CN114461162A - LCD control method based on MCU chip - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of integrated circuits, in particular to an LCD control method based on an MCU chip, which comprises the following steps: the CPU carries out drawing operation to obtain a task image; the LCD controller generates a trigger signal and sends the trigger signal to the task scheduling module; the timer generates an event trigger signal according to a timing period; the task scheduling module executes a corresponding channel task according to the trigger signal and the event trigger signal and generates a channel task completion signal; the LCD controller sends the task image drawn by the CPU to the LCD according to the completed channel task and the set mode parameters; the MCU chip provided by the invention has high compatibility and expansibility, and can be suitable for various and abundant LCD interfaces.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of integrated circuits, in particular to an LCD control method based on an MCU chip.
Background
With the development of technology, more and more electronic products adopt an LCD (liquid crystal display) as a human-computer interaction interface, such as intelligent home appliances, intelligent watches, and the like; the content displayed by these LCDs is typically generated by the MCU and transmitted to the LCD through a specific interface. The interface types of the LCD include MCU, RGB, SPI, MIPI, LVDS, etc., and even if the LCD belongs to the same type of interface, different driver manufacturers, and LCDs with different screen sizes may have many differences in details; therefore, for the MCU chip, it is difficult to be compatible with all the existing interfaces, and a new interface appearing later cannot be foreseen, so that the compatibility of the MCU chip with the LCD interface is always a difficult point in the design.
The existing MCU chip suitable for LCD display usually comprises a special LCD controller, supports a common LCD interface, can utilize the automatic carrying function of DMA, and can complete the transmission operation without excessive participation of a processor. If the interface is not directly compatible with the LCD controller, the MCU chip usually adopts an IO simulation method for adaptation, namely, the processor configures the chip IO in real time according to the interface time sequence, and the transmission is completed by turning over the simulation interface time sequence through the IO. IO simulation often includes more delay operation, can occupy processor resource for a long time, has influenced the drawing computational power of processor, has reduced LCD's display experience, simultaneously because the processor is working all the time during IO simulation, has also increased total system power consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an LCD control method based on an MCU chip, wherein the MCU chip comprises: the system comprises a timer, a CPU, a task scheduling module and an LCD controller, wherein the timer, the CPU, the task scheduling module and the LCD controller are connected through a bus to realize communication among the modules; the LCD control method based on the MCU chip comprises the following steps:
the timer sets different timing periods according to the task events, the LCD controller sets mode parameters, and the task scheduling module sets channel tasks;
the LCD controller of the MCU chip is externally connected with the LCD, and the CPU performs drawing operation to obtain a task image; the timer generates a trigger signal according to a set timing period and sends the trigger signal to the task scheduling module;
the task scheduling module comprises a plurality of channels, executes corresponding channel tasks according to trigger signals generated by the LCD controller, the timer and the task scheduling module, the executed channel tasks comprise reading, calculating and writing back operations on bus addresses, and trigger signals corresponding to the completion of the channel tasks are generated after the channel tasks are completed;
the LCD controller is controlled by the task scheduling module, sends instructions and task image data to the LCD according to the set mode parameters, generates trigger signals and sends the trigger signals to the task scheduling module.
Preferably, the timer sets different timing periods according to the task event, including an image to-be-transmitted event period T1, an image transmission event period T2, and an image transmission completion event period T3; when the counter finishes T1 every time, the task scheduling module is triggered to send a task of a command CMD1 before the frame; when the counter finishes T2 every time, the task scheduling module is triggered to send a task of a command CMD2 in the frame; after the counter finishes T3 every time, the task scheduling module sends a task of command CMD3 after the frame.
Preferably, the LCD controller sets mode parameters including signal frequency, signal level polarity, signal bit width, and data format.
Preferably, the MCU chip is also externally connected with a synchronous dynamic random access memory SDRAM or a pseudo static random access memory PSRAM; the synchronous dynamic random access memory or the pseudo static random access memory is used for storing task images generated by the CPU executing drawing operation.
Further, the synchronous dynamic random access memory stores the task images in a manner of closely arranging the task images from a first line of images to a last line of images, wherein each line of data is closely arranged from a first pixel to a last pixel.
Preferably, the task scheduling module at least comprises 5 channels, and each channel independently responds to the event trigger signal; the operations performed by each lane include bitwise AND, bitwise OR, bitwise XOR, and addition.
Further, the channel tasks executed by the 5 channels include:
after the channel task executed by the channel 1 receives an event trigger signal of the timer, the channel 1 reads a CMD1 command sending register of the LCD controller, carries out bitwise OR operation and writes back, thereby starting the LCD controller to transmit a single command CMD1, and repeats for N1 times;
after the channel task executed by the channel 2 receives the event trigger signal of the timer, the channel 2 reads a CMD2 command sending register of the LCD controller, carries out bitwise OR operation and writes back, thereby starting the LCD controller to transmit a single command CMD2, and repeats for N2 times;
after the channel task executed by the channel 3 is to receive the event trigger signal which is sent by the channel 2 and is finished, the channel 3 reads a data sending register of the LCD controller, carries out bitwise OR operation and writes back, and accordingly starts the LCD controller to send single-line data;
after the channel task executed by the channel 4 is sent to the channel 3, the channel 4 reads a data initial address register of the LCD, and performs addition operation and write-back, so that the initial position of single-line data of the LCD controller is changed;
after the channel task executed by the channel 5 receives the event trigger signal of the timer, the channel 5 reads the CMD3 command sending register of the LCD controller, performs bit-wise or operation and writes back, thereby starting the LCD controller to send CMD3, and repeats N3 times.
Preferably, the process of the LCD controller transmitting the task image to the LCD includes: the LCD controller repeatedly sends N1 pre-frame commands CMD1 to the LCD; the LCD controller sends the task image to the LCD; after the task image is sent, the LCD controller repeatedly sends an instruction after N3 times of frames, and the task image sending process is completed.
Further, the LCD controller transmitting the task image to the LCD includes repeatedly transmitting the task image N2 times, each time the task image includes an instruction in a frame and image data for each line.
To achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, where the computer program is executed by a processor to implement any one of the above LCD control methods based on the MCU chip.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides an LCD control device based on the MCU chip, which includes a processor and a memory; the memory is used for storing a computer program; the processor is connected with the memory and is used for executing the computer program stored in the memory so as to enable the LCD control device based on the MCU chip to execute any one of the LCD control methods based on the MCU chip.
Has the advantages that:
the MCU chip provided by the invention has high compatibility and expansibility, can be suitable for various abundant LCD interfaces, is compatible with the existing common LCD interface types and various varieties, and can support the further evolution of the future LCD interface protocol. The LCD controller, the task scheduling module and the timer in the MCU chip are hardware modules independent of the processor, complete transmission process can be completed independent of the processor, on one hand, the drawing calculation force of the processor is not influenced, smooth and smooth image display is guaranteed, and on the other hand, power consumption is also reduced. The task scheduling module and the timer in the MCU chip can be used for LCD display and can also be multiplexed into other tasks of the MCU, and meanwhile, the LCD module only needs to support basic function unit transmission, so that the complexity is reduced, and the chip area and the cost are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a specific embodiment of a scheme of using an MCU chip for LCD display according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a timing diagram of an LCD interface of the MCU chip of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a method for configuring an LCD interface according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
An LCD control method based on an MCU chip, wherein the MCU chip comprises: the system comprises a timer, a CPU, a task scheduling module and an LCD controller, wherein the timer, the CPU, the task scheduling module and the LCD controller are connected through a bus to realize communication among the modules; the LCD control method based on the MCU chip comprises the following steps:
the timer sets different timing periods according to the task events, the LCD controller sets mode parameters, and the task scheduling module sets channel tasks;
the LCD controller of the MCU chip is externally connected with the LCD, and the CPU performs drawing operation to obtain a task image; the timer generates a trigger signal according to a set timing period and sends the trigger signal to the task scheduling module;
the task scheduling module comprises a plurality of channels, executes corresponding channel tasks according to trigger signals generated by the LCD controller, the timer and the task scheduling module, the executed channel tasks comprise reading, calculating and writing back operations on bus addresses, and trigger signals corresponding to the completion of the channel tasks are generated after the channel tasks are completed;
the LCD controller is controlled by the task scheduling module, sends instructions and task image data to the LCD according to the set mode parameters, generates trigger signals and sends the trigger signals to the task scheduling module.
The MCU chip provided by the invention comprises an LCD controller, a task scheduling module and a timer; the LCD controller is connected with an LCD outside the chip, completes transmission of a basic function unit of a common LCD interface through configuration modes and parameters, and generates event triggering after the transmission of the basic function unit is completed; the task scheduling module can complete preset bus address reading, operation and write-back tasks based on event triggering of various peripheral devices in the MCU, and realizes combined transmission of basic function units of the LCD interface; the timer is based on a hardware counter that generates an event trigger when the count reaches a certain value.
The CPU is responsible for overall scheduling and drawing operation, and the bus is used for connecting the CPU and all the peripheral equipment. The CPU and the task scheduling module can change the mode and parameters of the peripheral equipment by accessing the peripheral register mounted on the bus and can control the peripheral equipment to work.
The LCD controller can interact with the off-chip LCD through an LCD interface. The LCD controller of the invention supports various common interface types, has basic configuration options and can complete the transmission of the basic function units of the common LCD interface. The LCD interface types include MCU, RGB, SPI, MIPI, LVDS, etc. Different interface types use different signal line level standards and different numbers of wires. The LCD with the same interface type has differences in the specific content and timing transmitted on the signal lines. For example, in the SPI interface, a signal line for transmitting a command may be completely independent from a signal line for transmitting data, or the same line may be multiplexed; delays of different lengths may be required between sending the instruction and transmitting the data; the interfaces support the continuous transmission of each row of data in the image, and some interfaces also need to transmit instructions between the transmission of each row of data. The basic functional units realized by the LCD controller comprise single-stroke instruction transmission, single-pixel data transmission, single-row data transmission, single-frame data transmission and the like. By accessing the registers of the LCD controller, the LCD controller can be enabled to perform the transfer of the basic functional units.
The registers of the LCD controller can configure the parameters in each mode including signal frequency, signal level polarity, signal bit width, data format, etc. for adapting to several variations in each interface type. After the LCD controller completes the transmission of the basic function unit, an interrupt can be generated to inform the CPU, or an event trigger signal can be generated to inform the task scheduling module.
The task scheduling module comprises a plurality of channels, and each channel can independently respond to event triggering, complete preset bus address reading, operation and write back tasks. The events mainly responded by the task scheduling module in fig. 1 include the completion of the transmission of the basic functional unit of the LCD controller, the completion of the timing of the timer, the completion of the task of the channel of the task scheduling module, and the like. After the event is triggered, the corresponding channel task is started; firstly, reading a preset bus address, such as an LCD controller instruction sending register, an LCD controller data starting address register, a timer time period register and the like, then performing operation, finally writing back the bus address, and simultaneously generating an event trigger signal for completing a channel task. The types of operations that the task scheduling module can perform include bitwise and, bitwise or, bitwise xor, addition, and the like. And the instruction sending register of the LCD controller is bitwise or, so that the single instruction transmission of the LCD can be started. The contents of each data transfer by the LCD controller can be changed by adding the LCD controller data start address register. The task scheduling module may also set the number of repetitions of each channel task, and when the channel is triggered several times, the task ends and generates an event trigger signal that interrupts or completes the channel repetition task. Each channel of the task scheduling module combines basic function units configured by different parameters of the LCD controller according to the timing of the timer, and can complete a complex interface transmission process.
The timer is based on a hardware counter that generates an event trigger when the count reaches a certain value. The timer is used for meeting various delay requirements of the LCD interface.
And the SDRAM is used for storing the image drawn by the MCU. When image data is stored in SDRAM, it is common to arrange the images closely from the first row of images to the last row of images. Wherein each row of data is closely arranged from a first pixel to a last pixel. When the image format is RGB565, each pixel occupies 2 bytes. When the image format is ARGB8888, each pixel occupies 4 bytes. The SDRAM may also be replaced by a PSRAM with lower power consumption.
The LCD controller reads the image stored in the SDRAM, transmits the image to the LCD according to the configuration of the CPU and the task scheduling module and the requirement of the LCD interface, and displays the image by the LCD.
Fig. 2 is a timing diagram of an LCD interface suitable for the MCU chip provided in the present invention. The LCD interface type is SPI, 1 data line is occupied when transmitting instructions, 4 data lines are occupied when transmitting data, and the total number of lines of each frame of image is N2. The LCD interface has three stages for transmitting each frame of image. The first stage is used to signal the start of a frame, sending N1 frame previous commands CMD1 at time interval T1. The second phase is for frame body transmission, with the rows being transmitted in sequence at time interval T2, with each row first sending the command CMD2 in the frame and then the row. The third stage is used to inform the end of the frame, and sends N3 post-frame commands CMD3 at time interval T3.
Fig. 3 illustrates a configuration method of the MCU chip of the present invention when it is applied to the LCD interface of fig. 2. The LCD controller supports a transmission mode of 1 data line and a transmission mode of 4 data lines of the SPI interface, and can complete single-stroke instruction transmission and single-row data transmission. Before each frame transmission begins, the CPU is configured with an LCD controller and a task scheduling module in advance. During the frame transmission process, the CPU can draw or enter a low power consumption mode, and the CPU is not awakened until the frame transmission is finished. The functions of phase conversion and the like in each frame of image transmission are completed by the cooperation of a task scheduling module, a timer and an LCD controller.
The MCU chip depicted in fig. 3 uses a total of 5 task scheduling channels. Channel 1 is used for transmission of the first phase of the LCD interface, the trigger source is a timer, the timing period is T1, and the task is configured to start transmission of a single command CMD1 of the LCD controller, and the number of times of repetition is N1. Each time a timer timing completion event triggers, channel 1 reads the LCD's command issue register, performs a bitwise OR operation (bit position 1 of Send Enable) and writes back, thereby enabling the LCD controller to issue CMD 1.
The channels 2-4 are used for transmission of the second stage of the LCD interface. Wherein the channel 2 trigger source is a timer, the timing period is T2, and the task is configured to start the transmission of a single command CMD2 of the LCD controller, the number of times of repetition is N2. Each time a timer timing completion event triggers, channel 2 reads the LCD's command issue register, performs a bitwise OR operation (bit position 1 of Send Enable) and writes back, thereby enabling the LCD controller to issue CMD 2. Channel 3 trigger source is the event that channel 2 completes and the task is configured to initiate a single line data transmission by the LCD controller. Each time the channel 2 finishes sending, the channel 3 reads the data send register of the LCD, performs a bitwise or operation (bit position 1 of send enable) and writes back, thereby enabling the LCD controller to send a single line of data. Channel 4 triggers an event that the source is channel 3 completed and the task is configured to increment the data start address. Each time the channel 3 finishes sending, the channel 4 reads the data start address register of the LCD, performs an addition operation (adding the number of bytes of each line of image) and writes back, thereby changing the start position of the single line data of the LCD controller. And each time the channels 2-4 execute one round of tasks, one line of data is sent to the LCD, and after the N2 rounds of tasks are executed, the data of the frame is completely sent.
The channel 5 is used for transmission of the third stage of the LCD interface, the trigger source is a timer, the timing period is T3, and the task is configured to start transmission of a single command CMD3 of the LCD controller, and the number of times of the transmission is N3. Each time a timer timing completion event triggers, channel 5 reads the LCD's command issue register, performs a bitwise OR operation (bit position 1 of Send Enable) and writes back, thereby enabling the LCD controller to issue CMD 3. After channel 5 has performed N3 tasks, the task ends and an interrupt is generated to notify the CPU that the frame was transmitted. And when the CPU needs to transmit the next frame, the task scheduling module is reconfigured to start the task.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the present invention further includes a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements any one of the above LCD control methods based on the MCU chip.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: all or part of the steps for implementing the above method embodiments may be performed by hardware associated with a computer program. The aforementioned computer program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. When executed, the program performs steps comprising the method embodiments described above; and the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic or optical disks.
An LCD control device based on an MCU chip comprises a processor and a memory; the memory is used for storing a computer program; the processor is connected with the memory and is used for executing the computer program stored in the memory so as to enable the LCD control device based on the MCU chip to execute any one of the LCD control methods based on the MCU chip.
Specifically, the memory includes: various media that can store program codes, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disk, U-disk, memory card, or optical disk.
Preferably, the Processor may be a general-purpose Processor, including a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Network Processor (NP), and the like; the Integrated Circuit may also be a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other Programmable logic device, discrete Gate or transistor logic device, or discrete hardware components.
The above-mentioned embodiments, which further illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An LCD control method based on an MCU chip is characterized in that the MCU chip comprises: the system comprises a timer, a CPU, a task scheduling module and an LCD controller, wherein the timer, the CPU, the task scheduling module and the LCD controller are connected through a bus to realize communication among the modules; the LCD control method based on the MCU chip comprises the following steps:
the timer sets different timing periods according to the task events, the LCD controller sets mode parameters, and the task scheduling module sets channel tasks;
the LCD controller of the MCU chip is externally connected with the LCD, and the CPU performs drawing operation to obtain a task image; the timer generates a trigger signal according to a set timing period and sends the trigger signal to the task scheduling module;
the task scheduling module comprises a plurality of channels, executes corresponding channel tasks according to trigger signals generated by the LCD controller, the timer and the task scheduling module, the executed channel tasks comprise reading, calculating and writing back operations on bus addresses, and trigger signals corresponding to the completion of the channel tasks are generated after the channel tasks are completed;
the LCD controller is controlled by the task scheduling module, sends instructions and task image data to the LCD according to the set mode parameters, generates trigger signals and sends the trigger signals to the task scheduling module.
2. The MCU chip-based LCD control method of claim 1, wherein the timer sets different timing periods according to task events including an image transmission waiting event period T1, an image transmission event period T2 and an image transmission completion event period T3; when the counter finishes counting once T1, the task scheduling module is triggered to send a task of a command CMD1 before the frame; when the counter finishes counting once T2, the task scheduling module is triggered to send a task of a command CMD2 in the frame; after the counter finishes T3 every time, the task scheduling module sends a task of command CMD3 after the frame.
3. The MCU chip-based LCD control method of claim 1, wherein the LCD controller sets mode parameters including signal frequency, signal level polarity, signal bit width and data format.
4. The MCU chip-based LCD control method of claim 1, wherein the MCU chip is further externally connected with a Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM) or a Pseudo Static Random Access Memory (PSRAM); the synchronous dynamic random access memory or the pseudo static random access memory is used for storing task images generated by the CPU executing drawing operation.
5. The MCU chip-based LCD control method of claim 1, wherein the task scheduling module comprises at least 5 channels, each channel independently responding to an event trigger signal; the operations performed by each lane include bitwise AND, bitwise OR, bitwise XOR, and addition.
6. The MCU chip-based LCD control method of claim 5, wherein the channel tasks executed by 5 channels comprise:
after the channel task executed by the channel 1 receives an event trigger signal of the timer, the channel 1 reads a CMD1 command sending register of the LCD controller, carries out bitwise OR operation and writes back, thereby starting the LCD controller to transmit a single command CMD1, and repeats for N1 times;
after the channel task executed by the channel 2 receives the event trigger signal of the timer, the channel 2 reads a CMD2 command sending register of the LCD controller, carries out bitwise OR operation and writes back, thereby starting the LCD controller to transmit a single command CMD2, and repeats for N2 times;
after the channel task executed by the channel 3 is to receive the event trigger signal which is sent by the channel 2 and is finished, the channel 3 reads a data sending register of the LCD controller, carries out bitwise OR operation and writes back, and accordingly starts the LCD controller to send single-line data;
after the channel task executed by the channel 4 is sent to the channel 3, the channel 4 reads a data initial address register of the LCD, and performs addition operation and write-back, so that the initial position of single-line data of the LCD controller is changed;
after the channel task executed by the channel 5 receives the event trigger signal of the timer, the channel 5 reads the CMD3 command sending register of the LCD controller, performs bit-wise or operation and writes back, thereby starting the LCD controller to send CMD3, and repeats N3 times.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the process of the LCD controller sending the task image to the LCD comprises: the LCD controller repeatedly sends N1 pre-frame commands CMD1 to the LCD; the LCD controller sends the task image to the LCD; after the task image is sent, the LCD controller repeatedly sends an instruction after N3 times of frames, and the task image sending process is completed.
8. The MCU chip-based LCD control method of claim 7, wherein the LCD controller sending task images to the LCD comprises repeatedly sending N2 task images, each time the task image is sent comprising an instruction in a frame and image data for each line.
9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the MCU chip based LCD control method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. An LCD control device based on an MCU chip is characterized by comprising a processor and a memory; the memory is used for storing a computer program; the processor is connected with the memory and used for executing the computer program stored in the memory so as to enable the LCD control device based on the MCU chip to execute the LCD control method based on the MCU chip in any one of claims 1 to 8.
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