CN114468313A - Method for extracting high-activity sweet potato dietary fiber - Google Patents
Method for extracting high-activity sweet potato dietary fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN114468313A CN114468313A CN202011265971.0A CN202011265971A CN114468313A CN 114468313 A CN114468313 A CN 114468313A CN 202011265971 A CN202011265971 A CN 202011265971A CN 114468313 A CN114468313 A CN 114468313A
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- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 claims description 31
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 31
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 12
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 12
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 102000004139 alpha-Amylases Human genes 0.000 claims description 7
- 108090000637 alpha-Amylases Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940024171 alpha-amylase Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 108090000145 Bacillolysin Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 102000035092 Neutral proteases Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 108091005507 Neutral proteases Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009777 vacuum freeze-drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006047 enzymatic hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007071 enzymatic hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000034659 glycolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002429 large intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000813 small intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
- A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/25—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification using enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for extracting high-activity sweet potato dietary fiber, which can successfully prepare high-concentration low-calorie high-activity sweet potato dietary fiber from sweet potato starch processing waste residue by removing impurities, drying, crushing, adding water for blending and adopting a process combining a physical screening process, an enzymatic extraction process and an ultrafine crushing process, and has good taste and high purity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of dietary fiber processing, in particular to a method for extracting high-activity sweet potato dietary fiber.
Background
The dietary fiber is a plant edible part or similar carbohydrate which can not be absorbed by small intestine of human body but can be completely or partially fermented in large intestine, and has various physiological effects beneficial to health, sweet potato starch can generate a large amount of potato dregs in the production process, which accounts for about 10% -14% of the raw materials, and is a good resource for manufacturing the dietary fiber, but the dietary fiber extracted at home and abroad is mainly prepared by a chemical method, the process is simple, the input cost is low, but the physical and chemical properties and physiological functions of the dietary fiber product are obviously influenced in the processing process, and the extracted dietary fiber has poor physiological activity and low purity, and the functions of the dietary fiber product are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for extracting high-activity sweet potato dietary fiber, aiming at the defects of the prior art, and the extraction method can successfully prepare high-purity low-calorie high-activity sweet potato dietary fiber from sweet potato starch processing waste residues by adopting a process combining a physical screening process, an enzymatic extraction process and an ultrafine grinding process.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention provides a process method for extracting sweet potato waste residues, which comprises the following operation steps:
(1) preparing potato residues: after the potatoes are crushed, filtering the crushed potatoes by 6 layers of gauze and repeatedly cleaning the crushed potatoes to remove starch to obtain potato residues; (2) cleaning and impurity removing: cleaning the filtered potato residue to remove impurities in the potato residue; (3) drying; (4) superfine grinding: carrying out colloid milling on the potato residues twice, wherein the fineness of the colloid milling is 80 meshes for the first stage; the second stage is 150 meshes, after the potato dregs are refined by a colloid mill, water is added to form feed liquid containing the potato dregs, and the feed liquid is subjected to high-pressure homogenization operation for further refinement, wherein the pressure of a homogenizer is 25-30 MPa; (5) physical screening: performing reciprocating screening by using a low-speed large-capacity multi-tube centrifuge, wherein the aperture of an upper screen is 35 mu m, and the aperture of a lower screen is 45 mu m, so as to obtain a crude product of the dietary fiber; (6) and (3) carrying out enzymolysis reaction: degrading other impurities contained in the crude dietary fiber product by adopting various enzymes, converting screened starch into dextrin and oligosaccharide by adopting alpha-amylase, further hydrolyzing the dextrin and the oligosaccharide into glucose by utilizing saccharifying enzyme, and finally hydrolyzing a small amount of protein in the dietary fiber by adopting neutral protease; (7) and (3) other working procedures: concentrating by ceramic membrane filtration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis membrane concentration, and performing ultrahigh temperature instantaneous sterilization and vacuum freeze drying to obtain water-soluble sweet potato dietary fiber; and (3) carrying out damp-heat treatment on the filtered precipitate, and then carrying out filter pressing and drying to obtain the insoluble sweet potato dietary fiber.
In particular, alpha-amylase liquefies best at temperatures approaching 70 ℃.
Specifically, when the saccharification is carried out for 50min and the amount of the saccharifying enzyme is 600u/mL, the extraction rate of the dietary fiber is the highest.
Specifically, when the hydrolysis temperature of the protease is 35 ℃ and the dosage of the neutral protease is 400u/mL, the extraction rate of the dietary fiber is highest.
The method for extracting the high-activity sweet potato dietary fiber obtained by the technical scheme has the beneficial effects that:
1. the molecular chain of the larger insoluble dietary fiber is broken by adopting an ultramicro-pulverization technology to form soluble micromolecules, so that the content of the soluble dietary fiber is further increased, the taste is improved, but the microstructure of the dietary fiber is not changed, and the activity is not influenced.
2. The extraction degree and the purity of the dietary fiber are improved by physically screening according to the particle size distribution of the dietary fiber and the starch.
3. The optimized conditions of the enzymolysis reaction are obtained through a large number of experiments, the starch and the protein are thoroughly decomposed, and the purity of the dietary fiber is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention for extracting high activity sweet potato dietary fiber.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the relationship between the temperature of the alpha-amylase enzymatic hydrolysis and the extraction rate of dietary fiber according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of the liquefying enzyme and the extraction rate of dietary fiber according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph of glycolysis time versus dietary fiber extraction rate in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of saccharifying enzyme and the extraction yield of dietary fiber according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the enzymolysis temperature of the protease and the extraction rate of dietary fibers according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of protease and the extraction rate of dietary fiber according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention.
The process method for extracting the sweet potato waste residue comprises the following operation steps:
(1) preparing potato residues: after the potatoes are crushed, 6 layers of gauze are used for filtering and repeatedly cleaning to remove starch, and the potato dregs are obtained.
(2) Cleaning and impurity removing: and cleaning the filtered potato residue to remove impurities in the potato residue.
(3) And (5) drying.
(4) Superfine grinding: carrying out colloid milling on the potato residue twice, wherein the fineness of the colloid mill is 80 meshes for the first stage; the second table is 150 meshes; after the potato dregs are refined by a colloid mill, water is added to form feed liquid containing the potato dregs, and the feed liquid is subjected to high-pressure homogenization operation to further refine, wherein the pressure of a homogenizer is 25-30 MPa.
The superfine grinding enables the molecular chain of larger insoluble dietary fiber to be broken to form soluble micromolecules, further improves the content of the soluble dietary fiber, reduces the granularity, improves the taste, and does not affect the activity of the dietary fiber.
(5) Physical screening: micronizing to separate starch from cellular potato residue, and sieving with low-speed large-capacity multi-tube centrifuge repeatedly with upper sieve diameter of 35 μm and lower sieve diameter of 45 μm, wherein the sieved material between the two standard sieves is dietary fiber coarse product. According to the laser particle size analyzer, the total content of 83.73% and 92.6% of particles with the particle size of 0-35 μm and O-45 μm in sweet potato starch is obtained. Therefore, if the aperture of the lower sieve used for removing the starch is 45 mu m, 92.6 percent of the starch in the potato residue can be removed at most; but a certain amount of small-particle size dietary fiber fragments generated in the crushing process are lost to influence the extraction efficiency, so that the aperture of the upper sieve is set to be 35 mu m, the aperture of the lower sieve is set to be 45 mu m, the retained part is dietary fiber, and the penetrated part is mainly sweet potato starch and can be recovered.
(6) And (3) carrying out enzymolysis reaction: various enzymes are used to degrade other impurities contained in dietary fiber. The screened starch is converted into dextrin and oligosaccharide by adopting alpha-amylase, then the dextrin and the oligosaccharide are further hydrolyzed into glucose by utilizing saccharifying enzyme, and finally a small amount of protein in the dietary fiber is hydrolyzed by adopting neutral protease.
Experiments show that the alpha-amylase has the best liquefying effect when the temperature is close to 70 ℃, and the extraction rate of dietary fiber is the highest when the liquefying enzyme amount is 400U/mL; when saccharification is carried out for 50min and the amount of the saccharifying enzyme is 600u/mL, the extraction rate of the dietary fiber is the highest; when the hydrolysis temperature of the protease is 35 ℃ and the dosage of the neutral protease is 400u/mL, the extraction rate of the dietary fiber is the highest.
(7) And (3) other working procedures: concentrating by ceramic membrane filtration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis membrane concentration, and performing ultrahigh temperature instantaneous sterilization and vacuum freeze drying to obtain water-soluble sweet potato dietary fiber; and (3) carrying out damp-heat treatment on the filtered precipitate, and then carrying out filter pressing and drying to obtain the insoluble sweet potato dietary fiber.
The technical solutions described above only represent the preferred technical solutions of the present invention, and some possible modifications to some parts of the technical solutions by those skilled in the art all represent the principles of the present invention, and fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for extracting high-activity sweet potato dietary fiber is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) preparing potato residues: after the potatoes are crushed, filtering the crushed potatoes by 6 layers of gauze and repeatedly cleaning the crushed potatoes to remove starch to obtain potato residues;
(2) cleaning and impurity removing: cleaning the filtered potato residue to remove impurities in the potato residue;
(3) drying;
(4) superfine grinding: carrying out colloid milling on the potato residue twice, wherein the fineness of the colloid mill is 80 meshes for the first stage; the second stage is 150 meshes, after the potato dregs are refined by a colloid mill, water is added to form feed liquid containing the potato dregs, and the feed liquid is subjected to high-pressure homogenization operation for further refinement, wherein the pressure of a homogenizer is 25-30 MPa;
(5) physical screening: carrying out reciprocating screening by using a low-speed large-capacity multi-tube centrifuge, wherein the aperture of an upper screen is 35 mu m, and the aperture of a lower screen is 45 mu m, so as to obtain a crude dietary fiber product;
(6) and (3) carrying out enzymolysis reaction: degrading other impurities contained in the crude dietary fiber product by using enzyme, converting the screened starch into dextrin and oligosaccharide by using alpha-amylase, further hydrolyzing the dextrin and the oligosaccharide into glucose by using saccharifying enzyme, and finally hydrolyzing a small amount of protein in the dietary fiber by using neutral protease;
(7) and (3) other working procedures: concentrating by ceramic membrane filtration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis membrane concentration, and performing ultrahigh temperature instantaneous sterilization and vacuum freeze drying to obtain water-soluble sweet potato dietary fiber; and (3) carrying out damp-heat treatment on the filtered precipitate, and then carrying out filter pressing and drying to obtain the insoluble sweet potato dietary fiber.
2. The method for extracting dietary fiber from sweet potato as claimed in claim 1, wherein the liquefaction of alpha-amylase is the best at a temperature close to 70 ℃ during the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the extraction rate of dietary fiber is the highest when the amount of saccharifying enzyme is 600u/mL for 50 min.
4. The method for extracting high-activity dietary fiber from sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the extraction rate of the dietary fiber is the highest when the hydrolysis temperature of protease is 35 ℃ and the dosage of neutral protease is 400 u/mL.
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN114831287A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-08-02 | 南京农业大学 | Preparation method of low-bacteria sweet potato whole powder |
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2020
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN114831287A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-08-02 | 南京农业大学 | Preparation method of low-bacteria sweet potato whole powder |
CN114831287B (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2023-04-25 | 南京农业大学 | Preparation method of low-bacteria sweet potato whole powder |
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