CN114458514A - Water turbine measuring method and water turbine production process - Google Patents

Water turbine measuring method and water turbine production process Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114458514A
CN114458514A CN202210005836.5A CN202210005836A CN114458514A CN 114458514 A CN114458514 A CN 114458514A CN 202210005836 A CN202210005836 A CN 202210005836A CN 114458514 A CN114458514 A CN 114458514A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
measuring
water turbine
blade
guide vane
runner
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Pending
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CN202210005836.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
孟鹏
李林伟
刘阳
韦正鹏
王渊博
王鸿腾
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Huadian Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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Huadian Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202210005836.5A priority Critical patent/CN114458514A/en
Publication of CN114458514A publication Critical patent/CN114458514A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/008Measuring or testing arrangements
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20Hydro energy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

The invention relates to a water turbine measuring method and a water turbine production process, wherein the water turbine measuring method comprises the following steps: measuring three-dimensional coordinates of a plurality of scanning points on an object to be measured through a three-dimensional laser scanner to obtain a data model of the runner channel or a data model of the guide vane; taking the obtained data model of the runner channel as a measured value of the runner channel, and comparing the measured value with a theoretical value of the runner channel to obtain an error value of the runner channel; or taking the obtained guide vane data model as a measured value of the guide vane, and comparing the measured value with a theoretical value of the guide vane to obtain an error value of the guide vane. The technical scheme of the invention is beneficial to improving the accuracy of manufacturing and installation, reducing the manufacturing error, better avoiding the hidden trouble caused by manufacturing reasons and simultaneously being beneficial to troubleshooting the problems existing in the water turbine in the quality verification process.

Description

Water turbine measuring method and water turbine production process
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water turbines, in particular to a water turbine measuring method and a water turbine production process.
Background
Under the background of the improvement of the quality requirement of industrial products and the rapid development of equipment manufacturing technology, the quality verification of industrial equipment and the innovation of related measurement technology can be caused, a water turbine is used as the core equipment of a water turbine generator set, and due to the large volume and the complex physical structure, the support of the measurement technology cannot be avoided in the manufacturing, acceptance and other processes, however, the traditional measurement technology has the problem of low manufacturing and installation accuracy, and the hidden trouble caused by the manufacturing reason can be buried.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a water turbine measuring method which is beneficial to improving the accuracy of manufacturing and installation, reducing the manufacturing error, better avoiding the hidden trouble caused by manufacturing reasons, being beneficial to checking the problems in a water turbine in the quality verification process and having better applicability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a water turbine measuring method, the water turbine comprises a guide vane and a rotating wheel, and the method comprises the following steps:
measuring three-dimensional coordinates of a plurality of scanning points on an object to be measured through a three-dimensional laser scanner to obtain a data model of the runner channel or a data model of the guide vane;
taking the obtained data model of the runner flow channel as a measured value of the runner flow channel, and comparing the measured value with a theoretical value of the runner flow channel to obtain an error value of the runner flow channel; or taking the obtained guide vane data model as a measured value of the guide vane, and comparing the measured value with a theoretical value of the guide vane to obtain an error value of the guide vane.
Preferably, the runner includes a blade, an upper crown, a lower ring, and a drainage cone, and before the step of measuring three-dimensional coordinates of a plurality of scanning points on the object to be measured by the three-dimensional laser scanner, the method further includes selecting a measurement range, where the measurement range includes a front back surface of the blade, an overflow surface of the upper crown, an overflow surface of the lower ring, an overflow surface of the drainage cone, and front and back surfaces of the guide vane.
Preferably, the step of selecting a measurement range comprises:
selecting four adjacent blades on the rotating wheel, and numbering the blades to obtain a first blade, a second blade, a third blade and a fourth blade;
selecting two guide vanes corresponding to the second blade and the third blade one to one.
Preferably, the step of measuring three-dimensional coordinates of a plurality of scanning points on the object to be measured by the three-dimensional laser scanner includes: measuring three-dimensional coordinates of mark points attached to the back surface of the first blade, the front and back surfaces of the second blade, the front and back surfaces of the third blade and the front surface of the fourth blade; measuring the three-dimensional coordinates of the mark points of the upper crown flow surface and the lower ring flow surface which are attached between three adjacent blades, and measuring the three-dimensional coordinates of the mark points of the lower crown flow surface and the mark points of the lower ring flow surface which are attached on the downstream sides of the water outlet edges of the blades close to the upper crown, so as to obtain the runner data models of the two rotating wheels.
Preferably, the distance between the plane mark paste points of the lower ring is less than 250mm, the distance between the blade mark paste points is less than 220mm, and the distance between the upper crown mark paste points is less than 250 mm.
Preferably, the step of measuring three-dimensional coordinates of a plurality of scanning points within the measurement range by a three-dimensional laser scanner further includes: and measuring three-dimensional coordinates of the mark points of the two guide vanes which are in one-to-one correspondence with the second blade and the third blade to obtain data models of the two guide vanes.
Preferably, the airfoil surface marking affixed point spacing of the guide vane is less than 220 mm.
Preferably, after the step of selecting the measurement range, the method further includes building a working platform in the corresponding measurement range, and the step of building the working platform includes: climbing angle irons are arranged at intervals from bottom to top at the position 0.3m downstream of the water inlet edge of the rotating wheel; and arranging reinforcing steel bars on the water outlet side of the runner towards the direction of the water drainage cone, and arranging a plurality of plate bodies to obtain the working platform.
Preferably, the error value of the runner flow passage is-0.13 mm-2.5 mm, and the error value of the guide vane is-0.809 mm-1.852 mm.
The invention also provides a water turbine production process and a water turbine measuring method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the technical scheme, the water turbine measuring method is characterized in that the data model of the runner channel or the data model of the guide vane are obtained through measurement of the three-dimensional laser scanner, the obtained corresponding data model serves as a measured value and is compared with a theoretical value, and an error value of the runner channel or the guide vane is obtained, so that an object to be measured is measured based on the measurement of the three-dimensional laser scanner, the theoretical value is compared with the measured value, the accuracy of manufacturing and installation is improved, the manufacturing error is reduced, the potential fault hazard caused by manufacturing reasons is avoided well, meanwhile, problems existing in the water turbine are checked well in the quality verification process, and the water turbine measuring method has good applicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring a water turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a comparison result between the measured value and the theoretical value of the upper crown flow surface in step S4 shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the comparison result between the measured value and the theoretical value of the flow surface of the drainage cone in the step S4 shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the comparison result between the measured value and the theoretical value of the lower ring flow surface in step S4 shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating a comparison between the measured value and the theoretical value of the guide vane in step S4 shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing another comparison between the measured value and the theoretical value of the guide vane in step S4 shown in FIG. 1;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a water turbine in an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the symbols of the drawings:
1. a guide vane; 2. a rotating wheel; 21. a blade; 22. a crown overflow surface; 23. a lower ring flow surface; 24. a water discharge cone.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1 and 7, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for measuring a water turbine, where the water turbine includes a guide vane 1 and a runner 2, and the method includes the following steps:
measuring three-dimensional coordinates of a plurality of scanning points on an object to be measured through a three-dimensional laser scanner to obtain a data model of the runner 2 or a data model of the guide vane 1;
taking the obtained data model of the runner 2 as a measured value of the runner 2, and comparing the measured value with a theoretical value of the runner 2 to obtain an error value of the runner 2; or taking the obtained guide vane 1 data model as a measured value of the guide vane 1, and comparing the measured value with a theoretical value of the guide vane 1 to obtain an error value of the guide vane 1.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the three-dimensional laser scanner adopts a handheld three-dimensional scanner, the handheld three-dimensional scanner adopts a plurality of beam lasers to obtain a three-dimensional point cloud on the surface of an object to be measured, an operator holds the handheld three-dimensional scanner to adjust the distance and angle between the three-dimensional scanner and the object to be measured in real time, and the system automatically obtains the three-dimensional surface information of the object to be measured, and the scanner can be conveniently carried to an industrial site or a production workshop and perform efficient and accurate scanning according to the size and shape of the object to be scanned and the scanned working environment; the object to be detected is a guide vane 1 or a rotating wheel 2.
It can be understood that the three-dimensional laser scanner is used for measuring an object to be measured, so that a three-dimensional solid model of the object to be measured is obtained, further, the geometric dimensions of the three-dimensional solid model of the object to be measured, such as length, width and height, and form and position tolerances such as straightness, flatness, roundness and concentricity are calculated, and the error value corresponding to the guide vane 1 or the rotating wheel 2 is obtained through comparison with a theoretical value in a design drawing and analysis; in addition, after the three-dimensional solid model is established, the size or the angle and the like of the water turbine can be changed in subsequent design.
The hydraulic turbine structure is huge and complicated, utilize three-dimensional laser scanner scans the hydraulic turbine has improved the accuracy that the hydraulic turbine was made the installation, and combine the contrast step of theoretical value and measured value in manufacturing process, can in time discover manufacturing error, manufacturing error reduces, better avoid because of the hidden trouble that the manufacturing reason caused, simultaneously in the quality verification process, to the hydraulic turbine that has used a period, scan back and combine the contrast step through three-dimensional laser scanner, verify out whether the quality accords with relevant standard, if there is a problem, also can discover the crackle that produces on the hydraulic turbine etc., be favorable to troubleshooting the problem that exists in the hydraulic turbine.
In one embodiment, the water turbine measuring method comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a measuring range, wherein the measuring range comprises the front and back surfaces of the blade 21, the upper crown flow surface 22, the lower ring flow surface 23, the flow surface of the drainage cone 24 and the front and back surfaces of the guide vane 1; wherein, the runner 2 comprises blades 21, an upper crown, a lower ring and a drain cone 24; specifically, four adjacent blades 21 on the rotating wheel 2 are selected as measurement samples, and the blades 21 are numbered to obtain a first blade, a second blade, a third blade and a fourth blade; and selecting two guide vanes 1 which correspond to the second blade and the third blade one to one.
S2: when the guide vane 1 is in an open state or the rotating wheel 2 is in a static state, a working platform is set up in the corresponding measuring range, specifically, as shown in the figure, climbing angle irons are arranged at a position 0.3m downstream from the water inlet edge of the rotating wheel 2 at intervals of 0.35m from bottom to top, and 4 layers are arranged; the method comprises the steps that reinforcing steel bars are arranged on the water outlet edge of the runner 2 in the direction of the drain cone 24, the last reinforcing steel bar is 240.3m away from the drain cone, 4 plate bodies are arranged, the width can be adjusted according to the requirements on the site, the working platform is obtained, two reinforcing steel bars phi 12mm and 0.5m in length are welded at the position 0.6 above the working platform, the front ends of the reinforcing steel bars need to be bent, a wood board with the width of 0.4m is paved above the reinforcing steel bars, the length of the wood board can be adjusted according to the requirements on the site, safety rope hanging points are arranged on the blades 21 and the guide vanes 1, and the distance between the hanging points is not more than 1.5 m.
A scaffold is erected on the working platform and is communicated to the lower part of the rotating wheel 2, wherein the size of the scaffold is 1.95m multiplied by 0.72m, the height of each ladder stand is 0.5m, two groups of scaffolds are arranged to form a working plane with the square of 1.95m multiplied by 1.5m, and the lower part of the working plane is provided with an oblique support; the height of the working plane of the scaffold from the ground is 4.5m, and the distance between the working plane of the scaffold and the junction of the blade 21 and the lower ring is 1.2 m.
S3: and measuring three-dimensional coordinates of a plurality of scanning points in the measuring range through a three-dimensional laser scanner to obtain a data model of the runner 2 runner or a data model of the guide vane 1.
Specifically, three-dimensional coordinates of mark points attached to the back surface of the first blade, the front and back surfaces of the second blade, the front and back surfaces of the third blade and the front surface of the fourth blade are measured, and the distance between the mark points of the 21 blades is less than 220 mm; measuring three-dimensional coordinates of mark points of the upper crown flow surface 22 and the lower ring flow surface 23 which are attached between three adjacent blades 21, wherein the distance between the upper crown mark attachment points is less than 250mm, the distance between the plane mark attachment points of the lower ring is less than 250mm, and measuring the three-dimensional coordinates of the mark points which are attached to the downstream side of the water outlet side of the upper crown of the blades 21 and the mark points of the drainage cone 24 to obtain the flow channel data models of the two rotating wheels 2.
Measuring two marking point three-dimensional coordinates of the guide vane 1 corresponding to the second blade and the third blade one to one, wherein the interval between the marking points of the airfoil surface of the guide vane 1 is less than 220mm, and obtaining two data models of the guide vane 1.
It can be understood that the upper crown, the lower ring, the blades 21 and the guide vane 1 are arranged to mark the space between the paste points, so that the three-dimensional laser scanner can acquire accurate and complete point cloud data of the runner 2 and the guide vane 1, digital modeling is facilitated, and further the accuracy of manufacturing and installing the water turbine is improved.
S4: taking the obtained data model of the runner 2 runner as a measured value of the runner 2 runner, intercepting the upper crown, the lower ring and the drain cone 24 runner from the runner 2 design assembly drawing to generate the runner 2 runner entity model as a theoretical value of the runner 2, and comparing the measured value of the runner 2 runner with the theoretical value of the runner 2 runner to obtain an error value of the runner 2 runner, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2-4, the surface error of the upper crown, the lower ring and the drain cone 24 flow surface is-0.13-2.5 mm, that is, the error value of the runner 2 runner is-0.13-2.5 mm, and the error is derived from the original manufacturing error, the installation error and the later-stage running wear of the runner 2, and meets the design requirements.
Taking the obtained data model of the guide vane 1 as a measured value of the guide vane 1, and comparing the measured value with a theoretical value of the guide vane 1 to obtain an error value of the guide vane 1, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 5-6, the error value of the guide vane 1 is-0.809 mm to 1.852mm, the error value of the guide vane 1 is from an original manufacturing deviation, an installation deviation and later abrasion of the guide vane 1, and the error value meets design requirements.
The three-dimensional scanner is utilized to measure the guide vane 1 and the rotating wheel 2 in the water turbine, a large amount of point cloud data is obtained to carry out digital modeling on the rotating wheel 2 and the guide vane 1, the error of a finally obtained three-dimensional digital model is within an allowable range, the quality meets related standards, a high-efficiency and convenient measuring method is provided for manufacturing, mounting and quality verification of the water turbine with a huge and complex structure, the accuracy of manufacturing and mounting of the water turbine is improved, the comparison step of a theoretical value and a measured value is combined in the manufacturing process, the manufacturing error can be found in time, the manufacturing error is reduced, the fault hidden danger caused by the manufacturing reason is better avoided, in the quality verification process, cracks and the like generated on the water turbine can be found by the scanning of the three-dimensional laser scanner and the comparison step after the water turbine is used for a period of time, is beneficial to the troubleshooting of the problems in the water turbine.
The invention also provides a water turbine production process, and by using the water turbine measuring method, the accuracy of manufacturing and installation in the water turbine production process is improved, so that the manufacturing error is reduced, the hidden trouble caused by manufacturing reasons is better avoided, and meanwhile, the problems in the water turbine are favorably checked in the quality verification process.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A water turbine measuring method, the water turbine comprising a guide vane (1) and a runner (2), characterized by comprising the steps of:
measuring three-dimensional coordinates of a plurality of scanning points on an object to be measured through a three-dimensional laser scanner to obtain a data model of a runner of the rotating wheel (2) or a data model of the guide vane (1);
taking the obtained data model of the runner (2) as a measured value of the runner (2), and comparing the measured value with a theoretical value of the runner (2) to obtain an error value of the runner (2); or taking the obtained guide vane (1) data model as a measured value of the guide vane (1), and comparing the measured value with a theoretical value of the guide vane (1) to obtain an error value of the guide vane (1).
2. The water turbine measuring method according to claim 1, characterized in that the runner (2) comprises a blade (21), a crown, a lower ring and a drainage cone (24), and before the step of measuring three-dimensional coordinates of a plurality of scanning points on an object to be measured by a three-dimensional laser scanner, the method further comprises selecting a measuring range, wherein the measuring range comprises a front back surface of the blade (21), a flow surface (22) of the crown, a flow surface (23) of the lower ring, a flow surface of the drainage cone (24) and a front back surface of the guide vane (1).
3. The method of measuring a water turbine according to claim 2, wherein the step of selecting a measurement range comprises:
selecting four adjacent blades (21) on the rotating wheel (2), and numbering the blades (21) to obtain a first blade, a second blade, a third blade and a fourth blade;
selecting two guide vanes (1) corresponding to the second blade and the third blade one by one.
4. The water turbine measuring method as set forth in claim 3, wherein the step of measuring three-dimensional coordinates of a plurality of scanning points on the object to be measured by the three-dimensional laser scanner comprises: measuring three-dimensional coordinates of mark points attached to the back surface of the first blade, the front and back surfaces of the second blade, the front and back surfaces of the third blade and the front surface of the fourth blade; measuring the three-dimensional coordinates of the mark points of the upper crown flow surface (22) and the lower ring flow surface (23) which are attached between three adjacent blades (21), and measuring the three-dimensional coordinates of the mark points of the lower ring flow surface (23) and the downstream side of the water outlet side of the upper crown which is attached to the blades (21), and the mark points of the water outlet cone (24) to obtain the flow channel data models of the two rotating wheels (2).
5. Method for measuring a water turbine according to claim 4, characterized in that the distance between the flat marking points of the lower ring is less than 250mm, the distance between the marking points of the blades (21) is less than 220mm, and the distance between the marking points of the upper crown is less than 250 mm.
6. The water turbine measuring method as set forth in claim 3, wherein the step of measuring three-dimensional coordinates of a plurality of scanning points within the measuring range by a three-dimensional laser scanner further comprises: and measuring three-dimensional coordinates of the mark points of the two guide vanes (1) which are in one-to-one correspondence with the second blade and the third blade to obtain two data models of the guide vanes (1).
7. Method for measuring a water turbine according to claim 6, characterized in that the airfoil profile marking affixed point spacing of the guide vanes (1) is less than 220 mm.
8. The turbine measuring method of claim 2, characterized in that after the step of selecting a measuring range, the method further comprises building a working platform within the corresponding measuring range, the step of building a working platform comprising: climbing angle irons are arranged at intervals from bottom to top at the position 0.3m downstream of the water inlet edge of the rotating wheel (2); and reinforcing steel bars are arranged on the water outlet side of the rotating wheel (2) towards the direction of the water drainage cone (24), and a plurality of plate bodies are arranged to obtain the working platform.
9. The water turbine measuring method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the error value of the runner (2) is-0.13 mm-2.5 mm, and the error value of the guide vane (1) is-0.809 mm-1.852 mm.
10. A process for producing a water turbine, characterized by using the water turbine measuring method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
CN202210005836.5A 2022-01-05 2022-01-05 Water turbine measuring method and water turbine production process Pending CN114458514A (en)

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Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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CN103016237A (en) * 2012-12-25 2013-04-03 长沙理工大学 Water turbine peddle adjustment and measurement method and peddle measurement device for method

Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101566461A (en) * 2009-05-18 2009-10-28 西安交通大学 Method for quickly measuring blade of large-sized water turbine
CN103016237A (en) * 2012-12-25 2013-04-03 长沙理工大学 Water turbine peddle adjustment and measurement method and peddle measurement device for method

Non-Patent Citations (4)

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Title
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