CN114456862B - Optimization method for natural gas cryogenic denitrification pretreatment process parameters - Google Patents
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- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
- C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
- C10L3/101—Removal of contaminants
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optimization method of natural gas cryogenic denitrification pretreatment process parameters, which is optimized by establishing a prediction model of purification rate and yield and comprises the following steps: s1, determining parameters needing to be optimized; s2, establishing an algorithm model; s3, calculating an optimization model; and S4, inputting the corresponding optimization parameters into the corresponding control equipment through the computer control equipment. The invention can automatically and objectively realize the optimization of the pretreatment process parameters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of natural gas denitrification, and particularly relates to a method for optimizing technological parameters of deep cooling denitrification pretreatment of natural gas.
Background
The natural gas is used as a high-quality fuel and an important chemical raw material, the application of the natural gas increasingly draws attention of people, and the trend of accelerating the development of the natural gas industry is in the world at present. However, natural gas produced in many oil and gas fields often contains a large amount of nitrogen, and natural gas with high nitrogen content has low calorific value and large energy consumption in the gathering and transportation process, and cannot be directly used as fuel. Therefore, denitrification of natural gas is an important condition for making full use of natural gas. The natural gas denitrification processes currently used in industry include: cryogenic cooling, solvent absorption, pressure swing adsorption and selective adsorption. Wherein, the cryogenic process has large treatment capacity to natural gas, high nitrogen removal rate and mature and reliable technology.
For example, liu Chengjun et al (review of Denitrification of Natural gas [ J ], oil design, 2000, 11 (4), 18-20) disclose a cryogenic Denitrification process having a double-column structure, in which the feed gas is cooled to-124 ℃ and then enters a high-pressure column for preliminary separation; the tower is internally provided with a rectifying section, and the operating pressure is 2.4MPa. And (3) extracting a gas flow from the top of the high-pressure tower, further cooling the gas flow to-168 ℃ in a condenser/reboiler, and returning the gas flow to the high-pressure tower for gas-liquid separation. The separated gas phase fraction was crude nitrogen with a purity of about 50% with a recovery of about 90%. The low pressure column was operated at 0.24MPa with a head temperature of about-187 ℃ and a bottom temperature of about-157 ℃. After the fluid discharged from the bottom of the high-pressure tower is rectified by the low-pressure tower, the volume fraction of nitrogen in the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is reduced to be less than 3%, and the recovery rate of the LNG is more than 99.5%.
However, the cryogenic process has very strict requirements on the natural gas pretreatment process, and carbon dioxide, water and other particle impurities in the raw natural gas must be removed, otherwise, the impurities can be solidified or hydrate at the cryogenic temperature, and pipeline blockage accidents are caused. Therefore, the drying and dewatering process is extremely important in the gas pretreatment of the cryogenic process.
The drying step in the existing pretreatment process is only to remove water through an adsorbent, a water removing agent or a molecular sieve. There are the following problems: the computer control degree is low, the automatic equipment state monitoring is difficult to realize, and the preprocessing result is often poor due to poor equipment state.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an optimization method of natural gas cryogenic denitrification pretreatment process parameters, which can automatically and objectively realize the optimization of the pretreatment process parameters.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for optimizing technological parameters of cryogenic denitrification pretreatment of natural gas is optimized by establishing a prediction model of purification rate and output rate, and comprises the following steps:
s1, determining parameters needing to be optimized;
s2, establishing an algorithm model;
s3, calculating an optimization model;
and S4, inputting the corresponding optimization parameters into the corresponding control equipment through the computer control equipment.
Preferably, the method for establishing the algorithm model in step S2 is as follows:
s21, establishing an optimization range group, selecting parameters influencing the purification rate and parameters influencing the yield from the detection parameters in the step S1, and respectively constructing a purification rate target and a yield target;
and S22, converting the purification rate target and the yield target obtained in the step S21 into a single target for optimization by adopting a combined weighting method.
Further preferably, the method for constructing the purification rate target in step S21 is: the collector liquid flow FC, the heater temperature Ti associated with each of the n nozzles, the flow Fi of the flow meter associated with each of the n nozzles, and the centrifugal separator rotation speed ω are selected to form a four-dimensional vector T1 (FC, ti, fi, ω).
Further preferably, the method for constructing the yield target in step S21 is: and selecting an air pressure Pa of an output pipeline of the additive storage, an air inlet flow meter F1 of the centrifugal separator and an air inlet flow meter F2 of the mixing tower to form a three-dimensional vector T2 (Pa, F1 and F2).
Preferably, in the process of calculating the optimization model in step S3, the value of each individual in the variable population is provided by an algorithm as an input value, a target value is calculated through the trained model output value, the fitness value of each individual in the optimization range group is calculated according to the target value, so as to determine the probability of next optimization of each parameter, and then replication and crossover operations are performed, thereby obtaining the optimized optimization range group. And obtaining the optimal solution by repeated iteration and evolutionary computation until the convergence condition is met.
Preferably, the pretreatment module of the natural gas cryogenic denitrification pretreatment process comprises a centrifugal separator, additive injection equipment and molecular sieve equipment which are sequentially connected from the natural gas inlet end to the natural gas outlet end, wherein the centrifugal separator and the additive injection equipment are connected with computer control equipment.
Further preferably, the centrifugal separator includes a main body, a raw gas inlet, a lower discharge port, a lower discharge pipe, a liquid collector, and a gas discharge port.
Further preferably, the gas via the dryer enters an additive injection device comprising an additive reservoir, an additive delivery device and a mixing tower.
Further preferably, a plurality of baffles are arranged in the middle of the mixing tower, and the inner cavity of the mixing tower is divided into continuous S-shaped passages through the baffles, so that the gas can be fully contacted with the additive; the additive storage device is positioned below the mixing tower and is used for storing an additive, and the additive is methanol.
Further preferably, the additive storage device and the mixing tower are connected through a pipeline, and a pump for pumping out the additive and an additive barometer are arranged on the pipeline;
the pump and the barometer are both connected to the computer control equipment, and are controlled by the computer control equipment and upload real-time data;
the pipeline extends to the side wall of the mixing tower, and the pipeline is completely overlapped with the side wall of the mixing tower in the height direction;
the tail end of the pipeline is divided into a plurality of nozzles which are uniformly distributed in height and extend into the mixing tower to uniformly provide additives for the mixing tower;
each nozzle is provided with a heating device and a flowmeter, and the heating device and the flowmeter are used for gasifying the additive through heating and spraying the additive into the mixing tower; the heating device and the flowmeter are connected to the computer control equipment, controlled by the computer control equipment and upload real-time data.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the optimization method of the natural gas cryogenic denitrification pretreatment process parameters can automatically and objectively optimize the pretreatment process parameters.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a pretreatment module in a plant for cryogenic denitrification of natural gas.
In the figure, 1, a raw material gas flow meter, 2, a raw material gas inlet, 3, a gas discharge port, 4, a centrifugal separator body, 5, a lower discharge port, 6, a filter screen, 7, a lower discharge pipe, 8, a liquid collector, 9, a computer control device, 10, a gas inlet, 11, a nozzle, 12, a gas inlet flow meter, 13, a heating device, 14, a baffle, 15, a mixing tower, 16, a gas outlet, 17, a gas pressure meter, 18, a pump, 19, an additive storage, 20 and a molecular sieve device.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, and before the embodiments of the present invention are further described, it is to be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described below; it is also to be understood that the terminology used in the examples is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs, and wherein a plurality is a natural number equal to or greater than 2.
In order to facilitate understanding of the computer control method provided by the present application, first, a method for optimizing the process parameters of the cryogenic denitrification pretreatment of natural gas related to the present application is introduced.
The invention provides a cryogenic denitrification process of a natural gas cryogenic denitrification process, which comprises the steps of processing a feed gas by a pretreatment module, feeding the feed gas into a raw material-product heat exchanger, cooling the natural gas to-124 ℃, and feeding the cooled feed gas into a high-pressure tower for primary separation, wherein the structural diagram of the equipment of the cryogenic denitrification process of the natural gas is disclosed by Liuchengjun et al (Natural gas denitrification Process overview [ J ], petroleum planning design, 2000, 11 (4), 18-20); the tower is internally provided with a rectifying section, and the operating pressure is 2.4MPa. And (3) extracting a gas flow from the top of the high-pressure tower, further cooling the gas flow to-168 ℃ in a condenser/reboiler, and returning the gas flow to the high-pressure tower for gas-liquid separation. The separated gas phase fraction was crude nitrogen with a purity of about 50% and a recovery of about 90%. The lower pressure column was operated at 0.24MPa with a head temperature of about-187 ℃ and a bottom temperature of about-157 ℃. After the fluid discharged from the bottom of the high-pressure tower is rectified by the low-pressure tower, the volume fraction of nitrogen in the liquefied natural gas LNG is reduced to be less than 3%, and the LNG recovery rate is more than 99.5%. And the nitrogen with higher purity discharged from the top of the low-pressure tower is discharged to the air or utilized after cold energy is recovered.
The pretreatment requirement of the gas to be treated on the entering of the cryogenic denitrification device is very strict. Such devices require that the composition of the gas to be treated entering the apparatus must be maintained relatively constant; when the composition of the gas to be treated is greatly changed in a short time, the deep freezing denitrification device cannot normally operate. Therefore, the requirements for the pretreatment equipment and pretreatment process are very high.
The specific structure of the pretreatment module of the cryogenic denitrification process for natural gas is described below, and is shown in FIG. 1. The pretreatment module of the cryogenic denitrification process for natural gas comprises: the centrifugal separator, the additive injection equipment and the molecular sieve equipment 20 are connected in sequence from the natural gas inlet end to the natural gas outlet end, wherein the centrifugal separator and the additive injection equipment are connected with the computer control equipment 9.
Wherein the centrifugal separator comprises a centrifugal separator body 4, a feed gas inlet 2, a let down 5, a let down pipe 7, a liquid collector 8 and a gas discharge outlet 3. The body 4 is shaped as a funnel with a large top and a small bottom, the raw material gas inlet 2 is positioned on the upper part of the side wall of the centrifugal separator body 4, the raw material gas inlet 2 is provided with a gas flow measuring device which is connected to the computer control device 9 and transmits data in real time. The lower discharge opening 5 is located at the bottom of the centrifugal separator body 4 and the gas discharge opening 3 is located at the top of the centrifugal separator body 4. The centrifugal separator utilizes the action of inertial centrifugal force, because the inertia of large liquid drops formed by particles and water in the raw material gas is larger than the inertia of effective component molecules in the natural gas, the large liquid drops formed by impurity particles and water in the raw material gas are thrown to the inner wall of the main body so as to be separated from the gas flow, and slide to the lower discharge port 5 at the bottom of the main body along the inner wall for discharge, and the purified gas spirally moves from bottom to top near the central shaft and is finally discharged from the gas discharge port at the top.
The lower part of the lower discharging opening 5 is provided with a lower discharging pipeline 7 and a liquid collector 8, and the lower discharging pipeline 7 is connected to the lower discharging opening 5 on the main body 4 of the centrifugal separator in a detachable mode such as a screw thread, so that the replacement and the maintenance are convenient. The pipeline 7 that leaks down is the pipeline that the internal diameter is no longer than 2 centimetres, be provided with filter screen 6 in the pipeline 7 that leaks down, filter screen 6 can install in the top or the bottom of pipeline 7 that leaks down also can set up the interrupt at the pipeline 7 that leaks down. The filter screen 6 is used for filtering solid particles in the discharged impurities, and the diameter of a filter hole of the filter screen 6 is less than 10 micrometers.
The lower end of the downcomer 7 is connected to a liquid collector 8, said liquid collector 8 being used to collect the filtered downcomer liquid (mostly water). The liquid collector 8 has a liquid flow measuring device, so that the liquid collector 8 has a function of measuring the liquid flow, and the specific embodiment can be a water level measuring device arranged in the liquid collector 8 or a water flow measuring device arranged at the bottom of the lower drainage pipe 7. The methods of use and installation of the above-described devices are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail herein.
The feed gas flowmeter 1 is installed to the feed gas inlet 2 of centrifugal separator main part 4, feed gas flowmeter 1 is connected with computer control equipment 9 through wireless or limited mode, feed gas flowmeter 1 sends real-time flow data to computer control equipment 9, and computer control equipment 9 can send control signal to feed gas flowmeter 1, thereby control the flow that feed gas flowmeter 1 allows through.
The centrifugal separator body 4 is further provided with a rotating electrical machine which rotates so as to achieve a rotating centrifugal force, which rotating electrical machine is connected in a wireless or limited manner to the computer control device 9, sends rotation output data to the computer control device 9 and is controlled by the computer control device 9.
The gas enters an additive injection device comprising an additive reservoir 19, an additive delivery device (pump 18 and barometer 17) and a mixing tower 15. Wherein, the air inlet 10 is established on the upper portion of mixing tower 15, lets in raw materials gas, air inlet 10 is provided with air inlet flowmeter 12, air inlet flowmeter 12 is connected with computer control equipment 9 through wireless or limited mode, sends flow data to computer control equipment 9 to accept computer control equipment 9's control. The mixing tower 15 is provided with a plurality of baffles 14 at the middle part, and the inner cavity of the mixing tower 15 is divided into continuous S-shaped passages by the baffles 14, so that the gas can be fully contacted with the additive. An additive storage 19 is located below the mixing tower 15 for storing an additive, which may be methanol. The additive storage 19 and the mixing tower 15 are connected by a pipe, and a pump 18 for pumping out the additive and a barometer 17 are provided on the pipe. The pump 18 and the barometer 17 are both connected to the computer control device 9, and the barometer 17 and the pump 18 are both controlled by the computer control device 9 and upload real time data. The above-mentioned pipe extends to the side wall of the mixing tower to be completely overlapped with the side wall of the mixing tower in the height direction, and the end of the pipe is divided into a plurality of nozzles 11, and the nozzles 11 are uniformly distributed in the height direction and extend to the inside of the mixing tower 15 to uniformly supply the additive to the mixing tower 15. Each nozzle 11 is provided with a heating device 13 and a gas inlet flow meter 12, the heating device 13 and the gas inlet flow meter 12 are used for gasifying and injecting the additive into the mixing tower 15 through heating, and the heating device 13 and the gas inlet flow meter 12 are connected to the computer control device 9, controlled by the computer control device 9 and upload real-time data. For safety purposes, the heating device 13 may be placed as far away from the mixing tower as possible between the nozzle 11 and the pipe, without affecting the location of the gasification. A gas outlet 16 is also provided below the mixing tower 15, from which the mixed feed gas is discharged.
Preferably, the gas output of the nozzle 11 can be decreased from top to bottom, and the high concentration of additive at the top can facilitate sufficient mixing because the gas flows from top to bottom.
The mixed feed gas is then passed through a molecular sieve device 20, which selects a molecular sieve having a pore size of 3.9 angstroms for screening, since the molecular size of methanol and methane is about 3.8 angstroms and the molecular size of water is 4 angstroms, to remove residual moisture or moisture due to additive addition as much as possible. The raw material gas passing through the molecular sieve can be used as gas to be treated and enters the cryogenic process equipment for denitrification.
The computer optimization method of the natural gas cryogenic denitrification pretreatment process parameters is introduced as follows, and comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining parameters needing to be optimized:
specifically, the optimization model of the pretreatment process parameters requires the establishment of a relevant prediction model regarding the purification rate and the yield, and the parameters of the model are divided into a detection parameter P and a parameter P' to be optimized, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Step two, setting and establishing an algorithm model:
establishing an optimization range group, wherein 4 factors influencing the purification rate are respectively a collector liquid flow FC, a heater temperature Ti respectively matched with a plurality of nozzles, a flow Fi of a flowmeter respectively matched with a plurality of nozzles and a centrifugal separator rotation speed omega, and a 4-dimensional vector T1 (FC, ti, fi, omega) is formed; the factors influencing the output capacity are 3, namely the air pressure Pa of an output pipeline of the additive storage device, an air inlet flow meter F1 of the centrifugal separator and an air inlet flow meter F2 of the mixing tower, which form a 3-dimensional vector T2 (Pa, F1 and F2).
The common practice for multi-objective optimization problems is to synthesize multiple objectives into a single objective for optimization. And (3) converting the two targets into a single target by adopting a combined weighting method in consideration of the two targets of the purification rate and the yield.
Values of a purification rate and an output rate obtained by a prediction model from one point in vector spaces T1 (FC, ti, fi and omega) and T2 (Pa, F1 and F2) are respectively T1 and T2, the ratio of the two target shares is mu 1 and mu 2, the target purification rate and the output rate are respectively Tt1 and Tt2, wherein the upper limit and the lower limit of the purification rate are T11 and T12, the upper limit and the lower limit of the output rate are T21 and T22, and the two optimization targets can be combined through the following formula to obtain a normalized target function.
When the training reaches the specified error, the weight and the threshold of the purification rate and output rate prediction model are m1 and m2, namely the connection weight from the input layer of the neural network model to other space vector layers; connecting weights n1 and n2 from other space vector layers to an output layer; the output threshold values of the units of other space vector layers are th1 and th2; and the output threshold values of the units of the output layer are th3 and th4, and an objective function min { g (P) } of an optimization algorithm is established.
Wherein the objective function is min { g (P) }, t1, t2 represent values of the purification rate and the yield calculated by the prediction model, and the objective purification rate and the yield are Tt1, tt2, respectively, where S [ ] is an asymmetric S-type function and L [ ] is a linear function.
Thirdly, calculating an optimization model:
specifically, in the optimization process, the numerical value of each individual in the variable group is provided as an input value by an algorithm, a target value is calculated through the trained model output value, the fitness numerical value of each individual in the optimization range group is calculated according to the target value, the probability of next optimization of each parameter is determined, and then copying and cross operation are performed, so that the optimized optimization range group is obtained. And obtaining an optimal solution by repeating iteration and evolutionary computation until a convergence condition is met.
And fourthly, inputting the corresponding optimization parameters into the corresponding control equipment through the computer control equipment.
The optimization method of the natural gas cryogenic denitrification pretreatment process parameters can automatically and objectively optimize the pretreatment process parameters.
The present invention has been further described with reference to specific embodiments, which are only exemplary and do not limit the scope of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and substitutions are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The optimization method of the natural gas cryogenic denitrification pretreatment process parameters is characterized by optimizing by establishing a prediction model of the purification rate and the yield, and comprises the following steps of:
s1, determining parameters needing to be optimized; the parameters are divided into a detection parameter P and a parameter P' to be optimized;
the detection parameters P comprise a collector liquid flow FC, heater temperatures Ti respectively matched with a plurality of nozzles, flow Fi of flow meters respectively matched with a plurality of nozzles, a centrifugal separator rotation speed omega, an additive storage device output pipeline air pressure Pa, a centrifugal separator air inlet flow meter F1 and a mixing tower air inlet flow meter F2;
the parameters P' to be optimized comprise a moisture separation ratio alpha, an additive doping amount beta and a gas flow velocity V;
s2, establishing an algorithm model; the method for establishing the algorithm model comprises the following steps:
s21, establishing an optimization range group, selecting parameters influencing the purification rate and parameters influencing the yield from the detection parameters in the step S1, and respectively constructing a purification rate target and a yield target;
the construction method of the purification rate target comprises the following steps: selecting a collector liquid flow FC, a heater temperature Ti respectively arranged on the plurality of nozzles, a flow Fi of a flow meter respectively arranged on the plurality of nozzles, and a centrifugal separator rotation speed omega to form a four-dimensional vector T1 (FC, ti, fi, omega);
the construction method of the yield target comprises the following steps: selecting an air pressure Pa of an output pipeline of an additive storage, an air inlet flow meter F1 of a centrifugal separator and an air inlet flow meter F2 of a mixing tower to form a three-dimensional vector T2 (Pa, F1 and F2);
s22, converting the purification rate target and the yield target obtained in the step S21 into a single target for optimization by adopting a combined weighting method;
the objective function min { g (P) } of the algorithm obtained by the optimization is:
wherein T1 and T2 are values of purification rate and yield obtained by a prediction model of one point in vector spaces T1 (FC, ti, fi, omega) and T2 (Pa, F1 and F2), mu 1 and mu 2 are ratios of two target shares, tt1 and Tt2 are values of target purification rate and yield respectively, T11 and T12 are upper and lower limits of purification rate, T21 and T22 are upper and lower limits of yield, S [ ] is an asymmetric S-type function, L [ ] is a linear function, and weight values and threshold values of the prediction model of purification rate and yield when a specified error is achieved through training, namely the connection weight values from an input layer of the neural network model to other space vector layers are m1 and m2; connecting weights n1 and n2 from other space vector layers to an output layer; the output threshold values of the units of other space vector layers are th1 and th2; the output threshold of each unit of the output layer is th3 and th4;
s3, calculating an optimization model;
in the process of calculating the optimization model, the numerical value of each individual in the variable group is provided as an input value by an algorithm, a target value is calculated through the trained model output value, the fitness numerical value of each individual in the optimization range group is calculated according to the target value, the probability of next optimization of each parameter is determined, then the replication and the cross operation are carried out, so that the optimized optimization range group is obtained, and the optimal solution is obtained through repeated iteration and evolutionary calculation until the convergence condition is met;
and S4, inputting the corresponding optimization parameters into the corresponding control equipment through the computer control equipment.
2. The optimization method according to claim 1, wherein the pretreatment module of the cryogenic denitrification pretreatment process for natural gas comprises a centrifugal separator, an additive injection device and a molecular sieve device which are connected in sequence from the natural gas inlet end to the natural gas outlet end;
the centrifugal separator and the additive injection equipment are connected with computer control equipment.
3. The optimization method according to claim 2, wherein the centrifugal separator comprises a main body, a feed gas inlet, a lower discharge port, a lower discharge pipe, a liquid collector, and a gas discharge port.
4. The optimization method according to claim 2, wherein the additive injection apparatus comprises an additive reservoir, an additive delivery apparatus, and a mixing tower.
5. The optimization method according to claim 4, wherein a plurality of baffles are arranged in the middle of the mixing tower, and the inner cavity of the mixing tower is divided into continuous S-shaped passages by the baffles;
the additive storage device is positioned below the mixing tower and used for storing additives;
the additive storage device and the mixing tower are connected through a pipeline.
6. The optimization method according to claim 5, wherein a pump for pumping out the additive and an additive barometer are arranged on the pipeline;
the pump and the barometer are both connected to the computer control equipment, and are controlled by the computer control equipment and upload real-time data;
the pipeline extends to the side wall of the mixing tower, and the pipeline is completely overlapped with the side wall of the mixing tower in the height direction;
the tail end of the pipeline is divided into a plurality of nozzles which are uniformly distributed in height and extend into the mixing tower to uniformly provide additives for the mixing tower;
each nozzle is provided with a heating device and a flowmeter, and the heating device and the flowmeter are used for gasifying the additive through heating and spraying the additive into the mixing tower; the heating device and the flowmeter are connected to the computer control equipment, controlled by the computer control equipment and upload real-time data.
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