CN114459379A - Five-axis flexible detection platform and detection method - Google Patents
Five-axis flexible detection platform and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114459379A CN114459379A CN202210196358.0A CN202210196358A CN114459379A CN 114459379 A CN114459379 A CN 114459379A CN 202210196358 A CN202210196358 A CN 202210196358A CN 114459379 A CN114459379 A CN 114459379A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters
- G01B11/12—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters internal diameters
Abstract
A five-axis flexible detection platform and a detection method relate to the technical field of precision measurement and solve the problems that the profile tolerance or the aperture size of a measured part cannot be measured by laser in the prior art, and the five-axis flexible detection platform comprises a bed body, an X-axis working sliding table, a C-axis working sliding table, a Z-axis working sliding table, a Y-axis working sliding table, a C-axis servo motor, a Z-axis servo motor, a Y-axis servo motor, an X-axis servo motor, an A-axis servo motor, an electric control device, a positioning sleeve, an axial laser, a laser installation device and a lateral laser; the method adopts a confocal laser displacement non-contact measurement technology to realize non-blind-spot high-speed scanning of a measured part, adopts a working mode that the measured part is static and only a measuring head performs measuring movement, and during measurement, a confocal laser measuring head performs corresponding three-axis or four-axis movement according to the structure of a part, scans the measured part, and reduces the measurement cost without a specially-manufactured positioning clamp, thereby improving the flexibility and the detection precision of the measurement system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of precision measurement, in particular to a five-axis flexible detection platform and a detection method. The invention is suitable for detecting parts after cutting and grinding in machining, such as: the laser detection method is suitable for laser detection of the sizes and geometric parameters of various gears in a driver, gear sleeves of a gear hub in a synchronizer, planetary bevel gears in a differential and other parts, particularly relates to the technical field of precision measurement of the geometric sizes of end faces of synchronizer gear sleeves, gear hubs, gear seats and disc parts and the like, and is also suitable for detection of large structural parts such as dies, stamping parts, injection molding parts, propellers, turbines and automobile bodies in white.
Background
At present along with scientific and technical progress, to product spare part quality requirement increasingly high, some spare parts need one hundred per cent inspection in order to guarantee the quality, adopt traditional on-line measuring tool can't satisfy novel production mode, and traditional measuring tool mainly is contact measurement mode, if be used for one hundred examine a life can reduce by a wide margin, the result measurement cost who brings increases. Two traditional checking tools need to have a meter or a sensor corresponding to each geometric dimension of parts, so the checking tool is easily restricted by structure when in design, one part needs a plurality of sets of checking tools to finish the detection of the geometric dimension, the number of sets of checking tools is large, and more corresponding operators are needed, so that the detection cost is increased. Third, for the mass production industries of automobiles, motorcycles and the like, the types of parts are thousands of, ten thousands of, and as for the same part, the traditional checking tools with different sizes cannot be used universally, so a large number of checking tools are needed for production, the storage and logistics cost is increased undoubtedly, and fourth, the existing product part processing basically adopts equipment such as a numerical control lathe, a grinder, a processing center and the like, the processing precision is very high (0.005-0.01mm), the reading checking tool adopts a calibration piece comparison method, in order to ensure that various uncertain factors of the product influence the measurement precision, the manufacturing precision of the calibration piece is 1/10(0.0005-0.001mm) of the product precision according to the specification, so that the manufacturing of the calibration piece is very difficult, and the cost is increased greatly.
No matter numerical control processing is that equipment such as lathe, milling machine, grinding machine give the machined part digifax, according to digifax programming, the digit control machine tool begins to process, and the purpose of processing realization is exactly to convert virtual digital three-dimensional model into the spare part or the product of entity, and the error of spare part or product after processing is exactly the product of entity and theoretical digifax deviation, causes the reason of deviation to be: firstly, the cutter is deformed due to cutting force in the machining process of the cutter, a machined workpiece is deformed due to stress, and a machine tool structure is deformed due to stress. Secondly, the cutter is worn after processing a certain amount of products, so that deviation of expected cutting output production is not achieved. And thirdly, dimensional deviation caused by temperature caused by cutting production heat in the machining process. Step cutting is needed for the cutter in machining, size deviation caused by grid distance formed in step cutting is achieved, chip breaking is achieved in the milling cutter machining mode, and size deviation caused by the movement tracks of the milling cutter edges and the edges is achieved. And sixthly, dimension deviation caused by clamping of thin-wall parts or parts with low strength. The numerical control machine tool has insufficient precision or dimension deviation caused by overdue use.
The existing part parameter detection method can be basically divided into four types, namely, measurement on a flat plate (the used tools are a measurement flat plate, a dial indicator, a measuring block, a square box, a height measuring instrument and the like). And secondly, an online special detection tool or a measurement machine (a single product, a visual value display is a meter or a sensor and a measuring instrument, and the sensor and an industrial personal computer). And thirdly, instruments (vertical and horizontal length measuring machines). And fourthly, measuring equipment (a three-coordinate cylindricity meter, a gear measuring machine and the like).
The following describes the four methods:
the flat plate measurement is a traditional measurement, is a theoretical basis of all measurement methods, mainly takes comparison measurement with the size of a gauge block as a main measurement, and is substantially the deviation between the measured part size and the theoretically correct size of the gauge block. The method has the advantages of less uncertain factors and accurate measurement, and has the defects of high requirement on the quality of an operator and long measurement process time.
The on-line special checking tool or measuring machine is a (special) checking tool or measuring machine which is designed and manufactured separately for a single part and can detect one or more sizes and form and position tolerances. The device has the advantages of simple operation, high measuring speed, short time, accurate measuring value and direct production guidance, most of the measuring ends of the checking tools adopt meters, and the measuring ends of the measuring machines adopt sensors and are connected with an industrial personal computer to process and store data.
And thirdly, instruments (vertical and horizontal length measuring machines) mainly aim at measurement of dimensions, such as: length, width, diameter, aperture and the like, has the advantages of high measurement precision and single measurement form.
Measuring equipment (three-coordinate, cylindricity instrument, gear measuring machine, etc.), the three-coordinate measuring method usually adopts inductive or grating type contact probe in terms of measuring head, and its main disadvantages are: the method comprises the steps of firstly, eliminating geometrical size data of sharp corners, being smaller than the diameter of a measuring head, being incapable of measuring, secondly, having low data sampling rate, adopting a contact type measuring head to measure, namely discrete point sampling, and thirdly, having low measuring efficiency, adopting the contact type measuring head to measure three coordinates, and having limited measuring force and measuring range, so that the moving speed from one measuring point to the next measuring point is limited.
In the existing method closest to the method, all applied lasers, image measurement or 3D are used for acquiring position information according to regular movement of a straight line, a circle and the like or establishing a spatial reference point to obtain position relation data between a measured piece and the spatial reference point, and then the outline of the measured piece is restored through software calculation, so that the calculation amount is huge, and the method cannot be completed by a common computer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a five-axis flexible detection platform and a detection method for solving the problems in the prior art.
The five-axis flexible detection platform comprises a bed body, an X-direction working sliding table, a C-axis working sliding table, a Z-direction working sliding table, a Y-direction working sliding table, a C-axis servo motor, a Z-axis servo motor, a Y-axis servo motor, an X-axis servo motor, an A-axis servo motor and an electric control device; the device also comprises a positioning sleeve, an axial laser, a laser mounting device and a lateral laser;
the axial laser is connected with a laser installation device through a positioning sleeve, the laser installation device is installed at the lower end of an A shaft, and the A shaft is connected with a C shaft;
the C-axis servo motor and the C-axis servo motor are arranged on the Z-direction working sliding table, and the Z-direction working sliding table is arranged on the Y-direction working sliding table;
the X-axis servo motor is arranged on the X-direction working sliding table, and the X-direction working sliding table is arranged on the machine body;
a Y-axis servo motor is arranged on the Y-direction working sliding table, and a Z-axis servo motor is arranged on the Z-direction working sliding table;
the Z-axis servo motor is controlled by the electric control device, and the Y-axis servo motor and the X-axis servo motor respectively drive the corresponding working sliding table to move;
in the detection process, the lateral laser is replaced according to the detection requirement of the detected piece, the lateral laser is installed on the laser installation device through the positioning sleeve, and the light emitted by the lateral laser is required to pass through the center line of the positioning sleeve and be perpendicular to the center line of the positioning sleeve; the center of the positioning sleeve, the center of the hole of the measured piece and the reference point of the emergent light of the lateral laser are positioned on the same straight line; and meanwhile, the angle of the light emitted by the lateral laser is required to be consistent with the angle of the C axis.
The method for detecting by adopting the five-axis flexible detection platform is realized by the following steps:
step one, correcting an axial laser and a lateral laser;
the light emitted by the axial laser is required to be coaxial with the center line of the positioning sleeve;
the light emitted by the side laser is required to pass through the center line of the positioning sleeve and is perpendicular to the center line of the positioning sleeve;
setting measuring range reference points of an axial laser and a lateral laser, and taking the measuring range reference points as effective measuring range center points;
secondly, positioning an absolute measurement datum 0 point of the flexible platform in an X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis, C-axis and A-axis coordinate system, establishing a relative position relation between a datum point of the measured piece and the absolute measurement datum 0 point, and determining a positioning datum point;
and thirdly, after the measured piece is placed on the positioning reference point, the flexible detection platform controls a corresponding servo motor through an electric control device according to the digital-analog structure of the measured piece to realize the measurement of the profile tolerance of the axial laser on the measured piece or the measurement of the aperture of the measured piece by the lateral laser.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the measuring device provided by the invention has the following advantages:
1. the confocal laser displacement non-contact measurement technology is adopted to realize non-blind-spot high-speed scanning of the measured piece, and the detection speed and the data sampling rate are improved.
2. The working mode that a measured part is static and only the measuring head performs measuring movement is adopted, the confocal laser measuring head performs corresponding three-axis, four-axis or five-axis movement according to the structure of a part during measurement, the measured part is scanned, the geometric shape and the size of the measured part per se are realized, a specially manufactured positioning clamp is not needed in the measuring process, the measuring cost is reduced, and the flexibility and the detection precision of the measuring system are improved.
3. The method is characterized in that a universal standard sample block or a standard ball is adopted for calibration, and the space position of the measurement light of the confocal laser sensor is determined (the laser line is regarded as a milling cutter on a machining center, and the diameter of a light spot is regarded as the diameter of the milling cutter).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a five-axis flexible test platform according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a right side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an axial laser;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a side laser, wherein (a) is a front view and (b) is a right view;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the laser mount with the thrust sleeve down; wherein (a) and (b) are cross-sectional views of the laser mounting device in two directions;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a thrust sleeve lift in a laser mount; wherein (a) and (b) are cross-sectional views of the laser mounting device in two directions;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the detection of a round table as the measured part;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of detection of the truncated cone by the side-emitting laser.
FIG. 10 (a) is a schematic diagram of the detection of the side laser, and (b) is a top view of the detection;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of detecting a face-to-face discontinuity;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the detection of the synchronizer sleeve being a piece under test;
fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of detection in which the object to be detected is a spatial curved surface.
Detailed Description
In order to adapt to the great trend of product digitization, VR technology, AR technology, numerical control of processing and manufacturing, and development of big data internet, a five-axis flexible detection platform is developed by relying on a confocal laser displacement sensor as a point acquisition end, an ideal geometric dimension of a three-dimensional digital model of a part as a measurement reference (a digital calibration piece), a measurement device adopts X, Y, Z three axes or X, Y, Z, C axes and an A axis to perform linkage motion according to the complexity of the part, a confocal laser displacement non-contact measurement technology is adopted to realize non-blind-point high-speed scanning of the part, profile data are obtained according to the confocal laser displacement sensor, and the geometric dimension of the measured part is given.
The five-axis flexible detection platform of the embodiment provides a universal, flexible, rapid and high-precision geometric parameter laser detection device for detection of parts of an intelligent manufacturing automatic production line, and comprises a lathe bed 1, an X-direction work sliding table 2, a C-axis 5, a Z-direction work sliding table 6, a Y-direction work sliding table 7, a C-axis servo motor 8, a Z-axis servo motor 9, a Y-axis servo motor 10, an X-axis servo motor 11, an A-axis 13, an A-axis servo motor 14 and an electric control device (a controller, a driver, a PLC module, an IO module and the like); the device also comprises a positioning sleeve 12, an axial laser 3, a laser mounting device 4 and a lateral laser (the light emitting direction is fixed);
the axial laser 3 is connected with a laser mounting device 4 through a positioning sleeve 12, the laser mounting device 4 is mounted at the lower end of an A shaft 5, and the A shaft is connected with a C shaft 5;
the C shaft 5 and the C shaft servo motor 8 are arranged on the Z-direction work sliding table 6, and the Z-direction work sliding table 6 is arranged on the Y-direction work sliding table 7;
the X-axis servo motor 11 is arranged on the X-direction working sliding table 2, and the X-direction working sliding table 2 is arranged on the lathe bed 1;
a Y-axis servo motor 10 is arranged on the Y-direction working sliding table 7, and a Z-axis servo motor 9 is arranged on the Z-direction working sliding table;
the Z-axis servo motor 9, the Y-axis servo motor 10 and the X-axis servo motor 11 are controlled by the electric control device to respectively drive the corresponding working sliding tables to move;
in the detection process, the lateral laser is replaced according to the detection requirement of the detected piece, the lateral laser is installed on the laser installation device 4 through the positioning sleeve 12, and the light emitted by the lateral laser is required to pass through the central line of the positioning sleeve 12 and be perpendicular to the central line of the positioning sleeve 12; the center of the positioning sleeve 12, the center of the hole of the measured piece and the reference point of the emergent light of the lateral laser are positioned on the same straight line; while the angle of the light exiting the side lasers (from the C-axis angle) is required to be fixed.
In the present embodiment, the axial laser 3 is installed in the installation sleeve 12, and the light emitted from the axial laser 3 is coaxial with the central line of the installation sleeve 12; when the lateral laser is installed on the positioning sleeve 12, the angle change of the emergent light of the lateral laser is synchronous (consistent) with the rotation angle of the C shaft 5. And a locking groove is formed at the rear end of the mounting sleeve and is fixed on the laser mounting device 4 through the locking groove.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, in the present embodiment, the laser installation device 4 includes a thrust sleeve 4-1, a spring 4-2, a body 4-3, a fastening screw 4-4, a directional sleeve 4-5, a locking body 4-6, a wedge block 4-7, a connecting pin 4-8 and a pin 4-9;
the specific assembly relationship is as follows: firstly, a directional sleeve 4-5 (the directional sleeve 4-5 is used for fixing the angle of light emitted to a laser and the angle of a C shaft), a locking body 4-6 is sequentially arranged in an inner hole 4-3 of a body, then the locking body is fixed by two pins 4-9 and then is fastened by four fastening screws 4-4, a wedge block 4-7 is penetrated into an elongated slot 4-6 of the locking body, a thrust sleeve 4-1 is arranged in a spring 4-2, the body 4-3 is penetrated into a thrust sleeve 17 and the spring 4-2, then a connecting pin 4-8 sequentially penetrates through an excircle surface hole of the thrust sleeve 4-1, penetrates through the body 4-3 along with the circular hole and a pin hole of the wedge block 4-7 to penetrate through another excircle surface hole of the thrust sleeve 4-1, the thrust sleeve 4-1 moves up and down to drive the wedge block 4-7 to penetrate into the locking body 4-6 or be pulled out (the state of a clamping positioning sleeve 12 is that the wedge block 4-7 is penetrated into the locking body 4-6 While passing through the locking body 4-6). When the wedge-shaped block 4-7 penetrates into the locking body 4-6, the diameter of the expanded lower end of the locking body 4-6 is 12mm, and the diameter of the lower end of the locking body 4-6 is 10mm after the wedge-shaped block 4-7 is pulled out.
When the positioning sleeve 12 is installed in the laser installation device, the thrust sleeve 4-1 is firstly supported, the wedge-shaped block 4-7 is synchronously supported upwards, the size of the locking body 4-6 is reduced under the action of no external supporting force of the wedge-shaped block 4-7, the positioning sleeve 12 is convenient to install, the thrust sleeve 4-1 moves downwards under the action of the spring 4-2 when the hand is loosened, the wedge-shaped block 4-7 is synchronously driven to be inserted into the central groove of the locking body 4-6, the lower end of the locking body 4-6 expands, and the positioning sleeve 12 is locked. The axis of the inner hole of the body 4-3, the axis of the locking body 4-6, the axis of the wedge block 4-7, the axis of the directional sleeve 4-5 and the axis of the thrust sleeve 4-1 are all the same straight line.
In this embodiment, the axial laser 3 and the lateral laser are both confocal laser displacement sensors.
Based on the implementation of the embodiment, the confocal laser displacement sensor (axial laser model CL5-MG35, measuring range)12 mm) can be regarded as a line laser, the light of which can be regarded as
The measuring base point of the rod-type ball milling cutter is 35 +/-5.5 mm away from the lens (and has larger range), and the track of the base point in the measuring process moves on the surface of the ideal profile dimension. Secondly, high-precision numerical control equipment guarantees the motion of the ideal size of the contour (the precision is 0.003 mm). Thirdly, the numerical control equipment processes the part and influences the size deviation factor, such as: the cutting force causes deformation, cutter abrasion, cutting heat causes thermal expansion and cold contraction deformation, and the chip breaking machining principle forms errors, and the four-axis online detection flexible platform and the detection method for the machining parts do not have the errors in non-contact measurement. And fourthly, applying three-dimensional numerical models such as computer aided design (CACATIA), UG, Pro/Engineer and the like in numerical control machining.
The flexible detection platform described in this embodiment is a comprehensive measurement platform, and as long as there is a digital model, the light of the laser can be found (the normal direction is the best or the included angle between the light and the measurement surface is not less than 20 degrees), and the measurement can be measured, because it is based on the digital model, the axial laser measurement reference point moves on the theoretical profile surface of the measured piece, the profile of the measured piece is 0 if the laser output value is the theoretical size, and only if the measured piece deviates from the laser output value, the value is not 0, and the output value is the profile deviation.
In a second embodiment, the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 8 and 9, and the present embodiment uses the five-axis flexible inspection platform for a machining component according to the first embodiment to perform inspection, where the specific inspection process includes:
firstly, the flexible detection platform needs to correct the laser before use, the axial laser is arranged in the laser mounting and positioning sleeve 12, the light of the laser and the laser mounting and positioning sleeve 12 are mainly ensured to be coaxial, so that the laser and the laser mounting and positioning sleeve are integrated, thus, when the axial laser and the lateral laser are switched conveniently, the position of the light ray of the same laser is fixed and unchanged, when a side laser is replaced, after the laser installation positioning sleeve 12 is installed, the light needs to be ensured to pass through the central line of the laser installation positioning sleeve 12 and be vertical to the central line, the light emitting angle is required to be fixed with the angle between the rear end positioning locking grooves of the laser installation positioning sleeve 12, and the light direction is preferably vertical to 90 degrees or parallel to 0 degree, the reference point of the laser measuring range is set as the center point of the effective measuring range, the datum point is fixed for each laser after it is mounted in the laser mounting nest for ease of use.
Secondly, the flexible detection platform has an absolute measurement datum 0 point in an X, Y, Z, C, A axis coordinate system, and has the capability of determining a corresponding relative measurement datum point according to different measurement products, for example, as shown in fig. 8, the flexible detection platform is a circular table, the cone angle is 90 degrees, and the diameter of the intersection line of the cone surface and the end surface
The dimension value is accurate, the center of the circular truncated cone can be determined by adopting an axial laser, when the axial laser passes through a secant chord length of the rear end face of the end face, the diameter center coordinate of the circular truncated cone is obtained, the center position coordinate can be determined by measuring once in the vertical direction (the circle center coordinate is the dimension of the center coordinate in one direction only can be obtained by measuring once in two dimensions of a plane), and the axial coordinate of the circular truncated cone can be obtained simultaneously by using a lateral light laser, as shown in figure 9, the axial coordinate of the circular truncated cone for the diameter of the circular truncated cone can be obtained
The three-surface measurement can obtain the diameter center coordinate of the circular truncated cone, but the axial coordinate of the circular truncated cone is also obtained by changing the axial laser measurement. Any product in production is expressed by a three-dimensional digital model, so that a positioning (three-dimensional) reference is needed when measuring the products, and a two-pin-one-surface structure is generally adopted.
After the measured piece is placed on the positioning reference, the five-axis flexible detection platform can be divided into three-axis measurement (end surface step, angle surface, circular truncated cone surface and the like) according to the number model structure form of the measured piece, four-axis measurement (hole, non-circular hole, gear sleeve and the like) according to four-axis linkage program measurement (space curve, space aperture hole site, turbine, propeller and the like).
In this embodiment, the flexible detection platform measures the dimensional deviation of the measured part and simultaneously provides measured dimensional data, and the traditional laser measurement, image and three-dimensional scanning method needs to perform a large amount of computer calculation after measurement to provide dimensional digital-analog data, and then compares the measured digital-analog with a theoretical dimensional digital-analog to find out the dimensional deviation. From a certain angle, the running track of a flexible platform laser measuring datum point of a five-axis linkage measuring device is a point on the surface of an ideal dimension digital model, so that the five-axis linkage measuring device directly measures and obtains dimension data, the measurement is absolute measurement, other measurements are relative measurements, the dimension data is obtained after the data are obtained and subjected to a large amount of operation fitting, the error is far larger than that of the data measured by the flexible platform of the five-axis linkage measuring device, the precision of a large five-axis system can reach micron level and is listed in the measurement of a white automobile body of an automobile, a large checking fixture is commonly used at present, the precision of the large checking fixture is millimeter level, the on-line measurement can not be realized in the detection process, the large five-axis linkage measuring device must be hung into the checking fixture, the detection operation can be completed by a plurality of people, hundreds of measuring points on one automobile body are all manually operated, each point is recorded, the detection of one automobile body needs several hours, and the image measurement precision is in the silk level, the method is not to measure a body-in-white from a body reference angle, a target point is set in a measuring range to serve as a relative reference, a measured piece and the target point are measured simultaneously during measurement to acquire data, the geometric dimension of the measured piece is calculated according to the spatial fixed position relation of the target point and the relative position relation of the measured piece, some point errors of the five-axis linkage measuring device can be millimeter-sized, the flexible platform of the five-axis linkage measuring device can completely ensure the neglect-sized level, the laser range reference point is a path line of 0 point walking and is a point on a measured piece number module, and if the point has a deviation, the laser value is not 0 but is displayed as a deviation value.
The flexible detection platform has X, Y, Z, C, A axis coordinate system with 0 point of absolute measurement reference, when measuring different measured pieces or white bodies of different vehicle types, as long as the position of the 0 point of the measurement reference and the absolute measurement reference of the white bodies of different vehicle types is fixed, the five-axis linkage flexible detection platform can directly switch the measurement of different white bodies, the white bodies do not need to be lifted out and any measurement device pair does not need to be changed, the measurement speed cannot be influenced, and the flexible measurement of products is really realized.
The method of the embodiment is realized by the digifax of the measured piece and the determination of the reference point (0 point) measured by the confocal laser displacement sensor. During the measurement process, the confocal laser displacement sensor measures the datum point as
The ball-end milling cutter walks a digital-analog contour line, the digital-analog contour line is like a calibration piece calibration standard, the confocal laser displacement sensor measures the datum point as a 0 point which is already calibrated, when the measured piece is measured, the value of the confocal laser displacement sensor measures the datum point 0 changes (not 0, but becomes a + value or becomes a-value), the changed value is the deviation value of the profile degree, in the embodiment, the digital-analog (virtual ideal size) of the standard measured piece is compared with the actual measured piece to measure the size deviation of the measured piece, and the software calculation amount of the deviation measuring method can be ignored compared with other existing methods.
The third embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 10 to 13, and this embodiment is an example of detection by the detection method described in the second embodiment:
when the three-axis movement mode is adopted, the fault difference between the surfaces, the angle of the inclined plane and the hole and curve, the excircle and the curve of the Z axis are detected; in which four-axis motion is performed when detecting the hole, the excircle and the curve, as shown in fig. 10, that is, X, Y axes detect the hole curve, the corresponding angle of the hole is detected, the C-axis of the installed lateral laser (lateral laser model ENDO0.3/90, measuring range 0.3 mm) is also synchronously rotated to the angle, the excircle measurement is the same, and the curve is the same (C-axis measuring laser is the normal measurement).
When measuring the offset, as shown in fig. 11, the measured object is a gear, the end face has 1.07 steps, when measuring the high end face, the measured gear thickness is exactly 28.47, because the processing is performed according to digital-analog, the laser measuring reference point is 0, the output value of the laser should be 0, when measuring the low end face, the Z axis drives the laser to move down 1.07, the output of the laser is 0, the offset size of the two end faces is 1.07, if the laser displays that the output is +0.05, the offset size of the two end faces is 1.12, otherwise, if the laser displays that the output is-0.05, the offset size of the two end faces is 1.02, the detecting platform drives the laser to detect the circular arc in the X axis and the Y axis, the value measured by the circular arc can display the run-out of the two faces and the reference face, and the two faces are parallel.
As shown in fig. 12, for the bevel angle detection, if the detected member is a synchronizer sleeve, the prior art adopts the issued patent: the contact type detection device has the patent number of 201922353210X and is named as 'a detection tool for measuring the symmetry and height of the combined tooth', the angle of the inclination angle of the combined tooth, the symmetry of the combined tooth and the involute tooth, the height from the 1.5 wide position of the combined tooth to the other end face, the size of the end face sink groove, the size of the end face step and the like. In the embodiment, the gear sleeve is placed on the centering top gear clamp of the measuring platform, the gear sleeve center and the involute gear angle are completely positioned, the axial laser 3 is used for measuring the ratio of the circumferential variation and the height variation of an angle surface according to the track of the gear sleeve digital model along the section shape of a pitch circle, the combined gear angle is used for measuring the ratio of the circumferential variation and the height variation of the angle surface, the combined gear height dimension is the height dimension of two points with equal height, the perimeter of the numerical value acquired by two bevel lasers of one combined gear is 1.5, and the symmetry of the combined gear and the involute gear is used for measuring the symmetry of the involute center angle position of the positioning fixed gear clamp at the position of the highest point of the combined gear and 2 times of the circumferential length dimension.
As shown in fig. 13, the measured object is a spatial curved surface, the spatial curved surface means that the normal direction of the measured object may be any spatial direction, the movement form of the a axis is swing, the swing from the vertical direction to the left and right direction can be generally about 105 degrees, the movement form of the C axis is rotation in the vertical X and Y plane directions, the rotation angle is at least 360 degrees or infinite rotation, the different angle changes of the a axis and the C axis are superimposed to realize the irradiation of the confocal laser light from all directions, and a fixed angle of the a axis and a fixed angle of the C axis correspond to a spatial angle. The movement track of the measurement datum point 0 of the confocal laser displacement sensor is on a digital mode ideal dimension curved surface and is vertical to a measurement surface (normal measurement), if the output value of the confocal laser displacement sensor is 0, the curved surface value of the point is an ideal dimension, otherwise, if the output value is not 0 and is other numerical values, the value is the deviation value of the curved surface value of the point and the ideal dimension.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The device comprises a five-axis flexible detection platform, a lathe bed (1), an X-direction working sliding table (2), a C-axis (5), a Z-direction working sliding table (6), a Y-direction working sliding table (7), a C-axis servo motor (8), a Z-axis servo motor (9), a Y-axis servo motor (10), an X-axis servo motor (11), an A-axis (13), an A-axis servo motor (14) and an electric control device; the method is characterized in that: the device also comprises a positioning sleeve (12), an axial laser (3), a laser mounting device (4) and a lateral laser;
the axial laser (3) is connected with a laser mounting device (4) through a positioning sleeve (12), the laser mounting device (4) is mounted at the lower end of an A shaft (5), and the A shaft is connected with a C shaft (5);
the C-axis (5) and the C-axis servo motor (8) are arranged on the Z-direction work sliding table (6), and the Z-direction work sliding table (6) is arranged on the Y-direction work sliding table (7);
the X-axis servo motor (11) is arranged on the X-direction working sliding table (2), and the X-direction working sliding table (2) is arranged on the lathe bed (1);
a Y-axis servo motor (10) is arranged on the Y-direction working sliding table (7), and a Z-axis servo motor (9) is arranged on the Z-direction working sliding table;
the Z-axis servo motor (9), the Y-axis servo motor (10) and the X-axis servo motor (11) are controlled by the electric control device to respectively drive the corresponding working sliding tables to move;
in the detection process, the lateral laser is replaced according to the detection requirement of the detected piece, the lateral laser is installed on the laser installation device (4) through the positioning sleeve (12), and the light emitted by the lateral laser is required to pass through the central line of the positioning sleeve (12) and be vertical to the central line of the positioning sleeve (12); the center of the positioning sleeve (12), the center of the hole of the measured piece and the reference point of the emergent light of the lateral laser are positioned on the same straight line; and simultaneously, the emergent ray angle of the lateral laser is required to be fixed.
2. The five-axis flexible testing platform of claim 1, wherein: the axial laser (3) is arranged in the positioning sleeve (12), and the light emitted by the axial laser (3) is coaxial with the central line of the positioning sleeve (12);
and the rear end of the positioning sleeve (12) is provided with a locking groove and is fixed on the laser mounting device (4) through the locking groove.
3. The five-axis flexible testing platform of claim 1, wherein: the laser installation device comprises a thrust sleeve (4-1), a spring (4-2), a body (4-3), a directional sleeve (4-5), a locking body (4-6), a wedge block (4-7) and a connecting pin (4-8);
the directional sleeve (4-5) and the locking body (4-6) are sequentially arranged in an inner hole of the body (4-3), then the directional sleeve and the locking body are fixed by two pins (4-9), then the directional sleeve and the locking body are fastened by fastening screws (4-4), then the wedge block (4-7) penetrates into an elongated slot of the locking body (4-6), the thrust sleeve (4-1) is arranged in a spring (4-2), then the body (4-3) penetrates into the thrust sleeve (4-1) and the spring (4-2), then the connecting pin (4-8) sequentially penetrates through an outer circle surface hole of the thrust sleeve (4-1), penetrates through the body (4-3) and the circular hole, and a pin hole of the wedge block (4-7) to another outer circle surface hole of the thrust sleeve (4-1), and the thrust sleeve (4-1) moves up and down, the wedge-shaped blocks (4-7) in the locking bodies (4-6) are driven to penetrate or be pulled out;
when the positioning sleeve (12) is installed in the laser installation device, the thrust sleeve (4-1) is firstly supported, the wedge-shaped block (4-7) is synchronously supported upwards, the size of the locking body (4-6) is reduced under the action of no external supporting force of the wedge-shaped block (4-7), the positioning sleeve (12) is convenient to install, the thrust sleeve (4-1) moves downwards under the action of the spring (4-2) when a hand is loosened, the wedge-shaped block (4-7) is synchronously driven to be inserted into the central groove of the locking body (4-6), the lower end of the locking body (4-6) expands, and the positioning sleeve (12) is locked.
4. The five-axis flexible testing platform of claim 1, wherein: the lateral laser is arranged in the positioning sleeve (12), and the angle change of the emergent light of the lateral laser is consistent with the rotation angle of the C shaft (5).
5. The five-axis online detection flexible platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: the axial laser (3) and the lateral laser are both confocal laser displacement sensors.
6. The five-axis online detection flexible platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lathe bed (1) is fixed with the ground by adopting a vibration isolation foundation.
7. The method for detecting by adopting the five-axis flexible detection platform as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the method is realized by the following steps:
step one, correcting an axial laser and a lateral laser;
the light emitted by the axial laser (3) is required to be coaxial with the central line of the positioning sleeve (12);
the light emitted by the side laser is required to pass through the center line of the positioning sleeve and is perpendicular to the center line of the positioning sleeve;
setting measuring range reference points of an axial laser and a lateral laser, and taking the measuring range reference points as effective measuring range center points;
secondly, positioning an absolute measurement datum 0 point of the flexible platform in an X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis, C-axis and A-axis coordinate system, establishing a relative position relation between a datum point of the measured piece and the absolute measurement datum 0 point, and determining a positioning datum point;
and thirdly, after the measured piece is placed on the positioning reference point, the flexible detection platform controls a corresponding servo motor through an electric control device according to the digital-analog structure of the measured piece to realize the measurement of the profile tolerance of the axial laser (3) on the measured piece or the measurement of the aperture of the lateral laser on the measured piece.
8. The detection method according to claim 7, characterized in that: and in the second step, a 0-return key on an operation panel of the electric control device is pressed, and all five shafts of the five-shaft flexible detection platform return to an absolute measurement datum 0 point.
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