CN114467385A - 一种灭根茬撒肥秸秆旋埋还田一体机 - Google Patents

一种灭根茬撒肥秸秆旋埋还田一体机 Download PDF

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CN114467385A
CN114467385A CN202210026842.9A CN202210026842A CN114467385A CN 114467385 A CN114467385 A CN 114467385A CN 202210026842 A CN202210026842 A CN 202210026842A CN 114467385 A CN114467385 A CN 114467385A
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stubble
fertilizer
cleaning
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CN114467385B (zh
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王立军
王后升
冯鑫
王英帅
毕晟莹
李懿航
于锟蒙
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Northeast Agricultural University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00Combined machines
    • A01B49/04Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
    • A01B49/06Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
    • A01B49/065Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B33/00Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs
    • A01B33/02Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs with tools on horizontal shaft transverse to direction of travel
    • A01B33/021Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs with tools on horizontal shaft transverse to direction of travel with rigid tools
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B33/00Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs
    • A01B33/06Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs with tools on vertical or steeply-inclined shaft
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B33/00Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs
    • A01B33/08Tools; Details, e.g. adaptations of transmissions or gearings
    • A01B33/10Structural or functional features of the tools ; Theoretical aspects of the cutting action
    • A01B33/103Structural or functional features of the tools ; Theoretical aspects of the cutting action the rotating shaft being oriented horizontally
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B33/00Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs
    • A01B33/08Tools; Details, e.g. adaptations of transmissions or gearings
    • A01B33/10Structural or functional features of the tools ; Theoretical aspects of the cutting action
    • A01B33/106Structural or functional features of the tools ; Theoretical aspects of the cutting action the rotating shaft being oriented vertically or steeply inclined
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00Combined machines
    • A01B49/02Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind
    • A01B49/022Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind at least one tool being actively driven
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00Combined machines
    • A01B49/02Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind
    • A01B49/022Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind at least one tool being actively driven
    • A01B49/025Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind at least one tool being actively driven about a substantially vertical axis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00Combined machines
    • A01B49/04Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C15/00Fertiliser distributors
    • A01C15/12Fertiliser distributors with movable parts of the receptacle
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C17/00Fertilisers or seeders with centrifugal wheels
    • A01C17/001Centrifugal throwing devices with a vertical axis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C23/00Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
    • A01C23/04Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
    • A01C23/047Spraying of liquid fertilisers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D34/00Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters
    • A01D34/835Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters specially adapted for particular purposes
    • A01D34/8355Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters specially adapted for particular purposes for cutting up or crushing remaining standing stalks, e.g. stubble

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Fertilizing (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)

Abstract

一种灭根茬撒肥秸秆旋埋还田一体机,包括机架与三点悬挂架,所述机架底部前端安装有立式灭根茬机构,其后部安装有撒肥机构,可进行肥料喷施,旋耕刀辊与弹齿机构安装在机具后部进行秸秆旋埋作业。在还田作业时,机具由拖拉机动力输出轴提供动力,立式灭茬机构将留茬与主根破碎,撒肥机构将各种肥料撒到地表,旋耕刀辊将大部分的秸秆与肥料旋埋到土壤中,弹齿机构可提高秸秆掩埋深度,降低浅层土壤中的秸秆数量,提高种床质量。整体作业过程连贯,通过一次进地即可实现粉碎根茬、撒肥、旋耕、秸秆压埋,工作效率高,省时省力。

Description

一种灭根茬撒肥秸秆旋埋还田一体机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种农业器具,具体涉及一种灭根茬撒肥秸秆旋埋一体机。
背景技术
在农业生产中,传统的还田作业是先通过灭茬机将根与茬破碎,再通过秸秆还田机将秸秆旋埋到土壤当中;这种作业方式需要两次进地,作业量较大,效率较低,且无法喷施肥料提高秸秆腐解速率。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种灭根茬撒肥秸秆旋埋一体机,以解决现有技术中灭根茬、秸秆旋埋需两次进地作业、作业量大,无法喷施肥料的技术问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明所提供的一种灭根茬撒肥秸秆旋埋一体机的技术方案是:一种灭根茬撒肥秸秆旋埋一体机,包括机架2和三点悬挂架1,其特征在于所述机架2的底部前端并排安装有若干组立式灭茬机构,由立轴6、定刀板7、灭茬刀8、灭根刀9构成。所述撒肥机构由颗粒肥料施肥部分、液体施肥喷施部分以及粉末肥料施肥部分构成,所述颗粒肥料施肥部分由搅拌组合22、甩盘21、电机20、刮板23组成,搅拌组合22通过甩盘21与电机20相连,刮板23固连在搅拌组合22上,所述液体施肥喷施部分由增压泵25、喷头24组成,所述粉末肥料施肥部分由抖动板26、多向运动装置、毛刷辊27、电机20等组成,抖动板26通过多向运动装置连接在肥料箱11上,多向运动装置中的大锥齿轮33与电机20相连。整个撒肥机构通过螺栓安装在机架2上。所述旋耕刀辊由旋耕刀轴14与48把旋耕刀13构成,旋耕刀13通过螺栓与旋耕刀轴14连接。所述弹齿机构由弹齿19焊接在弹齿轴18构成。所述传动机构由拖拉机动力输出轴通过减速器A5将动力传递到机架2下方三个小变速箱4,由小变速箱4将动力传递到灭根茬机构,减速器A5后部与减速器B12前部由传动轴10相连,通过减速箱B12的齿轮可将动力传递到旋耕刀辊上,通过旋耕刀辊两端的链传动,将动力传递到弹齿轴18上,撒肥机构的动力则由单独的小型电机20驱动。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是一种灭根茬撒肥秸秆旋埋一体机,首先通过立式灭根茬机构可以对玉米残茬残根进行粉碎处理,撒肥机构将各种肥料进行喷施,通过旋耕刀辊可以将秸秆、肥料旋埋入土壤当中,提高土壤中的营养成分,弹齿机构可将秸秆压埋至较深的土壤区域,提高秸秆在土壤中的分布均匀性。该机具可一次完成灭根茬、撒肥、旋耕、秸秆还田工序,工作效率高、省时省力。
附图说明
图1为本发明所提供的灭根茬撒肥秸秆旋埋一体机的结构示意图;
图2为本发明所提供的动力传动系统的结构示意图;
图3是本发明所提供的灭根茬机构的结构示意图。
图4是本发明所提供的撒肥机构的结构示意图;
图5是本发明所提供的撒肥机构的半剖视图;
图6是本发明所提供的多向运动装置结构示意图;
图7是本发明所提供的旋耕—弹齿机构的结构示意图。
图中件号说明:
1、三点悬挂架2、机架3、小变速箱4、传动轴A 5、减速器A 6、立轴7、定刀板8、灭茬刀9、灭根刀10、传动轴11、肥料箱12、减速器B13、旋耕刀14、旋耕刀轴15、链轮A16、链条17、链轮B18、弹齿轴19、弹齿20、电机21、甩盘22、搅拌组合23、刮板24、喷头25、增压泵26、抖动板27、毛刷辊28、开关29、连接杆d 30、曲柄31、小锥齿轮32、轴套组合a 33、大锥齿轮34、轴套组合b 35、连接板36、连接杆a 37、连接杆b 38、连接杆c
具体实施方式
一种灭根茬撒肥秸秆旋埋一体机,三点悬挂架1、减速器A 5、减速器B12用螺栓与机架2相连,减速器A 5的齿轮组A通过传动轴A4与小变速箱3内的齿轮啮合,立式灭根茬机构通过齿轮组与小变速箱4连接。撒肥机构由颗粒肥料施肥部分、液体施肥喷施部分以及粉末肥料施肥部分构成,所述颗粒肥料施肥部分由搅拌组合22、甩盘21、电机20、刮板23组成,搅拌组合22通过甩盘21与电机20相连,搅拌组合22对粘结在一起的肥料起到搅拌作用,刮板23固连在搅拌组合22上,随着搅拌组合22的旋转,刮板23转动与肥料箱11的半圆形肥料输出端口交错形成肥料的间断输出,而且刮板23也起着防止肥料堵塞的作用,所述液体施肥喷施部分由开关28、增压泵25、喷头24依次连接在肥料箱11上,所述粉末肥料施肥部分由抖动板26、多向运动装置、毛刷辊27、电机20等组成,抖动板26通过多向运动装置连接在肥料箱11上,多向运动装置中的大锥齿轮33与电机20相连,毛刷辊27的一端与电机20连接,所述毛刷辊27与抖动板26起防止粉末肥料堵塞的作用,多向运动装置中大锥齿轮33与小锥齿轮31啮合,连接杆a 36与连接杆b 37的一端连接在连接杆c 38上,另一端连接在连接板35上,连接板35通过轴套组合a 32安装在大锥齿轮轴上,连接杆d 29一端与连接杆c 38连接,一端与曲柄30连接,曲柄30与小锥齿轮31通过轴连接,大锥齿轮轴与小锥齿轮轴之间通过轴套组合b 34连接,抖动板26固连在连接杆c 38上。减速器A 5通过传动轴10与减速器B12相连,减速器B12通过齿轮与旋耕刀轴14相连,旋耕刀13通过螺栓与旋耕刀轴14相连,弹齿19焊接在弹齿轴18上构成弹齿机构,旋耕刀轴14与弹齿轴18两端分别安装链轮A15与链轮B17,通过链条16相连。
工作原理:通过减速器A 5的齿轮与小变速箱4将动力传递到立式灭根茬机构,通过灭根茬机构将玉米残根残茬进行粉碎处理。撒肥机构的颗粒肥料施肥部分在电机20的带动下,搅拌组合22转动,甩盘21旋转将颗粒状肥料喷撒至地表,打开液体施肥喷施部分的开关28,在增压泵25的作用下液体肥料喷施至地表,电机20的旋转驱动多向运动装置的大锥齿轮33转动,从而使四杆机构往复摆动,抖动板26进行多向运动,在抖动板26以及毛刷辊27的双重防堵作用下,将粉末状肥料撒至地表。减速器A 5通过传动轴10将动力传递到减速器B12,减速器B12通过齿轮将动力传递到旋耕刀轴14,通过旋耕刀13的回转运动,将地表的秸秆与肥料旋埋到土壤当中,通过旋耕刀轴14与弹齿轴18两端的链轮A15、链条16与链轮B17,动力传递到弹齿轴18,弹齿19通过回转运动,将地表以及土壤较浅区域的秸秆压至到较深的土壤区域。

Claims (3)

1.一种灭根茬撒肥秸秆旋埋还田一体机,包括机架2和三点悬挂架1,其特征在于,所述机架2的底部并排安装有若干组立式灭根茬机构,撒肥机构位于立式灭茬机构的后上方,旋耕刀辊位于立式灭茬机构的正后方,弹齿机构位于旋耕刀辊后方。所述的机架2上还安装有动力传动系统,所述的动力传动系统与立式灭根茬机构和旋耕刀辊相连,撒肥机构采用单独的传动系统。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种灭根茬撒肥秸秆旋埋还田一体机,其特征在于,所述的撒肥机构包括颗粒肥料施肥部分、液体施肥喷施部分以及粉末肥料施肥部分,所述颗粒肥料施肥部分中的搅拌组合22通过甩盘21与电机20相连,刮板23固连在搅拌组合22上,所述粉末肥料施肥部分的抖动板26通过多向运动装置连接在肥料箱11上,多向运动装置中的大锥齿轮33与电机20相连,整个肥料箱11通过螺栓连接在机架2上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种灭根茬撒肥秸秆旋埋还田一体机,其特征在于,所述的动力传动系统包括减速器A5与减速器B12,减速器A5与拖拉机动力输出轴相连,并且减速器A5通过三个小变速箱4将动力传递到灭根茬机构,减速器A5与减速器B12通过传动轴10相连,通过减速器B12的齿轮组将动力传到旋耕刀辊,并通过两侧的链传动将动力传递到弹齿机构。
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Cited By (3)

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CN115152391A (zh) * 2022-06-27 2022-10-11 成都农业科技职业学院 农用无人机实现的作物自动喷灌设备及控制方法
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CN117136659A (zh) * 2023-10-24 2023-12-01 吉林省农业科学院(中国农业科技东北创新中心) 一种水田灭茬搅浆整地机
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