CN114459165A - Heat engine system for approximately isothermal twice expansion work - Google Patents
Heat engine system for approximately isothermal twice expansion work Download PDFInfo
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- CN114459165A CN114459165A CN202210133332.1A CN202210133332A CN114459165A CN 114459165 A CN114459165 A CN 114459165A CN 202210133332 A CN202210133332 A CN 202210133332A CN 114459165 A CN114459165 A CN 114459165A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B1/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B1/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements
- F01B1/01—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements with one single cylinder
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B17/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by use of uniflow principle
- F01B17/02—Engines
- F01B17/022—Engines with fluid heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/40—Fluid line arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
A heat engine system for doing work by approximately isothermal two-time expansion comprises a compressor, a heat exchanger, a condenser, a heater, an evaporator and a radiator. The compressor is connected with a heat exchanger, a condenser and a heater. The heater is connected with an isobaric converter. The isobaric converter is connected with a gas working medium pump and a gas reheater. The isobaric converter is connected with a buck converter, and the buck converter is connected with the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is connected with an evaporator, a gas-liquid separator and a radiator, and the radiator is connected with the compressor. The gas-liquid separator is connected with a liquid working medium pump and a liquid reheater, and the liquid reheater is connected with the isobaric converter and the step-down converter. The pressure reducing converter is connected with the condenser, the condenser is connected with the evaporator, and the evaporator is connected with the pressure reducing converter. The heat engine system with the approximately isothermal secondary expansion working function has the advantages of reasonable design, simple and ingenious structure, can better adapt to low temperature, and can effectively improve the system efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to power machinery, in particular to a heat engine system which works by approximately isothermal two-time expansion.
Background
Because light and heat can utilize wider light resources, the heat-retaining can be more economical and safe to make solar-thermal power generation have many advantages, can provide stable energy. However, the solar energy flux density is low and it is difficult to achieve a higher temperature to accommodate current engine efficiencies. In addition, the heat engine in the prior art mainly adopts isentropic expansion to do work, the structure is complex, and the system efficiency is low, such as a steam turbine and the like. Therefore, the person skilled in the art provides a heat engine system with approximately isothermal double expansion work to solve the above technical problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a heat engine system which works by approximately isothermal expansion twice, has reasonable design, simple and ingenious structure, can better adapt to low temperature and can effectively improve the system efficiency.
The invention relates to a heat engine system for doing work by approximate isothermal secondary expansion, which comprises a compressor, a heat exchanger, a condenser, a heater, an evaporator and a radiator. The compressor is connected with a heat exchanger, a condenser and a heater in sequence through a high-pressure pipeline. The heater is connected with an isobaric converter through a high-pressure pipeline. The isobaric converter is sequentially connected with a gas working medium pump and a gas reheater through an isobaric pipeline to form a gas reheating circulating system. The isobaric converter is connected with a step-down converter through a pipeline, and the step-down converter is connected with the heat exchanger through a low-pressure pipeline. The heat exchanger is sequentially connected with an evaporator, a gas-liquid separator and a radiator through a low-pressure pipeline, and the radiator is connected with the compressor through the low-pressure pipeline. The gas-liquid separator is sequentially connected with a liquid working medium pump and a liquid reheater through liquid pipelines, and the liquid reheater is respectively connected with the isobaric converter and the buck converter through the liquid pipelines to form a liquid reheating circulating system. The pressure-reducing converter is connected with the condenser through a heat return pipeline, the condenser is connected with the evaporator through a heat return pipeline, and the evaporator is connected with the pressure-reducing converter through a heat return pipeline to form a heat return circulation system.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the system converts the original heat engine mode of isentropic expansion work into the heat engine mode of two power structures, wherein the heat engine mode comprises that the working medium is converted into isobaric expansion volume work and isentropic expansion volume work in the isobaric heat absorption expansion process through one-time approximate isothermal isobaric expansion work and one-time isothermal decompression expansion work, and the two-time expansion mode works. The heat engine type not only simplifies the complex mechanical structure, but also can better adapt to low temperature, and a new heat engine mode is created. Meanwhile, heat exchange and heat return are added, and the process of energy conversion twice is distributed, so that the aim of improving the system efficiency is fulfilled.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic operation diagram of an embodiment 1 of a heat engine system for approximately isothermal double-expansion work according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic operation diagram of an embodiment 2 of the heat engine system for performing approximately isothermal double-expansion work according to the invention.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an isobaric converter according to the invention.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a buck converter according to the present invention.
1-compressor 2-heat exchanger 3-condenser 4-heater 5-gas reheater 6-gas working medium pump 7-isobaric converter 8-buck converter 9-evaporator 10-radiator 11-high pressure pipeline 12-low pressure pipeline 13-return pipeline 14-isobaric pipeline 15-isobaric converter cylinder 16-isobaric converter piston 17-isobaric converter inlet pipeline 18-isobaric converter exhaust pipeline 19-reheat inlet pipe 20-reheat outlet pipe 21-buck converter cylinder A22-buck converter cylinder B23-buck converter piston 24-piston connecting rod 25-backheating working medium inlet 26-backheating working medium outlet 27-cylinder A inlet 28-cylinder A outlet 29-cylinder B inlet 30-cylinder B outlet 31-gas-liquid separator 32-liquid working medium pump 33-liquid reheater 34-liquid pipeline 35-nozzle.
Detailed Description
Example 1: an isobaric pressure transducer used in the present embodiment is now described with reference to fig. 1, in conjunction with the specific embodiment, as follows: the invention relates to a heat engine system for approximately isothermal twice expansion work, which comprises a compressor 1, a heat exchanger 2, a condenser 3, a heater 4, an evaporator 9, a radiator 10, a plurality of valves and the like. The compressor 1 is connected with a heat exchanger 2, a condenser 3 and a heater 4 in sequence through a high-pressure pipeline 11. The heater 4 is connected to an isobaric converter 7 through a high-pressure pipe 11. The isobaric converter 7 is sequentially connected with a gas working medium pump 6 and a gas reheater 5 through an isobaric pipeline 14 to form a gas reheating circulating system. The isobaric converter 7 is connected to a buck converter 8 via a line, and the buck converter 8 is connected to the heat exchanger 2 via a low-pressure line 12. The heat exchanger 2 is sequentially connected with an evaporator 9, a gas-liquid separator 31 and a radiator 10 through a low-pressure pipeline 12, and the radiator 10 is connected with the compressor 1 through the low-pressure pipeline 12. The gas-liquid separator 31 is sequentially connected with a liquid working medium pump 32 and a liquid reheater 33 through a liquid pipeline 34, and the liquid reheater 33 is respectively connected with the isobaric converter 7 and the buck converter 8 through the liquid pipeline 34 to form a liquid reheating circulating system. The step-down converter 8 is connected with the condenser 3 through a heat return pipeline 13, the condenser 3 is connected with the evaporator 9 through the heat return pipeline 13, and the evaporator 9 is connected with the step-down converter 8 through the heat return pipeline 13 to form a heat return circulating system.
The embodiment is based on Brayton cycle, and the working process is as follows: the low-temperature low-pressure gas working medium is input into the compressor 1, and is compressed and boosted to become a high-pressure gas working medium, the high-pressure gas working medium is input into the heat exchanger 2 and the condenser 3 to absorb waste heat, and the high-pressure gas working medium starts to be heated. The condenser 3 is a high-pressure gas working medium heated by the heat released by the heat regeneration working medium after being liquefied and condensed. Then the high-pressure gas working medium is input into the heater 4 to continuously absorb heat, and becomes a high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium. The process of changing high-pressure gas working medium into high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium by heat absorption belongs to isobaric heat absorption expansion. The change of high-pressure gas working medium into high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium has two physical quantity changes: isobaric volume expansion and temperature increase. At this time, the high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium is continuously introduced into the isobaric converter 7 to provide constant pressure for the isobaric converter 7, namely isobaric acting. The high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium pushes the mechanical structure to do work under the equal pressure in the equal-pressure converter 7. After the isobaric work is finished, the isobaric converter 7 is disconnected with the heater 4 and is connected with the buck converter 8. The high temperature and high pressure gas working medium in the isobaric converter 7 applies work to the mechanical structure in the buck converter 8. At this time, the high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium in the isobaric converter 7 is not continuously supplied with the high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium, and can only continue to expand by the self pressure and internal energy to perform isothermal pressure reduction expansion, so that the mechanical structure in the pressure reduction converter 8 is pushed to do work until the working medium is reduced to the low-pressure gas working medium. The low-pressure gas medium in the isobaric converter 7 and the buck converter 8 is discharged. The low-pressure gas transfers heat to the pressurized high-pressure gas working medium through the heat exchanger 2. The heat exchanger 2 is a common dividing wall type heat exchanger, one side is a high-pressure gas working medium, the other side is a low-pressure gas working medium, and the heat exchanger is separated and only exchanges heat. Then the low-pressure gas working medium enters the evaporator 9, the evaporator 9 is also a dividing wall type heat exchange device, and the regenerative working medium evaporates and absorbs heat at the evaporator and continuously cools the low-pressure gas working medium. The low-pressure gas working medium continues to enter the radiator 10, finally becomes a low-temperature low-pressure gas working medium, and finally enters the compressor 1. The buck converter 8 may be air-cooled or water-cooled as is common practice. The compressor 1, the heat exchanger 2, the condenser 3, the heater 4, the evaporator 9, and the radiator 10 are conventional devices, and are not described in detail in this specification.
Further, referring now to fig. 3, the isobaric converter 7 includes an isobaric converter cylinder 15 and an isobaric converter piston 16. The isobaric converter cylinder 15 is provided with an isobaric converter inlet pipe 17 and an isobaric converter outlet pipe 18 at one end, a reheating inlet pipe 19 is arranged at the center of the isobaric converter cylinder, the end is also connected with a liquid pipeline 34, and the liquid pipeline 34 extends to the interior of the isobaric converter cylinder 15 and is connected with a nozzle 35. An isobaric converter piston 16 is arranged inside the isobaric converter cylinder body 15, a reheating air outlet pipe 20 is arranged in the center of the isobaric converter piston 16, and the reheating air outlet pipe penetrates out of the other end of the isobaric converter cylinder body 15.
Preferably, the isobaric converter 7 is made of a heat insulating material, reducing energy losses during operation. Valves are arranged at the positions of the isobaric converter air inlet pipeline 17, the isobaric converter exhaust pipeline 18, the reheating air inlet pipe 19 and the reheating air outlet pipe 20. The isobaric converter piston 16 is provided with a sealing ring.
In the present embodiment, the isobaric converter piston 16 outputs energy in the form of a piston rod. The reheat outlet pipe 20 is arranged in the piston rod. When the high-pressure constant-pressure converter operates, a high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium enters the constant-pressure converter 7 to push the constant-pressure converter piston 16 to operate, and the constant-pressure converter piston 16 outputs mechanical energy outwards through the piston rod. In the process, the energy of isobaric heat absorption expansion of the gas working medium is converted into mechanical energy under constant pressure. Mechanical energy output outwards through the piston rod can do work on mechanical equipment needing constant thrust, for example, the mechanical equipment can be pushed to run, and the mechanical equipment can be applied to machinery such as a heading machine. Alternatively, the isobaric converter pistons 16 may also perform the conversion of mechanical energy through a hydraulic mode. And under constant pressure, carrying out a hydraulic turbine to drive a generator to output electric energy and the like.
Further, referring to fig. 4, the buck converter 8 includes a buck converter cylinder a21, a buck converter cylinder B22, a buck converter piston 23, and a piston rod 24. One end of the buck converter cylinder A, B is integrally connected so that the two cylinders form an integral form; the connecting ends of the two cylinder bodies are respectively provided with a regenerative working medium air inlet 25 and a regenerative working medium air outlet 26. The other end of the buck converter cylinder A21 is provided with a cylinder A air inlet 27 and a cylinder A air outlet 28, the center of the cylinder A air outlet is connected with a liquid pipeline 34, and the liquid pipeline 34 extends to the interior of the buck converter cylinder A21 and is connected with a nozzle 35. The other end of the buck converter cylinder B22 is provided with a cylinder B air inlet 29 and a cylinder A air outlet 30, the center of the cylinder B air inlet and the center of the cylinder A air outlet are connected with a liquid pipeline 34, and the liquid pipeline 34 extends to the interior of the buck converter cylinder B22 and is connected with a nozzle 35. The two buck converter cylinders A, B are all provided with buck converter pistons 23 inside, and the two pistons are connected as an organic whole through piston connecting rod 24, piston connecting rod 24 activity runs through the junction of two cylinders, and its both ends are connected with two pistons respectively.
Preferably, the buck converter 8 is made of a heat insulating material, so that energy loss during operation is reduced. Wherein the air inlet and the air outlet are both provided with valves. A seal ring is arranged on the buck converter piston 23. When the high-pressure gas working medium is operated, the voltage-reducing converter 8 fully utilizes the complementary energy of the high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium which completes isobaric acting in the isobaric converter 7. The part of energy is converted into mechanical energy to drive the regenerative system to work and perform regenerative operation, so that a regenerative cycle system is formed, and the system efficiency is improved.
In this embodiment, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas working medium directly applies work to the piston in the pressure reduction conversion. During operation, the working medium with high temperature and high pressure enters from the cylinder A air inlet 27 of the buck converter cylinder A21, the piston in the buck converter cylinder A21 is pushed to move rightwards, and the piston pushes the piston in the buck converter cylinder B22 to move rightwards through the piston connecting rod 24. When the piston of the buck converter cylinder A21 runs rightwards, the regenerative working medium on the right side of the piston inside the buck converter cylinder A21 is compressed, so that the regenerative working medium is boosted and enters the condenser 3 to be liquefied and release heat, and then regenerative heating is performed. In the process that the piston of the buck converter cylinder B22 runs rightwards, the left side of the piston sucks regenerative working media, and the right side of the piston discharges low-pressure working media until the piston reaches the rightmost stroke. Then, in the next step-down process of the isobaric converter 7, the air inlet connected with the buck converter cylinder B22 is opened, the piston inside the buck converter cylinder B22 runs leftwards, the buck converter cylinder B22 pressurizes the regenerative working medium on the left side of the piston, and the buck converter cylinder A21 sucks the regenerative working medium and discharges the low-pressure working medium until the stroke is completed. The above processes are repeated continuously from left to right.
In addition, the liquid working medium can also be used to work the piston in the buck converter 8. During operation, the isobaric converter 7 is disconnected from the heater 4, the high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium in the isobaric converter 7 is subjected to isothermal pressure reduction expansion to push liquid, and the liquid pushes the piston in the pressure reduction converter 8 to operate left and right as described above. The high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium is subjected to isothermal voltage reduction change in the isobaric converter 7, is transmitted to the buck converter 8 through liquid, and is converted into mechanical energy in the buck converter 8, so that a heat regeneration process is realized, and a heat regeneration circulation system is formed.
Further, referring to fig. 1, 2, and 3, the gas reheater 5, the gas working medium pump 6, and the isobaric converter 7 operate synchronously, and reheat the high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium in the isobaric converter 7, so as to ensure that the high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium in the isobaric converter 7 operates at an approximately isothermal pressure and at an equal external pressure.
In this embodiment, only the reheat inlet pipe 19 is provided on the right side, and the reheat outlet pipe 20 is provided in the piston as an example. And the high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium enters the isobaric converter 7 to push the isobaric converter piston 16 to do work under the same pressure, so that the internal energy of the high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium is reduced. In the thermodynamic moderate temperature equal external pressure working process: the sucked heat is equal to the output work, and the heat-work conversion is obtained to the maximum. Therefore, high-temperature and high-pressure gas working media in the isobaric converter 7 enter the gas working medium pump 6 through the reheating gas outlet pipe 20, the gas working medium pump 6 enables the high-temperature and high-pressure gas working media to operate in an isobaric state, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas working media enter the gas reheater 5 to be reheated, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas working media enter the isobaric converter 7 again through the reheating gas inlet pipe 19 to complete gas reheating circulation. The reheating cycle and the isobaric acting process of the isobaric replacing device 7 are synchronously opened and closed, so that the working medium temperature change is very small in the isobaric acting process, and the approximately isothermal equal-external-pressure expansion acting is realized.
Further, referring to fig. 1, 3 and 4, the liquid reheater 33 is connected to the isobaric converter 7 and the buck converter 8, and high-temperature and high-pressure liquid is introduced into the isobaric converter 7 and the buck converter 8 in the buck process to realize an isothermal buck work process, thereby forming a liquid reheating cycle system.
In this embodiment, the liquid reheating cycle system is composed of a gas-liquid separator 31, a liquid working medium pump 32, a liquid reheater 33, a liquid pipeline 34, and a nozzle 35. The gas-liquid mixture is separated by the gas-liquid separator 31, the gas working medium enters the radiator, the liquid working medium is pressurized by the liquid working medium pump 32 and enters the liquid reheater 33 to absorb heat to become high-temperature and high-pressure liquid working medium, and the high-temperature and high-pressure liquid working medium is sprayed to the isobaric converter 7 and the buck converter 8 through the liquid pipeline 34 and the nozzle 35. The liquid medium is sprayed into a mist shape, so that the contact area of liquid and gas is increased, the heat exchange efficiency is increased, the heat of the liquid medium is transferred to the gas medium, and the constant temperature of the gas medium in the isothermal pressure reduction working process is maintained. In the step-down converter 8, the high-temperature high-pressure gas performs step-down work and becomes low pressure, and the low-pressure gas working medium at the moment is in a mixed state with the liquid working medium. Then the gas working medium and the liquid working medium in a mixed state are subjected to heat regeneration through the heat exchanger 2 and the evaporator 9, and then enter the gas-liquid separator 31, and the liquid working medium and the gas working medium are separated. The liquid working medium enters the liquid working medium pump 32 to form a liquid reheating cycle.
The liquid reheating circulating system is started when the isobaric converter 7 and the buck converter 8 work synchronously, namely the high-temperature high-pressure working medium gas in the isobaric converter 7 and the buck converter 8 works in a buck mode, and the liquid reheating circulating system is closed when the buck is finished. The temperature of the high-temperature high-pressure working medium gas in the isobaric converter 7 and the buck converter 8 is reduced in the buck working process, and the liquid reheating circulating system mainly completes heat supplement to the high-temperature high-pressure working medium gas in the buck working process, so that the isothermal buck working process is realized. The liquid working medium in the liquid reheating circulation system absorbs heat in the liquid reheater 33 to become high-temperature liquid working medium, the high-temperature liquid working medium is sprayed into mist through the nozzles 35 respectively arranged on the isobaric converter 7 and the buck converter 8 through the liquid pipeline 34, and the high-temperature liquid working medium is fully contacted with the gas working medium in the isobaric converter 7 and the buck converter 8 to exchange heat, so that the constant temperature state of the gas working medium in the isobaric converter 7 and the buck converter 8 is maintained.
Example 2: two isobaric converters are used in this embodiment, and are now described with reference to fig. 2, in conjunction with the specific embodiment, as follows: the invention relates to a heat engine system for approximately isothermal twice expansion work, which comprises a compressor 1, a heat exchanger 2, a condenser 3, a heater 4, an evaporator 9, a radiator 10, a plurality of valves and the like. The compressor 1 is connected with a heat exchanger 2, a condenser 3 and a heater 4 in sequence through a high-pressure pipeline 11. The heater 4 is connected with an isobaric converter A701 and an isobaric converter B702 through a high-pressure pipeline 11, and the two isobaric converters are connected in parallel. The isobaric converters A, B operate alternately and continuously and are each connected by a pipe to a buck converter 8. And the isobaric converter A, B is sequentially connected with a gas working medium pump 6 and a gas reheater 5 through an isobaric pipeline 14 to form a gas reheating circulating system. The step-down converter 8 is connected to the heat exchanger 2 via a low-pressure line 12. The heat exchanger 2 is sequentially connected with an evaporator 9, a gas-liquid separator 31 and a radiator 10 through a low-pressure pipeline 12, and the radiator 10 is connected with the compressor 1 through the low-pressure pipeline 12. The gas-liquid separator 31 is sequentially connected with a liquid working medium pump 32 and a liquid reheater 33 through a liquid pipeline 34, and the liquid reheater 33 is respectively connected with the isobaric converter A, B and the buck converter 8 through the liquid pipeline 34 to form a liquid reheating circulating system. The step-down converter 8 is connected with the condenser 3 through a heat return pipeline 13, the condenser 3 is connected with the evaporator 9 through the heat return pipeline 13, and the evaporator 9 is connected with the step-down converter 8 through the heat return pipeline 13.
The embodiment also takes the brayton cycle as an example of the basic cycle, and the working process is as follows: the low-temperature low-pressure gas working medium is input into the compressor 1, and is compressed and boosted to become a high-pressure gas working medium, the high-pressure gas working medium is input into the heat exchanger 2 and the condenser 3 to absorb waste heat, and the high-pressure gas working medium starts to be heated. The condenser 3 is a high-pressure gas working medium heated by the heat released by the heat regeneration working medium after being liquefied and condensed. Then the high-pressure gas working medium is input into the heater 4 to continuously absorb heat, and becomes a high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium. The process of changing high-pressure gas working medium into high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium by heat absorption belongs to isobaric heat absorption expansion. The change of high-pressure gas working medium into high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium has two physical quantity changes: isobaric volume expansion and temperature increase. At this time, the high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium is continuously introduced into the isobaric converter 7 to provide constant pressure for the isobaric converter 7. The high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium pushes the mechanical structure to do work under the equal pressure in the equal-pressure converter 7. After the isobaric work is finished, the isobaric converter 7 is disconnected with the heater 4 and is connected with the buck converter 8. The high temperature and high pressure gas working medium in the isobaric converter 7 applies work to the mechanical structure in the buck converter 8. At this time, the high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium in the isobaric converter 7 is not continuously supplied with the high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium, and can only continue to expand by the pressure and the internal energy of the high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium to perform isothermal pressure reduction expansion, so that the mechanical structure in the pressure reduction converter 8 is pushed to do work until the working medium is reduced to a low-pressure gas working medium. The low-pressure gas medium in the isobaric converter 7 and the buck converter 8 is discharged. The low-pressure gas transfers heat to the pressurized high-pressure gas working medium through the heat exchanger 2. The heat exchanger 2 is a common dividing wall type heat exchanger, one side is a high-pressure gas working medium, the other side is a low-pressure gas working medium, and the heat exchanger is separated and only exchanges heat. Then the low-pressure gas working medium enters the evaporator 9, the evaporator 9 is also a dividing wall type heat exchange device, and the regenerative working medium evaporates and absorbs heat at the evaporator and continuously cools the low-pressure gas working medium. The low-pressure gas working medium continues to enter the radiator 10, finally becomes a low-temperature low-pressure gas working medium, and finally enters the compressor 1. The buck converter 8 may be air-cooled or water-cooled as is common practice. The compressor 1, the heat exchanger 2, the condenser 3, the heater 4, the evaporator 9, and the radiator 10 are conventional devices, and are not described in detail in this specification.
In this embodiment, when the high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium applies work to the isobaric converter a701 in an isobaric manner, the isobaric converter B702 sequentially completes the processes of isothermal pressure reduction working and low-pressure gas working medium discharge. When the high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium works isobaric work on the isobaric converter A701, the isobaric converter B702 also finishes discharging the low-pressure gas working medium. Wherein, the low-pressure gas working medium is discharged according to the condition that the isobaric converter piston 16 returns to the air inlet position again. At this time, the heater 4 is connected with the isobaric converter B702 which discharges low-pressure gas working medium, and the isobaric converter A701 which finishes acting is disconnected. The isobaric converter A701 which completes isobaric work starts isothermal pressure reduction work and then discharges low-pressure gas working media. The continuous operation is alternated in this way, so as to realize the continuous output of the energy of isobaric work. In addition, two isobaric converters 7 are connected to two cylinders in the buck converter 8, respectively.
Further, referring now to fig. 3, the isobaric converter 7 includes an isobaric converter cylinder 15 and an isobaric converter piston 16. The isobaric converter cylinder 15 is provided with an isobaric converter inlet pipe 17 and an isobaric converter outlet pipe 18 at one end, a reheating inlet pipe 19 is arranged at the center of the isobaric converter cylinder, the end is also connected with a liquid pipeline 34, and the liquid pipeline 34 extends to the interior of the isobaric converter cylinder 15 and is connected with a nozzle 35. An isobaric converter piston 16 is arranged inside the isobaric converter cylinder body 15, a reheating air outlet pipe 20 is arranged in the center of the isobaric converter piston 16, and the reheating air outlet pipe penetrates out of the other end of the isobaric converter cylinder body 15.
Preferably, the isobaric converter 7 is made of a heat insulating material, reducing energy losses during operation. Valves can be arranged at the isobaric converter air inlet pipeline 17, the isobaric converter exhaust pipeline 18, the reheating air inlet pipe 19 and the reheating air outlet pipe 20. The isobaric converter piston 16 is provided with a sealing ring.
In the present embodiment, the isobaric converter piston 16 outputs energy in the form of a piston rod. And the reheating air outlet pipe 20 is arranged in the piston rod. When the high-pressure gas working medium is operated, the high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium enters the isobaric converter 7 to push the isobaric converter piston 16 to operate, and the isobaric converter piston 16 outputs mechanical energy outwards through the piston rod. In the process, the energy of isobaric heat absorption expansion of the gas working medium is converted into mechanical energy under constant pressure. Mechanical energy output outwards through the piston rod can do work on mechanical equipment needing constant thrust, for example, the mechanical equipment can be pushed to run, and the mechanical equipment can be applied to machinery such as a heading machine. Alternatively, the isobaric converter pistons 16 may also perform the conversion of mechanical energy through a hydraulic mode. And under constant pressure, carrying out a hydraulic turbine to drive a generator to output electric energy and the like.
Further, referring to fig. 4, the buck converter 8 includes a buck converter cylinder a21, a buck converter cylinder B22, a buck converter piston 23, and a piston rod 24. One end of the buck converter cylinder A, B is integrally connected so that the two cylinders form an integral form; the connecting ends of the two cylinder bodies are respectively provided with a regenerative working medium air inlet 25 and a regenerative working medium air outlet 26. The other end of the buck converter cylinder A21 is provided with a cylinder A air inlet 27 and a cylinder A air outlet 28, the center of the cylinder A air outlet is connected with a liquid pipeline 34, and the liquid pipeline 34 extends to the interior of the buck converter cylinder A21 and is connected with a nozzle 35. The other end of the buck converter cylinder B22 is provided with a cylinder B air inlet 29 and a cylinder A air outlet 30, the center of the cylinder B air inlet and the center of the cylinder A air outlet are connected with a liquid pipeline 34, and the liquid pipeline 34 extends to the interior of the buck converter cylinder B22 and is connected with a nozzle 35. The two buck converter cylinders A, B are all provided with buck converter pistons 23 inside, and the two pistons are connected as an organic whole through piston connecting rod 24, piston connecting rod 24 activity runs through the junction of two cylinders, and its both ends are connected with two pistons respectively.
Preferably, the buck converter 8 is made of a heat insulating material, so that energy loss during operation is reduced. Wherein the air inlet and the air outlet are provided with valves. The buck converter piston 23 is provided with a sealing ring. When the high-pressure gas working medium is operated, the voltage-reducing converter 8 fully utilizes the complementary energy of the high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium which completes isobaric acting in the isobaric converter 7. The part of energy is converted into mechanical energy to drive the regenerative system to work and perform regenerative operation, so that a regenerative cycle system is formed, and the system efficiency is improved.
In this embodiment, the same as embodiment 1, the working medium of high-temperature and high-pressure gas directly applies work to the piston in the pressure-reducing conversion. During operation, the working medium with high temperature and high pressure enters from the cylinder A air inlet 27 of the buck converter cylinder A21, the piston in the buck converter cylinder A21 is pushed to move rightwards, and the piston pushes the piston in the buck converter cylinder B22 to move rightwards through the piston connecting rod 24. When the piston of the buck converter cylinder A21 runs rightwards, the regenerative working medium on the right side of the piston inside the buck converter cylinder A21 is compressed, so that the regenerative working medium is boosted and enters the condenser 3 to be liquefied and release heat, and then regenerative heating is performed. In the process that the piston of the buck converter cylinder B22 runs rightwards, the left side of the piston sucks regenerative working media, and the right side of the piston discharges low-pressure working media until the piston reaches the rightmost stroke. Then in the next step-down process of the isobaric converter, an air inlet connected with a step-down converter cylinder B22 is opened, a piston in the step-down converter cylinder B22 runs leftwards, the step-down converter cylinder B22 pressurizes a regenerative working medium on the left side of the piston, and the step-down converter cylinder A21 sucks the regenerative working medium and discharges a low-pressure working medium until the stroke is completed. The above processes are repeated continuously from left to right.
In addition, the liquid working medium can also be used to work the piston in the buck converter 8. During the operation process, the isobaric converter 7 is disconnected from the heater 4, the high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium in the isobaric converter 7 is adiabatically expanded to push liquid, and the liquid pushes a piston in the buck converter 8 to operate left and right. The high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium is subjected to isothermal voltage reduction change in the isobaric converter 7 and is converted into mechanical energy in the voltage reduction converter 8, so that the heat regeneration process is realized as described above.
Further, referring to fig. 2, 3 and 4, the gas reheater 5, the gas working medium pump 6 and the isobaric converter 7 operate synchronously, and reheat the high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium in the isobaric converter 7, so that the high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium in the isobaric converter 7 is guaranteed to operate at an approximately isothermal and equal external pressure.
In this embodiment, only the reheat inlet pipe 19 is disposed on the right side, and the reheat outlet pipe 20 is disposed in the piston. And the high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium enters the isobaric converter 7 to push the isobaric converter piston 16 to do work under the same pressure, so that the internal energy of the high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium is reduced. In the thermodynamic moderate temperature equal external pressure working process: the sucked heat is equal to the output work, and the heat-work conversion is obtained to the maximum. Therefore, high-temperature and high-pressure gas working media in the isobaric converter 7 enter the gas working medium pump 6 through the reheating gas outlet pipe 20, the gas working medium pump 6 enables the high-temperature and high-pressure gas working media to operate in an isobaric state, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas working media enter the gas reheater 5 to be reheated, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas working media enter the isobaric converter 7 again through the reheating gas inlet pipe 19 to complete reheating circulation. The reheating cycle and the isobaric converter 7 are synchronously opened and closed for isobaric acting, so that the working medium temperature change is very small in the isobaric acting process, and the approximately isothermal and isobaric expansion acting is realized.
Further, referring to fig. 2, 3 and 4, the liquid reheater 33 is connected to the isobaric converter 7 and the buck converter 8, and the high-temperature and high-pressure liquid is introduced into the isobaric converter 7 and the buck converter 8 during the buck process, so as to implement the isothermal buck working process.
In this embodiment, the liquid reheating cycle system is composed of a gas-liquid separation pump 31, a liquid working medium pump 32, a liquid reheater 33, a liquid pipeline 34, and a nozzle 35. The gas-liquid mixture is separated by the gas-liquid separation pump 31, the gas working medium enters the radiator, the liquid working medium is pressurized by the liquid working medium pump 32 and enters the liquid reheater 33 to absorb heat to become a high-temperature high-pressure liquid working medium, and the high-temperature high-pressure liquid working medium is sprayed to the isobaric converter 7 and the buck converter 8 through the liquid pipeline 34 and the nozzle 35. The spray is atomized, the contact area of liquid and gas is increased, the heat exchange efficiency is increased, the heat of the liquid working medium is transferred to the gas working medium, and the isothermal pressure reduction working process of the gas working medium is maintained. In the step-down converter 8, the high-temperature high-pressure gas performs step-down work and becomes low pressure, and the low-pressure gas working medium at the moment is in a mixed state with the liquid working medium. Then the heat is regenerated through the heat exchanger 2 and the evaporator 9, and then the heat enters the gas-liquid separation pump 31, and the liquid working medium and the gas working medium are separated. The liquid working medium enters the liquid working medium pump 32 to form a liquid reheating cycle.
The liquid reheating circulating system is started when the isobaric converter and the buck converter work synchronously, heat supplement is mainly carried out in the process of sinking the high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium to reduce voltage, and the process of isothermal voltage reduction working is completed.
The liquid working medium absorbs heat in the liquid reheater 33 and becomes a high-temperature liquid working medium, the liquid working medium is respectively arranged on the isobaric converter 7 and the buck converter 8 through the nozzles 35 through the liquid pipeline 34, the high-temperature liquid working medium is sprayed into a mist shape to be fully contacted with the gas working medium in the isobaric converter 7 and the buck converter 8 for heat exchange, the heat exchange area is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
In the above two embodiments, the operation process of the present invention is illustrated by one isobaric converter 7 and two isobaric converters 7, and on the same principle, three or more isobaric converters 7 may also be adopted to realize that the isobaric converters 7 sequentially complete isothermal and isobaric work, and are sequentially connected to the buck converter 8 to complete isothermal and buck work.
Having shown and described the basic principles and essential features of the invention and its advantages, it will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the heat engine operation. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides an approximate isothermal two heat engine systems that expand and do work, includes compressor (1), heat exchanger (2), condenser (3), heater (4), evaporimeter (9) and radiator (10), its characterized in that: the compressor (1) is sequentially connected with a heat exchanger (2), a condenser (3) and a heater (4) through a high-pressure pipeline (11); the heater (4) is connected with an isobaric converter (7) through a high-pressure pipeline (11); the isobaric converter (7) is sequentially connected with a gas working medium pump (6) and a gas reheater (5) through an isobaric pipeline (14) to form a gas reheating circulating system; the isobaric converter (7) is connected with a buck converter (8) through a pipeline, and the buck converter (8) is connected with the heat exchanger (2) through a low-pressure pipeline (12); the heat exchanger (2) is sequentially connected with an evaporator (9), a gas-liquid separator (31) and a radiator (10) through a low-pressure pipeline (12), and the radiator (10) is connected with the compressor (1) through the low-pressure pipeline (12); the gas-liquid separator (31) is sequentially connected with a liquid working medium pump (32) and a liquid reheater (33) through a liquid pipeline (34), and the liquid reheater (33) is respectively connected with the isobaric converter (7) and the pressure reduction converter (8) through the liquid pipeline (34) to form a liquid reheating circulating system; the pressure reduction converter (8) is connected with the condenser (3) through a heat return pipeline (13), the condenser (3) is connected with the evaporator (9) through the heat return pipeline (13), and the evaporator (9) is connected with the pressure reduction converter (8) through the heat return pipeline (13) to form a heat return circulating system.
2. A heat engine system that performs work by approximately isothermal two-expansion according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the isobaric converters (7) is at least two, the isobaric converters comprise an isobaric converter A (701) and an isobaric converter B (702), and the heater (4) is respectively connected with the isobaric converter A, B through a high-pressure pipeline (11) so that the two isobaric converters form a parallel connection mode; the isobaric pressure converters A, B alternately and continuously operate and are respectively connected with the buck converters (8) through pipelines; the isobaric converter A, B is sequentially connected with a gas working medium pump (6) and a gas reheater (5) through an isobaric pipeline (14) to form a gas reheating circulating system; the liquid reheater (33) is connected to the isobaric converter A, B and the buck converter (8) through liquid pipes (34), respectively, to form a liquid reheating cycle system.
3. A heat engine system that performs work by approximately isothermal two-expansion according to claim 1, wherein: the isobaric converter (7) is made of heat insulating materials and comprises an isobaric converter cylinder body (15) and an isobaric converter piston (16); one end of the isobaric converter cylinder body (15) is provided with an isobaric converter air inlet pipe (17) and an isobaric converter exhaust pipe (18), a reheating air inlet pipe (19) is arranged at the center of the isobaric converter cylinder body, the end of the isobaric converter cylinder body is also connected with a liquid pipeline (34), and the liquid pipeline (34) extends to the inside of the isobaric converter cylinder body (15) and is connected with a nozzle (35); an isobaric converter piston (16) is arranged inside the isobaric converter cylinder body (15), a reheating air outlet pipe (20) is arranged in the center of the isobaric converter piston (16), and the reheating air outlet pipe penetrates out of the other end of the isobaric converter cylinder body (15).
4. The heat engine system for performing work by approximately isothermal double expansion according to claim 1, wherein: the buck converter (8) comprises a buck converter cylinder A (21), a buck converter cylinder B (22), a buck converter piston (23) and a piston connecting rod (24); one end of the buck converter cylinder A, B is integrally connected so that the two cylinders form an integral form; the connecting ends of the two cylinder bodies are respectively provided with a regenerative working medium air inlet (25) and a regenerative working medium air outlet (26); the other end of the buck converter cylinder A (21) is provided with a cylinder A air inlet (27) and a cylinder A air outlet (28), the center of the cylinder A air outlet is connected with a liquid pipeline (34), and the liquid pipeline (34) extends into the buck converter cylinder A (21) and is connected with a nozzle (35); the other end of the buck converter cylinder B (22) is provided with a cylinder B air inlet (29) and a cylinder A air outlet (30), the center of the cylinder B air inlet is connected with a liquid pipeline (34), and the liquid pipeline (34) extends into the buck converter cylinder B (22) and is connected with a nozzle (35); the inside of two buck converter cylinder bodies A, B all is provided with buck converter piston (23), and two pistons pass through piston connecting rod (24) and connect as an organic wholely, the junction of two cylinder bodies is run through in piston connecting rod (24) activity, and its both ends are connected with two pistons respectively.
5. A heat engine system that performs work by approximately isothermal two-expansion according to claim 1, wherein: the gas reheater (5), the gas working medium pump (6) and the isobaric converter (7) synchronously operate, and the high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium in the isobaric converter (7) is reheated, so that the high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium in the isobaric converter (7) is guaranteed to operate under approximately isothermal equal external pressure.
6. The heat engine system for performing work by approximately isothermal double expansion according to claim 1, wherein: the liquid reheater (33) is connected with the isobaric converter (7) and the buck converter (8), and high-temperature and high-pressure liquid is introduced into the isobaric converter (7) and the buck converter (8) in the buck process so as to realize the isothermal buck work-doing process.
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