CN114463513A - Three-dimensional shape modeling method for non-spherical granular explosive - Google Patents
Three-dimensional shape modeling method for non-spherical granular explosive Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional shape modeling method for non-spherical granular explosives, which comprises the following steps: step 1, shooting two-dimensional shapes of explosive particles at three angles by using a scanning electron microscope, and marking three-dimensional shape information of the particles; step 2, reconstructing the shape of the particles in three-dimensional drawing software according to the obtained three-dimensional shape information of the particles, and exporting an STL file; step 3, importing the STL file into DEM software to generate a triangular surface grid; step 4, performing tetrahedral mesh division on the triangular surface mesh; step 5, utilizing a column block automatic generation technology to create internal pellets and generate explosive particle three-dimensional column blocks: the invention provides a three-dimensional shape modeling method for non-spherical explosive particles, which establishes a three-dimensional shape model for the non-spherical explosive particles, can efficiently realize the modeling of explosive particles with different sizes and shapes in a short time, and obtains the optimal model parameters of the explosive particles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of explosive laboratory measurement, in particular to a three-dimensional shape modeling method for a non-spherical granular explosive.
Background
The explosive particle accumulation has direct influence on the explosive safety and the mechanical property of the explosive particles, and the accurate modeling of the explosive particles is the premise of mesoscopic simulation calculation including impact initiation, non-impact ignition and the like.
For computer simulation of the particle accumulation phenomenon, a plurality of models and algorithms are available, and the model for simulating particle accumulation based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM) can better simulate the particle accumulation dynamic process. DEM is a numerical method for researching the mechanical behavior of a discontinuous body, and the basic principle of the DEM is to separate the granular body into a set of discrete units, establish a motion equation of each unit by utilizing Newton's second law, and use a dynamic relaxation method to carry out iterative solution, thereby obtaining the overall motion behavior of the granular body. The method is originally proposed by Cundall in 1971, and through the development of nearly 30 years, the principle and the calculation method of the method become mature day by day and the application of the method is increasingly wide.
In the conventional method, two-dimensional disks or three-dimensional spheres are generally used for simulating particles by using DEM, for example, Chinese patent CN 201810264491.9 discloses a random modeling method for an explosive particle mesoscopic model, which is used for simulating two-dimensional disk particles by establishing an explosive particle two-dimensional mesoscopic random model by specifying the filling proportion of a rectangular wall area and the diameter range of explosive particles.
However, considering that the shape of the disk or sphere is too ideal relative to the actual irregular shape of the explosive particles, the actual characteristics of the stacked body cannot be simulated, and therefore, the disk or sphere is not suitable for the granular explosive with the irregular shape. To address this limitation, many documents propose various ideas to simulate non-circular particle shapes, such as Ashmawy et al, 2003, which proposes a more precise two-dimensional particle bulk Method (ODEC) in the article "influencing the surface of particle shape using the irregular particle Method" to simulate the irregular shape of an actual particle. Three-dimensional particle packing can model real-world engineering problems, typically requiring more particles, and more complex boundary conditions. Researchers have modeled three-dimensional models for specific particles, such as Lin based discrete element simulations of ellipsoids. However, few reports are reported on modeling of the actual shape of the three-dimensional particles at present due to limitations and difficulties in some research methods, such as acquisition of three-dimensional image information and processing of massive information.
Therefore, the invention is urgently needed to invent a three-dimensional shape modeling method for non-spherical explosive particles, and the shape of the particles is modeled to be similar to that of actual particles.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a non-spherical particle explosive three-dimensional shape modeling method, and solve the problem that an explosive particle three-dimensional shape modeling method is lacked in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a three-dimensional shape modeling method for non-spherical explosive particles comprises the following steps:
step 1, extracting three-dimensional shape information: shooting two-dimensional shapes of explosive particles at three angles by using a scanning electron microscope, analyzing the functions by software of the scanning electron microscope, and marking three-dimensional shape information of the particles, wherein the three-dimensional shape information comprises information such as the length, the width, the height, the perimeter, the area and the like of the particles;
step 2, granule shape STL file: reconstructing the shape of the explosive particles in three-dimensional drawing software by using the three-dimensional shape information of the explosive particles obtained in the step 1, and deriving an STL file;
step 3, dividing a surface grid: importing the STL file obtained in the step (2) into DEM software, completing the input of initial grid information by extracting relevant coordinate node data by the STL file, refining and coarsening the grid by adopting an atomic force microscope method, and generating a triangular surface grid;
step 4, body grid division: performing tetrahedral mesh division on the triangular surface mesh generated in the step 3 according to a Bubble Pack Method algorithm;
step 5, generating an explosive particle three-dimensional column block: and (4) creating internal small balls in the tetrahedral mesh divided in the step (4) by utilizing a column block automatic generation technology of DEM software and generating explosive particle three-dimensional column blocks.
1) Calculating the most suitable sphere radius Ri of each tetrahedron;
2) arranging the sphere radius R0 → Rmax in the order from big to small;
3) the following algorithm is executed for padding:
in the procedure: rho is Rmin/Rmax, which represents the distance between adjacent spheres, controls the density of the filled spheres in the column, and can be defined by a user, as shown in fig. 2; "far" is defined by the intersection angle parameter φ, which represents the smoothness of the surfaces of spheres in mutual contact, as shown in FIG. 2, a larger φ indicates a smoother packed surface, but the corresponding number of stacked spheres increases, increasing the number of calculations.
According to the method, spheres are sequentially placed from the position with the maximum radius, the number of the spheres is determined by adjusting rho and phi, finally, the optimal particle filling density and surface smoothness are obtained according to the requirements of computer computing capacity and computing precision, and the explosive particles column is generated by automatically filling small spheres in the particle outline.
The invention also has the following technical characteristics:
in step 1, the explosive particles can be HMX particles, RDX particles, NTO particles and the like.
In step 2, the three-dimensional drawing software is Unigraphics NX software.
In step 3, the DEM software adopts PFC3DAnd (3) software.
In step 4, the Bubble Pack Method calculation process comprises:
(1) adding top bubbles;
(2) adding bubbles on the edges;
(3) air bubbles on the adding surface
(4) A triangular mesh is generated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention (I) tests the three-dimensional shape information of the actual explosive particles to obtain the parameters of the particle shape and establish a model for effectively representing the particle shape. Compared with the existing two-dimensional modeling means, the method can simulate the shape of the explosive particles in the real world and better meet the actual situation. The optimal particle filling density and surface smoothness are obtained by optimizing the particle filling density and the surface smoothness, so that the particle shape can be quickly obtained, the calculated amount is reduced, the calculation cost is reduced, and the calculation precision can be ensured.
The invention provides a non-spherical explosive particle three-dimensional shape modeling method, which establishes a non-spherical explosive particle three-dimensional shape model, can efficiently realize the modeling of explosive particles with different sizes and shapes in a short time, and obtains the optimal model parameters of the explosive particles.
The invention (III) has simple structure and convenient use, and can greatly save manpower and material resources.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the three-dimensional photographing of HMX particles to obtain the microscopic particle morphology of the HMX explosive;
FIG. 2 is a density adjustment control of filled spheres;
FIG. 3 is an initial surface mesh picture obtained after importing an STL file into DEM software
FIG. 4 is an optimized face mesh;
FIG. 5 is a generated tetrahedral mesh;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the effect of the parameters ρ and φ on the column profile;
fig. 7 shows HMX column blocks generated when ρ is 0.3 and Φ is 160 °;
FIG. 8 is a three-dimensional photograph of RDX particles, resulting in a microscopic particle morphology of the RDX explosive;
fig. 9 shows an RDX column block generated when ρ is 0.35 and Φ is 145 °;
the present invention will be explained in further detail with reference to examples.
Detailed Description
The following embodiments of the present invention are provided, and it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and all equivalent changes based on the technical solutions of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention relates to a three-dimensional shape modeling method for non-spherical explosive particles, which comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that a discrete Element method DEM (discrete Element method) method is adopted, irregular shapes of three-dimensional blocks are simulated through a series of mutually overlapped small balls, and finally the outer contour of each small ball represents the three-dimensional shape of explosive particles, so that the method is suitable for modeling the three-dimensional shapes of non-spherical explosive particles such as HMX, RDX, NTO and the like.
A three-dimensional shape modeling method for non-spherical explosive particles comprises the following steps:
and (3) shooting the two-dimensional shapes of the explosive particles at three angles by using a scanning electron microscope, and extracting the three-dimensional shape information of the particles.
And reconstructing the particle shape in three-dimensional drawing software according to the three-dimensional shape information of the explosive particles, and exporting an STL file.
And importing the STL file into DEM software, optimizing the face mesh to generate a triangular face mesh, and finally dividing the tetrahedral mesh.
The optimal particle packing density and surface smoothness are obtained by optimizing the particle packing density and surface smoothness, and the small balls are automatically filled in the particle outline to generate explosive particle blocks.
Step 1, extracting three-dimensional shape information: taking a two-dimensional shape photograph of explosive particles at three angles by using a scanning electron microscope, analyzing the function by software of the scanning electron microscope, and marking the three-dimensional shape information of the particles, wherein the three-dimensional shape information comprises the information of the length, the width, the height, the perimeter, the area and the like of the particles;
step 2, granule shape STL file: reconstructing the shape of the explosive particles in three-dimensional drawing software by using the three-dimensional shape information of the explosive particles obtained in the step 1, and deriving an STL file;
step 3, dividing a surface grid: importing the STL file obtained in the step (2) into DEM software, completing the input of initial grid information by extracting relevant coordinate node data by the STL file, refining and coarsening the grid by adopting an atomic force microscope method, and generating a triangular surface grid;
step 4, body grid division: performing tetrahedral mesh division on the triangular surface mesh generated in the step 3 according to a Bubble Pack Method algorithm;
step 5, generating an explosive particle three-dimensional column block: and (4) creating internal small balls in the tetrahedral mesh divided in the step (4) by utilizing a column block automatic generation technology of DEM software and generating explosive particle three-dimensional column blocks.
1) Calculating the most suitable sphere radius Ri of each tetrahedron;
2) arranging the sphere radius R0 → Rmax in the order from big to small;
3) the following algorithm is executed for padding:
in the procedure: rho is Rmin/Rmax, which represents the distance between adjacent spheres, controls the density of the filled spheres in the column, and can be defined by a user, as shown in fig. 2; "far" is defined by the intersection angle parameter φ, which represents the smoothness of the surfaces of spheres in mutual contact, as shown in FIG. 2, a larger φ indicates a smoother packed surface, but the corresponding number of stacked spheres increases, increasing the number of calculations.
According to the method, spheres are sequentially placed from the position with the maximum radius, the number of the spheres is determined by adjusting rho and phi, finally, the optimal particle filling density and surface smoothness are obtained according to the requirements of computer computing capacity and computing precision, and the explosive particles column is generated by automatically filling small spheres in the particle outline.
In step 1, the explosive particles can be HMX particles, RDX particles, NTO particles and the like.
In step 2, the three-dimensional drawing software is Unigraphics NX software.
In step 3, the DEM software adopts PFC3DAnd (3) software.
In step 4, the Bubble Pack Method calculation process comprises:
(1) adding top bubbles;
(2) adding bubbles on the edges;
(3) air bubbles on the adding surface
(4) A triangular mesh is generated.
Example 1:
step 1, taking HMX as an example. Randomly selecting three particles, taking pictures of two-dimensional shapes of the HMX particles at three angles by using a scanning electron microscope, and extracting particle characteristic information from a two-dimensional image, wherein the information comprises the length, width, height, perimeter, area and the like of the particles, and the picture is shown in figure 1;
step 2, reconstructing the shape of the HMX particles in three-dimensional drawing software Unigraphics NX according to the three-dimensional shape information of the HMX particles, and exporting STL files;
step 3, importing the STL file into DEM software, as shown in FIG. 3; the introduced initial surface mesh has poor quality and large length-diameter ratio, the mesh optimization needs to be carried out on the introduced initial surface mesh, and the surface mesh optimization is realized by an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) method to generate a triangular surface mesh, as shown in FIG. 4;
step 4, volume meshing, namely, on the basis of the step 3, carrying out tetrahedral meshing according to a Bubble Pack Method algorithm, as shown in fig. 5;
and 5, adjusting parameters rho and phi by utilizing a column block automatic generation technology of DEM software, wherein the adjusting process is shown in FIG. 6. Finally, according to the requirements of computer computing power and computing precision, selecting p to be 0.3 and phi to be 160 degrees, and generating the column for computing the HMX particle bulk density, as shown in FIG. 7.
According to the invention, the three-dimensional model of the explosive particles is created by utilizing the shape characteristics of the particles, so that the real states of the particle shapes and the size distribution can be fully reflected, and an important support can be provided for mesoscopic simulation research of explosive impact initiation and non-impact ignition.
Example 2:
step 1, taking RDX as an example. Scanning electron microscopy is used for shooting two-dimensional shapes of the RDX particles at three angles, and particle characteristic information including information such as particle length, width, height, perimeter, area and the like is extracted from the two-dimensional images, as shown in FIG. 8;
step 2, reconstructing the particle shape in three-dimensional drawing software Unigraphics NX according to the RDX three-dimensional shape information, and exporting an STL file;
step 3, importing the STL file into DEM software, wherein the imported initial surface mesh has poor quality and large length-diameter ratio, mesh optimization needs to be carried out on the initial surface mesh, and the surface mesh optimization is realized by an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) method to generate a triangular surface mesh;
step 4, dividing volume meshes, and on the basis of the step 3, carrying out tetrahedral mesh division according to a Bubble Pack Method algorithm;
and 5, adjusting parameters rho and phi by utilizing a column block automatic generation technology of DEM software, wherein the adjusting process is shown in FIG. 6. Finally, according to the requirements of computer computing power and computing precision, selecting p to be 0.35 and phi to be 145 degrees, and generating the column for calculating the RDX particle packing density, as shown in FIG. 9.
According to the invention, the three-dimensional model of the explosive particles is created by utilizing the shape characteristics of the particles, so that the real states of the particle shapes and the size distribution can be fully reflected, and an important support can be provided for mesoscopic simulation research of explosive impact initiation and non-impact ignition.
The working principle of the non-spherical particle explosive three-dimensional shape modeling method is as follows:
a three-dimensional shape modeling method for non-spherical granular explosives adopts a discrete element method, and a series of mutually overlapped small balls are piled up to form an irregular shape of a three-dimensional block body by adjusting the radius ratio and the filling density of the filling balls, and finally the outer contour of each small ball represents the three-dimensional shape of the explosive granules. The method can fully reflect the real state of the shape and the size of the particles, and provides an important support for the mesoscopic simulation research of explosive impact initiation and non-impact ignition.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be made by those skilled in the art without inventive work within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A three-dimensional shape modeling method for non-spherical granular explosives is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, extracting three-dimensional shape information: shooting two-dimensional shapes of explosive particles at three angles by using a scanning electron microscope, and marking three-dimensional shape information of the particles;
step 2, granule shape STL file: reconstructing the shape of the explosive particles in three-dimensional drawing software according to the three-dimensional shape information of the explosive particles obtained in the step 1, and deriving an STL file;
step 3, dividing a surface grid: importing the STL file obtained in the step (2) into DEM software, completing the input of initial grid information by the STL file through extracting relevant coordinate node data, and thinning and coarsening the grid by adopting an atomic force microscope method to generate a triangular surface grid;
step 4, body grid division: performing tetrahedral mesh division on the triangular surface mesh generated in the step 3 according to a Bubble Pack Method algorithm;
step 5, generating an explosive particle three-dimensional column block: and (4) creating internal small balls in the tetrahedral mesh divided in the step (4) by utilizing a column block automatic generation technology of DEM software and generating explosive particle three-dimensional column blocks.
2. The method for modeling the three-dimensional shape of a non-spherical particulate explosive according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the explosive particles can be HMX particles, RDX particles, and NTO particles.
3. The method for modeling the three-dimensional shape of a non-spherical granular explosive according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the three-dimensional drawing software is Unigraphics NX software.
4. The method for modeling the three-dimensional shape of an aspherical granular explosive according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the DEM software adopts PFC3DAnd (3) software.
5. The Method for modeling the three-dimensional shape of a non-spherical granular explosive according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the Bubble Pack Method calculation process comprises the following steps:
(1) adding top bubbles;
(2) adding bubbles on the edges;
(3) air bubbles on the adding surface
(4) A triangular mesh is generated.
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