CN114471623A - Tellurium catalyst and application thereof in photo-thermal catalytic air disinfection - Google Patents

Tellurium catalyst and application thereof in photo-thermal catalytic air disinfection Download PDF

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CN114471623A
CN114471623A CN202210096613.4A CN202210096613A CN114471623A CN 114471623 A CN114471623 A CN 114471623A CN 202210096613 A CN202210096613 A CN 202210096613A CN 114471623 A CN114471623 A CN 114471623A
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tellurium
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CN114471623B (en
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夏德华
关心怡
唐倬云
何春
刘威奇
麻丁仁
陈琪
焦奕木
曹菁
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Keshunmeijia (Shenzhen) Service Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

The invention discloses a tellurium catalyst and application thereof in photo-thermal catalytic air disinfection, belonging to the technical field of air purification. The tellurium catalyst is a carbon-doped tellurium catalyst, and an exposed crystal face is a 100 crystal face. The tellurium catalyst comprises tellurium/pollen carbon Te/TRP, tellurium/carbon nitride Te/CN3Or Te nanowire material, takes the high-energy crystal face 100 as the main crystal face, and the catalyst has stronger catalytic activity and better stability and can be applied to near infrared lightThe sterilizing agent shows excellent sterilizing performance, has sterilizing rate of over 99 percent, does not generate sterilizing byproducts, has excellent light absorption capacity, and realizes efficient sterilization under the irradiation condition of near infrared light.

Description

Tellurium catalyst and application thereof in photo-thermal catalytic air disinfection
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of air purification, in particular to a tellurium catalyst and application thereof in photo-thermal catalytic air disinfection.
Background
Bioaerosols are microbial cells that contain debris and particulate matter of biological origin in the air. These small particles can cause infectious diseases, acute toxic reactions and allergies, thereby affecting human health. Due to the recent prevalence of severe acute respiratory diseases, bioaerosol prevention and control measures have attracted worldwide attention. Current strategies to prevent the transmission of airborne pathogens include dilution ventilation, pressurization, directed air flow, disinfection and filtration. However, dilution ventilation, pressurization and directional airflow, filtration do not remove and destroy airborne infectious agents. However, during operation of the filtration system, contaminants accumulate and the entrapped microorganisms proliferate within the filtration media, resulting in poor filtration efficiency, higher cost, and contamination of downstream airborne pathogens. Therefore, disinfection techniques are added to prevent the transmission of airborne pathogens.
Conventional air disinfection techniques, including chemical spray inactivation and Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation inactivation, present several problematic issues that limit their further development and practical application. For example, the high use of traditional chemical disinfectants (chlorine dioxide, ethylene oxide, etc.) is very energy intensive and tends to form harmful by-products in the presence of other air pollutants. Uv disinfection may be a useful method, but lacks sustained effectiveness, inevitably results in ozone contamination, and has low antimicrobial efficiency. In contrast, the solar photocatalytic/photothermal catalytic technology can inactivate and decompose cells into carbon dioxide, water and other inorganic substances, has no secondary pollution, and is an air disinfection technology with great potential. However, the conventional photocatalyst is mostly modified by noble metals, so that the cost is high and the application is limited. Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop a photo-thermal catalyst with high cost performance, high activity and high stability, which can be applied to near-infrared light catalytic disinfection, so that the photo-thermal catalysis technology can be applied to the field of air disinfection on a large scale.
The prior art CN110449169A discloses a semi-metal material Te nanowire-graphene hydrogel composite material, and the Te nanowire with stronger photo-thermal sterilization activity and porous reduced graphene oxide with a certain sterilization effect are compounded to prepare the Te nanowire/graphene hydrogel composite material, so that the photo-thermal sterilization effect is improved, the stability problem of a tellurium catalyst is not solved, and the sterilization effect is only aimed at escherichia coli and bacillus.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and defects of poor catalytic activity and stability of the existing photothermal sterilization tellurium catalyst, and provides a tellurium catalyst.
The invention also aims to provide application of the tellurium catalyst in the field of photo-thermal catalytic air disinfection.
The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a tellurium catalyst, the tellurium catalyst is a carbon-doped tellurium catalyst, and the exposed crystal face is a 100 crystal face.
The tellurium catalyst takes a high-energy crystal face 100 as an exposed crystal face, the ratio of the crystal face 100 to the crystal face 101 reaches 3.83, the exposed crystal face can enable the catalyst to have stronger catalytic activity and better stability, and the catalyst can show excellent sterilization performance under the drive of near infrared light. The tellurium catalyst is a carbon-doped tellurium catalyst, the carbon material has very strong light absorption capacity, has more excellent photo-thermal catalytic effect after being doped with carbon, is cheaper and easily obtained compared with the semi-metal Te, is easy to recycle, can be repeatedly used through regeneration, and is an environment-friendly material.
Preferably, the carbon-doped tellurium catalyst comprises tellurium/pollen carbon Te/TRP, tellurium/carbon nitride Te/CN3Or Te nanowire material.
In a specific embodiment, preferably, the preparation method of the tellurium/pollen carbon Te/TRP is as follows:
s1: dissolving rape pollen RP in absolute ethyl alcohol, and fully dissolving until the solution is bright yellow to obtain a solution A;
s2: carrying out solid-liquid separation on the solution A, removing impurities to obtain a solid phase material, dissolving the solid phase material in a mixed solution of absolute ethyl alcohol and formaldehyde, and stirring for reaction for 1.5-2.5 h to obtain a solution B;
s3: removing absolute ethanol and methanol in the solution B, dissolving in concentrated sulfuric acid, and performing carbonization reaction at 70-90 ℃ to obtain treated pollen carbon TRP;
s4: preparing a uniform aqueous solution of the pollen carbon, adding sodium tellurite and polyvinylpyrrolidone, sequentially stirring, adding ammonia water and hydrazine hydrate solution as a reducing agent, continuously stirring for reaction for 0.8-1.2 h, and carrying out hydrothermal synthesis reaction to obtain Te/TRP, wherein the hydrothermal reaction temperature is 180-220 ℃ and the reaction time is 8-16 h.
Among them, it should be noted that:
dissolving the pollen in absolute ethyl alcohol in S1, dissolving impurities of natural pollen in absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain an impurity-removed solid phase material, filtering, washing and removing insoluble impurities in the subsequent solid-liquid separation and impurity removal step of S2, and further dissolving the insoluble impurities in the mixed solution of ethanol and formaldehyde in S2 to realize the fixation of carbon skeleton morphology, so that the inherent pore structure of the pollen can be fixed, and the pore collapse in the subsequent sulfuric acid carbonization process can be prevented.
The preparation method of the solution a in S1 can be specifically referred to as follows:
rape Pollen (RP) was mixed at a ratio of 1 g: dissolving 10mL of the aqueous solution in absolute ethyl alcohol, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 150-200 min until the solution is bright yellow to obtain a solution A.
The solid-liquid separation and washing of the solution A in S2 and the solution B in S3 can be carried out by adopting a suction filtration washing method, and the washing times are 3-5 times.
The pollen carbon TRP prepared by the invention is dark brown solid powder.
The preparation of the homogeneous aqueous solution of the powdered carbon in S4 can be specifically referred to as follows:
dispersing the modified pollen carbon material in pure water under the condition of vigorous ultrasonic stirring, wherein the ultrasonic power is 110W.
In the invention, the Te simple substance is synthesized in S4, and then the Te simple substance is compounded with the pollen carbon, and the exposed crystal face of 100 can be generated by controlling the calcination temperature and the calcination time.
Further preferably, the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 200 ℃ and the reaction time is 12 h.
Te/TRP has electrostatic attraction to bacteria, can destroy the function of bacterial cell membrane, and can further improve the bactericidal effect.
In specific embodiments, preferably, the tellurium/carbon nitride Te/CN3The preparation method comprises the following steps:
adding TeCl2Mixing trimesic acid and dicyandiamide to obtain a precursor, and calcining under inert gas to obtain Te/CN3，
Wherein TeCl2The dosage ratio of the trimesic acid to the dicyandiamide is 1 mol: 10 g: 100g, the calcining temperature is 60-100 ℃, and the calcining time is 2-4 h.
Further preferably, the calcination temperature is 80 ℃ and the calcination time is 3 h.
Among them, it should be noted that:
adding TeCl2The trimesic acid and dicyandiamide can be mixed by a ball milling method, and the ball milling time is 1-3 hours.
The inert gas may be N2And (3) atmosphere, wherein the flow of the calcined nitrogen is 30-80 mL/min.
Te/CN3 is a fold nano-sheet with a sharp edge, can adhere to bacterial cells and cut the bacterial cells, and can further improve the sterilization effect.
The porous pollen carbon and the corrugated sheet are more beneficial to the contact of bacteria and materials, so that the bacteria are trapped, and active oxygen species and heat energy generated in the reaction process are better utilized.
In a specific embodiment, the preparation method of the Te nanowire material is as follows:
dissolving and mixing sodium tellurite and polyvinylpyrrolidone, adding ammonia water, stirring uniformly, adding hydrazine hydrate solution as a reducing agent, mixing uniformly, carrying out hydrothermal reaction, purifying and drying to obtain a Te nanowire material,
wherein the hydrothermal reaction temperature is 200 ℃, and the reaction time is 8-16 h.
Among them, it should be noted that:
the specific operation of purifying and drying the hydrothermal reaction product can be referred to as follows:
and (3) carrying out vacuum filtration and filtration on the reaction product, repeatedly washing with pure water until the pH value of the cleaning solution is neutral (6-7), putting the cleaning solution into a vacuum drying oven, and drying for 24 hours at 60 ℃ to obtain the purified and dried Te nanowire material.
Wherein the relative molecular mass of polyvinylpyrrolidone is 40000.
The invention also specifically protects the application of the tellurium catalyst in the field of photo-thermal catalytic air disinfection.
In the specific embodiment, the light source of the photothermal catalysis in the application of the invention is near infrared light, and the light intensity of the near infrared light is 100-300mW/cm2。
Tellurium in the tellurium catalyst has excellent light absorption capacity and can still realize high-efficiency disinfection under the irradiation condition of near infrared light.
The tellurium catalyst is thoroughly applied to photo-thermal catalysis air disinfection and sterilization, has high efficiency, does not generate disinfection byproducts, and has low price and easy acquisition compared with other noble metal catalysts. The nonmetal tellurium has the similar SPR effect with the transition metal bismuth, has excellent light absorption capacity, can realize high-efficiency killing of airborne pathogens under the irradiation of near-infrared light, is easy to recover, can be recycled through regeneration, and is an environment-friendly material.
In a specific embodiment, the amount of the catalyst used in the application is 10-50 mg, preferably 25 mg.
In particular embodiments, the air sanitization includes killing escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, and viruses.
The tellurium catalyst is applied to photo-thermal catalysis air disinfection and sterilization, and the quantity of target strains capable of being killed is 7-9log10cfu/mL。
The specific application method of the tellurium catalyst in the field of photo-thermal catalytic air disinfection can be referred to as follows:
aerosol containing pathogens is sprayed into a reactor containing a tellurium catalyst, and near infrared light is used as a light source to carry out photo-thermal catalytic air disinfection.
In the reaction system, tellurium catalyst can generate superoxide radical (O)2-), singlet oxygen (1O)2) And the active oxygen species and heat attack the target strain, so that the thin cell membrane of the target strain is damaged, DNA is leaked and dissolved out, and the target strain is finally killed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the tellurium catalyst comprises tellurium/pollen carbon Te/TRP, tellurium/carbon nitride Te/CN3Or Te nanowire material, the high-energy crystal face 100 is taken as the main crystal face, the catalyst has stronger catalytic activity and better stability, and can show excellent sterilization performance under the drive of near infrared light, the sterilization rate can reach more than 99 percent, and no disinfection by-product is generated.
The tellurium catalyst provided by the invention has excellent light absorption capacity, and can realize efficient sterilization under the near-infrared light irradiation condition.
The tellurium catalyst of the invention has high efficiency, stability, nontoxicity, wider light absorption range, higher catalytic activity after multiple catalytic cycles, and reusability through regeneration.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a scanning electron microscope SEM picture of the Te nanowire material catalyst of example 2.
Fig. 2 is an HRTEM picture of the Te nanowire material catalyst of example 2.
FIG. 3 is a SEM image of Te/TRP of example 6.
FIG. 4 is Te/CN of example 73Scanning electron microscope SEM picture of (1).
Fig. 5 is an X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the Te nanowire material catalyst of examples 1-3.
FIG. 6 is an X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of Te/TRP of example 6.
FIG. 7 is Te/CN of example 73X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of (a).
Fig. 8 is a UV-Vis absorption spectrum of the Te nanowire material catalyst of examples 1-3.
Fig. 9 photo of thermal infrared imaging of the Te nanowire material catalyst of example 2 under near infrared light irradiation.
Fig. 10 is a singlet oxygen Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectrum of the tellurium catalyst Te nanowire material catalyst of example 2 under a photo-thermal catalytic system.
Fig. 11 a superoxide radical Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectrum of the tellurium catalyst Te nanowire material catalyst of example 2 under a photo-thermal catalysis system.
FIG. 12 singlet oxygen Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectrum under the Te/TRP photothermal catalytic system of example 6.
FIG. 13 the superoxide radical Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectrum under the Te/TRP photothermal catalytic system of example 6.
FIG. 14 Te/CN of example 73Singlet oxygen Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectrum under the photo-thermal catalysis system.
FIG. 15 Te/CN in example 73And (3) a superoxide radical Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectrum under the photo-thermal catalysis system.
Fig. 16 is a comparison graph of the photo-thermal catalytic killing of airborne escherichia coli by the Te nanowire catalyst of example 2 and the bactericidal performance of comparative examples 1, 2, and 3.
FIG. 17 is a graph comparing the bactericidal performance of Te/TRP photothermal catalytic killing of airborne Escherichia coli of example 6 and comparative examples 1, 2, 4.
FIG. 18 shows example 7Prepared Te/CN3Comparison of the sterilization performance of photothermal catalysis for killing airborne escherichia coli and comparative examples 1, 2, and 5.
Fig. 19 is a stability test of the Te nanowire material prepared in example 10 for photothermal catalytic killing of escherichia coli.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the examples in any way. The starting reagents employed in the examples of the present invention are, unless otherwise specified, those that are conventionally purchased.
Example 1
A tellurium catalyst Te nanowire material Te-8h is prepared by the following specific steps:
(1): 160mg of sodium tellurite Na2TeO3And 1g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with the relative molecular mass of 40000 is dissolved in 100mL of deionized water, 7mL of ammonia water is firstly added into the mixed solution under the condition of magnetic stirring and stirred uniformly, then 3mL of hydrazine hydrate solution is added as a reducing agent, and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour continuously.
(2): and after stirring, transferring the mixed solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, carrying out hydrothermal synthesis reaction in an oven, wherein the hydrothermal temperature is 200 ℃, the hydrothermal time is 8h, and after the reaction is finished, slowly cooling to room temperature.
(3): and then carrying out vacuum filtration and filtration on the reaction product, repeatedly washing with pure water until the pH value of the cleaning solution is neutral, putting the solution into a vacuum drying oven, and drying for 24h at 60 ℃ to obtain the Te-8h nanowire material.
Placing the prepared Te-8h (25mg) into a reactor, and placing the reactor under the condition of light intensity of 200mW/cm2The experiment of killing the airborne escherichia coli by photo-thermal catalysis is carried out under the irradiation of near infrared light.
Example 2
A tellurium catalyst Te nanowire material Te-12h is prepared by the following specific steps:
(1): 160mg of sodium tellurite (Na)2TeO3) And 1g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) having a relative molecular mass of 40000 dissolved in 100ml of deionized waterAdding 7mL of ammonia water into the mixed solution under the condition of magnetic stirring, uniformly stirring, adding 3mL of hydrazine hydrate solution serving as a reducing agent, and continuously stirring for 1 h.
(2): and after stirring, transferring the mixed solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, carrying out hydrothermal synthesis reaction in an oven, wherein the hydrothermal temperature is 200 ℃, the hydrothermal time is 12h, and after the reaction is finished, slowly cooling to room temperature.
(3): and then carrying out vacuum filtration and filtration on the reaction product, repeatedly washing with pure water until the pH value of the cleaning solution is neutral, putting the solution into a vacuum drying oven, and drying for 24h at 60 ℃ to obtain the Te-12h nanowire material.
Placing the prepared Te-12h (25mg) into a reactor, and placing the reactor at a light intensity of 200mW/cm2The experiment of killing the airborne escherichia coli by photo-thermal catalysis is carried out under the irradiation of near infrared light.
Example 3
A tellurium catalyst Te nanowire material Te-16h is prepared by the following specific steps:
(1): 160mg of sodium tellurite (Na)2TeO3) And 1g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with the relative molecular mass of 40000 is dissolved in 100mL of deionized water, 7mL of ammonia water is firstly added into the mixed solution under the condition of magnetic stirring and stirred uniformly, then 3mL of hydrazine hydrate solution is added as a reducing agent, and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour continuously.
(2): and after stirring, transferring the mixed solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, carrying out hydrothermal synthesis reaction in an oven, wherein the hydrothermal temperature is 200 ℃, the hydrothermal time is 16h, and after the reaction is finished, slowly cooling to room temperature.
(3): and then carrying out vacuum filtration and filtration on the reaction product, repeatedly washing with pure water until the pH value of the cleaning solution is neutral, putting the solution into a vacuum drying oven, and drying for 24h at 60 ℃ to obtain the Te-16h nanowire material.
Placing the prepared Te-16h (25mg) into a reactor, and placing the reactor at a light intensity of 200mW/cm2The experiment of killing the airborne escherichia coli by photo-thermal catalysis is carried out under the irradiation of near infrared light.
Example 4
A tellurium catalyst Te nanowire material Te-12h is prepared by the following specific steps:
(1): 160mg of sodium tellurite (Na)2TeO3) And 1g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with the relative molecular mass of 40000 is dissolved in 100mL of deionized water, 7mL of ammonia water is firstly added into the mixed solution under the condition of magnetic stirring and stirred uniformly, then 3mL of hydrazine hydrate solution is added as a reducing agent, and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour continuously.
(2): and after stirring, transferring the mixed solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, carrying out hydrothermal synthesis reaction in an oven, wherein the hydrothermal temperature is 200 ℃, the hydrothermal time is 12h, and after the reaction is finished, slowly cooling to room temperature.
(3): and then carrying out vacuum filtration and filtration on the reaction product, repeatedly washing with pure water until the pH value of the cleaning solution is neutral, putting the solution into a vacuum drying oven, and drying for 24h at 60 ℃ to obtain the Te-12h nanowire material.
Placing the prepared Te-12h (25mg) into a reactor, and placing the reactor at a light intensity of 100mW/cm2The experiment of killing the airborne escherichia coli by photo-thermal catalysis is carried out under the irradiation of near infrared light.
Example 5
A tellurium catalyst Te nanowire material Te-12h is prepared by the following specific steps:
(1): 160mg of sodium tellurite (Na)2TeO3) And 1g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with the relative molecular mass of 40000 is dissolved in 100mL of deionized water, 7mL of ammonia water is firstly added into the mixed solution under the condition of magnetic stirring and stirred uniformly, then 3mL of hydrazine hydrate solution is added as a reducing agent, and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour continuously.
(2): and after stirring, transferring the mixed solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, carrying out hydrothermal synthesis reaction in an oven, wherein the hydrothermal temperature is 200 ℃, the hydrothermal time is 12h, and after the reaction is finished, slowly cooling to room temperature.
(3): and then carrying out vacuum filtration and filtration on the reaction product, repeatedly washing with pure water until the pH value of the cleaning solution is neutral, putting the solution into a vacuum drying oven, and drying for 24h at 60 ℃ to obtain the Te-12h nanowire material.
Placing the prepared Te-12h (25mg) into a reactor, and placing the reactor at a light intensity of 300mW/cm2The experiment of killing the airborne escherichia coli by photo-thermal catalysis is carried out under the irradiation of near infrared light.
Example 6
A tellurium/pollen carbon material is prepared by the following steps:
s1, weighing 10g of natural Rape Pollen (RP) and dissolving in 100mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, performing ultrasonic treatment for 180min by using a 110W ultrasonic machine until the solution is bright yellow, and dissolving the pollen in the absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain a solution A;
s2: carrying out suction filtration and washing on the solution A for several times to obtain a washed solid-phase material, then dissolving the material in a mixed solution of 50ml of absolute ethyl alcohol and 50ml of formaldehyde solution, and continuously stirring for 2 hours by using a magnetic stirrer to obtain a solution B;
s3, carrying out suction filtration and washing on the solution B for 3-5 times, dissolving the obtained washed material in 12 mol/L100 ml concentrated sulfuric acid, stirring in a constant-temperature water bath at 80 ℃ for 6h, collecting, washing and drying the reacted material to obtain modified pollen carbon (TRP) dark brown solid powder;
s4, 0.1g of modified pollen carbon material is weighed and dispersed in 100ml of pure water under the condition of vigorous ultrasonic stirring, 160mg of sodium tellurite (Na)2TeO3) And 1g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, the molecular weight of 40000) is dissolved in the mixed solution, 7mL of ammonia water is added into the mixed solution under the condition of magnetic stirring, 3mL of hydrazine hydrate solution is added as a reducing agent after the mixture is uniformly stirred, the mixture is continuously stirred for 1h, the mixed solution is transferred into a hydrothermal reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining after the stirring is finished, and the hydrothermal reaction is carried out for 12h at the temperature of 200 ℃. After the reaction is finished, the temperature is slowly reduced to room temperature. Then collecting and washing the reaction product to obtain Te/TRP;
placing the prepared Te/TRP material (25mg) into a reactor, and placing the material in the reactor under the light intensity of 200mW/cm2The experiment of killing the airborne escherichia coli by photo-thermal catalysis is carried out under the irradiation of near infrared light.
Example 7
Te/CN3The preparation method of the material comprises the following steps:
adding 5mol TeCl2Ball-milling 50g of trimesic acid and 500g of dicyandiamide for 2h by using a ball mill to obtain a precursor, and mixing the precursor at 800 ℃ under 50mL/min of N2Calcining for 3h under the flow rate.
Taking the prepared Te/CN3The material (25mg) was placed in a built-up reactor at a light intensity of 200mW/cm2The experiment of killing the airborne escherichia coli by photo-thermal catalysis is carried out under the irradiation of near infrared light.
Example 8
A tellurium catalyst Te nanowire material Te-12h is prepared by the following specific steps:
(1): 160mg of sodium tellurite (Na)2TeO3) And 1g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with the relative molecular mass of 40000 is dissolved in 100mL of deionized water, 7mL of ammonia water is firstly added into the mixed solution under the condition of magnetic stirring and stirred uniformly, then 3mL of hydrazine hydrate solution is added as a reducing agent, and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour continuously.
(2): and after stirring, transferring the mixed solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, carrying out hydrothermal synthesis reaction in an oven, wherein the hydrothermal temperature is 200 ℃, the hydrothermal time is 12h, and after the reaction is finished, slowly cooling to room temperature.
(3): and then carrying out vacuum filtration and filtration on the reaction product, repeatedly washing with pure water until the pH value of the cleaning solution is neutral, putting the solution into a vacuum drying oven, and drying for 24h at 60 ℃ to obtain the Te-12h nanowire material.
Loading the prepared Te-12h (25mg) on non-woven fabric, and controlling the light intensity at 200mW/cm2Under the irradiation of near infrared light, the experiment of killing staphylococcus aureus by photo-thermal catalysis is carried out.
Example 9
A tellurium catalyst Te nanowire material Te-12h is prepared by the following specific steps:
(1): 160mg of sodium tellurite (Na)2TeO3) And 1g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) having a relative molecular mass of 40000 were dissolved in 100ml of deionized water,and adding 7mL of ammonia water into the mixed solution under the condition of magnetic stirring, uniformly stirring, adding 3mL of hydrazine hydrate solution serving as a reducing agent, and continuously stirring for 1 h.
(2): and after stirring, transferring the mixed solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, carrying out hydrothermal synthesis reaction in an oven, wherein the hydrothermal temperature is 200 ℃, the hydrothermal time is 12h, and after the reaction is finished, slowly cooling to room temperature.
(3): and then carrying out vacuum filtration and filtration on the reaction product, repeatedly washing with pure water until the pH value of the cleaning solution is neutral, putting the solution into a vacuum drying oven, and drying for 24h at 60 ℃ to obtain the Te-12h nanowire material.
Loading the prepared Te-12h (25mg) on non-woven fabric, and controlling the light intensity at 200mW/cm2The experiment of killing MS2 virus by photo-thermal catalysis is carried out under the irradiation of near infrared light.
Example 10
A tellurium catalyst Te nanowire material Te-12h is prepared by the following specific steps:
(1): 160mg of sodium tellurite (Na)2TeO3) And 1g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with the relative molecular mass of 40000 is dissolved in 100mL of deionized water, 7mL of ammonia water is firstly added into the mixed solution under the condition of magnetic stirring and stirred uniformly, then 3mL of hydrazine hydrate solution is added as a reducing agent, and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour continuously.
(2): and after stirring, transferring the mixed solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, carrying out hydrothermal synthesis reaction in an oven, wherein the hydrothermal temperature is 200 ℃, the hydrothermal time is 12h, and after the reaction is finished, slowly cooling to room temperature.
(3): and then carrying out vacuum filtration and filtration on the reaction product, repeatedly washing with pure water until the pH value of the cleaning solution is neutral, putting the solution into a vacuum drying oven, and drying for 24h at 60 ℃ to obtain the Te-12h nanowire material.
Placing the prepared Te-12h (50mg) into a reactor, and placing the reactor under the condition of light intensity of 300mW/cm2The experiment of killing the airborne escherichia coli by photo-thermal catalysis is carried out under the irradiation of near infrared light. And after the reaction is finished, recovering Te for-12 hAnd repeating the cycle experiment for 5 times in total to verify the catalytic stability of the material.
Comparative example 1
Aerosol generator 108Generating aerosol of Escherichia coli with diameter of 1-5 μm and flow rate of 0.3mL/min from CFU/mL bacterial suspension, exposing the reactor without loaded catalyst to the aerosol for 5min, and standing in dark for 20 min. Finally, the reaction apparatus was thoroughly washed with 20mL of sterile water. The concentration of E.coli in the eluate was determined by standard plate counting.
The dark control comparative example can exclude the effects of biotoxicity of the material and natural pathogen attenuation.
Comparative example 2
Aerosol generator 108CFU/mL of bacterial suspension to produce 1-5 μm diameter, 0.3mL/min flow rate of Escherichia coli aerosol, and exposing the reactor without loaded catalyst to the aerosol for 5min, then exposing the reaction device to near infrared light from xenon lamp for 20min, and the optical power density is 200mW/cm2. Finally, the reaction apparatus was thoroughly washed with 20mL of sterile water. The concentration of E.coli in the eluate was determined by standard plate counting.
Comparative example 3
Aerosol generator 108CFU/mL of bacterial suspension to produce 1-5 μm diameter, 0.3mL/min flow rate of Escherichia coli aerosol, and the loaded example 2 material reactor exposed to the aerosol for 5min, in the dark conditions for 20 min. Finally, the reaction apparatus was thoroughly washed with 20mL of sterile water. The concentration of E.coli in the eluate was determined by standard plate counting.
Comparative example 4
Aerosol generator 108CFU/mL of the bacterial suspension to produce an aerosol of E.coli with a diameter of 1-5 μm and a flow rate of 0.3mL/min, and the reactor loaded with the Te/TRP material prepared in example 6 was exposed to the aerosol for 5min and left in the dark for 20 min. Finally, the reaction apparatus was thoroughly washed with 20mL of sterile water. Concentration of Escherichia coli in eluateMeasured by standard plate counting method.
Comparative example 5
Aerosol generator 108CFU/mL of bacterial suspension to produce an aerosol of E.coli with a diameter of 1-5 μm and a flow rate of 0.3mL/min, and will be loaded with the Te/CN prepared in example 73The reactor of material was exposed to the aerosol for 5min and placed under dark conditions for 20 min. Finally, the reaction apparatus was thoroughly washed with 20mL of sterile water. The concentration of E.coli in the eluate was determined by standard plate counting.
Comparative example 6
A bacterial solution of staphylococcus aureus was dropped on the non-woven fabric on which the tellurium catalyst prepared in example 8 was supported, and then it was left in the dark for 20 min. Finally, the reaction apparatus was thoroughly washed with 20mL of sterile water. The concentration of Staphylococcus aureus in the eluate was determined by standard plate counting.
Comparative example 7
Dripping Staphylococcus aureus solution on non-woven fabric, and exposing to near infrared light emitted from xenon lamp with optical power density of 200mW/cm for 20min2. Finally, the reaction apparatus was thoroughly washed with 20mL of sterile water. The concentration of Staphylococcus aureus in the eluate was determined by standard plate counting methods.
Comparative example 8
The virus MS2 solution was dropped on the nonwoven fabric loaded with the tellurium catalyst prepared in example 9, which was then left in the dark for 20 min. Finally, the reaction apparatus was thoroughly washed with 20mL of sterile water. The concentration of virus MS2 in the eluate was determined by standard plate counting methods.
Comparative example 9
The virus MS2 solution was dropped on the nonwoven fabric, which was then exposed to near-infrared light emitted from a xenon lamp at an optical power density of 200mW/cm for 20 minutes2. Finally, the reaction apparatus was thoroughly washed with 20mL of sterile water. The concentration of virus MS2 in the eluate was determined by standard plate counting methods.
Result detection
(1) SEM detection
For the aboveElemental tellurium prepared in example 2, Te/TRP prepared in example 6, Te/CN prepared in example 73Scanning electron microscope SEM detection is carried out, and the detection results are shown in figures 1, 3 and 4.
The results show that: the elemental tellurium material prepared in example 2 appeared linear; superfine Te nanowires in Te/TRP prepared in example 6 are loaded on porous pollen carbon; Te/CN prepared in example 73Is a sharp-edged wrinkled sheet. The porous pollen carbon and the corrugated sheet are more beneficial to the contact of bacteria and materials, so that the bacteria are trapped, and active oxygen species and heat energy generated in the reaction process are better utilized.
(2) X-ray diffraction (XRD) testing
The elemental tellurium prepared in examples 1-3, the Te/TRP prepared in example 6, and the Te/CN prepared in example 7 were mixed with each other3The XRD patterns obtained by the X-ray diffraction analysis are shown in figures 5, 6 and 7. As can be seen from the figure, the simple substance tellurium is completely consistent with the tellurium simple substance in the standard card, and the Te/TRP shows the characteristic peaks of Te and TRP, which indicates the successful preparation of the simple substance tellurium and the Te/TRP. And Te/CN3No obvious characteristic peak of Te is observed, because the simple substance tellurium is dispersed on the carbon nitride nano-sheet in atomic scale by the ball milling method.
(3) Light absorption Capacity test
The elemental tellurium prepared in the above examples 1 to 3 was subjected to UV-Vis-nir absorption spectrum test to reflect the absorption range and absorption capacity of the UV-Vis-nir region to light, and the obtained UV-Vis spectrum is shown in fig. 8.
(4) Infrared thermographic testing
The photothermal conversion performance of the sterilization material was detected and analyzed by using an infrared thermal imager for the high-energy Te (100) -12h prepared in example 2, and the obtained data is shown in fig. 9. Fig. 9 shows that the tellurium catalyst of the present invention has a good ability of absorbing light energy to convert into heat energy under the condition of a set light source, and the heat stress can cause the denaturation and damage of bacterial proteins, etc., which is beneficial to the killing of bacteria.
At 300mW/cm2The related test was performed using an infrared thermal imager model FLIR-C3.
(5) ESR test
In order to fully prove the photo-thermal catalysis of the tellurium material, DMPO is adopted as a capture reagent to detect O of different systems2 ·-Detecting different systems of singlet oxygen by using TEMP as capture reagent1O2). ESR measurements were made on the tellurium catalyst Te nanowire material catalyst prepared in example 2, and the results are shown in fig. 10 and 11. As can be seen, TEMP is generated in the elemental tellurium/photothermal catalytic system-1O2And DMPO-O2 ·-A signal.
The ESR measurements of the Te/TRP tellurium material of example 6 are shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, which show that TEMP is generated in the photo-thermal catalysis system of Te/TRP-1O2And DMPO-O2 ·-A signal.
Te/CN of example 73The ESR measurement results of the tellurium material are shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, which show that Te/CN3TEMP is generated in photo-thermal catalytic system-1O2And DMPO-O2 ·-A signal.
(6) Coli (e.coli K12) bactericidal performance assay
Aerosol generator 108CFU/mL of the bacterial suspension to produce 1-5 μm diameter, 0.3mL/min flow rate of Escherichia coli aerosol, and the loaded in examples 1-7 tellurium catalyst reactor exposed to the aerosol for 5min, then the reaction device from xenon lamp emission near infrared light 20 minutes, light power density of 200mW/cm2. Finally, the reaction apparatus was thoroughly washed with 20mL of sterile water. The concentration of E.coli in the eluate was determined by standard plate counting.
The specific test results are shown in Table 1 below.
(7) Staphylococcus aureus bactericidal performance assay
A bacterial solution of Staphylococcus aureus was dropped on the nonwoven fabric loaded with the tellurium catalyst prepared in example 8, and then the nonwoven fabric was exposed to the solution fromThe near infrared light emitted by the xenon lamp is 20 minutes, and the optical power density is 200mW/cm2. Finally, the reaction apparatus was thoroughly washed with 20mL of sterile water. The concentration of Staphylococcus aureus in the eluate was determined by standard plate counting methods.
Specific results are shown in table 1.
(8) Virus (MS2) bactericidal Performance assay
The virus MS2 solution was dropped on the nonwoven fabric on which the tellurium catalyst prepared in example 9 was supported, and then the nonwoven fabric was exposed to near-infrared light emitted from a xenon lamp at an optical power density of 200mW/cm for 20 minutes2. Finally, the reaction apparatus was thoroughly washed with 20mL of sterile water. The concentration of MS2 in the eluate was determined by standard plate counting.
Specific results are shown in table 1.
(9) Stability test
The stable sterilization performance of the Te nanowire system is researched by recycling the Te nanowire to perform a repeated circulating sterilization experiment and characterizing the used material. The tellurium catalyst provided by the invention is efficient, stable and nontoxic, can still maintain higher catalytic activity after multiple catalytic cycles, and can be reused through regeneration.
Fig. 19 is the sterilization rate data of example 10 cycles 5 times, and it can be seen that the sterilization rate of the first use is 100%, the sterilization rate after 2 times of use is 100%, the sterilization rate after 3 times of use is 99.9998%, the sterilization rate after 4 times of use is 99.9998%, the sterilization rate after 5 times of use is 99.9994%, and the sterilization rates are not significantly decreased, and the catalytic activity stability is high.
TABLE 1 determination of pathogen inactivation Performance
Group of Sterilizing rate (%) Group of Sterilizing rate (%)
Example 1 99.9256％ Comparative example 1 0.0000％
Example 2 99.9972％ Comparative example 2 25.8690％
Example 3 99.2256％ Comparative example 3 41.1156％
Example 4 99.9230％ Comparative example 4 69.0970％
Example 5 99.9987％ Comparative example 5 73.6973％
Example 6 99.9988％ Comparative example 6 0.0000％
Example 7 99.9995％ Comparative example 7 33.4923％
Example 8 99.9972％ Comparative example 8 0.0000％
Example 9 99.9256％ Comparative example 9 47.4830％
As can be seen from table 1, different hydrothermal times are used in the synthesis of elemental tellurium in examples 1 to 3, wherein the Te-12h has the best effect, because the extension of the hydrothermal time can cause the nanowire stack to change the exposed crystal plane of the elemental tellurium, as can be seen from fig. 1, under the condition that the hydrothermal time is 16h, more 110 crystal planes are exposed in the prepared Te-16h, and from HRTEM (fig. 2), it can be seen that Te-12 exposes more 100 crystal planes, 100 crystal plane is a high-energy crystal plane, which is beneficial for the conversion of oxygen into more active oxygen species, as can be seen, the hydrothermal time is the key of the crystal plane regulation process, and the hydrothermal time is set to 12h, which is beneficial for the preparation of high-energy Te (100). Examples 2, 4 and 5 were investigated by changing the optical power density of near-red light, and the results showed that the enhancement of the sterilization efficiency was improved by the irradiation of near-infrared light, but the increase of the sterilization efficiency by the excessive tellurium dose and the excessive near-infrared light irradiation was limited, so that the single tellurium in the system was preferably Te-12h with the high energy surface 100 as the main exposure crystal surface, the dose was 25mg, and the optical power density of near-infrared light was set to 200mW/cm2. In addition to elemental tellurium, the tellurium-doped carbon materials (Te/TRP, Te/CN) of the present invention3) Also used as a photo-thermal catalyst for killing airborne pathogens, and the sterilization rate of the photo-thermal catalyst reaches more than 99.99 percent.
The air disinfection efficiency of example 2 and comparative examples 1, 2 and 3 is shown in fig. 16, and by means of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, it can be understood that the killing effect of pure near infrared light on airborne pathogens is very limited, while by means of comparative example 3, it can be seen that single elemental tellurium alone has a slight killing effect on airborne pathogens, because the elemental tellurium is in the shape of flowers consisting of nanosheets, and the sharp edges of the nanosheets may be physically harmful to bacteria. In example 2, the sterilizing effect of the simple substance tellurium under the irradiation of near infrared light can reach 4.55logcfu, and the effect is very high.
The air sterilization efficiency of example 6 and comparative examples 1, 2, 4 is shown in fig. 17. From comparative example 4, it can be seen that Te/TRP alone has a slight killing effect on airborne pathogens because Te/TRP has an electrostatic attraction to bacteria and is capable of destroying the function of the bacterial cell membrane. And the Te/TRP sterilizing effect of the example 6 under the irradiation of near infrared light can reach 4.93logcfu, and the excellent sterilizing effect is achieved.
The air sterilization efficiency of example 7 and comparative examples 1, 2, and 5 is shown in fig. 18. From comparative example 5 it can be seen that Te/CN alone3Has slight killing effect on airborne pathogens because of Te/CN3Is a fold nano-sheet with sharp edges and can cut bacterial cells. And example 7 Te/CN under near Infrared irradiation3The sterilizing effect can reach 5.30logcfu, and the effect is very ideal.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A tellurium catalyst, wherein the tellurium catalyst is a carbon-doped tellurium catalyst, and the exposed crystal plane is a 100 crystal plane.
2. The tellurium catalyst of claim 1, wherein said carbon-doped tellurium catalyst comprises tellurium/pollen carbon Te/TRP, tellurium/carbon nitride Te/CN3Or Te nanowire material.
3. The tellurium catalyst of claim 2, wherein said tellurium/pollen carbon Te/TRP is prepared by the following method:
s1: dissolving rape pollen RP in absolute ethyl alcohol, and fully dissolving until the solution is bright yellow to obtain a solution A;
s2: carrying out solid-liquid separation on the solution A, removing impurities to obtain a solid phase material, dissolving the solid phase material in a mixed solution of absolute ethyl alcohol and formaldehyde, and stirring for reaction for 1.5-2.5 h to obtain a solution B;
s3: removing absolute ethanol and methanol in the solution B, dissolving in concentrated sulfuric acid, and performing carbonization reaction at 70-90 ℃ to obtain treated pollen carbon TRP;
s4: preparing a uniform aqueous solution of the pollen carbon, adding sodium tellurite and polyvinylpyrrolidone, sequentially stirring, adding ammonia water and hydrazine hydrate solution as a reducing agent, continuously stirring for reaction for 0.8-1.2 h, and carrying out hydrothermal synthesis reaction to obtain Te/TRP, wherein the hydrothermal reaction temperature is 180-220 ℃ and the reaction time is 8-16 h.
4. The tellurium catalyst as claimed in claim 3, wherein the hydrothermal reaction temperature is 200 ℃ and the reaction time is 12 hours.
5. The tellurium catalyst of claim 2, wherein said tellurium/carbon nitride Te/CN3The preparation method comprises the following steps:
adding TeCl2Mixing trimesic acid and dicyandiamide to obtain a precursor, and calcining under inert gas to obtain Te/CN3，
Wherein TeCl2The dosage ratio of the trimesic acid to the dicyandiamide is 1 mol: 10 g: 100g, the calcining temperature is 60-100 ℃, and the calcining time is 2-4 h.
6. The tellurium catalyst of claim 5, wherein said calcination temperature is 80 ℃ and calcination time is 3 h.
7. The tellurium catalyst of claim 2, wherein the Te nanowire material is prepared by the following method:
dissolving and mixing sodium tellurite and polyvinylpyrrolidone, sequentially adding ammonia water and hydrazine hydrate solution as reducing agents, uniformly mixing, carrying out hydrothermal reaction, purifying and drying to obtain the Te nanowire material.
8. The use of a tellurium catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in the field of photo-thermal catalytic air disinfection.
9. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the light source of the photothermal catalysis is near infrared light with an intensity of 100 to 300mW/cm2。
10. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein air disinfection comprises killing of coliform bacteria, staphylococcus aureus and viruses.
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