, the other ends of the two second hinge rods 5 are hinged to a resistance arm of a pressure lever 6 hinged to the punch body 1, the other ends of the two first hinge rods 3 are hinged to two ends of the push rod 2, respectively, and a worker applies pressure through the pressure lever 6 and amplifies and transmits the pressure to the base 18 through the three-stage force amplifying mechanism composed of the second hinge rod 5, the levers 4, and the first hinge rods 3.
In order to facilitate installation and disassembly, the hinged parts of the first hinge rod 3, the lever 4 and the second hinge rod 5 are connected by a pin 7, and a cotter pin 8 is inserted on the pin 7; and the compression bar 6 is provided with a long round hole, so that the use of a cotter pin 8 is inconvenient, and therefore, the hinged part of the second hinge rod 5 of the compression bar 6 and the compression bar 6 is matched and connected by adopting a hexagonal head bolt 9 and a hexagonal nut 10.
As shown in fig. 4, the punch 13 is vertically fixed to the middle of the push rod 2 through the punch fixing screw 11, the return spring 12 is sleeved outside the punch 13, the punch 13 is fixed to the push rod 2 through the punch fixing screw 11, punching work is performed along with movement of the push rod 2, the original position is restored through the return spring 12 after one-time punching is completed, and punching efficiency is improved. The punch 13 is in clearance fit with a female die 16 fixed on a base 18 through a female die fixing screw 17, a positioning block 14 is mounted in the base 18 along the direction perpendicular to the axis of the punch 13 through a positioning block fixing screw 15, the female die 16 is fixed by the positioning block fixing screw 15, the punch 13 is prevented from being taken out of the base 18 when being reset, and the position of the positioning block 14 can be adjusted by loosening the positioning block fixing screw 15.
According to the invention, the base 18 and the three-stage force amplifying mechanism are made of 7075 aluminum alloy, so that the aluminum alloy has high strength, good mechanical properties and low density, and the quality of equipment can be effectively reduced on the premise of ensuring the structural strength.
In order to take account of the strength and weight of the base 18, the base 18 in this embodiment has an i-shaped cross section, and the cross section of the base 18 has the following dimensions: h18 mm, a 3mm, b 3mm, L10 mm; the dimensions of the other structures that make up the punch of the present invention are: the length of a power arm of the pressure lever 6 is 100mm, the length of a resistance arm of the pressure lever 6 is 42mm, and the lengths of the power arm and the resistance arm of the lever 4 are respectively 50 mm; the first hinge rod 3 is 70mm long, and the second hinge rod 5 is 50mm long.
The invention obtains the sensitivity of the deformation of the bottom 18 of the punch to each size of the bottom by utilizing finite elements, designs the size of the base according to the data, reasonably reduces the quality of the punch, and ensures that the deformation of the base 18 is in a proper range, thereby ensuring that the coaxiality deviation of the punch 16 and the die 16 is 0.0143 mm.
The cross-section of the base 18 has various dimensions: h is 20mm, L is 17mm, a is 5mm, b is 5 mm; the lengths of the power arm and the resistance arm of the lever 4 are respectively 50 mm; the first hinge rod 3 is 70mm long, and the second hinge rod 5 is 50mm long.
Example two
The dimensions of the cross-section of the base 18 in this embodiment are: h20 mm, a 5mm, b 5mm, L17 mm; the dimensions of the other structures that make up the punch of the present invention are: the length of a power arm of the pressure lever 6 is 100mm, the length of a resistance arm of the pressure lever 6 is 43mm, and the lengths of the power arm and the resistance arm of the lever 4 are respectively 50 mm; the first hinge rod 3 has a length of 70mm and the second hinge rod 5 has a length of 50 mm.
EXAMPLE III
The dimensions of the cross-section of the base 18 in this embodiment are: h is 10mm, a is 8mm, b is 10mm, L is 20 mm; the dimensions of the other structures that make up the punch of the present invention are: the length of a power arm of the pressure lever 6 is 100mm, the length of a resistance arm of the pressure lever 6 is 44mm, and the lengths of the power arm and the resistance arm of the lever 4 are respectively 50 mm; the first hinge rod 3 is 70mm long, and the second hinge rod 5 is 50mm long.
The invention provides a manual puncher based on a hinge rod-lever-hinge rod three-stage force amplification mechanism, when the manual puncher is used, a worker applies pressure through a pressure rod 6, the pressure is amplified and transmitted to a base 18 through a three-stage force amplification mechanism consisting of a second hinge rod 5, a lever 4 and a first hinge rod 3, the action state of the three-stage force amplification mechanism is shown in figure 5, wherein ABOCD is the initial position of the three-stage force amplification mechanism, abcd is the end position of the three-stage force amplification mechanism, alpha is 10 degrees, and beta is 8 degrees. The punch 13 is fixed on the push rod 2 through the punch fixing screw 11, punching work is carried out along with the movement of the push rod 2, and the original position is recovered through the return spring 12 after one-time punching is finished.
In order to verify that the three-stage force amplification mechanism of the present invention can obtain a large force amplification factor, analysis was performed by calculation based on data of each structure constituting the three-stage force amplification mechanism in combination with the contents shown in fig. 5:
according to a hinge rod-lever-hinge rod three-level force amplification coefficient formula:
wherein lob、locThe power arm and the resistance arm of the lever 4 are divided, the power arm is 50mm in design, and the resistance arm is also 50 mm. Alpha is the included angle between the hinge rod ab and the horizontal direction when the stroke is finished, beta is the included angle between the hinge rod cd and the vertical direction when the stroke is finished, and the smaller the two included angles are, the larger the magnification factor of force is, alpha is 10 degrees, and beta is 8 degrees in the design.
Respectively a friction angle between the hinge rod 5 and the lever 4 and a friction angle between the lever 4 and the hinge rod 3,
where r is the radius of the pin 7 and f is the coefficient of friction of the hinge pair. In the design scheme, the pin radius r is 6, and the hinge rod labLength 50, hinge rod lcdThe length was 70, and the coefficient of friction f was 0.47. Substituting the formula to obtain the friction angles respectively as follows:substituting the obtained parameters into ipIn (3), the amplification factor of the three-stage force amplification mechanism is 14.7. In addition, the pressure lever 6 has a powerful amplification effect, iqPower arm divided by resistance arm:
the magnification i of the overall mechanism is therefore:
i=ip×iq≈14.7×2.3=33.8
and the amplification factor of the whole mechanism is about 33.8 by matching with the amplification factor of the compression rod 6 which is larger than 2.
Through the calculation and analysis, the three-level force amplification mechanism can obviously improve the force amplification coefficient compared with the traditional lever structure, and can complete the punching operation of the steel plate by one-hand operation of personnel on the basis of not changing the size of a manual puncher.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical scope of the present invention and the equivalent alternatives or modifications according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The manual puncher comprises a puncher main body (1), a base (18) and a pressing rod (6), wherein a punch (13) and a female die (16) which are used for punching are arranged in the base (18), and the manual puncher is characterized by further comprising a three-level force amplification mechanism, and the pressing rod (6) pushes the pressing head (13) to move towards the female die (16) through the three-level force amplification mechanism.
2. The manual punch based on the hinge-lever-hinge three-stage force amplification mechanism is characterized in that the three-stage force amplification mechanism comprises a group of symmetrically arranged levers (4) and a first hinge rod (3) and a second hinge rod (5) which are respectively hinged to two ends of the levers, the middle parts of the two levers (4) are hinged to the punch main body (1), the other ends of the two second hinge rods (5) are hinged to a resistance arm of a pressure rod (6) hinged to the punch main body (1) together, and the other ends of the two first hinge rods (3) are respectively hinged to two ends of a push rod (2).
3. The manual punch based on the hinge rod-lever-hinge rod three-stage force amplification mechanism is characterized in that the hinged parts of the first hinge rod (3), the lever (4) and the second hinge rod (5) are connected by a pin (7), and a cotter pin (8) is inserted on the pin (7); the hinged part of the second hinge rod (5) and the compression rod (6) is connected in a matching way by adopting a hexagon head bolt (9) and a hexagon nut (10).
4. The manual hole punch based on the hinge rod-lever-hinge rod three-stage force amplification mechanism is characterized in that the punch (13) is fixed to the middle part of the push rod (2) vertically through a punch fixing screw (11), and a return spring (12) is sleeved outside the punch (13); the punch (13) is in clearance fit with a female die (16) fixed on a base (18) through a female die fixing screw (17).
5. The manual punch based on the hinge rod-lever-hinge rod three-stage force amplification mechanism is characterized in that a positioning block (14) is installed in the base (18) through a positioning block fixing screw (15) along the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the punch (13).
6. A manual punch based on a hinge-lever-hinge three-stage force amplification mechanism according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the base (18) is of I-shaped cross-section.
7. The manual punch based on the hinge-lever-hinge three-stage force amplification mechanism of claim 6 is characterized in that the length of the power arm of the pressure rod (6) is 100mm, the length of the resistance arm of the pressure rod (6) is 42-44mm, and the cross section of the base (18) has various dimensions: h is 10-20mm, a is 0-8mm, b is 3-10mm, L is 10-20 mm.
8. The manual punch based on the hinge-lever-hinge three-stage force amplification mechanism of claim 7 is characterized in that the power arm length of the pressure lever (6) is 100 mm; the cross-section of the base (18) has various dimensions: h is 20mm, L is 17mm, a is 5mm, b is 5 mm; the lengths of a power arm and a resistance arm of the lever (4) are respectively 50 mm; the length of the first hinge rod (3) is 70mm, and the length of the second hinge rod (5) is 50 mm.
9. The manual punch based on hinge-lever-hinge three-stage force amplification mechanism of claim 8 is characterized in that the deviation of the coaxiality of the punch (13) and the die (16) in the base (18) is 0.0143 mm.
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