CN114456456A - Low-temperature-resistant oil-resistant nitrile butadiene rubber composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-temperature-resistant oil-resistant nitrile butadiene rubber composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The low-temperature-resistant and oil-resistant nitrile butadiene rubber composite material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of nitrile rubber, 1-10 parts of an active agent, 0.05-5 parts of an anti-aging agent, 30-50 parts of a reinforcing agent, 5-20 parts of a plasticizer, 1-2 parts of a vulcanizing agent, 1-5 parts of an accelerator and 1-10 parts of spherical nano silicon powder, wherein the particle size of the nano silicon powder is less than 80nm, and the surface of the nano silicon powder is provided with a silicon oxide passivation film. Because Si-O bond (0.166nm) and larger Si-O-Si bond angle (135-144 degrees) in the nano silicon powder, the internal rotation resistance is low, the flexibility is strong, and the silicon material modified nitrile rubber is utilized to realize excellent mechanical property at low temperature. And (3) mixing the components uniformly by an internal mixer/open mill according to the formula in sequence, and vulcanizing to obtain the product. The low-temperature elasticity of the product is effectively improved, the low-temperature retraction performance is greatly improved, the medium resistance is improved, the conflict between the low-temperature performance and the medium resistance of the nitrile rubber can be improved, the preparation process is simple, the conditions are controllable, and the nitrile rubber can be prepared on the conventional industrial production line.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high polymer materials, and relates to a low-temperature-resistant and oil-resistant nitrile rubber composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) is a polar unsaturated rubber, has excellent oil resistance and mechanical property due to the existence of nitrile groups, is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, automobiles, military, wires and cables and the like, can be used for producing various oil-resistant rubber and other products due to the fact that the price of the nitrile-butadiene rubber is far lower than that of fluororubber, and is an elastomer material which is most applied to sealing materials in the industrial field. However, due to the continuous development of industrial technologies, the requirement on rubber is higher and higher, and if the rubber is applied to low-temperature regions, the rubber needs to have corresponding low-temperature resistance, otherwise, potential safety hazards may occur.
Nitrile rubbers can be classified into five types depending on the Acrylonitrile (ACN) content: low acrylonitrile (ACN < 24%), medium acrylonitrile (25% < ACN < 30%), medium acrylonitrile (31% < ACN < 35%), high acrylonitrile (36% < ACN < 42%), very high acrylonitrile (43% < ACN). Selecting nitrile rubbers with different acrylonitrile contents according to different requirements, wherein the low-temperature use temperature of the nitrile rubbers is not lower than-20 ℃ to-40 ℃, and under the same formula, if the acrylonitrile content is high, the polarity is increased, the flexibility of a molecular chain is reduced, the low-temperature resistance is poor, but the medium resistance is improved; on the contrary, the low temperature performance is good and the medium resistance is poor when the content of acrylonitrile is reduced. Although the domestic nitrile rubber has a large difference from the foreign oil in terms of productivity, brand, quality and product performance, the low-temperature resistance and the medium resistance of the nitrile rubber are in conflict with each other in China and abroad. The low-temperature resistance can be improved by adding a plasticizer, blending other low-temperature resistant rubber and the like, but other properties such as mechanical properties and the like are inevitably adversely affected.
The internal structure of the nano silicon is a regular tetrahedral cubic lattice, only silicon oxygen groups which are not easy to remove exist on the surface of the particles, other impurities do not exist, the pH value is about 12, and the nano silicon is alkaline. Compared with nano silicon, white carbon black, silicon micropowder and the like which are commonly used as fillers are added into rubber, the rubber has a spatial tetrahedral network structure formed by silicon and oxygen, and the surface of the rubber not only has silicon oxygen groups, but also has isolated hydroxyl groups with electronegative atoms for hydrogen bond bonding and adjacent hydroxyl groups with strong adsorption effect on polar substances and capable of mutually bonding with each other through hydrogen bonds. The existence of the latter two hydroxyl groups enables the surface of the white carbon black to have strong chemical adsorption activity, is not beneficial to dispersion in a rubber matrix, leads the agglomeration of the white carbon black to be larger than that of common nano silicon particles, is easy to generate stress concentration, enables the rubber to be broken under the stress condition, can reduce the surface hydroxyl groups by modifying the surface of the white carbon black, but can greatly improve the cost, lead the process to be more complex and cause environmental pollution. And the pH value of the white carbon black is acidic, and organic micromolecules such as an accelerant and the like can be adsorbed, so that the vulcanization time is prolonged under the action of the factors. The addition of the white carbon black increases the content of the bonding glue, possibly improves the tensile strength and tear strength performance of the NBR, but reduces the low-temperature performance of the NBR. Silicate materials such as calcium silicate, aluminum silicate, and the like, as fillers, reduce the rubber strength and slightly increase the elongation at break compared to carbon black and white carbon black. White carbon black is added into the nitrile rubber such as Liuli, and the surface hydroxyl of the white carbon black has the function of an adsorption promoter, so that the vulcanization reaction is not facilitated to be carried out, and the rigidity of the rubber is increased by combining the carbon black and the white carbon black, so that the low-temperature elasticity of the nitrile rubber is adversely affected; zhenghua and the like research on the influence of the white carbon black dosage on the nitrile rubber, and the discovery shows that the addition of the white carbon black increases the Mooney viscosity, the flowability of the sizing material is deteriorated, the elongation at break is increased and then reduced along with the increase of the white carbon black dosage, and the compression permanent deformation is increased.
The nano silicon is selected as the nitrile rubber filler, so that the cost can be reduced, the nano silicon can play a role only by adding a small amount of nano silicon compared with the large amount of white carbon black, and the nano silicon does not have more adverse effects on rubber like white carbon black in the mixing and vulcanizing process due to the difference of the structure and the surface group.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-temperature-resistant and oil-resistant nitrile rubber composite material and a preparation method thereof, which can improve the service performance of the nitrile rubber composite material under the low-temperature condition on the premise of not losing the basic performance of rubber.
In order to realize the purposes, the invention comprises the preparation of reinforcing filler and the preparation of nitrile rubber composite material, and the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the low-temperature-resistant and oil-resistant nitrile butadiene rubber composite material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
the nitrile rubber is nitrile rubber with medium and high acrylonitrile content, the acrylonitrile content is 30-35%, the Mooney viscosity is 50-60, and the nitrile rubber is prepared by polymerizing butadiene and acrylonitrile in low-temperature emulsion.
The reinforcing agent is at least one of medium and super wear-resistant furnace black N220, fast extrusion furnace black N550 and universal furnace black N660.
The activating agent is a blend of ZnO and stearic acid, wherein the mass part ratio of ZnO to stearic acid is (4-7): (1-3).
The anti-aging agent is at least one of anti-aging agent RD, anti-aging agent 4010, anti-aging agent D and anti-aging agent 4010 NA.
The plasticizer is at least one of dioctyl adipate, dioctyl phthalate and di (butoxyethoxyethyl) adipate.
The nitrile rubber adopts a sulfur vulcanization system, and the sulfur accounts for 1-2 parts by mass.
The accelerator is at least one of thiazole sulfenamide and tetramethyl thiuram dithioxide.
The nano silicon powder is self-made in a laboratory and is prepared by a direct current arc plasma evaporation method (patent number: ZL 200410021190.1). The grain diameter is less than 80nm, the spherical shape is provided with a layer of silicon oxide passive film on the surface.
The preparation method of the low-temperature-resistant and oil-resistant nitrile butadiene rubber composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, the nitrile rubber is thinly passed on an open mill for a plurality of times, and then the nitrile rubber is plasticated in an internal mixer.
(2) Adding small materials (accelerator and anti-aging agent), and blending for 2-5 min.
(3) Adding carbon black and a plasticizer, blending for 2-5min, sweeping the materials near the banburying cavity into the cavity to prevent waste, and taking out and cooling after blending.
(4) And (3) coating the cooled blended rubber on a roller of an open mill, adding nano silicon, blending for 2-5min, and cutting for several times.
(5) Adding a vulcanizing agent and an accelerant, cutting for 3-5 times, thinly passing for 3-5 times, packaging for 3-5 triangular bags, and discharging to obtain the rubber compound.
(6) And (3) placing the uniformly mixed nitrile rubber composite material for 16-24h, and then vulcanizing at the temperature of 160-180 ℃ under the vulcanization pressure of 15-20MPa for 3-10 min. The vulcanization time is obtained by a test of a no-rotation autovulcanization instrument.
The invention adopts a method of adding nano silicon powder to modify the commonly used nitrile rubber, and has the following beneficial effects: the invention improves the low-temperature elasticity, greatly improves the low-temperature retraction performance, reduces the TR70 (the temperature when the retraction is 70 percent) by 6 ℃, improves the medium resistance, reduces the swelling ratio by 25 percent, and improves the conflict between the low-temperature performance and the medium resistance of the nitrile rubber. Meanwhile, the same mass of white carbon black is added as a contrast, and the nano silicon powder as a filler is found to be superior to the white carbon black in low-temperature retraction performance and oil resistance of the nitrile rubber. The low-temperature retraction is stretching at room temperature, then cooling to-70 ℃, removing the tensile force and raising the temperature at a uniform rate to obtain a low-temperature retraction curve, and generally taking TR10 as the glass transition temperature reference temperature, but because an elastomer is not used in an environment close to the glass transition temperature in actual use, the invention has practical reference significance for comparing the elastic capacity of the rubber at a certain low temperature. The preparation method is simple, the conditions are controllable, and the preparation can be carried out on a conventional production line.
Detailed Description
The following specific examples further illustrate the technical solution of the present invention.
In the invention, the raw materials and equipment are available on the market if not.
Example 1
Table 1 shows the formula of the low temperature resistant and oil resistant nitrile rubber composite material of example 1 in parts by mass:
the formulations were mixed as described in Table 1 above to give a rubber mix by the following mixing method:
the nitrile rubber is first thinly passed on an open mill 5 times and then plasticated in an internal mixer. Adding small materials (accelerator and anti-aging agent), blending for 3min, adding carbon black and plasticizer, blending for 3min, sweeping the materials near the banburying cavity into the cavity to prevent waste, and taking out and cooling after blending.
And (3) coating the cooled blend rubber on a roller of an open mill, uniformly mixing for 5 times by using a left cutter and a right cutter, adding a vulcanizing agent and an accelerator, performing several times by using the left cutter and the right cutter, performing thinning for 5 times, performing triangular wrapping for 5 times, and then discharging to obtain the rubber compound.
After the uniformly mixed nitrile rubber composite material is placed for 24 hours, a non-rotating auto-vulcanization instrument is used for testing the positive vulcanization time, the temperature is 160 ℃, and the time is 10 min. And then vulcanized on a vulcanizing machine. The vulcanizate properties are shown in table 2 below:
example 2
Table 3 shows the formula of the low temperature resistant and oil resistant nitrile rubber composite material of example 2 in parts by mass:
| nitrile rubber NBR1052 | 100 |
| N550 quick-extrusion furnace black | 50 |
| Zinc oxide | 5 |
| Stearic acid | 1 |
| Antiager RD | 1.5 |
| Anti-aging agent 4010NA | 1.5 |
| Nano silicon powder | 1 |
| Vulcanizing agent s-80 | 1.3 |
| Accelerant CZ | 4 |
| Accelerator TMTD | 4 |
The formulations were mixed as described in Table 3 above to give a rubber mix by the following mixing method:
the nitrile rubber is first passed thinly on an open mill 4 times and then plasticated in an internal mixer. Adding small materials (accelerator and anti-aging agent), blending for 4min, adding carbon black and plasticizer, blending for 4min, sweeping the materials near the banburying cavity into the cavity to prevent waste, and taking out and cooling after blending.
And (3) coating the cooled rubber blend on a roller of an open mill, adding nano silicon, blending for 2min, uniformly mixing for 3 times by using a left cutter and a right cutter, adding a vulcanizing agent and an accelerator, performing 4 times by using the left cutter and the right cutter, performing 4 times of triangular wrapping after thinning for 4 times, and then discharging to obtain the rubber blend.
After the uniformly mixed nitrile rubber composite material is placed for 20 hours, a non-rotating auto-vulcanization instrument is used for testing the positive vulcanization time, the temperature is 170 ℃, and the time is 8 min. And then vulcanized on a vulcanizing machine. The vulcanizate properties are shown in Table 4 below:
example 3
Table 5 shows the formula of the low temperature and oil resistant nitrile rubber composite material of example 3 in parts by mass:
| nitrile rubber NBR1052 | 100 |
| N550 quick-extrusion furnace black | 50 |
| Zinc oxide | 5 |
| Stearic acid | 1 |
| Antiager RD | 1.5 |
| Anti-aging agent 4010NA | 1.5 |
| Nano silicon powder | 3 |
| Vulcanizing agent s-80 | 1.3 |
| Accelerant CZ | 4 |
| Accelerator TMTD | 4 |
The formulations were mixed as described in Table 5 above to give rubber mixtures by the following mixing methods:
the nitrile rubber was first thinly passed on an open mill 3 times and then plasticated in an internal mixer. Adding small materials (accelerator and anti-aging agent), blending for 5min, adding carbon black and plasticizer, blending for 5min, sweeping the materials near the banburying cavity into the cavity to prevent waste, taking out, and cooling
And (3) coating the cooled rubber blend on a roller of an open mill, adding nano silicon, blending for 3min, uniformly mixing for 4 times by using a left cutter and a right cutter, adding a vulcanizing agent and an accelerator, performing 3 times by using the left cutter and the right cutter, finally performing thinning for 3 times, performing triangular wrapping for 3 times, and then discharging to obtain the rubber blend.
After the uniformly mixed nitrile rubber composite material is placed for 16 hours, the positive vulcanization time is tested by a non-rotating auto-vulcanization instrument, the temperature is 180 ℃, and the time is 3 min. And then vulcanized on a vulcanizing machine. The vulcanizate properties are shown in Table 6 below:
example 4
Table 7 shows the formulation of the low temperature and oil resistant nitrile rubber composite of example 4 in parts by mass:
| nitrile rubber NBR1052 | 100 |
| N550 quick-extrusion furnace black | 50 |
| Zinc oxide | 5 |
| Stearic acid | 1 |
| Antiager RD | 1.5 |
| Anti-aging agent 4010NA | 1.5 |
| Nano silicon powder | 5 |
| Vulcanizing agent s-80 | 1.3 |
| Accelerant CZ | 4 |
| Accelerator TMTD | 4 |
The formulations were mixed as described in Table 7 above to give rubber mixtures by the following mixing methods:
the nitrile rubber is first thinly passed on an open mill 5 times and then plasticated in an internal mixer. Adding small materials (accelerator and anti-aging agent), blending for 5min, adding carbon black and plasticizer, blending for 5min, sweeping the materials near the banburying cavity into the cavity to prevent waste, taking out, and cooling
And (3) coating the cooled rubber blend on a roller of an open mill, adding nano silicon, blending for 5min, uniformly mixing for 5 times by using a left cutter and a right cutter, adding a vulcanizing agent and an accelerator, performing 5 times by using the left cutter and the right cutter, finally performing 5 times of thin passing, performing 5 times of triangular wrapping, and then performing sheet discharging to obtain the rubber blend.
After the uniformly mixed nitrile rubber composite material is placed for 24 hours, a non-rotating auto-vulcanization instrument is used for testing the positive vulcanization time, the temperature is 160 ℃, and the time is 10 min. And then vulcanized on a vulcanizing machine. The vulcanizate properties are shown in Table 8 below:
comparative example 1
TABLE 9 nitrile rubber composite material part by mass formula of comparative example 1
| Nitrile rubber NBR1052 | 100 |
| N550 quick-extrusion furnace black | 50 |
| Zinc oxide | 5 |
| Stearic acid | 1 |
| Antiager RD | 1.5 |
| Anti-aging agent 4010NA | 1.5 |
| White carbon black | 5 |
| Vulcanizing agent s-80 | 1.3 |
| Accelerant CZ | 4 |
| Accelerator TMTD | 4 |
The formulations were mixed as described in Table 9 above to give rubber mixtures by the following mixing methods:
the nitrile rubber is first thinly passed on an open mill 5 times and then plasticated in an internal mixer. Adding small materials (accelerator and anti-aging agent), blending for 5min, adding carbon black and plasticizer, blending for 5min, sweeping the materials near the banburying cavity into the cavity to prevent waste, taking out, and cooling
And (3) coating the cooled blend rubber on a roller of an open mill, adding white carbon black, blending for 3min, uniformly mixing for several times by using a left cutter and a right cutter, adding a vulcanizing agent and an accelerator, performing 5 times by using the left cutter and the right cutter, performing 5 times of thin passing, performing 5 times of triangular wrapping, and then performing sheet discharging to obtain the blend rubber.
After the uniformly mixed nitrile rubber composite material is placed for 24 hours, a positive vulcanization time is tested by a non-rotating auto-vulcanization instrument, the temperature is 160 ℃, and the time is 10 min. And then vulcanized on a vulcanizing machine. The vulcanizate properties are shown in Table 10 below.
The above description is an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, or direct or indirect applications in other related fields, which are made by the contents of the present specification, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The low-temperature-resistant and oil-resistant nitrile butadiene rubber composite material is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
the nano silicon powder is spherical with the particle size less than 80nm, and the surface of the nano silicon powder is provided with a layer of silicon oxide passivation film.
2. The low temperature and oil resistant nitrile rubber composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrile rubber is a nitrile rubber with a medium and high acrylonitrile content, the acrylonitrile content is 30-35%, the Mooney viscosity is 50-60, and the nitrile rubber is prepared by polymerizing butadiene and acrylonitrile in a low temperature emulsion.
3. The low temperature and oil resistant nitrile rubber composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reinforcing agent is at least one of medium and super abrasion furnace black N220, fast extrusion furnace black N550 and general furnace black N660.
4. The low-temperature-resistant and oil-resistant nitrile butadiene rubber composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the activator is a blend of ZnO and stearic acid, wherein the mass part ratio of ZnO to stearic acid is 4-7: 1-3.
5. The low temperature and oil resistant nitrile rubber composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anti-aging agent is at least one of anti-aging agent RD, anti-aging agent 4010, anti-aging agent D and anti-aging agent 4010 NA.
6. The low temperature and oil resistant nitrile rubber composite as defined in claim 1, wherein the plasticizer is at least one of dioctyl adipate, dioctyl phthalate, and di (butoxyethoxyethyl) adipate.
7. The low temperature resistant and oil resistant nitrile rubber composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrile rubber adopts a sulfur vulcanization system, and the sulfur in the vulcanizing agent accounts for 1-2 parts by mass.
8. The low temperature and oil resistant nitrile rubber composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the accelerator is at least one of thiazole sulfenamide and tetramethyl thiuram dithiolate.
9. A method for preparing the low temperature resistant and oil resistant nitrile rubber composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the following steps:
(1) after passing the nitrile rubber on an open mill for a plurality of times, plasticating the nitrile rubber in an internal mixer;
(2) adding a promoter and an anti-aging agent, and blending;
(3) adding carbon black and a plasticizer, blending, taking out and cooling;
(4) wrapping the cooled blended rubber on a roller of an open mill, adding nano silicon for blending, and cutting the rubber for a plurality of times;
(5) adding a vulcanizing agent and an accelerant, performing left and right cutting for several times, performing thin passing for several times, and then packaging in a triangular bag and discharging to obtain a rubber compound;
(6) placing the uniformly mixed nitrile rubber composite material for 16-24 hours, and then vulcanizing at 160-180 ℃ under 15-20MPa for 3-10 minutes; the vulcanization time is obtained by a test of a non-rotating self-vulcanizing instrument.
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| CN115124771A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-09-30 | 安徽工程大学 | Moso bamboo powder modified high-strength nitrile butadiene rubber and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115124771A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-09-30 | 安徽工程大学 | Moso bamboo powder modified high-strength nitrile butadiene rubber and preparation method thereof |
| CN115124771B (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2023-11-10 | 安徽工程大学 | High-strength nitrile rubber modified by moso bamboo powder and preparation method thereof |
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| CN114456456B (en) | 2022-10-25 |
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