CN114460261A - Simulation method for dynamic operation dust-rising rule - Google Patents
Simulation method for dynamic operation dust-rising rule Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for simulating a dynamic operation dust-rising rule, which comprises the following steps: acquiring coal particle size distribution data and natural water content of a coal sample; acquiring the representative coal type and the natural water content of the representative coal type based on the coal particle size distribution data; acquiring a dynamic dusting operation working condition, and acquiring a dusting amount wind tunnel test working condition based on the representative coal type, the moisture content of the representative coal type and the dynamic dusting operation working condition; and acquiring a dynamic operation dust-raising rule model based on the dust-raising quantity wind tunnel test working condition, and completing the simulation of the dynamic operation dust-raising rule. By the simulation method, dynamic dust-raising rule data are obtained, scientific basis and technical support can be provided for future atmospheric pollution discharge accounting work, and meanwhile, a solution can be provided for dust suppression work of coal ports of the same type.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of atmospheric dust pollution prevention and control and environmental protection, and particularly relates to a method for simulating a dynamic operation dust rising rule.
Background
China's port atmosphere Total Suspended particulate matters (TSP) generally exceed standard, port dust source distribution is complex, dust generation mainly comes from loading, unloading, stacking and transporting links of bulk cargos, and dust generation amounts respectively account for 35%, 50% and 15% of the Total dust source amount. The open-air operation mode determines that the main dust production links of coal dust storage, loading and unloading, transmission and the like are completed in an open-air storage yard. Under the action of dynamic loading and unloading of a stacker-reclaimer in a storage yard, a large amount of dust is released, which not only directly results in hundreds of millions of raw material losses, but also causes serious air pollution.
In the stockpiling, loading and unloading production operation of granular coal, the raising and diffusion of granules are inevitable processes. Under the action of a certain wind speed, the environment quality of the atmosphere around the operation area can be influenced by the dust generated in the dynamic loading and unloading process, and the atmosphere quality of the surrounding living area can be influenced under severe conditions. Therefore, it is very urgent to research the dust-raising rule in the coal loading and unloading process by using the wind tunnel test and provide basic data for the dust control of the port.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for simulating a dynamic operation dust-rising rule, dynamic dust-rising rule data are obtained, scientific basis and technical support are provided for future atmospheric pollution discharge accounting work, and meanwhile, a solution is provided for the dust suppression work of the same type of coal ports.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for simulating a dynamic operation dust-rising rule, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring coal particle size distribution data and natural water content of a coal sample;
acquiring the representative coal type and the natural water content of the representative coal type based on the coal particle size distribution data;
acquiring a dynamic dusting operation working condition, and acquiring a dusting amount wind tunnel test working condition based on the representative coal type, the moisture content of the representative coal type and the dynamic dusting operation working condition;
and acquiring a dynamic operation dust-raising rule model based on the dust-raising quantity wind tunnel test working condition, and completing the simulation of the dynamic operation dust-raising rule.
Optionally, the manner of obtaining the representative coal type is: and carrying out cluster analysis on the coal particle size distribution data to obtain the representative coal type.
Optionally, the dynamic dusting operation condition includes: stacking working conditions, taking working conditions and overturning working conditions;
the stacking working condition is a dust production working condition when the stacker and the ship loader work;
the material taking working condition is a dust production working condition in the material taking operation process in a storage yard;
the dumping working condition is a dust producing working condition of the dumping machine.
Optionally, the dust-collecting wind tunnel test working condition includes: different moisture content test working conditions, representative coal type test working conditions, dynamic dusting operation test working conditions and different wind speed test working conditions;
the different moisture content test working conditions comprise: a natural moisture content test working condition and a natural humidifying moisture content test working condition;
the dynamic dusting operation test working condition comprises: stacking test working conditions, material taking test working conditions and overturning test working conditions.
Optionally, the dynamic work dust-out law model includes: a windtunnel test model for stacking operation, a windtunnel test model for taking operation and a windtunnel test model for dumping operation;
the windtunnel test model for the stacking operation is as follows: simplifying the stockpile into a funnel with a hole at the lower part according to a preset proportion, and fixing a coal stockpile-shaped model at the lower part of a blanking port;
the material taking operation wind tunnel test model is as follows: according to a preset proportion, carrying out geometric simulation on a bucket wheel machine head of the reclaimer, wherein the bucket wheel machine head is fixed on a base through a spiral sliding rod, the bucket wheel machine head not only realizes self rotation, but also integrally and stably moves forward through the spiral sliding rod, and the reclaimer is simulated to move on a working surface;
the rollover operation wind tunnel test model comprises: the tipper model, the tipper room model and the pit model are obtained by simplifying according to a preset proportion based on the tipper, the tipper room and the pit prototype conditions.
Optionally, the testing step of the windtunnel test model for the windtunnel operation includes:
cleaning the wind tunnel;
configuring a coal sample based on the representative coal type;
m for weighing model bracket, auxiliary object and modelf0Taking a preset weight Mc0Placing the prepared coal sample into a stacker model;
starting a fan based on the different wind speed test working conditions, and removing a bottom plate of the funnel to realize a coal sample stacking operation simulation test;
weighing the tested model bracket, the auxiliary material, the model and the total weight M of coal0Calculating the dust amount d of the stacking operatione0=Mc0+Mf0-M0；
And repeating the steps according to the representative coal type test working condition and the different water content test working conditions.
Optionally, the test step of the material taking operation wind tunnel test model includes:
cleaning the wind tunnel;
configuring a coal sample based on the representative coal type;
m for carrying out bucket wheel model and auxiliary weighingf1Taking a preset weight Mc1Piling the prepared coal sample into a coal pile, and placing a bucket wheel machine model in the coal pile;
starting a fan based on the different wind speed test working conditions, and rotating a bucket wheel machine at the same angular speed according to the prototype to perform a material taking operation simulation test;
weighing the tested auxiliary materials, the tested model and the total weight M of coal1Calculating the dust amount de1=Mc1+Mf1-M1；
Taking the same preset weight Mc1Stacking the configured coal samples into a coal pile, placing a bucket wheel machine model into the coal pile, starting a fan based on the different wind speed test working conditions, and carrying out a material taking operation simulation test without rotating the bucket wheel machine;
weighing the tested auxiliary materials, the tested model and the total weight M of coal2Calculating the dust amount de2=Mc1+Mf1-M2And then the dust collecting amount d of the material taking operatione3=de1-de2；
And repeating the steps according to the representative coal type test working condition and the different water content test working conditions.
Optionally, the test step of the rollover operation wind tunnel test model includes:
cleaning the wind tunnel;
configuring a coal sample based on the representative coal type;
respectively weighing the tipper room model, the tipper model and the pit model, and calculating the total weight M of the three modelsf2；
The prepared coal sample is loaded into a tipper model to be strickled and weighed, and the weight M of the loaded coal sample is obtainedc2(ii) a Corresponding the tipper to the original positionPlacing the pit model and the rollover machine room model inside, and sealing the corresponding interfaces of the rollover machine room model and the pit model;
starting a fan based on the different wind speed test working conditions, controlling a long shaft of the tippler to rotate, and realizing a tippler operation simulation test;
after the sealing material is removed, the total weight M of the residual coal in the model and the pit model after the test is weighed3Calculating the dust amount d of the turnover operatione4=Mc2+Mf2-M3；
And repeating the steps according to the representative coal type test working condition and the different water content test working conditions.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and technical effects:
firstly, acquiring coal particle size distribution data and water content of a coal sample; particle size distribution and water content characteristic analysis is carried out on coal samples, and data support is provided for the subsequent dust rising wind tunnel test and representative coal selection; determining a dynamic dusting operation working condition in the loading and unloading operation process of the coal pile through technological carding, establishing a dynamic operation dusting rule model according to the dynamic dusting operation working condition, the particle size distribution and the water content characteristic analysis of the coal sample, and analyzing a dusting rule in the dynamic dusting operation working condition according to the dynamic operation dusting rule model to obtain dynamic dusting rule data. The method provides scientific basis and technical support for future atmospheric pollution discharge accounting work, and can provide a solution for dust suppression work of coal ports of the same type.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for simulating a dynamic operation dust-out rule according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the dust emission amount of the stacking operation of different types of pulverized coals under the natural moisture content state according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of dust emission in stacking operation of different types of pulverized coals under different water content states according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the dust emission amount of different types of pulverized coal in the material taking operation under the natural water content state according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the dust emission of the material taking operation of different types of pulverized coals under different water content states according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the dust emission amount of the turnover operation of different types of pulverized coals under the natural moisture content state according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the dust amount of the different types of pulverized coals during the turnover operation under the different water content states in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
It should be noted that the steps illustrated in the flowcharts of the figures may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions and that, although a logical order is illustrated in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps illustrated or described may be performed in an order different than presented herein.
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment provides a method for simulating a dust-out rule of dynamic operation, including the following steps:
s1, obtaining coal particle size distribution data and natural water content of a coal sample;
in this embodiment, shenhua yellow-Ye harbor is taken as an example, and shenhua yellow-Ye harbor is located in yellow-Ye City of Hebei province, is the second coal launching harbor in China at present, is formally started and constructed in 12 and 25 months in 1997, and is put into operation at the end of 2001. The coal throughput is over 1 hundred million tons in 2012, and 2 hundred million tons in 2017 are broken through for the first time, so that the throughput of 2.02 million tons is completed. 21 Shenhua yellow Ye harbor typical harbor coal samples are collected, and 8 primary particle size ranges of the coal samples are analyzed, so that the dust content ratios in the particle size ranges of 500-.
And (3) carrying out a particle size screening test on the collected to-be-detected sample by adopting a sound wave vibration type full-automatic screening particle sizer system, and measuring the particle size distribution of the sample. The instrument combines a microcomputer, an electronic balance, a full-automatic sieving particle size instrument and particle size data processing software to perform particle size analysis, and has the advantages of high analysis precision, high speed and convenient operation. The electronic balance is in data communication with the computer through an RS-232 serial interface, the weight of each level of sieve is sent to the computer one by one, after the sieve is vibrated, the sieve weight with the sample is sent to the computer, then the computer directly calculates the particle size data, and draws an accumulative percentage distribution curve, a probability accumulative percentage distribution curve and a frequency histogram.
The particle size distribution data of each coal is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
In general, the dust having a particle size of 1000 μm or less accounts for about 74% of the average value in each coal sample. Wherein, the coal sample 'itai 3' has dust less than 1000 μm accounting for the maximum proportion of total sieved sample, which is about 92.61%; coal samples "outsourced 1" dust below 1000 μm accounted for the smallest proportion of the total screened sample, about 26.37%.
The smaller the particle size of the coal dust is, the easier the coal dust is to fly and spread under wind power and operating conditions. The data of the dust ratio below 125 μm of each coal sample shows that the dust ratio below 125 μm of the "outsourcing carbon 2" of the coal sample to the total mass of the screened sample is the largest and reaches 17.68%, while the dust ratio below 125 μm of the "stone coal 8" of the coal sample to the total mass of the screened sample is the smallest and only reaches 0.72%. According to the particle size distribution characteristics of the coal samples, the coal samples which are easy to dust and diffuse mainly comprise 'outsourcing carbon 2', 'outsourcing carbon 1', 'accurate 5', 'fine block 2', 'Yitai 3', 'low ash' and the like, and the coal samples which are not easy to dust and diffuse mainly comprise 'stone charcoal 8', 'Shen-MIng 3', 'outsourcing 1', 'Shen-MIng 5000' and the like.
Clustering analysis is carried out on the particle size distribution data of each coal by using clustering analysis software, and clustering analysis results show that 21 typical coals can be clustered into three groups.
According to the particle size distribution cluster analysis result and the actual operation condition of the port, the yellow Ye port coal is roughly divided into three categories, represented by Shenyou, outsourcing and low-ash coals respectively, and the coal types represented by the three coal types are shown in Table 2 in detail. The types of coal represented by Shenyou and outsourcing are mainly coarse particles, and the types of coal represented by low ash are mainly fine particles. In the embodiment, three typical coals of Shenyou, Low Ash and outsourcing are selected for wind tunnel test research.
TABLE 2
Improving the water content of coal materials is an important technical means for reducing coal dust pollution, and analyzing the water content characteristics of different coal types is a precondition for mastering the coal basic dusting characteristics and developing a wind tunnel test. In the embodiment, for better describing the change rule of the dust potential of the coal material in the actual environment, on the basis of the coal particle size screening clustering analysis result, the field monitoring analysis of the water content on the surface of the coal is carried out, and the water content analysis of 15 coal samples is completed.
In the embodiment, the measurement of the water content of the coal is strictly carried out according to relevant specified operations of external water content in GB/T2112017 method for measuring total water in coal.
The instruments and tools used include: the wind speed and direction recorder, the hygrothermograph, the ten-thousandth balance and the drying box; sampling shovel (with scale), sealing bag, label paper, cellular insulation can, sampling shovel, crucible, number plate, marker pen, rubber gloves, heat insulation gloves.
in the formula:M i water content of coal sample,%; m, the mass of the weighed 13mm sample, g;m 1 mass loss after drying of the sample, g.
During the field monitoring, the average air temperature is 15-21 ℃, and the average air speed in a storage yard is 1.5-3.5 m/s. The results of the in situ analysis of the initial surface water content of each coal are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3
The analysis results of 15 coal samples tested by the water content of the on-site coal stockpiling show that the initial water content of 3 coal samples is less than 6 percent, namely Jianyou 2, stone charcoal 7 and outsourcing charcoal 3; the initial water content of 5 coal samples is 6-8%, and the initial water content is Shenmix 3, low ash 2, Jianyou 1, Standard 5 and Shenyou 2; the initial water content of 6 coal samples is more than 8%, and the initial water content is respectively 1% of low ash, 2% of fine blocks, 2% of magical mix, 4% of fine blocks, 1% of outsourcing, 1% of magical mix and 3% of low ash.
S2, acquiring the representative coal type and the natural water content of the representative coal type based on the coal particle size distribution data;
in the embodiment, particle size distribution characteristic analysis is completed on 21 Shenhua yellow Ye hong typical hong Kong coal samples, and scientific clustering is performed on coal types according to particle size distribution data. The distribution characteristics of the coal particle size show that the yellow Ye Hongkong coal can be roughly divided into three categories, represented by Shenyou, outsourcing and low-ash coals. During the field monitoring period, the natural water content of coal is 2.5% -16.3%, three types of Shenyou, outsourcing and low ash are selected as coal samples used in the wind tunnel test in order to ensure the representativeness of the subsequent wind tunnel test, and the water content of the coal samples is preferably selected or set to be within the range of the field monitoring water content.
S3, acquiring a dynamic dust-raising operation working condition, and acquiring a dust-raising quantity wind tunnel test working condition based on the representative coal type, the water content of the representative coal type and the dynamic dust-raising operation working condition;
the dynamic dust-raising operation working conditions comprise: stacking working conditions, material taking working conditions and overturning working conditions; the stacking working condition is a dust production working condition when the stacker and the ship loader work; the material taking working condition is a dust production working condition in the material taking operation process in a storage yard; the dumping working condition is a dust producing working condition of the dumping machine.
The dust-collecting capacity wind tunnel test working conditions comprise: different moisture content test working conditions, representative coal type test working conditions, dynamic dusting operation test working conditions and different wind speed test working conditions; the test working conditions of different water contents comprise: a natural moisture content test working condition and a natural humidifying moisture content test working condition; the dynamic dusting operation test working condition comprises: stacking test working conditions, material taking test working conditions and overturning test working conditions.
According to the relevant numerical simulation, wind tunnel test and relevant research foundation, the key control factors related to dust rise in the coal operation of Huang Ye harbor are primarily combed out and mainly comprise:
(1) material factors: water content, particle size (coal type);
(2) the process factors are as follows: dynamic operation;
(3) meteorological factors: wind speed;
the dust collection amount of the pulverized coal in the dynamic operation is related to the surface area of particulate matters exposed to the air in unit time and the operation fall (the time for the particulate matters to be maintained in the air). Wind speed is the crucial key control factor in meteorological factors. Other meteorological factors such as temperature, humidity, precipitation and the like mainly influence the volatilization rate of the coal moisture and further the moisture content of the coal. Because the water content is already used as a key control factor, other meteorological factors are not used as key control factors.
In the loading and unloading operation process of the coal pile, the storage yard taking materials, the storage yard stacking materials and the wharf loading are taken as main dust-raising nodes, and the working conditions of the loading and unloading operation simulation of the wind tunnel test in the embodiment are mainly as follows through technological carding: stacking (stocker, ship loader) simulation, material taking simulation and rollover simulation.
According to the key control factors and the screening results of the process flows, and the particle size and moisture content characteristic analysis conclusion of the main coal transported in Huang Ye harbor is combined, the combination of the research and test working conditions in the embodiment is carried out. The test conditions of this embodiment are shown in table 4, and mainly include:
(1) start wind speed test
(2) The normal working condition of the dust-generating wind tunnel test is as follows: different water contents (natural water content, natural humidifying water content), different coal types (super, outsourcing and low ash), different operation modes (stacking, material taking and turning over) and different wind speeds (3, 5, 7 and 9 m/s).
TABLE 4
And S4, acquiring a dynamic operation dust-raising rule model based on the dust-raising quantity wind tunnel test working condition, and completing the simulation of the dynamic operation dust-raising rule.
In this embodiment, a wind tunnel laboratory is equipped with nearly hundreds sets of advanced wind tunnel test instrument devices such as an electronic pressure scanning valve, a wind tunnel force measuring balance, a three-dimensional pulsating wind speed measuring instrument, a laser displacement meter, an acceleration sensor, a dynamic signal analyzer, a wireless cable force test analysis system, a professional 3D forming machine, a vibration calibration excitation system, a Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) system, an artificial rainfall simulation system and the like.
The test model is manufactured aiming at stacking (shipment), material taking and overturning operations of the wind tunnel test to be carried out. The set dynamic operation dust-rise rule model comprises: a windtunnel test model for stacking operation, a windtunnel test model for taking operation and a windtunnel test model for dumping operation;
(1) windtunnel test model for stacking operation
For the stockpiling operation, the influence factor is mainly the operation fall, so the distance from the blanking port to the top of the stockpile is concerned and the coal generates dust due to the wind action of the height difference. Therefore, the appearance of the stacker can be ignored, the attention point is concentrated on the blanking port, the stacker model is simplified into a funnel with a hole in the lower part, and the coal pile model is fixed on the lower part of the blanking port so as to ensure the distance fall between the blanking port and the top of the coal pile. According to the capability of a test instrument and the size of a wind tunnel, the proportion (1: lambda) of the stockpiling operation test model is 1: 50. The ratio of the diameter of the blanking port to the diameter of the coal flow column of the prototype stacking is 1:50, and the ratio of the drop (4 cm) of the model to the drop (2 m) of the prototype stacking operation is 1: 50.
(2) Wind tunnel test model for material taking operation
The dust generated during the material taking operation is mainly caused by the disturbance of the bucket wheel of the material taking machine on the operation surface of the coal pile. Therefore, when the wind tunnel test simulation of the material taking operation is carried out, the whole material taking machine does not need to be simulated, and only the geometric similarity simulation of the bucket wheel machine head of the material taking machine needs to be carried out. The ratio of the material taking operation test model is 1: 50. The outer diameter of the head of the prototype bucket wheel is 9.6m, the diameter of the inner ring is 6.15 m, and 8-10 material taking hoppers are uniformly distributed. In the field stacker-reclaimer, the machine head is provided with more than 10 buckets, so the model in the embodiment adopts a 10 bucket form. Each hopper opening has a size of about 2m x 1.75m and a depth of about 1.75 m. The outer diameter of a machine head model of the test bucket wheel machine is 19.2cm, and the diameter of an inner ring is 12.3 cm. The 10 buckets are uniformly distributed in a circle, the opening of each bucket is 4cm by 3.5cm, and the depth of each bucket is 3.5 cm. The bucket wheel aircraft nose passes through the spiral litter to be fixed on the base, when testing, except that aircraft nose self can rotate, the aircraft nose can also be through the whole steady advance of spiral litter, and the material machine is removed at the working face in the simulation to can ensure to get the material in the testing process continuously.
Through field measurement, the rotation period of the machine head under the working state of the bucket wheel machine is about 10s on average, and the model adopts the same angular speed to carry out material taking operation.
(3) Wind tunnel test model for rollover operation
13 tippers exist in hong Ye harbor, wherein 1-9 tippers turn 2 trains once and 10-13 tippers turn 4 trains once. The turned train has three models, namely C64 (63 t), C70 (70 t) and C80 (80 t). 1-9 tippers each have a tipper room, the tipper room is 48 meters long and 54 meters wide. 10-13 the length of the turnover house is 100 m. The plugging of the car dumper room is planned to be completed in 2018, only the train inlet and the train outlet are reserved, and the opening area of the inlet and the outlet of each train position is 10x5 m.
The wind tunnel test model of the dumper room mainly comprises three parts, namely a dumper model, the dumper room and a pit model. According to the conditions of the tipper, the tipper room and the pit prototype, the method is simplified properly. And (3) manufacturing test models by adopting a large number of 1-9 tipper machines and the tipper machine room. Model ratio 1: 50. The tippler was simulated for the largest capacity C80 train. Two railway cars were simulated, each car model size being 7.6cm (high) 6.4cm (wide) 24cm (long). The outer centers of the two carriages are welded with shafts, and the two carriages of the train can be turned over simultaneously by rotating the long shaft.
The car dumper room is made of transparent acrylic so that the test condition can be observed from the top. And the size of the rollover machine room is determined according to the size of the prototype and the similarity ratio. The rollover machine room is 108cm (width) and 96cm (length) and 28cm (highest height), 3 holes are respectively formed in the simulated train inlet and outlet at the two ends, and the size of each hole is 20cm and 10 cm. The pit at the lower part has no obvious influence on the external dust, is properly simplified into a closed top box-free pit with the same size as the upper car dumping machine room. The height is the same as the height of the base of the tipper. During the test, after the tipper model is filled with coal, the three part models are respectively weighed, and then the tipper room model and the lower pit model are sealed to ensure that dust does not overflow from the joint. After the test was completed, the sealing material was removed and weighed.
Test protocol
(1) Windtunnel simulation test scheme for stacking operation
The windtunnel simulation test of the stacking operation is implemented by 6 steps which are respectively as follows:
1) cleaning the wind tunnel to reduce system interference and errors;
2) preparing a coal sample according to the requirement to ensure that the coal sample meets the requirement of water content;
3) m for weighing model bracket, auxiliary object and modelf0Taking a certain weight Mc0(6 kg for this test) the prepared coal sample was put into a stacker model;
4) based on different wind speed test working conditions, performing tests according to incoming flow wind speeds of U =3, 5 and 9m/s respectively; starting a fan to a test wind speed, drawing off a bottom plate of the funnel, and simulating the coal sample stacking operation;
5) weighing the tested model bracket, the auxiliary material, the model and the total weight M of coal0Calculating the dust amount de0=Mc0+Mf0-M0；
6) And repeating the steps according to different test coal types and water content requirements.
The dust-off mechanism of the stockpile is different from that of the standing coal pile, and is caused by that the coal powder in the vertical direction is directly impacted by airflow. The dusting amount of coal dust is related to the surface area of the particulate matter exposed to the air per unit time.
Is practical and convenient to define
The physical meaning is the percentage of the dust pick-up of the stockpile to the total stockpile. Assuming that the dust generation amount per unit area per unit time is consistent for the wind tunnel and the site (this assumption is approximately satisfied under the conditions that the pulverized coal prototype particles are used and the wind speed is the same as the site), de is related to the area of the coal flow column exposed to the air (the height of the discharged material, the diameter of the coal flow column), and Q is the total discharged material amount and is related to the discharged material volume. Since de/Q is a dimensionless quantity, the de/Q obtained by the experiment is applied to the prototype and needs to be converted.
I.e., the dusting rate of the on-site stockpile was only 1/50 in the experiment. This is because the dusting amount is related only to the surface area of the coal dust exposed to the air, not directly to the total volume of the coal dust.
(2) Material taking operation wind tunnel simulation test scheme
The operation wind tunnel simulation test is divided into 8 steps to be implemented, and the steps are as follows:
1) cleaning the wind tunnel to reduce system interference and errors;
2) preparing a coal sample according to the requirement to ensure that the coal sample meets the requirement of water content;
3) m for carrying out bucket wheel model and auxiliary weighingf1Taking a certain weight Mc1Stacking the coal sample into a coal pile, and placing a bucket wheel model in the coal pile;
4) based on different wind speed test working conditions, performing tests according to incoming flow wind speeds of U =3, 5 and 9m/s respectively; starting a fan to a test wind speed, rotating a bucket wheel machine at the same angular speed of a prototype to simulate material taking operation, wherein the test time is 5 minutes (300 s);
5) weighing the tested auxiliary materials, the tested model and the total weight M of coal1Calculating the dust amount de1=Mc0+Mf0-M1；
6) Taking the same weight Mc1Stacking the coal sample into a coal pile, placing a bucket wheel model into the coal pile, starting a fan to a test wind speed according to incoming flow wind speeds of U =3, 5 and 9m/s respectively, and not rotating a bucket wheel for 5 minutes (300 s);
7) weighing the tested auxiliary materials, the tested model and the total weight M of coal2Calculating the dust amount de2=Mc1+Mf1-M2(ii) a The dust amount d of the operatione3=de1-de2；
8) And repeating the steps according to different test coal types and water content requirements.
The concept of coal pile dust rise and windrow dust rise is continued, and the wind force is considered to be applied to the surface of coal dust particles in the air to transfer momentum to the coal dust so as to enable the coal dust particles to deviate from the orbit of a free falling body. That is, the dust amount of the material taking is related to the exposure area S of the pulverized coal in the air in the process of driving the pulverized coal by the bucket wheel machine. There is considerable complexity in estimating the coal dust exposure area S due to bucket-wheel selection. When a certain bucket in the bucket wheel leaves a coal pile, the hanging belt is inevitably scattered on the side edge, coal powder in the bucket also slips off in the rising process, and the most important dust generation occurs in the falling process of the coal in the bucket. For simplicity, it is assumed that the resulting effect of the bucket wheel is as if the coal dust fell freely onto the coal pile during loading, with the coal dust falling freely onto the belt conveyor from the highest height H of the bucket wheel by the lateral width W of the bucket wheel. This is a relatively simplified estimate of the mathematical model.
Is practical and convenient to define
For the material taking dust rise rate, the physical meaning is the percentage of the material taking dust rise amount in the total stacking amount. Assuming that the amount of dust generated per unit area per unit time is consistent between the wind tunnel and the site (this assumption is approximately satisfied under the conditions that the pulverized coal prototype particles are used and the wind speed is the same as the site.)
According to a similar scale, de is related to the area of the coal flow column exposed to the air (blanking height, bucket wheel lateral width), and Q is the total discharge amount and is related to the discharge volume. Since de/Q is a dimensionless quantity, the de/Q obtained by the experiment is applied to the prototype and needs to be converted.
I.e., the dusting rate for the on-site take off was only 1/50 in the experiment. This is because the dusting amount is related only to the surface area of the coal dust exposed to the air, not directly to the total volume of the coal dust.
In the test, an approximate calculation method is adopted for estimating the quantity Qm of the pulverized coal stirred by the bucket wheel, the rotating speed of the bucket wheel is 6r/min, and the volume of the small hopper is 49cm3Actually observing that the charging rate of each hopper is about 50 percent when each hopper rotates, and the estimated value of the stirring amount of the pulverized coal in 5 minutes of blowing erosion is
Or converted to a mass of about 4116g and a density of 0.56 g
103kg/m3And (6) taking.
The rated material taking capacity of the prototype material taking machine is 6000t/h, the maximum material taking capacity is 6700t/h, the theoretical material taking quantity of the 5-minute material taking machine model is 4000 g-4467 g calculated according to the similarity ratio (1: 50). The two methods estimate consistent material taking amount.
(3) Wind tunnel simulation test scheme for rollover operation
The rollover operation wind tunnel simulation test is implemented by 7 steps in total, which are respectively as follows:
1) cleaning the wind tunnel to reduce system interference and errors;
2) preparing a coal sample according to the requirement to ensure that the coal sample meets the requirement of water content;
3) respectively weighing the tipper room model, the tipper model and the pit model, and calculating the total weight M of the three modelsf2；
4) The prepared coal sample is loaded into a tipper model to be strickled and weighed, and the weight M of the loaded coal sample is obtainedc2(ii) a Placing the tipper in the pit model and the tipper room model according to the corresponding position of the prototype, and sealing the corresponding interface of the tipper room model and the pit model;
5) based on different wind speed test working conditions, performing tests according to incoming flow wind speeds of U =3, 5 and 9m/s respectively; starting a fan to a test wind speed, and controlling a long shaft of the tippler to rotate to realize the tippler operation simulation;
6) after the sealing material is removed, the total weight M of the residual coal in the model and the pit model after the test is weighed3Calculating the dust amount de4=Mc2+Mf2-M3；
7) And repeating the steps according to different test coal types and water content requirements.
The dust collection amount of the tippler operation is related to the exposure area S of coal powder in the air when the tippler stirs coal and falls off. The main dusting occurs during the fall of the coal in the tipper. For simplicity, it is assumed that the final effect of the tippler is the same as the free fall of coal powder onto the coal pile during loading, with the coal powder falling freely into the pit from the highest height H of the tippler by the lateral width W of the tippler. Is practical and convenient to define
The physical meaning of the turnover dust-collecting rate is the percentage of the turnover dust-collecting amount in the total turnover operation amount. It is assumed that the amount of dust generated per unit area per unit time is consistent for wind tunnel and site (this assumption is made when using prototype particles of coal dust and wind speedApproximately meets the same conditions as in the field. )
According to a similar ratio, de and the cross-sectional area of the coal flow exposed to the air (height of the falling material, turnover)
And the de/Q obtained by the experiment is applied to the prototype and needs to be converted.
I.e., the dust rise rate of the on-site rollover was only 1/50 in the experiment. This is because the amount of roll-over dirt is related only to the surface area of the coal dust exposed to the air, and not directly to the total volume.
The calculated value of the two-section turnover quantity Qm in a single time in the test is 2
0.076m
0.064m
0.24m
0.56
106g/m3=1307.4g, theoretical calculation of coal loading of prototype C80 (80 t) train, model turnover operation amount of two carriages in single time 2
80
106g ÷ (50)3=1280 g. The results obtained by the calculation of the two are consistent. In actual test, the actual test value is equivalent to the theoretical calculated value, and the weight value is 1300gFluctuate between 1470g and ~ F.
Discussion of test results and data analysis
(1) Windtunnel test result analysis for stacking operation
The corresponding dust-collecting amount data of the windhole test and the field of the windhole test of the stacking operation are shown in the table 5. FIG. 2 shows the dust emission comparison of different types of coal dust in stacking operation under the state of natural moisture content. FIG. 3 shows the dust emission comparison of different types of coal powder in different moisture content conditions.
TABLE 5
From fig. 2, fig. 3 and table 5 the following conclusions can be drawn:
1) at low wind speed (U =3 m/s), the dust-forming rate of the stockpile is very low, wherein the superexcellent dust-forming rate is the lowest and is 0.47 ‱, and the outsourcing dust-forming rate is intermediate and is 0.72 ‱; the low dust-rising rate is the highest and reaches 1 ‱; the difference between Shenyou and outsourcing coal reaches 0.53 ‱; 2) when the wind speed is medium (U =5 m/s), the three coal types with the stacking dust-rise rate are relatively close, are slightly larger than 2 ‱ and are between 2.03 ‱ and 2.27 ‱; 3) after the wind speed exceeds 5m/s, the dust rising rate of the stockpile is obviously increased along with the increase of the wind speed; at high wind speeds (U =9 m/s), the highest dusting rate of the three coals was still low ash, reaching 34.8 ‱; the lowest dust-out rate of outsourcing is 24.45 ‱, and the largest difference of the dust-out rates of the three coal types is 10.35 ‱. If there is no dustproof measure under this wind speed, the windrow operation will cause obvious improvement to atmospheric particulate matter concentration, and the material loss is also not a little worth. 4) The dust-suppression effect of the three coal types under different wind speeds is relatively close, and the dust suppression rate is from 34% to 42%.
(2) Material taking operation wind tunnel test result analysis
The corresponding dust-collecting amount data of the material taking operation wind tunnel test and the site are shown in the table 6. Fig. 4 shows the comparison of the dust emission of the material taking operation of different types of pulverized coal under the natural moisture content state. FIG. 5 shows a comparison of the dust emission of different types of pulverized coals in the material taking operation under different water content conditions.
TABLE 6
From fig. 4, fig. 5 and table 6 the following conclusions can be drawn:
1) when the wind speed is low and medium (U =3 m/s), the dust-forming rate of the taken material is low, wherein the dust-forming rate of the low dust is the lowest and is 0.26 ‱, and the dust-forming rate of the Shenyou is the middle and is 0.34 ‱; the highest purchased dust rate reaches 0.40 ‱; 2) when the wind speed is medium (U =5 m/s), the material taking and dust rising rate is close to that of outsourcing, namely 4.33 ‱ and 4.76 ‱; the highest ash content reaches 6.32 ‱; 3) after the wind speed exceeds 5m/s, the material taking and dust rising rate is obviously increased along with the increase of the wind speed; at high wind speeds (U =9 m/s), low ash of coal species is more sensitive to wind speed increases; the highest dust-forming rate of the three coal types is low ash, which reaches 83.57 ‱, the highest dust-forming rate of the super coal type is low, but the dust-forming rate of the super coal type also reaches 67.80 ‱. If there is not dustproof measure under this wind speed, get the material operation and will cause obvious improvement to atmospheric particulates concentration, the loss of material is not in a small amount of resources yet. 4) Compared with the dust rise rate of the material taking operation and the material stacking operation, the material taking operation is more sensitive to the increase of the wind speed than the material stacking operation; when the dust rise rate of the material taking operation is close to that of the stacking operation at a low wind speed (U =3 m/s), entering a middle and high wind speed section (U is more than or equal to 5 m/s), wherein the dust rise rate of the material taking operation is 2-3 times of that of the stacking operation; 5) the dust rising amount of the material taking operation can be greatly reduced by increasing the water content of coal, the dust suppression efficiency span of three coal types with the water content increased under different wind speeds is larger, and the change interval of the dust suppression rate is 23.3% -62.7%.
(3) Analysis of wind tunnel test result of rollover operation
Table 7 shows the corresponding dust-collecting amount data of the wind tunnel test of the roll-over operation and the field. Fig. 6 shows the comparison of the dust-laden amount of the different types of pulverized coal in the rollover operation under the state of natural moisture content. Fig. 7 shows the comparison of the dust-laden amount of the different types of pulverized coal in the turnover operation under the different water content conditions.
TABLE 7
From fig. 6, fig. 7 and table 7 the following conclusions can be drawn:
1) the coal type during the turnover operation has the largest low-ash dust-rising rate, the dust-rising rate under the low wind speed state is 0.52 ‱, and the dust-rising rate under the high wind speed state is 1.88 ‱; 2) because of the protection of the closed rollover machine room, the dust rising rate (which means the outside of the rollover machine room) of the rollover operation is low, and even when the wind speed reaches 9m/s, the maximum dust rising rate does not exceed 2 ‱; under the high wind speed state, the dust rising rate of the turnover operation is only one tenth to one tenth of the dust rising rate of the stacking operation and the material taking operation; 3) the operation of the tipper room is basically influenced by the wind speed and has a linear increasing trend, and the phenomenon of obvious increase shown by other dynamic operations does not exist in the high wind speed stage; 4) the dust suppression rate distribution of the three coal types under different wind speeds is relatively close, and the dust suppression rate distribution interval of the turnover operation after 3% humidification is 46.4% -61.5%. 5) Considering the test state of the study as the most unfavorable wind direction, the dust-raising rate in the actual rollover operation should be smaller than that in the test state.
In the embodiment, dust generation of three coal samples, namely Shenyou coal sample, outsourcing coal sample and low ash coal sample under different working conditions of stacking, material taking, turning over, natural moisture content, humidifying moisture content and the like is tested through a coal loading and unloading operation wind tunnel test. The following conclusions are mainly reached:
1) under the dynamic operation condition, the integral dust raising rate is as follows: the material taking operation, the stacking operation and the overturning operation are carried out, wherein the dust raising rate is greatly increased along with the increase of the wind speed in the material taking operation and the stacking operation, and the influence of the wind speed on the operation is small due to the protection effect of the overturning machine room in the overturning operation.
2) Compared with the dust rise rate of the material taking operation and the material stacking operation, the material taking operation is more sensitive to the increase of the wind speed than the material stacking operation; when the dust rise rate of the material taking operation is close to that of the stacking operation at a low wind speed (U =3 m/s), entering a middle and high wind speed section (U is more than or equal to 5 m/s), wherein the dust rise rate of the material taking operation is 2-3 times of that of the stacking operation;
3) because of the protection of the closed rollover machine room, the dust rising rate (which means the outside of the rollover machine room) of the rollover operation is low, and even when the wind speed reaches 9m/s, the maximum dust rising rate does not exceed 2 ‱; under the high wind speed state, the dust rising rate of the turnover operation is only one tenth to one tenth of the dust rising rate of the stacking operation and the material taking operation;
4) the dust-suppression efficiency span of three coal types with 3% of water content increased under different wind speeds is large, and the dust-suppression efficiency change interval is 23.3% -62.7%.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A simulation method of a dynamic operation dust-rising rule is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring coal particle size distribution data and natural water content of a coal sample;
acquiring the representative coal type and the natural water content of the representative coal type based on the coal particle size distribution data;
acquiring a dynamic dusting operation working condition, and acquiring a dusting amount wind tunnel test working condition based on the representative coal type, the moisture content of the representative coal type and the dynamic dusting operation working condition;
and acquiring a dynamic operation dust-raising rule model based on the dust-raising quantity wind tunnel test working condition, and completing the simulation of the dynamic operation dust-raising rule.
2. The method for simulating the dust-rising law of dynamic operation according to claim 1, wherein the representative coal type is obtained by: and carrying out cluster analysis on the coal particle size distribution data to obtain the representative coal type.
3. The method for simulating a dynamic working dust-off law according to claim 1, wherein the dynamic working dust-off working condition comprises: stacking working conditions, material taking working conditions and overturning working conditions;
the stacking working condition is a dust production working condition when the stacker and the ship loader work;
the material taking working condition is a dust production working condition in the material taking operation process in a storage yard;
the dumping working condition is a dust-producing working condition of the dumper in the dumping process.
4. The method for simulating the dust-rising rule of the dynamic operation according to claim 1, wherein the wind tunnel test working condition of the dust-rising amount comprises: different moisture content test working conditions, representative coal type test working conditions, dynamic dusting operation test working conditions and different wind speed test working conditions;
the different moisture content test working conditions comprise: a natural moisture content test working condition and a natural humidifying moisture content test working condition;
the dynamic dusting operation test working condition comprises: stacking test working conditions, material taking test working conditions and overturning test working conditions.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the dynamic operation dust-out law model comprises: a windtunnel test model for stacking operation, a windtunnel test model for taking operation and a windtunnel test model for dumping operation;
the windtunnel test model for the stacking operation is as follows: simplifying the stockpile into a funnel with a hole at the lower part according to a preset proportion, and fixing a coal stockpile-shaped model at the lower part of a blanking port;
the material taking operation wind tunnel test model is as follows: according to a preset proportion, carrying out geometric simulation on a bucket wheel machine head of the reclaimer, wherein the bucket wheel machine head is fixed on a base through a spiral sliding rod, the bucket wheel machine head not only realizes self rotation, but also integrally and stably moves forward through the spiral sliding rod, and the reclaimer is simulated to move on a working surface;
the rollover operation wind tunnel test model comprises: the tipper model, the tipper room model and the pit model are obtained by simplifying according to a preset proportion based on the tipper, the tipper room and the pit prototype conditions.
6. The method for simulating the dynamic operation dust-rising law according to claim 5, wherein the testing step of the windhole test model for the windhole operation comprises the following steps:
cleaning the wind tunnel;
configuring a coal sample based on the representative coal type;
m for weighing model bracket, auxiliary object and modelf0Taking a preset weight Mc0Placing the prepared coal sample into a stacker model;
starting a fan based on the different wind speed test working conditions, and removing a bottom plate of the funnel to realize a coal sample stacking operation simulation test;
weighing the tested model bracket, the auxiliary material, the model and the total weight M of coal0Calculating the dust amount d of the stacking operatione0=Mc0+Mf0-M0；
And repeating the steps according to the representative coal type test working condition and the different water content test working conditions.
7. The method for simulating a dynamic operation dust-rising rule according to claim 5, wherein the step of testing the material taking operation wind tunnel test model comprises the following steps:
cleaning the wind tunnel;
configuring a coal sample based on the representative coal type;
bucket wheel model and auxiliary weighing Mf1Taking a preset weight Mc1Piling the prepared coal sample into a coal pile, and placing a bucket wheel machine model in the coal pile;
starting a fan based on the different wind speed test working conditions, and rotating a bucket wheel machine at the same angular speed according to the prototype to perform a material taking operation simulation test;
weighing the tested auxiliary materials, the tested model and the total weight M of coal1Calculating the dust amount de1=Mc1+Mf1-M1；
Taking the same preset weight Mc1The configured coal samples are stacked into a coal pile, a bucket wheel machine model is arranged in the coal pile, a fan is started based on the different wind speed test working conditions, and the bucket wheel machine is not rotated to carry out material taking operation on the modelSimulating a test;
weighing the tested auxiliary materials, the tested model and the total weight M of coal2Calculating the dust amount de2=Mc1+Mf1-M2And then the dust collecting amount d of the material taking operatione3=de1-de2；
And repeating the steps according to the representative coal type test working condition and the different water content test working conditions.
8. The method for simulating the dynamic operation dust-rising law according to claim 5, wherein the test step of the rollover operation wind tunnel test model comprises the following steps:
cleaning the wind tunnel;
configuring a coal sample based on the representative coal type;
respectively weighing the tipper room model, the tipper model and the pit model, and calculating the total weight M of the three modelsf2；
The prepared coal sample is loaded into a tipper model to be strickled and weighed, and the weight M of the loaded coal sample is obtainedc2(ii) a Placing the tipper in the pit model and the tipper room model according to the corresponding position of the prototype, and sealing the corresponding interface of the tipper room model and the pit model;
starting a fan based on the different wind speed test working conditions, controlling a long shaft of the tippler to rotate, and realizing a tippler operation simulation test;
after the sealing material is removed, the total weight M of the residual coal in the model and the pit model after the test is weighed3Calculating the dust amount d of the turnover operatione4=Mc2+Mf2-M3；
And repeating the steps according to the representative coal type test working condition and the different water content test working conditions.
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