CN114459306A - 一种波纹环形柔性复合防爆装置 - Google Patents

一种波纹环形柔性复合防爆装置 Download PDF

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CN114459306A
CN114459306A CN202210034560.3A CN202210034560A CN114459306A CN 114459306 A CN114459306 A CN 114459306A CN 202210034560 A CN202210034560 A CN 202210034560A CN 114459306 A CN114459306 A CN 114459306A
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周颖
黄广炎
王涛
解亚宸
张鹏
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种波纹环形柔性复合防爆装置，属于防爆技术领域。包括共轴嵌套的内筒状结构和外筒状结构；内筒状结构包括截面为梯形的内纤维波纹板和填充在内纤维波纹板胞元中的内柔性泡沫；外筒状结构包括截面为倒梯形的外纤维波纹板和填充在外纤维波纹板胞元中的外柔性泡沫；内纤维波纹板和外纤维波纹板的胞元个数相同。该防爆装置，可实现对爆炸冲击波和破片载荷进行时空解耦化的载荷针对性防护。

Description

一种波纹环形柔性复合防爆装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种波纹环形柔性复合防爆装置，属于防爆技术领域。
背景技术
为了削弱爆炸物高压、高速破片等载荷强度，一般柔性防爆结构(例如柔性防爆桶等)通常为多孔多聚物泡沫或高性能纤维等材质，其中多孔多聚物泡沫作为一种轻质且比强度高的柔性材料，具有较好的冲击吸能特征，主要面向高压载荷的削弱；高性能纤维依靠自身高强度断裂及伴随的大面积变形，有较高的抗破片侵彻的性能，主要面向高速破片的削弱。但考虑到防护结构距离爆源普遍较近，爆炸物产生的冲击波会在破片冲击之前加载到防护结构上，此时受到冲击波预先加载的防护结构的抗破片侵彻性能会有明显的衰减。在传统的柔性防爆结构中，多孔多聚物泡沫如聚氨酯泡沫目前只用于冲击波防护，几乎没有面对破片的防护能力。高性能纤维虽然作为抗破片侵彻的高性能材料被广泛应用，但由于冲击波预先加载而削弱环形纤维结构破片防护性能的现象，分析原因：1)冲击波预先加载造成部分纤维在破片侵彻前发生断裂；2)冲击波作用时间较长，破片侵彻时与作用未结束的冲击波载荷存在协同效应，提高了纤维中拉伸应力的水平。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种波纹环形柔性复合防爆装置。所述装置通过将波纹纤维与柔性泡沫吸能胞元组成复合结构，可以将爆炸的高压冲击波和高速破片载荷进行时空解耦化防护，减少了多载荷协同作用对柔性复合结构的综合防护性能的衰减。防护过程中，内筒状结构对冲击波进行快速衰减，内纤维波纹板既可以为内柔性泡沫提供侧向约束，并且还可以提高结构中的轴向应力波的传播效率，提高内柔性泡沫参与耗能的占比量；同时充分利用经过内筒状结构削减后的相对强度较弱的透射波对外侧空气域进行扰动，促使外纤维波纹板预先获得初始速度，向着远离炸药的方向进行膨胀，独特的波纹结构使得纤维在初始位置时有环向的材料余量，因而在向外扩展的过程中不会由于环向拉应力而形成轴向裂缝，并且在扩展同时获得了远离爆炸物初始位置的扩散速度，可以减小与随后到达的破片之间的相对速度。外柔性泡沫与外纤维波纹板形成的外筒整体可以提高结构的抗弯强度，同时外柔性泡沫的设置可避免外纤维波纹板过早地发生轴向屈曲，因为一旦形成高度折减则无法拦截位于爆炸物端部的破片。
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案如下：
一种波纹环形柔性复合防爆装置，包括共轴嵌套的内筒状结构和外筒状结构；内筒状结构包括截面为梯形的内纤维波纹板和填充在内纤维波纹板胞元(空心结构)中的内柔性泡沫；外筒状结构包括截面为倒梯形的外纤维波纹板和填充在外纤维波纹板胞元(空心结构)中的外柔性泡沫；内纤维波纹板和外纤维波纹板的胞元个数相同；
复合防爆装置的高度与外径的比值为0.6:1～1.5:1，内径与外径的比值为0.5:1～0.9:1。
进一步的，所述内纤维波纹板完全展开后(展成平板)形成的圆筒外径为内筒状结构外径的1.5～2.5倍；所述外纤维波纹板完全展开后(展成平板)形成的圆筒外径为外筒状结构外径的1.5～2.5倍；
Figure BDA0003467791320000031
的取值为0.6～4.8，
Figure BDA0003467791320000032
的取值为0.6～4.8，
Figure BDA0003467791320000033
的取值为0.8～2，
Figure BDA0003467791320000034
的取值为0.8～2，
Figure BDA0003467791320000035
的取值为1.1～1.8；
Figure BDA0003467791320000036
的取值为0.75～1.2；
其中，d内为内纤维波纹板单个胞元的波纹腹板宽度，(b内/2)为内纤维波纹板单个胞元的波纹翼缘宽度，h内为内纤维波纹板波纹高度；d外为外纤维波纹板单个胞元的波纹腹板宽度，(b外/2)为外纤维波纹板单个胞元的波纹翼缘宽度，h外为外纤维波纹板波纹高度。
进一步的，所述内纤维波纹板和外纤维波纹板的材质分别为超高分子量聚乙烯、芳纶纤维(如凯夫拉)、碳纤维或防弹纤维。
进一步的，所述内柔性泡沫和外柔性泡沫的材质为多孔多聚物泡沫。
进一步的，所述内柔性泡沫和外柔性泡沫的材质分别为聚氨酯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯或酚醛。
进一步的，所述内纤维波纹板与内柔性泡沫的质量比为0.6:1～0.9:1；所述外纤维波纹板与外柔性泡沫的质量比为0.6:1～0.9:1。
进一步的，所述内纤维波纹板和外纤维波纹板的总质量与爆炸物的TNT当量(单位为质量单位)之比为25:1～35:1。
进一步的，所述内纤维波纹板与外纤维波纹板的质量比为1:1～1:10。
进一步的，将爆炸物等效为相应当量、长径比为1:1的圆柱形TNT后，所述防爆装置的高度与圆柱形TNT的高度之比为5:1～10:1。
进一步的，同一横截面上，所述内纤维波纹板与外纤维波纹板上径向相邻两个胞元翼缘中心位于同一半径方向。
有益效果
本发明所提供的防爆装置，可实现对爆炸冲击波和破片载荷进行时空解耦化的载荷针对性防护。内筒状结构主要针对冲击波进行强度衰减，外筒状结构主要针对破片进行拦截，依靠内筒状结构减小了冲击波的预先加载破坏，通过弱扰动获得扩散速度减小与破片间的相对速度，同时转移了破片的拦截位置，利用波纹结构存储富余材料从而延迟纤维扩展过程中的裂纹生成时间。即在时间和空间上，柔性复合波纹结构都将冲击波和破片载荷的破坏进行了解耦化防护，极大提高了防护的有效性。
具体的，内外筒状结构一方面利用内纤维波纹板将内柔性泡沫在环向分隔为多个子单元，延长了内柔性泡沫的失效时刻，避免了一般的中空环形整体式泡沫在向外膨胀中由于有限的抗拉强度而提前失效，生成轴向裂纹并在内柔泡沫内部扩展的缺点；而且纤维的波速比柔性泡沫至少高了一个量级，即纤维的应力传播速度远远高于柔性泡沫，可以利用其与柔性泡沫的接触面带动提高柔性泡沫中的应力传播速率，从而提高了柔性泡沫的参与耗能的体积占比；另外波纹纤维可以增强泡沫在轴向上的抗弯强度，从而避免了爆炸物在轴向上生成的不均匀载荷对防护结构造成轴向截断或轴向不均匀膨胀引起过早的失效。另一方面，外纤维波纹板对大部分柔性泡沫可以提供径向约束，迫使内侧的柔性泡沫受到约束后可以更大程度的受压吸能，而且高波阻抗纤维可以抑制外侧稀疏波对吸能泡沫的消极影响。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中防爆装置的结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例1中防爆装置的俯视图。
图3为本发明实施例1中内纤维波纹板单个胞元的结构示意图。
图4为本发明实施例1中外纤维波纹板单个胞元的结构示意图。
图5为本发明实施例1中防爆性能测试的仿真布置示意图。
图6为本发明实施例1中防爆装置在爆炸冲击波及破片加载下的结构响应示意图(仅显示纤维波纹板)；其中，(a1)防爆装置0ms时刻的轴界面图；(a2)防爆装置0ms时刻的俯视图；(b1)防爆装置0.6ms时刻的轴界面图；(b2)防爆装置0.6ms时刻的俯视图。
图7为本发明对比例1和实施例1中防爆装置在爆炸冲击波及破片加载下的应力波传播示意图(仅显示柔性泡沫)：其中，(a1)-(a3)分别为对比例1中防爆装置0.1ms、0.2ms、0.3ms时刻的应力云图；(b1)-(b3)分别为实施例1中防爆装置0.1ms、0.2ms、0.3ms时刻的应力云图。
其中，1-内纤维波纹板；2-内柔性泡沫；3-外纤维波纹板；4-外柔性泡沫；5-爆炸物；6-球形破片；7-防护结构；8-空气域；9-刚性地面。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
一种波纹环形柔性复合防爆装置，包括共轴嵌套的内筒状结构和外筒状结构；内筒状结构包括截面为梯形的内纤维波纹板1和填充在内纤维波纹板1胞元(空心结构)中的内柔性泡沫2；外筒状结构包括截面为倒梯形的外纤维波纹板3和填充在外纤维波纹板3胞元(空心结构)中的外柔性泡沫4；内纤维波纹板1和外纤维波纹板3的胞元个数相同；
复合防爆装置的高度与外径的比值为0.6:1～1.5:1，内径与外径的比值为0.5:1～0.9:1；
内纤维波纹板1完全展开后形成的圆筒外径为内筒状结构外径的1.5～2.5倍；外纤维波纹板3完全展开后形成的圆筒外径为外筒状结构外径的1.5～2.5倍；
Figure BDA0003467791320000061
的取值为0.6～4.8，
Figure BDA0003467791320000062
的取值为0.6～4.8，
Figure BDA0003467791320000063
的取值为0.8～2，
Figure BDA0003467791320000064
的取值为0.8～2，
Figure BDA0003467791320000065
的取值为1.1～1.8；
Figure BDA0003467791320000066
的取值为0.75～1.2；
其中，d内为内纤维波纹板1单个胞元的波纹腹板宽度，(b内/2)为内纤维波纹板1单个胞元的波纹翼缘宽度，h内为内纤维波纹板1波纹高度；d外为外纤维波纹板3单个胞元的波纹腹板宽度，(b外/2)为外纤维波纹板3单个胞元的波纹翼缘宽度，h外为外纤维波纹板3波纹高度。
所述内纤维波纹板1和外纤维波纹板3的材质分别为超高分子量聚乙烯、芳纶纤维(如凯夫拉)、碳纤维或防弹纤维。
所述内柔性泡沫2和外柔性泡沫4的材质为多孔多聚物泡沫。
所述内柔性泡沫2和外柔性泡沫4的材质分别为聚氨酯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯或酚醛。
所述内纤维波纹板1与内柔性泡沫2的质量比为0.6:1～0.9:1；所述外纤维波纹板3与外柔性泡沫4的质量比为0.6:1～0.9:1。
所述内纤维波纹板1和外纤维波纹板3的总质量与爆炸物的TNT当量之比为25:1～35:1。
所述内纤维波纹板1与外纤维波纹板3的质量比为1:1～1:10。
将爆炸物等效为相应当量、长径比为1:1的圆柱形TNT后，所述防爆装置的高度与圆柱形TNT的高度之比为5:1～10:1。
同一横截面上，所述内纤维波纹板1与外纤维波纹板3上径向相邻两个胞元翼缘中心位于同一半径方向。可促使内外柔性泡沫最大程度地被周向纤维板空间限制，在受到冲击载荷压缩的过程中可以被迫获得最大程度的变形吸能，减小了稀疏波对泡沫坍塌吸能的消极影响。
实施例1
如图1-4所示，一种波纹环形柔性复合防爆装置7，包括共轴嵌套的内筒状结构和外筒状结构；内筒状结构包括截面为梯形的内纤维波纹板1和填充在内纤维波纹板1胞元(空心结构)中的内柔性泡沫2；外筒状结构包括截面为倒梯形的外纤维波纹板3和填充在外纤维波纹板3胞元(空心结构)中的外柔性泡沫4；内纤维波纹板1和外纤维波纹板3的胞元个数相同。
内筒状结构的内径为132mm，外径为167.25mm；外筒状结构的内径为168mm，外径为220mm；内筒状结构和外筒状结构的高度为310mm。
内纤维波纹板1单个胞元的波纹翼缘宽度(b内/2)为8mm、波纹腹板宽度d内为17mm、波纹腹板真实长度l内为40mm，内纤维波纹板1的波纹高度h内为35mm，胞元数为13。
外纤维波纹板3单个胞元的波纹翼缘宽度(b外/2)为9.5mm、波纹腹板宽度d外为28mm、波纹腹板真实长度l内为45mm，外纤维波纹板3的波纹高度h外为51mm，胞元数为13。
内纤维波纹板1和外纤维波纹板3均由5层超高分子量聚乙烯复合材料UHMWPE组成；每层厚度为0.45mm、密度为0.98g/m3。
内柔性泡沫2和外柔性泡沫4均采用密度为200kg/m3的硬质聚氨酯泡沫。
爆炸物5为直径50mm、高度40mm的圆柱形TNT炸药，环向包裹125g直径8mm钢珠作为环形破片6。
如图5所示，进行防爆性能测试的仿真布置时，空气域8环境下，防爆装置7放置于刚性地面9上，爆炸物5中心位于防爆装置7的中心轴1/2高度处。
所述防爆装置在爆炸冲击波及破片加载下的结构响应示意图如图6所示，分析其防护过程如下：
第一阶段：冲击波到达内筒状结构，冲击波在空气与内筒状结构的交界面处发生发射透射，以应力波的形式继续传播入内筒状结构中。其中内纤维波纹板1的波速更高，应力波在内纤维波纹板1内部更快地传播至更大的面积，内柔性泡沫2与内纤维波纹板1形成多个分界面，这些分界面提高了应力波反射透射次数，增大了内柔性泡沫2内部的应力波传播效率，爆炸冲击能在内纤维波纹板1和内柔性泡沫2中被大量耗散。
第二阶段：冲击波通过内筒状结构的能量耗散后，衰减为峰值压力较低、持续时间更长的扰动，这些扰动推动外筒状结构中的外纤维波纹板3向远离爆源的方向扩展，从初始的波纹折叠结构膨胀为半径更大的环形防护网，同时外筒状结构中的外柔性泡沫4在外纤维波纹板3的径向约束下，进一步被冲击扰动压实，外筒状结构实现二次冲击能耗散。
第三阶段：破片在爆炸冲击能的驱动下飞散到外纤维波纹板3处，此时外纤维波纹板3由于第二阶段的预先扰动已经获得了可观的初始速度，此速度与对应破片的径向飞散速度的方向一致，因而两者之差的相对速度为外纤维波纹板3需防护的破片速度，大大降低了对外纤维波纹板3的抗破片侵彻性能的要求。同时由于冲击波衰减速度较快，扩展后的外纤维波纹板3环所处位置的冲击波强度已衰减70％及以上，此刻的外纤维波纹板3受到冲击波预加载破坏程度较低，可以较好地发挥其自身的抗破片侵彻的性能优势。
对比例1
本对比例中，将实施例1中的防爆装置替换成由密度为200kg/m3的硬质聚氨酯泡沫形成的圆筒结构，内径为132mm，外径为220mm，高度为310mm。
对比例1和实施例1中防爆装置在爆炸冲击波及破片加载下的应力波传播示意图如图7所示，波纹结构中的泡沫内部应力波在轴向上的传播更加均匀，相比于对比例1中的整体式泡沫，可以明显延迟其失效时刻，通过提高泡沫参与吸能的区域和有效时间获得更好的爆炸削波优势。
仿真结果表明，实施例1中的柔性泡沫的内能转化值相比于对比例1中的传统整体式泡沫提高了45％以上，破片的平均速度衰减率提高20％以上。
综上所述，发明包括但不限于以上实施例，凡是在本发明的精神和原则之下进行的任何等同替换或局部改进，都将视为在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种波纹环形柔性复合防爆装置，其特征在于：包括共轴嵌套的内筒状结构和外筒状结构；内筒状结构包括截面为梯形的内纤维波纹板(1)和填充在内纤维波纹板(1)胞元中的内柔性泡沫(2)；外筒状结构包括截面为倒梯形的外纤维波纹板(3)和填充在外纤维波纹板(3)胞元中的外柔性泡沫(4)；内纤维波纹板(1)和外纤维波纹板(3)的胞元个数相同；
复合防爆装置的高度与外径的比值为0.6:1～1.5:1，内径与外径的比值为0.5:1～0.9:1。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种波纹环形柔性复合防爆装置，其特征在于：所述内纤维波纹板(1)完全展开后形成的圆筒外径为内筒状结构外径的1.5～2.5倍；所述外纤维波纹板(3)完全展开后形成的圆筒外径为外筒状结构外径的1.5～2.5倍；
Figure FDA0003467791310000011
的取值为0.6～4.8，
Figure FDA0003467791310000012
的取值为0.6～4.8，
Figure FDA0003467791310000013
的取值为0.8～2，
Figure FDA0003467791310000014
的取值为0.8～2，
Figure FDA0003467791310000015
的取值为1.1～1.8；
Figure FDA0003467791310000016
的取值为0.75～1.2；
其中，d内为内纤维波纹板(1)单个胞元的波纹腹板宽度，(b内/2)为内纤维波纹板(1)单个胞元的波纹翼缘宽度，h内为内纤维波纹板(1)波纹高度；d外为外纤维波纹板(3)单个胞元的波纹腹板宽度，(b外/2)为外纤维波纹板3)单个胞元的波纹翼缘宽度，h外为外纤维波纹板(3)波纹高度。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种波纹环形柔性复合防爆装置，其特征在于：所述内纤维波纹板(1)和外纤维波纹板(3)的材质分别为超高分子量聚乙烯、芳纶纤维、碳纤维或防弹纤维。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种波纹环形柔性复合防爆装置，其特征在于：所述内柔性泡沫(2)和外柔性泡沫(4)的材质为多孔多聚物泡沫。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种波纹环形柔性复合防爆装置，其特征在于：所述内柔性泡沫(2)和外柔性泡沫(4)的材质分别为聚氨酯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯或酚醛。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种波纹环形柔性复合防爆装置，其特征在于：所述内纤维波纹板(1)与内柔性泡沫(2)的质量比为0.6:1～0.9:1；所述外纤维波纹板(3)与外柔性泡沫(4)的质量比为0.6:1～0.9:1。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种波纹环形柔性复合防爆装置，其特征在于：所述内纤维波纹板(1)和外纤维波纹板(3)的总质量与爆炸物的TNT当量之比为25:1～35:1。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种波纹环形柔性复合防爆装置，其特征在于：所述内纤维波纹板(1)与外纤维波纹板(3)的质量比为1:1～1:10。
9.如权利要求1所述的一种波纹环形柔性复合防爆装置，其特征在于：将爆炸物等效为相应当量、长径比为1:1的圆柱形TNT后，所述防爆装置的高度与圆柱形TNT的高度之比为5:1～10:1。
10.如权利要求1所述的一种波纹环形柔性复合防爆装置，其特征在于：同一横截面上，所述内纤维波纹板(1)与外纤维波纹板(3)上径向相邻两个胞元翼缘中心位于同一半径方向。
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CN113639604A (zh) * 2021-06-29 2021-11-12 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 一种复合芯体夹心圆筒防爆结构

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