CN114467977A - 一种适用于滴灌设施的杀虫型复合微生物组合物及其应用 - Google Patents
一种适用于滴灌设施的杀虫型复合微生物组合物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
- A01N63/22—Bacillus
- A01N63/23—B. thuringiensis
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- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种适用于滴灌设施的杀虫型复合微生物组合物,由以下重量份数的原料组成:有效微生物菌粉20‑30份、水溶性氮化物10‑14份、水溶性磷化物10‑18份、水溶性钾化物10‑12份、水溶性微量元素0.1‑0.5份、促溶剂1‑3份、黄腐酸2‑4份、羟甲基纤维素钠12‑15份、羧甲基淀粉钠8‑10份、柠檬酸钠0.5‑1.5份、去离子水10‑20份;所述有效微生物菌粉包含白僵菌和/或绿僵菌,所述有效微生物菌粉还包含苏云金芽孢杆菌和/或耳霉菌,各有效活菌数不少于5亿/克;所述有效微生物菌粉还包含高岭土、生物炭、酒糟。所制备的杀虫型复合微生物组合物对花生虫害的防治效果好,作用时间长,同时促进花生生长,增产保质,便于存放和运输,适用于花生滴灌,不易堵塞,节约水资源。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及微生物菌剂技术领域,特别是涉及一种适用于滴灌设施的杀虫型复合微生物组合物及其应用。
背景技术
花生是经济作物,在我国国民经济中占有重要的地位,既是我国人民的主要食物油源,又是人类主要的植物蛋白来源,同时也是食品和医药工业的重要原料,还是我国出口创汇的重要农产品,花生产量的持续稳定提高对于我国农业和相关工业的可持续发展具有重要意义。
目前,常用的花生浇水施肥方式为大水沟灌冲施肥料,这种施肥方式,不仅造成了肥料和水资源的大量浪费,而且还易使土壤酸化板结,造成花生减产,品质降低。鉴于我国水资源与能源短缺的问题,滴灌技术逐渐推广,滴灌技术相对于大水沟灌具有较多优势,例如节水省肥、提高产量、减少盐碱对作物的损害,并可减轻劳动强度,大幅度提高生产效率等。
此外,有效防治花生病虫害也是提高花生产量和质量的重要一环,随着人们环境保护意识的提高,大量的生防菌剂被人们发现利用,但很多菌剂的药效不稳定,药效期短,作用时间有效是阻碍其广泛应用的一大阻碍。
如何解决上述技术问题,是目前急需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
针对上述情况,本发明之目的在于提供一种适用于滴灌设施的杀虫型复合微生物组合物,用于花生施肥和虫害的防治,提高花生质量和产量。
其解决的技术方案是:
一种适用于滴灌设施的杀虫型复合微生物组合物,由以下重量份数的原料组成:有效微生物菌粉20-30份、水溶性氮化物10-14份、水溶性磷化物10-18份、水溶性钾化物10-12份、水溶性微量元素0.1-0.5份、促溶剂1-3份、黄腐酸2-4份、羟甲基纤维素钠12-15份、羧甲基淀粉钠8-10份、柠檬酸钠0.5-1.5份、去离子水10-20份;所述有效微生物菌粉包含白僵菌和/或绿僵菌,所述有效微生物菌粉还包含苏云金芽孢杆菌和/或耳霉菌,各有效活菌数不少于5亿/克;所述有效微生物菌粉还包含高岭土、生物炭、酒糟。
进一步的,所述杀虫型复合微生物由以下方法制备:
(1)将所述菌种接种于相应的培养基上,25-32℃下培养18-24h后,然后再按1-3%的接种量接种到对应的发酵培养基上,于28-35℃下培养48-72h后,得到菌液;
(2)将各单一菌液等比例混合均匀,得混合菌液,混合菌液与高岭土、生物炭、酒糟按比例进行吸附混合,冷冻干燥,研磨过300目筛制,得有效微生物菌粉;
(3)将有效微生物菌粉、水溶性氮化物、水溶性磷化物、水溶性钾化物、水溶性微量元素、促溶剂、黄腐酸、羟甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基淀粉钠、柠檬酸钠、去离子水混合均匀后造粒,得杀虫型复合微生物组合物,粒径为2mm。
进一步的,所述水溶性氮肥为硝酸铵。
进一步的,所述水溶性磷肥为磷酸脲。
进一步的,所述水溶性钾肥为氯化钾。
进一步的,所述水溶性微量元素包括锌、硼、锰、铜、钼、硒中的一种或多种。
进一步的,所述促溶剂为乙二胺四乙酸亚铁盐。
进一步的,所述高岭土、生物炭、酒糟的粒径为400目。
进一步的,所述混合菌液:高岭土、生物炭、酒糟的质量比为:20:8:32:11。
进一步的,所述白僵菌菌液的制备:PDB液体培养基,30℃下培养24h后,然后再按3%的接种量接种到发酵培养基上,于30℃下培养60h后,得白僵菌菌液,所述发酵培养基由灭菌后的大豆粉7%、葡萄糖3%、玉米淀粉1%、土豆粉0.25%、磷酸氢二钾0.05%、硫酸镁0.01%、硝酸钾0.2%、余量的水组成。
进一步的,所述绿僵菌菌液的制备:PDB液体培养基,30℃下培养20h后,然后再按3%的接种量接种到发酵培养基上,于30℃下培养50h后,得绿僵菌菌液,所述发酵培养基由灭菌后的大豆粉7%、葡萄糖3%、玉米淀粉1%、土豆粉0.25%、磷酸氢二钠0.01%、余量的水组成。
进一步的,所述苏云金芽孢杆菌菌液的制备:LB液体培养基,28℃下培养18h后,然后再按3%的接种量接种到发酵培养基上,于28℃下培养55h后,得苏云金芽孢杆菌菌液,所述发酵培养基由灭菌后的大豆粉5%、面粉6%、磷酸氢二钾0.02%、硫酸镁0.01%、硫酸锌0.01%、钙粉0.01%、酵母粉1%、葡萄糖0.5%、氯化钠0.5%、硫酸锰0.01%、余量的水组成。
进一步的,所述耳霉菌菌液的制备:PDA液体培养基,25℃下培养24h后,然后再按1%的接种量接种到发酵培养基上,于25℃下培养72h后,得耳霉菌菌液,所述发酵培养基由12%蛋黄、8%牛奶、0.8%蛋白胨、0.8%酵母粉、3.2%葡萄糖、余量的水组成。
进一步的,所述杀虫型复合微生物用于花生施肥和虫害的防治。
进一步的,所述杀虫型复合微生物的使用方式为:与水混合溶解后,滴灌施用于花生根部。
由于以上技术方案的采用,本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点:
本发明将白僵菌和/或绿僵菌,苏云金芽孢杆菌和/或耳霉菌联合使用,协同增效,能够提高对花生虫害的防治效果,减小虫害抗性,同时将复合菌以高岭土、生物炭、酒糟为载体,能够提高复合菌活力,增强稳定性,提高防效和作用时间,最后通过合理配比,将花生生长所需营养成分与将有效菌粉连同促溶剂、黄腐酸、羟甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基淀粉钠、柠檬酸钠混合制备成颗粒,便于存放和运输,同时又能够遇水快速崩解,用于花生滴灌,不易堵塞,节约水资源。防治虫害的同时,促进花生生长,提高产量质量。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案作详细描述,但需要强调的是,本发明并不受限于所述的具体实施方式;下述实施例所用微生物菌种可自行分离或通过购买得到;下述实施例所述原料无特殊说明均可通过常规方法制备或购买获得。
实施例1
1)一种白僵菌菌液的制备方法:PDB液体培养基,30℃下培养24h后,然后再按3%的接种量接种到发酵培养基上,于30℃下培养60h后,得白僵菌菌液,所述发酵培养基由灭菌后的大豆粉7%、葡萄糖3%、玉米淀粉1%、土豆粉0.25%、磷酸氢二钾0.05%、硫酸镁0.01%、硝酸钾0.2%、余量的水组成。
2)一种绿僵菌菌液的制备:PDB液体培养基,30℃下培养20h后,然后再按3%的接种量接种到发酵培养基上,于30℃下培养50h后,得绿僵菌菌液,所述发酵培养基由灭菌后的大豆粉7%、葡萄糖3%、玉米淀粉1%、土豆粉0.25%、磷酸氢二钠0.01%、余量的水组成。
3)一种苏云金芽孢杆菌菌液的制备:LB液体培养基,28℃下培养18h后,然后再按3%的接种量接种到发酵培养基上,于28℃下培养55h后,得苏云金芽孢杆菌菌液,所述发酵培养基由灭菌后的大豆粉5%、面粉6%、磷酸氢二钾0.02%、硫酸镁0.01%、硫酸锌0.01%、钙粉0.01%、酵母粉1%、葡萄糖0.5%、氯化钠0.5%、硫酸锰0.01%、余量的水组成。
4)一种耳霉菌菌液的制备:PDA液体培养基,25℃下培养24h后,然后再按1%的接种量接种到发酵培养基上,于25℃下培养72h后,得耳霉菌菌液,所述发酵培养基由12%蛋黄、8%牛奶、0.8%蛋白胨、0.8%酵母粉、3.2%葡萄糖、余量的水组成。
实施例2
一种杀虫型复合微生物组合物,由以下重量份数的原料组成:有效微生物菌粉20份、水溶性氮化物10份、水溶性磷化物10份、水溶性钾化物10份、水溶性微量元素0.1份、促溶剂1份、黄腐酸2份、羟甲基纤维素钠12份、羧甲基淀粉钠8份、柠檬酸钠0.5份、去离子水10份;所述有效微生物菌粉包含白僵菌和绿僵菌,所述有效微生物菌粉还包含苏云金芽孢杆菌,各有效活菌数不少于5亿/克;所述水溶性氮肥为硝酸铵;所述水溶性磷肥为磷酸脲;所述水溶性钾肥为氯化钾;所述水溶性微量元素包括锌、硼、锰、铜、钼;所述促溶剂为乙二胺四乙酸亚铁盐。
实施例3
一种杀虫型复合微生物组合物,由以下重量份数的原料组成:有效微生物菌粉25份、水溶性氮化物12份、水溶性磷化物14份、水溶性钾化物11份、水溶性微量元素0.3份、促溶剂2份、黄腐酸3份、羟甲基纤维素钠14份、羧甲基淀粉钠9份、柠檬酸钠1份、去离子水15份;所述有效微生物菌粉包含白僵菌和绿僵菌,所述有效微生物菌粉还包含苏云金芽孢杆菌和耳霉菌,各有效活菌数不少于5亿/克;所述水溶性氮肥为硝酸铵;所述水溶性磷肥为磷酸脲;所述水溶性钾肥为氯化钾;所述水溶性微量元素包括锌、硼、锰、铜、钼、硒;所述促溶剂为乙二胺四乙酸亚铁盐。
实施例4
一种杀虫型复合微生物组合物,由以下重量份数的原料组成:有效微生物菌粉30份、水溶性氮化物14份、水溶性磷化物18份、水溶性钾化物12份、水溶性微量元素0.5份、促溶剂3份、黄腐酸4份、羟甲基纤维素钠15份、羧甲基淀粉钠10份、柠檬酸钠1.5份、去离子水20份;所述有效微生物菌粉包含白僵菌和绿僵菌菌,所述有效微生物菌粉还包含苏云金芽孢杆菌和耳霉菌,各有效活菌数不少于5亿/克;所述水溶性氮肥为硝酸铵;所述水溶性磷肥为磷酸脲;所述水溶性钾肥为氯化钾;所述水溶性微量元素包括硼、锰、铜、钼、硒;所述促溶剂为乙二胺四乙酸亚铁盐。
实施例5
提供一种有效微生物菌粉的制备方法:将实施例2-4所述的各单一菌液等比例混合均匀,得混合菌液,混合菌液与高岭土、生物炭、酒糟按比例进行吸附混合,冷冻干燥,研磨过300目筛制,得有效微生物菌粉;所述高岭土、生物炭、酒糟的粒径为400目;所述混合菌液:高岭土、生物炭、酒糟的质量比为:20:8:32:11。
实施例6
提供一种杀虫型复合微生物组合物的制备方法:将有效微生物菌粉、水溶性氮化物、水溶性磷化物、水溶性钾化物、水溶性微量元素、促溶剂、黄腐酸、羟甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基淀粉钠、柠檬酸钠、去离子水混合均匀后造粒,得杀虫型复合微生物组合物,粒径为2mm。
对比例1
将实施例3所述的各单一菌液等比例混合均匀,得混合菌液。
试验例
处理剂1:市面上普通的通用型三安复合肥;处理剂2:对比例1所得混合菌液;处理剂3:市面上普通的通用型三安复合肥+对比例1所得混合菌液;处理剂4-6:实施例2-4所得杀虫型复合微生物组合物;处理剂7:清水
施用时间:花生苗期,用量:40Kg/亩;花生结果期,用量:15Kg/亩
处理方式:处理剂1撒于花生根部,深施覆土后浇水;处理剂2加水稀释,滴灌;处理剂3:处理剂1撒于花生根部,深施覆土,处理剂2加水稀释,滴灌于花生根部;处理剂4-6与水混合溶解后,滴灌于花生根部;清水直接滴灌于花生根部。除上述处理外,期间不使用不再施加任何药肥和营养液,正常管理,收获,以处理剂7为基准,计算产量,并根据花生国家标准GB/T1532-2008评估花生质量。
实验结果下表:
花生果增产率/% | 花生仁纯质率/% | 虫蚀率/% | |
处理剂1 | 18.79 | 64.97 | 25.16 |
处理剂2 | 12.31 | 71.15 | 12.34 |
处理剂3 | 34.47 | 80.53 | 9.65 |
处理剂4 | 48.23 | 87.14 | 4.38 |
处理剂5 | 49.12 | 89.95 | 5.76 |
处理剂6 | 48.56 | 92.31 | 5.24 |
处理剂7 | - | 50.31 | 30.56% |
从表1可以看出,本发明研制的一种适用于滴灌设施的杀虫型复合微生物组合物通过对花生营养需求合理配比营养元素并与白僵菌和/或绿僵菌菌,苏云金芽孢杆菌和/或耳霉菌复合能够明显降低花生地下虫害,降低果实的虫蚀率,同时提高花生产量和质量。
以上所述是结合具体实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明,不能认定本发明具体实施仅局限于此;对于本发明所属及相关技术领域的技术人员来说,在基于本发明技术方案思路前提下,所作的拓展以及操作方法、数据的替换,都应当落在本发明保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种适用于滴灌设施的杀虫型复合微生物组合物,其特征在于,由以下重量份数的原料组成:有效微生物菌粉20-30份、水溶性氮化物10-14份、水溶性磷化物10-18份、水溶性钾化物10-12份、水溶性微量元素0.1-0.5份、促溶剂1-3份、黄腐酸2-4份、羟甲基纤维素钠12-15份、羧甲基淀粉钠8-10份、柠檬酸钠0.5-1.5份、去离子水10-20份;所述有效微生物菌粉包含白僵菌和/或绿僵菌,所述有效微生物菌粉还包含苏云金芽孢杆菌和/或耳霉菌,各有效活菌数不少于5亿/克;所述有效微生物菌粉还包含高岭土、生物炭、酒糟;
所述杀虫型复合微生物由以下方法制备:
(1)将所述菌种接种于相应的培养基上,25-32℃下培养18-24h后,然后再按1-3%的接种量接种到对应的发酵培养基上,于28-35℃下培养48-72h后,得到菌液;
(2)将各单一菌液等比例混合均匀,得混合菌液,混合菌液与高岭土、生物炭、酒糟按比例进行吸附混合,冷冻干燥,研磨过300目筛制,得有效微生物菌粉;
(3)将有效微生物菌粉、水溶性氮化物、水溶性磷化物、水溶性钾化物、水溶性微量元素、促溶剂、黄腐酸、羟甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基淀粉钠、柠檬酸钠、去离子水混合均匀后造粒,得杀虫型复合微生物组合物,粒径为2mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的适用于滴灌设施的杀虫型复合微生物组合物,其特征在于,所述水溶性氮肥为硝酸铵;所述水溶性磷肥为磷酸脲;所述水溶性钾肥为氯化钾;所述水溶性微量元素包括锌、硼、锰、铜、钼、硒中的一种或多种;所述促溶剂为乙二胺四乙酸亚铁盐。
3.根据权利要求1所述的适用于滴灌设施的杀虫型复合微生物组合物,其特征在于,所述高岭土、生物炭、酒糟的粒径为400目。
4.根据权利要求1所述的适用于滴灌设施的杀虫型复合微生物组合物,其特征在于,所述混合菌液:高岭土、生物炭、酒糟的质量比为:20:8:32:11。
5.根据权利要求1所述的适用于滴灌设施的杀虫型复合微生物组合物,其特征在于,所述白僵菌菌液的制备:PDB液体培养基,30℃下培养24h后,然后再按3%的接种量接种到发酵培养基上,于30℃下培养60h后,得白僵菌菌液,所述发酵培养基由灭菌后的大豆粉7%、葡萄糖3%、玉米淀粉1%、土豆粉0.25%、磷酸氢二钾0.05%、硫酸镁0.01%、硝酸钾0.2%、余量的水组成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的适用于滴灌设施的杀虫型复合微生物组合物,其特征在于,所述绿僵菌菌液的制备:PDB液体培养基,30℃下培养20h后,然后再按3%的接种量接种到发酵培养基上,于30℃下培养50h后,得绿僵菌菌液,所述发酵培养基由灭菌后的大豆粉7%、葡萄糖3%、玉米淀粉1%、土豆粉0.25%、磷酸氢二钠0.01%、余量的水组成。
7.根据权利要求1所述的适用于滴灌设施的杀虫型复合微生物组合物,其特征在于,所述苏云金芽孢杆菌菌液的制备:LB液体培养基,28℃下培养18h后,然后再按3%的接种量接种到发酵培养基上,于28℃下培养55h后,得苏云金芽孢杆菌菌液,所述发酵培养基由灭菌后的大豆粉5%、面粉6%、磷酸氢二钾0.02%、硫酸镁0.01%、硫酸锌0.01%、钙粉0.01%、酵母粉1%、葡萄糖0.5%、氯化钠0.5%、硫酸锰0.01%、余量的水组成。
8.根据权利要求1所述的适用于滴灌设施的杀虫型复合微生物组合物,其特征在于,所述耳霉菌菌液的制备:PDA液体培养基,25℃下培养24h后,然后再按1%的接种量接种到发酵培养基上,于25℃下培养72h后,得耳霉菌菌液,所述发酵培养基由12%蛋黄、8%牛奶、0.8%蛋白胨、0.8%酵母粉、3.2%葡萄糖、余量的水组成。
9.根据权利要求1-8任一所述的适用于滴灌设施的杀虫型复合微生物组合物,其特征在于,该杀虫型复合微生物用于花生施肥和虫害的防治。
10.根据权利要求9所述的适用于滴灌设施的杀虫型复合微生物组合物,其特征在于,该杀虫型复合微生物的使用方式为:与水混合溶解后,滴灌施用于花生根部。
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