CN114468129A - Plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
Abstract
The invention discloses a plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive and a preparation method and application thereof. The plant essential oil microemulsion comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5-25 parts of vegetable essential oil, 5-25 parts of dispersing agent, 15-75 parts of emulsifying agent, 15-75 parts of auxiliary emulsifying agent and 80-400 parts of drinking water. The feed additive can improve the intestinal health of livestock and poultry, improve the ratio of the villus height of small intestine to the crypt depth, improve the abundance of probiotics and reduce the abundance of harmful bacteria. The antibiotic feed can be added as an animal starter and a long-term feed, can well solve the breeding problem caused by banning of antibiotic restriction, and reduces the use of antibiotics in the breeding industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed additives, and particularly relates to a plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The plant essential oil is a general name of a volatile oily liquid which exists in plants, can be distilled along with steam, can be volatilized at normal temperature and has certain fragrance. The plant essential oil has various biological activities and has better effects in the aspects of bacteriostasis, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, anti-tumor, anti-virus and the like, and at present, a plurality of plant essential oils have been widely applied and developed in the industries of medicine, food, agriculture, cosmetics and the like. However, the plant essential oil has poor water solubility, is volatile and is sensitive to conditions such as temperature and light, so that the practical application of the plant essential oil is greatly limited.
The microemulsion is a dispersion system which is stable in thermodynamics, transparent or semitransparent, low in viscosity and isotropic, and the particle size of the microemulsion is 5-100 nm. The microemulsion is formed without additional work, and various components in the system are spontaneously formed when being matched. Microemulsions generally consist of three parts, namely an oil phase, a water phase and a surfactant, and not only are important micro-reaction media, but also the application of the microemulsions has already penetrated into the industries of food, medicine and the like. Ronggang, etc. uses isopropyl palmitate to dissolve palmitoyl chloramphenicol as oil phase, uses lecithin and Tween 80 as surfactant, uses ethanol as cosurfactant, and prepares O/W type microemulsion preparation for medical application. Short chain alcohols are commonly used to increase the solubilizing power of microemulsions as cosurfactants. The microemulsion can select the deionized surfactant and the cosurfactant according to the characteristics of the active substances to be embedded, the formed microemulsion has small particle size, is formed spontaneously, is simple to operate, and can well solve the problem that essential oil is not easy to dissolve in water.
In the livestock breeding process, antibiotics are used in large quantities in order to improve productivity. Before 2015, up to 14 antibiotics added into feed for promoting growth in China are used, the annual output of veterinary drug antibacterial bulk drugs is 5.47 ten thousand tons, and the annual sales volume is 5.04 ten thousand tons. With the comprehensive development of resistance reduction and resistance limitation, after 2020, growth-promoting antibiotics are completely forbidden to be used in feed, the feed nutrition design needs to be adjusted in the feed industry and the breeding industry, and a novel green substitute is selected. The plant essential oil has wide sources, has the effects of resisting bacteria, inflammation and virus, enhancing immunity, improving respiratory tract and regulating intestinal tract, is suitable for being used in cultivation to prevent and treat diseases and increase the productivity of a feedlot.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive, a preparation method and application thereof, which can be directly added into drinking water to feed livestock and poultry. The plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive is prepared by taking plant essential oil as an oil phase and adopting a microemulsion preparation process, and has good dilution stability and storage stability. The micro-emulsion with small particle size increases the biocompatibility, is beneficial to intestinal digestion and absorption, and has better effects on inhibiting cell inflammation and improving the intestinal health. Solves the problems of poor water solubility and poor stability of the plant essential oil in practical application.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a feed additive of plant essential oil microemulsion, wherein the plant essential oil consists of patchouli oil, perilla leaf oil, elsholtzia oil, burdock oil and cardamom oil.
The plant essential oil comprises (by mass ratio) patchouli oil, perilla leaf oil, elsholtzia oil, burdock oil and cardamom oil from (2-6) to (1-3) to (0.25-1.75); preferably, the plant essential oil comprises patchouli oil, perilla leaf oil, elsholtzia oil, burdock oil and cardamom oil in a mass ratio of 4:2:2:1: 1.
The feed additive of the plant essential oil microemulsion liquid comprises the following components: 5-25 parts of vegetable essential oil, 5-25 parts of a dispersing agent, 15-75 parts of an emulsifying agent, 15-75 parts of a co-emulsifying agent and 80-400 parts of drinking water.
The dispersing agent is one or more of isopropyl myristate, caprylic/capric triglyceride or short-chain C8-18 oil, and preferably isopropyl myristate.
The emulsifier is one or more of RH40, span 60, Tween 80 or lecithin, preferably one or two of Tween 80 and lecithin.
The auxiliary emulsifier is one or more of glycerol, propylene glycol, n-butanol, absolute ethyl alcohol or PEG400, preferably one or two of glycerol and propylene glycol.
Preferably, the plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5-25 parts of plant essential oil, 5-25 parts of isopropyl myristate, 0-50 parts of tween 8010, 5-25 parts of lecithin, 5-25 parts of glycerol, 10-45 parts of propylene glycol and 80-400 parts of drinking water.
More preferably, the plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive comprises the following components in parts by mass: 7-23 parts of plant essential oil, 7-23 parts of isopropyl myristate, 7-48 parts of tween 8012, 7-23 parts of lecithin, 7-23 parts of glycerol, 12-48 parts of propylene glycol and 82-380 parts of drinking water.
Still further preferably, the plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive comprises the following components in parts by mass: 15 parts of plant essential oil, 15 parts of isopropyl myristate, 8030 parts of tween, 15 parts of lecithin, 15 parts of glycerol, 30 parts of propylene glycol and 210 parts of drinking water.
In a second aspect of the invention, a preparation method of a plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive is provided, which comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing patchouli oil, perilla leaf oil, elsholtzia oil, burdock oil, cardamom oil and a dispersing agent according to the mass ratio, uniformly mixing to prepare the composite plant essential oil, and standing for later use.
(2) Mixing emulsifier and co-emulsifier, stirring to obtain mixed surfactant, and standing.
(3) Adding the composite plant essential oil into the mixed surfactant, and heating to 60-72 ℃ to prepare the oil phase of the microemulsion.
(4) Heating water to 55-68 ℃ to prepare a water phase of the microemulsion; adding the oil phase into the water phase under stirring to obtain the microemulsion containing the composite plant essential oil.
Preferably, the heating temperature in the step (3) is 68-70 ℃;
preferably, the heating temperature in the step (4) is 60-65 ℃;
preferably, the stirring speed in the step (4) is 1000-1200 rpm.
In a third aspect of the invention, the application of the feed additive of the plant essential oil microemulsion in the preparation of a premix in livestock and poultry breeding industry is provided, and the premix can be added and used in livestock and poultry opening and long-term feeding, and has the effects of optimizing intestinal flora structure, improving intestinal health and promoting growth.
Has the advantages that:
1. the invention utilizes microemulsion technology to prepare patchouli oil, perilla leaf oil, elsholtzia oil, burdock oil and cardamom oil into the plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive, so that the essential oil with poor water solubility spontaneously forms a dispersion system with stable property, transparency and uniformity under the influence of a cosolvent, can be mutually dissolved with water in any ratio, and is convenient to use.
2. The plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive has the advantages of simple preparation process, easily obtained raw and auxiliary materials, high safety and convenient achievement of production. The microemulsion preparation has small particle size (10-100nm), is easy to be absorbed and utilized by livestock and poultry, can be directly mixed with drinking water to feed livestock and poultry, optimizes intestinal flora structure, improves intestinal health, promotes growth and improves production performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 feces profile of chicken flocks before dosing;
FIG. 2 feces profile of the flock after dosing.
Detailed Description
The foregoing will be described in further detail by way of specific embodiments in the form of examples. This should not be construed as limiting the scope of the above-described subject matter to the following examples. All techniques implemented based on the teachings of the present invention are within the scope.
Example 1
The preparation method of the plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing patchouli oil, perilla leaf oil, elsholtzia oil, burdock oil and cardamom oil according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1:0.25:0.25 and 5 parts of dispersant isopropyl myristate to prepare the composite plant essential oil, and standing for later use.
(2) Mixing Tween 8012, lecithin 7, glycerol 7 and propylene glycol 12, stirring to obtain mixed surfactant, and standing.
(3) And (3) adding 12 parts of the compound plant essential oil prepared in the step (1) into 38 parts of the mixed surfactant prepared in the step (2), heating to 68-70 ℃, stirring to prepare 50 parts of mixed oil phase, and standing for later use.
(4) Adding 50 parts of the mixed oil phase obtained in the step (3) into a water phase at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ under the stirring condition, and sharing 90 parts of drinking water, thereby obtaining the plant essential oil microemulsion.
Example 2
The preparation method of the plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing patchouli oil, perilla leaf oil, Chinese mosla oil, burdock oil and cardamom oil according to the mass ratio of 3:1.5:1.5:0.6:0.6 with 7 parts of dispersant isopropyl myristate to prepare the composite plant essential oil, and standing for later use.
(2) Mixing tween 8021 parts, lecithin 11 parts, glycerol 11 parts and propylene glycol 21 parts, stirring to obtain a mixed surfactant, and standing for later use.
(3) And (3) adding 18 parts of the compound plant essential oil prepared in the step (1) into 64 parts of the mixed surfactant prepared in the step (2), heating to 68-70 ℃, stirring to prepare 82 parts of mixed oil phase, and standing for later use.
(4) And (3) adding 82 parts of the mixed oil phase obtained in the step (3) to a water phase at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ under the stirring condition, and sharing 150 parts of drinking water, thereby obtaining the plant essential oil microemulsion.
Example 3
The preparation method of the plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing patchouli oil, perilla leaf oil, Chinese mosla oil, burdock oil and cardamom oil according to the mass ratio of 4:2:2:1:1 with 15 parts of dispersant isopropyl myristate to prepare the composite plant essential oil, and standing for later use.
(2) Mixing tween 8030 parts, lecithin 15 parts, glycerol 15 parts and propylene glycol 30 parts, stirring to obtain a mixed surfactant, and standing for later use.
(3) And (3) adding 30 parts of the composite plant essential oil prepared in the step (1) into 90 parts of the mixed surfactant prepared in the step (2), heating to 68-70 ℃, stirring to prepare 120 parts of mixed oil phase, and standing for later use.
(4) And (4) adding 120 parts of the mixed oil phase obtained in the step (3) to a water phase at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ under the stirring condition, and sharing 210 parts of drinking water, thereby obtaining the plant essential oil microemulsion.
Example 4
The preparation method of the plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing patchouli oil, perilla leaf oil, Chinese mosla oil, burdock oil and cardamom oil according to the mass ratio of 5:2.5:2.5:1.25:1.25 and 20 parts of dispersant isopropyl myristate to prepare the composite plant essential oil, and standing for later use.
(2) Mixing tween 8039 parts, lecithin 19 parts, glycerol 19 parts and propylene glycol 39 parts, stirring to obtain a mixed surfactant, and standing for later use.
(3) And (3) adding 39 parts of the composite plant essential oil prepared in the step (1) into 116 parts of the mixed surfactant prepared in the step (2), heating to 68-70 ℃, stirring to prepare 155 parts of mixed oil phase, and standing for later use.
(4) And (3) adding 155 parts of the mixed oil phase obtained in the step (3) to a water phase at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ under the stirring condition, and sharing 270 parts of drinking water, thereby obtaining the plant essential oil microemulsion.
Example 5
The preparation method of the plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing patchouli oil, perilla leaf oil, Chinese mosla oil, burdock oil and cardamom oil according to the mass ratio of 6:3:3:1.75:1.75 and 25 parts of dispersant isopropyl myristate to prepare the composite plant essential oil, and standing for later use.
(2) Mixing tween 8048 parts, lecithin 23 parts, glycerol 23 parts and propylene glycol 48 parts, stirring to obtain a mixed surfactant, and standing for later use.
(3) And (3) adding 48 parts of the composite plant essential oil prepared in the step (1) into 142 parts of the mixed surfactant prepared in the step (2), heating to 68-70 ℃, stirring to prepare 190 parts of mixed oil phase, and standing for later use.
(4) Adding 190 parts of the mixed oil phase obtained in the step (3) into a water phase at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ under the stirring condition, and sharing 330 parts of drinking water, thereby obtaining the plant essential oil microemulsion.
Example 6
The preparation method of the plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing patchouli oil, perilla leaf oil, elsholtzia oil and burdock oil in a mass ratio of 4:2:2:2 with 15 parts of dispersant isopropyl myristate to prepare composite plant essential oil, and standing for later use.
(2) Mixing tween 8030 parts, lecithin 15 parts, glycerol 15 parts and propylene glycol 30 parts, stirring to obtain a mixed surfactant, and standing for later use.
(3) And (3) adding 30 parts of the composite plant essential oil prepared in the step (1) into 90 parts of the mixed surfactant prepared in the step (2), heating to 68-70 ℃, stirring to prepare 120 parts of mixed oil phase, and standing for later use.
(4) And (3) adding 120 parts of the mixed oil phase obtained in the step (3) to a water phase at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ under the stirring condition, and sharing 210 parts of drinking water, thereby obtaining the plant essential oil microemulsion.
Example 7
A feeding drinking water additive containing plant essential oil is prepared by the following steps:
(1) mixing 6% of cinnamaldehyde, 2.0% of thymol, 1.0% of carvacrol and 9.5% of limonene uniformly to obtain the mixed plant essential oil.
(2) And (2) fully stirring and mixing the mixed plant essential oil in the step (1) with 41.5% of Tween 80 and 40% of ethanol to prepare the feeding drinking water additive containing the plant essential oil.
Example 8
The preparation method of the plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing patchouli oil, perilla leaf oil, elsholtzia oil, burdock oil and cardamom oil according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1:0.25:0.25 and 15 parts of dispersant caprylic/capric triglyceride to prepare the composite plant essential oil, and standing for later use.
(2) Mixing RH4012 parts, span 607 parts, absolute ethyl alcohol 7 parts and n-butyl alcohol 12 parts, stirring to prepare a mixed surfactant, and standing for later use.
(3) Adding 23 parts of the composite plant essential oil prepared in the step (1) into 38 parts of the mixed surfactant prepared in the step (2), heating to 68-70 ℃, stirring to prepare 61 parts of mixed oil phase, and standing for later use.
(4) Adding 61 parts of the mixed oil phase obtained in the step (3) into a water phase at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ under the stirring condition, and sharing 110 parts of drinking water, thereby obtaining the plant essential oil microemulsion.
Example 9
The preparation method of the plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing patchouli oil, perilla leaf oil, elsholtzia oil, burdock oil and cardamom oil according to the mass ratio of 4:2:2:1:1 with 15 parts of dispersant caprylic/capric triglyceride to prepare the composite plant essential oil, and standing for later use.
(2) Mixing RH4030 part, span 6015 parts, absolute ethyl alcohol 15 parts and PEG40030 parts, stirring to prepare a mixed surfactant, and standing for later use.
(3) And (3) adding 30 parts of the composite plant essential oil prepared in the step (1) into 90 parts of the mixed surfactant prepared in the step (2), heating to 68-70 ℃, stirring to prepare 120 parts of mixed oil phase, and standing for later use.
(4) And (3) adding 120 parts of the mixed oil phase obtained in the step (3) to a water phase at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ under the stirring condition, and sharing 210 parts of drinking water, thereby obtaining the plant essential oil microemulsion.
Example 10
The preparation method of the plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing patchouli oil, perilla leaf oil, elsholtzia oil, burdock oil and cardamom oil according to the mass ratio of 5:2.5:2.5:1.25:1.25 and 15 parts of dispersant caprylic/capric triglyceride to prepare the composite plant essential oil, and standing for later use.
(2) Mixing RH4039 parts, span 6019 parts, n-butanol 19 parts and PEG40039 parts, stirring to prepare a mixed surfactant, and standing for later use.
(3) And (3) adding 34 parts of the composite plant essential oil prepared in the step (1) into 116 parts of the mixed surfactant prepared in the step (2), heating to 68-70 ℃, stirring to prepare 150 parts of mixed oil phase, and standing for later use.
(4) Adding 150 parts of the mixed oil phase obtained in the step (3) into a water phase at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ under the stirring condition, and sharing 270 parts of drinking water, thereby obtaining the plant essential oil microemulsion.
Example 11
The preparation method of the plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing patchouli oil, perilla leaf oil, Chinese mosla oil, burdock oil and cardamom oil according to the mass ratio of 6:3:3:1.75:1.75 and 15 parts of dispersant caprylic/capric triglyceride to prepare the composite plant essential oil, and standing for later use.
(2) Mixing RH4048 parts, span 6023 parts, glycerol 23 parts and n-butanol 48 parts, stirring to obtain mixed surfactant, and standing for later use.
(3) And (3) adding 38 parts of the composite plant essential oil prepared in the step (1) into 142 parts of the mixed surfactant prepared in the step (2), heating to 68-70 ℃, stirring to prepare 180 parts of mixed oil phase, and standing for later use.
(4) Adding 180 parts of the mixed oil phase obtained in the step (3) into a water phase at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ under the stirring condition, and sharing 310 parts of drinking water, thereby obtaining the plant essential oil microemulsion.
Comparative example 1
Essential oil + other cosolvents of the invention:
the preparation method of the plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing patchouli oil, perilla leaf oil, Chinese mosla oil, burdock oil and cardamom oil according to the mass ratio of 4:2:2:1:1 with 15 parts of dispersant isopropyl myristate to prepare the composite plant essential oil, and standing for later use.
(2) Mixing food grade span 6030 parts, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil 15 parts, ethanol 15 parts and sodium lauryl sulfate 30 parts, stirring to obtain a mixed surfactant, and standing for later use.
(3) And (3) adding 30 parts of the composite plant essential oil prepared in the step (1) into 90 parts of the mixed surfactant prepared in the step (2), heating to 68-70 ℃, stirring to prepare 120 parts of mixed oil phase, and standing for later use.
(4) And (3) adding 120 parts of the mixed oil phase obtained in the step (3) to a water phase at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ under the stirring condition, and sharing 210 parts of drinking water, thereby obtaining the plant essential oil microemulsion.
Comparative example 2
Conventional compound essential oil + cosolvent of the present invention:
the preparation method of the plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing oregano oil, cinnamon oil, tea tree oil, calendula oil and spearmint oil according to the mass ratio of 4:2:2:1:1 with 15 parts of dispersant isopropyl myristate to prepare composite plant essential oil, and standing for later use.
(2) Mixing tween 8030 parts, lecithin 15 parts, glycerol 15 parts and propylene glycol 30 parts, stirring to obtain a mixed surfactant, and standing for later use.
(3) And (3) adding 30 parts of the composite plant essential oil prepared in the step (1) into 90 parts of the mixed surfactant prepared in the step (2), heating to 68-70 ℃, stirring to prepare 120 parts of mixed oil phase, and standing for later use.
(4) And (3) adding 120 parts of the mixed oil phase obtained in the step (3) to a water phase at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ under the stirring condition, and sharing 210 parts of drinking water, thereby obtaining the plant essential oil microemulsion.
EXAMPLE 12 comparative testing of stability of different Compound essential oil compositions
The plant essential oil microemulsions prepared in the examples 1-6 and 8-11, the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 of the invention are subjected to comparison after being accelerated for 10 days at 60 ℃, and the results are shown in table 1, through stability comparison, the plant essential oil microemulsions obtained by the preparation method disclosed by the invention have stable and uniform properties according to the specific proportion of the compound plant essential oils of the examples 1-6 and 8-11 and the specific proportion of the mixed surfactant, and meet the clinical use as a feed additive, while the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 are unstable after being left for a period of time, and can generate a phenomenon of slow delamination.
TABLE 1 Observation of stability Effect of different Compound essential oil compositions
Example 13 in vitro anti-inflammatory assay
RAW264.7 cells were cultured in DMEM medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. Taking cells in logarithmic phase at 1 × 105The cells were inoculated in a 96-well plate per mL, LPS (2. mu.g/mL) was used to induce the cells for 24 hours, an inflammatory reaction model was constructed, PBS was administered to the blank group, the model group was verified by LPS induction, PBS was administered, the plant essential oil microemulsions prepared according to the methods of examples 1 to 7 of the present invention were administered to the test groups 1 to 7 at an administration concentration of 4mg/mL, LPS and the drug were simultaneously added to the cell culture solution, and after 24 hours of action, the results of inflammatory factor detection were as shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Effect of plant essential oil microemulsions on LPS-induced cytokine production
Note: t test analysis is carried out on each group of data and the group of model data, and P >0.05 shows that no significant difference exists; 0.01< P <0.05 indicates significant difference, marked with ×; p <0.01 indicates a very significant difference, marked by;
the experimental results are as follows:
the data show that the contents of inflammatory factors TNF-alpha, IL-6 and NO are obviously increased after the model group is induced by LPS, which shows that the model is successfully constructed, and the anti-inflammatory effects of different degrees are shown in the test groups 1-5 after the test groups are treated by the corresponding example drugs (examples 1-5), and the effects are better than those of the test groups treated by the example drugs (examples 6-7). According to the test results, the plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive prepared by the invention can improve intestinal inflammation and has the effect of protecting the intestinal tracts of livestock and poultry.
Example 14 broiler growth promotion test
70 healthy 1-day-old chicks with uniform weight are selected, randomly divided into 7 groups of 10 chicks in each group, and placed into a hencoop with marks. The facility of the test animal continuously maintains the common environmental standard, the environmental temperature is 20-28 ℃, the relative humidity range is 40% -70%, the artificial illumination is carried out, the light and the dark alternate every 12 hours, the feeding space meets the regulation of the minimum space required by the test animal in the national standard GB14925-2010 of the people's republic of China, and the feeding condition is carried out according to the technical specification of commercial broiler chicken production (GB/T19664-2005). The feed is a mixed feed for broiler chickens at the early stage, and drinking water is drinking water which can be freely taken and drunk. The animals were administered in divided groups as shown in Table 3, and the administration was carried out for 21 days with mixed drinking.
Table 3 evaluation test of growth performance of broiler by adding plant essential oil microemulsion to drinking water-dosage and grouping
| Group of | Mode of administration | Dosage (in compound plant essential oil) | Number of animals |
| Blank group | — | — | 10 |
| EXAMPLE 1 group | Mixed drink | 2‰ | 10 |
| EXAMPLE 2 group | Mixed drink | 2‰ | 10 |
| EXAMPLE 3 group | Mixed drink | 2‰ | 10 |
| EXAMPLE 4 group | Mixed beverage | 2‰ | 10 |
| EXAMPLE 5 group | Mixed drink | 2‰ | 10 |
| EXAMPLE 6 group | Mixed drink | 2‰ | 10 |
| EXAMPLE 7 group | Mixed drink | 2‰ | 10 |
The evaluation indexes of the growth performance of the tested animals comprise the weight of the broiler, the ratio of the height of villus in the jejunum and small intestine to the depth of crypt and the abundance of flora in feces.
After the plant essential oil microemulsion is added into drinking water for broiler chickens, the results of weight change tests are shown in table 4, after the plant essential oil microemulsions prepared in examples 1-5, 6 and 7 are added into the drinking water for broiler chickens, the plant essential oil microemulsions have the effect of promoting the weight gain of broiler chickens, the weight gain promoting effects of examples 2-5 are all higher than those of examples 6 and 7, and the weight gain effect of the plant essential oil microemulsion of example 3 is the best.
Table 4 effect of water addition of plant essential oil microemulsion on broiler weight
| Grouping | Average body weight (g) at 1 day age | Average body weight (g) at 21 days of age | Average weight gain (g) |
| Blank group | 45.8 | 780.65 | 734.85 |
| EXAMPLE 1 group | 44.9 | 799.36 | 754.46 |
| EXAMPLE 2 group | 45.3 | 810.46 | 765.16 |
| EXAMPLE 3 group | 46.1 | 845.56 | 799.46 |
| EXAMPLE 4 group | 45.7 | 821.19 | 775.49 |
| EXAMPLE 5 group | 45.2 | 805.37 | 760.17 |
| EXAMPLE 6 group | 44.5 | 800.35 | 755.85 |
| EXAMPLE 7 group | 45.5 | 804.35 | 758.85 |
The results of measuring the ratio of the height of the villus of the jejunum small intestine to the depth of the crypt are shown in table 5, the plant essential oil microemulsion prepared in examples 1 to 5, 6 and 7 has the effects of increasing the height of the villus of the jejunum small intestine and reducing the depth of the crypt when being added into the drinking water of the broiler chicken, the effects of examples 2 to 5 are higher than those of examples 6 and 7, and the plant essential oil microemulsion of example 3 has the best effect.
TABLE 5 determination of ratio of villus height of jejunum small intestine to crypt depth
| Grouping | Height of pile (μm) | Depth of recess (mum) | Ratio of |
| Blank group | 1395.85 | 175.24 | 7.97 |
| EXAMPLE 1 group | 1449.36 | 170.12 | 8.52 |
| EXAMPLE 2 group | 1487.26 | 171.24 | 8.69 |
| EXAMPLE 3 group | 1597.31 | 169.58 | 9.42 |
| EXAMPLE 4 group | 1563.24 | 168.41 | 9.28 |
| EXAMPLE 5 group | 1489.87 | 170.25 | 8.75 |
| EXAMPLE 6 group | 1491.15 | 174.66 | 8.54 |
| EXAMPLE 7 group | 1490.35 | 175.85 | 8.48 |
The results of the genus level of the intestinal flora abundance in feces are shown in table 6, the plant essential oil microemulsions prepared in examples 1-5 and 6 and 7 have the effects of promoting the proliferation of intestinal probiotics and inhibiting harmful bacteria when added to the drinking water of broiler chicken, the effects of promoting the proliferation of intestinal probiotics in examples 2-4 are higher than those of example 6, the effects of promoting the proliferation of intestinal probiotics in examples 3 and 4 are higher than those of example 7, and the effects of inhibiting harmful bacteria in examples 3 and 5 are higher than those of examples 6 and 7.
TABLE 6 detection results of Enterobacter abundance levels in feces
| Grouping | Probiotics augmentation | Reduction of harmful bacteria |
| Blank group | The lactobacillus genus is increased by 33.86% | The reduction of the genus Escherichia-Shigella is 25.68 percent |
| EXAMPLE 1 group | The lactobacillus genus is increased by 85.42% | The reduction of the genus Escherichia-Shigella is 75.86% |
| EXAMPLE 2 group | The lactobacillus genus is increased by 88.69% | The reduction of the genus Escherichia-Shigella is 69.31% |
| EXAMPLE 3 group | The lactobacillus genus is increased by 185.36% | The reduction of the genus Escherichia-Shigella is 96.73% |
| EXAMPLE 4 group | The lactobacillus genus is increased by 152.64% | The reduction of the genus Escherichia-Shigella is 66.34% |
| EXAMPLE 5 group | The lactobacillus genus is increased by 84.36 percent | Reduction of Shigella by 92.51% |
| EXAMPLE 6 group | The lactobacillus genus is increased by 87.42% | Reduction of the genus Escherichia-Shigella by 78.44% |
| EXAMPLE 7 group | The lactobacillus genus is increased by 90.42 percent | The reduction of the genus Escherichia-Shigella is 85.44% |
Example 15 broiler diarrhea treatment test
23000 broilers are raised in cages in a certain scale of broiler farms, the breed is 817 broilers, and when the broilers are 2 days old, a large group of diarrhea symptoms occur, and chicks are loose and have convenient feed. The plant essential oil microemulsion of the embodiment 3 is mixed and drunk for 4 days according to 2 per mill, and the diarrhea of the chicks is basically cured. Before administration, the feces of the chickens are shown in figure 1, the feces are yellow green, paralyzed and deformed, and the feces are fed; after the administration, the feces of the chickens were grayish brown and had white urate attached to one end, and were in the form of a strip, as shown in FIG. 2.
Claims (10)
1. The plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive is characterized in that the plant essential oil comprises the following components: patchouli oil, perilla leaf oil, elsholtzia oil, burdock oil and cardamom oil.
2. The plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of patchouli oil, perilla leaf oil, elsholtzia oil, burdock oil and cardamom oil in the plant essential oil is (2-6): 1-3): 0.25-1.75.
3. The plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of patchouli oil, perilla leaf oil, elsholtzia oil, burdock oil and cardamom oil in the plant essential oil is 4:2:2:1: 1.
4. The plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5-25 parts of vegetable essential oil, 5-25 parts of dispersing agent, 15-75 parts of emulsifying agent, 15-75 parts of auxiliary emulsifying agent and 80-400 parts of drinking water.
5. The plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive as claimed in claim 4, wherein the dispersant is one or more of isopropyl myristate, caprylic/capric triglyceride or short-chain C8-18 oil; the emulsifier is one or more of RH40, span 60, Tween 80 and lecithin; the auxiliary emulsifier is one or more of glycerol, propylene glycol, n-butanol, absolute ethyl alcohol and PEG 400.
6. The plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive according to claim 5, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 7-23 parts of plant essential oil, 7-23 parts of isopropyl myristate, 7-48 parts of tween 8012, 7-23 parts of lecithin, 7-23 parts of glycerol, 12-48 parts of propylene glycol and 82-380 parts of drinking water.
7. The plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive according to claim 6, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 15 parts of plant essential oil, 15 parts of isopropyl myristate, 8030 parts of tween, 15 parts of lecithin, 15 parts of glycerol, 30 parts of propylene glycol and 210 parts of drinking water.
8. A method for preparing the plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive as defined in any one of claims 1-7, comprising the steps of:
(1) weighing patchouli oil, perilla leaf oil, elsholtzia oil, burdock oil, cardamom oil and a dispersing agent according to the mass ratio, uniformly mixing to prepare composite plant essential oil, and standing for later use;
(2) mixing emulsifier and co-emulsifier, stirring to obtain mixed surfactant, and standing;
(3) adding the composite plant essential oil into the mixed surfactant, and heating to 60-72 ℃ to prepare an oil phase of the microemulsion;
(4) heating water to 55-68 ℃ to prepare a water phase of the microemulsion; and adding the oil phase into the water phase under the stirring condition to obtain the plant essential oil microemulsion.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein: the heating temperature in the step (3) is 68-70 ℃; in the step (4), the heating temperature is 60-65 ℃, and the stirring speed is 1000-1200 rpm.
10. Use of the plant essential oil microemulsion feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 7 for preparing a premix with the effects of optimizing intestinal flora structure, improving intestinal health and promoting growth.
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| JPH10313797A (en) * | 1997-05-20 | 1998-12-02 | Nippon Haigou Shiryo Kk | Feed for poultry and production method for poultry egg |
| CN108378217A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-08-10 | 广东科贸职业学院 | A kind of natural plant essential oils compound formulation and its preparation method and application |
| CN110564508A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-12-13 | 青岛科技大学 | compound essential oil, preparation method and application thereof in feed |
| CN111171955A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-05-19 | 开封嘉骏生物科技有限公司 | Water-soluble compound essential oil for livestock and poultry as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111374999A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-07-07 | 辽宁菲迪饲料科技有限责任公司 | Plant essential oil drinking agent for eliminating respiratory tract symptoms of pigs and chickens and preparation method thereof |
| CN112841451A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-05-28 | 湖北润泛生物科技有限公司 | Mixture for poultry and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113796393A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2021-12-17 | 迈迪生物科技有限公司 | Environment-friendly essential oil emulsion with lasting slow release capacity and preparation method and application thereof |
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Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPH10313797A (en) * | 1997-05-20 | 1998-12-02 | Nippon Haigou Shiryo Kk | Feed for poultry and production method for poultry egg |
| CN108378217A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-08-10 | 广东科贸职业学院 | A kind of natural plant essential oils compound formulation and its preparation method and application |
| CN110564508A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-12-13 | 青岛科技大学 | compound essential oil, preparation method and application thereof in feed |
| CN111171955A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-05-19 | 开封嘉骏生物科技有限公司 | Water-soluble compound essential oil for livestock and poultry as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN113796393A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2021-12-17 | 迈迪生物科技有限公司 | Environment-friendly essential oil emulsion with lasting slow release capacity and preparation method and application thereof |
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