CN114455571B - Method for preparing carbon nano tube by taking waste express packaging bag as carbon source - Google Patents
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- CN114455571B CN114455571B CN202210107834.7A CN202210107834A CN114455571B CN 114455571 B CN114455571 B CN 114455571B CN 202210107834 A CN202210107834 A CN 202210107834A CN 114455571 B CN114455571 B CN 114455571B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of carbon nanotube preparation, and particularly discloses a method for preparing carbon nanotubes by taking waste express packaging bags as carbon sources. The method for preparing the carbon nano tube by taking the waste express packaging bag as a carbon source comprises the following steps: (1) Cleaning and shearing the waste express packaging bag, adding the waste express packaging bag and a cracking catalyst into a first quartz tube, then placing the quartz tube in a reaction furnace, and introducing protective atmosphere for pyrolysis reaction to obtain a pyrolysis product; (2) And (3) introducing the pyrolysis product into a second quartz tube in which a metal catalyst is placed, and carrying out catalytic reaction in a protective atmosphere to obtain the carbon nanotube after the reaction is finished. The application of the method not only can solve the problem of a large number of waste plastic bags, but also can provide a carbon source which is not limited in source and transportation for the preparation of the carbon nano tube, and simultaneously, the carbon nano tube prepared by the method has the advantages of high yield, good performance and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of carbon nanotube preparation, in particular to a method for preparing carbon nanotubes by taking waste express packaging bags as carbon sources.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of the Internet, electronic commerce is greatly launched to occupy the market, and online shopping becomes a choice for shopping for many people, so that the rapid growth of logistics in China is also driven. People send and receive express delivery every day, wherein a large number of express delivery packages and express delivery fillers are used. The current packages of the express industry mainly comprise express delivery bills, woven bags, plastic bags, envelopes, packaging boxes (corrugated boxes), adhesive tapes and the like; meanwhile, a large amount of buffer fillers are also arranged in the express package. The large number of packages are discarded and recycled improperly, and the recycling system of plastic products is perfected, so that the plastic products are discarded and then buried in common garbage, and a large amount of plastic garbage is generated.
At present, waste plastics mainly have three directions: firstly, incineration power generation accounts for about 42 percent; secondly, the second is landfill, accounting for about 27%; and thirdly, recycling, which accounts for about 31 percent. In the recovery, 99% is mechanical recovery (new products are prepared without damaging the original molecular structure), and only 1% is thermal decomposition recovery. The thermal decomposition recovery can pyrolyze and gasify the waste plastics, so as to produce various petrochemical products, and effectively convert the waste plastics into high added value products, but the application is not wide at present, which is related to the higher cost and complex flow of the method compared with the direct incineration and landfill method. However, with the advancement of research, the process of thermal decomposition recovery is gradually optimized, and the method has great potential in the future as a large-scale waste plastic recovery mode. In recent years, many researchers have tried to produce hydrogen gas from waste plastics as a hydrogen source, and have found that waste plastics can also be used as a source of carbon materials under a suitable catalyst.
The carbon nano tube has excellent mechanical, thermal and electrical properties, and the advantage of low density allows the carbon nano tube to have high specific strength. Carbon nanotubes of different structures have different applications in engineering, and are ideal materials for applications in fields where low density, low weight, high tensile strength or elastic modulus are required (e.g., transportation, structural materials, high-tech applications, etc.).
The carbon nano tube can be synthesized by gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon, and aromatic compounds (such as toluene, benzene and the like), ethylene, acetylene and the like are used in traditional synthesis, so that petroleum accompaniment is controlled, namely, the source is limited, and meanwhile, the transportation is inconvenient. Common synthetic methods of carbon nanotubes are Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition (CCVD), arc discharge, laser ablation, and other preparation techniques, carried out in a reactor such as an autoclave, muffle furnace, or fluidized bed. Different modes and reactors have great influence on the formation of the carbon nano tubes, and meanwhile, the existing reaction technology often has the problems of catalyst poisoning, overhigh energy consumption and the like, and new improvement is needed.
In view of the above, the current needs should be: 1. solves the problem of a large number of waste express packaging plastic bags, seeks a proper recycling mode and improves the added value of the waste plastic bags. 2. High quality carbon nanotubes are sought to be produced using suitable methods, which are distinguished from sources and transport limited carbon sources.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for preparing carbon nanotubes by taking waste express packaging bags as carbon sources.
The invention solves the problems by the following technical proposal:
a method for preparing carbon nanotubes by taking waste express packaging bags as carbon sources comprises the following steps:
(1) Cleaning and shearing the waste express packaging bag, adding the waste express packaging bag and a cracking catalyst into a first quartz tube, then placing the quartz tube in a reaction furnace, and introducing protective atmosphere for pyrolysis reaction to obtain a pyrolysis product;
(2) And (3) introducing the pyrolysis product into a second quartz tube in which a metal catalyst is placed, and carrying out catalytic reaction under a protective atmosphere to obtain the carbon nanotube after the reaction is finished.
The waste express packaging bag is made of waste plastic; specifically, the express packaging bag made of waste PE materials.
Preferably, the cleavage catalyst in step (1) is HF/Al 2 O 3 、BF 3 /Al 2 O 3 、H 3 PO 4 Diatomite and SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 、B 2 O 3 /Al 2 O 3 Zeolite, alPO 4 、BPO 4 、Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 、CuSO 4 One or a combination of more than one of the above.
Further preferably, the cracking catalyst is composed of zeolite, alPO 4 CuSO 4 Composition; wherein, boilStone, alPO 4 CuSO 4 The weight ratio of (2) to (4) is 5-10:1-3:2-4.
Most preferably, zeolite, alPO 4 CuSO 4 The weight ratio of (2) to (3) is 8:2:3.
Preferably, the addition amount of the cracking catalyst in the step (1) is 2-10wt% of the amount of the waste express packaging bag.
Preferably, the specific conditions for the pyrolysis reaction in step (1) are: heating to 500-550 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min for reaction for 1.5-3 h.
Preferably, the metal catalyst in the step (2) is a catalyst in which a metal element is supported on an oxide;
the metal element is selected from one or more than one of Fe, ni, mo, mn, co, mg, cr, pd, au, ti; the oxide is an oxide of Al, mg or Si.
Most preferably, the metal catalyst is Fe/Ni/Al 2 O 3 Catalyst, ni/Mn/Al 2 O 3 Catalysts or Ni/Mo/MgO catalysts. The weight ratio of metal to oxide in the metal catalyst is 1:1:3.
Preferably, the addition amount of the metal catalyst is 2-10wt% of the amount of the waste express packaging bag.
Most preferably, the specific conditions for the pyrolysis reaction in step (2) are: heating to 550-800 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min for reaction for 1-2 h.
The inventor has further encountered the problem in the process of preparing the carbon nanotubes by taking the waste express packaging bags as carbon sources, namely, how to improve the purity and the carbon conversion rate of the prepared carbon nanotubes. The inventors have found through extensive experimentation that this is closely related to the choice of cracking catalyst in step (1) and the choice of metal catalyst in step (2); the inventors have shown through a number of experiments that in the reaction of zeolite, alPO 4 CuSO 4 The pyrolysis reaction is carried out under the condition of the cracking catalyst, and then the Ni/Mo/MgO catalyst is adopted as a metal catalyst to carry out catalytic reaction, so that the obtained carbon nano tube has higher purity and carbon conversion rate.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention provides a method for preparing carbon nanotubes by taking waste express packaging bags as carbon sources. The application of the method not only can solve the problem of a large number of waste plastic bags, but also can provide a carbon source which is not limited in source and transportation for the preparation of the carbon nano tube, and simultaneously, the carbon nano tube prepared by the method has the advantages of high yield, good performance and the like. In addition, the method has the advantages of simple synthesis process and mild conditions, effectively reduces the preparation cost, and has the potential of large-scale generation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the scanning electron microscope results of a carbon nanotube sample prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the transmission electron microscope results of the carbon nanotube samples prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further explained below with reference to specific examples, which are not intended to limit the present invention in any way.
Example 1
(1) Performing primary cleaning and shearing treatment on the recovered express packaging bag made of the waste PE material, and adding 5g of sheet materials and 0.25g of cracking catalyst into a first quartz tube; setting the temperature rising rate of the first quartz tube at 5 ℃/min, heating to 500 ℃ and preserving heat for 2 hours, and simultaneously introducing protective atmosphere N into the furnace 2 Pyrolysis reaction occurs inside along with temperature rise;
(2) The gas outlet of the pyrolysis product is connected with a quartz tube No. two, 0.2g of metal catalyst is placed in the quartz tube No. two, and protective atmosphere N is introduced 2 Carrying out catalytic reaction; setting the temperature rising rate of the second quartz tube at 10 ℃/min to 750 ℃ for reaction for 1h, and converting the pyrolysis product into a carbon nano tube;
wherein the cracking catalyst in the step (1) consists of ZSM-5 zeolite and AlPO in a weight ratio of 8:2:3 4 CuSO 4 Composition;
the metal catalyst in step (1) is selected from Fe/Ni/Al 2 O 3 Catalyst, metal catalystThe catalyst contains Fe, ni and Al 2 O 3 The weight ratio of (2) is 1:1:3.
Example 2
(1) Performing primary cleaning and shearing treatment on the recovered express packaging bag made of the waste PE material, and adding 5g of sheet materials and 0.4g of cracking catalyst into a first quartz tube; setting the temperature rising rate of 5 ℃/min for the reaction furnace in which the first quartz tube is positioned, rising the temperature to 550 ℃ and preserving the heat for 1.5 hours, and simultaneously introducing protective atmosphere N into the furnace 2 Pyrolysis reaction occurs inside along with temperature rise;
(2) The gas outlet of the pyrolysis product is connected with a quartz tube No. two, 0.4g of metal catalyst is placed in the quartz tube No. two, and protective atmosphere N is introduced 2 Carrying out catalytic reaction; setting the temperature rising rate of the second quartz tube at 10 ℃/min to 600 ℃ for 2h, and converting the pyrolysis product into a carbon nano tube;
wherein the cracking catalyst in the step (1) consists of ZSM-5 zeolite and AlPO in a weight ratio of 10:1:4 4 CuSO 4 Composition;
the metal catalyst in step (1) is selected from Ni/Mn/Al 2 O 3 Catalyst, ni, mn and Al in metal catalyst 2 O 3 The weight ratio of (2) is 1:1:3.
Example 3
(1) Performing primary cleaning and shearing treatment on the recovered express packaging bag made of the waste PE material, and adding 5g of sheet materials and 0.25g of cracking catalyst into a first quartz tube; setting the temperature rising rate of the first quartz tube at 5 ℃/min, heating to 500 ℃ and preserving heat for 2 hours, and simultaneously introducing protective atmosphere N into the furnace 2 Pyrolysis reaction occurs inside along with temperature rise;
(2) The gas outlet of the pyrolysis product is connected with a quartz tube No. two, 0.2g of metal catalyst is placed in the quartz tube No. two, and protective atmosphere N is introduced 2 Carrying out catalytic reaction; setting the temperature rising rate of the second quartz tube at 10 ℃/min to 750 ℃ for reaction for 1h, and converting the pyrolysis product into a carbon nano tube;
wherein the cracking catalyst in the step (1) consists of ZSM-5 zeolite and AlPO in a weight ratio of 8:2:3 4 CuSO 4 Composition;
the metal catalyst in the step (1) is selected from Ni/Mo/MgO catalyst, and the weight ratio of Ni, mo, mgO in the metal catalyst is 1:1:3.
Example 4
(1) Performing primary cleaning and shearing treatment on the recovered express packaging bag made of the waste PE material, and adding 5g of sheet materials and 0.25g of cracking catalyst into a first quartz tube; setting the temperature rising rate of the first quartz tube at 5 ℃/min, heating to 500 ℃ and preserving heat for 2 hours, and simultaneously introducing protective atmosphere N into the furnace 2 Pyrolysis reaction occurs inside along with temperature rise;
(2) The gas outlet of the pyrolysis product is connected with a quartz tube No. two, 0.2g of metal catalyst is placed in the quartz tube No. two, and protective atmosphere N is introduced 2 Carrying out catalytic reaction; setting the temperature rising rate of the second quartz tube at 10 ℃/min to 750 ℃ for reaction for 1h, and converting the pyrolysis product into a carbon nano tube;
wherein the cracking catalyst in the step (1) consists of ZSM-5 zeolite and CuSO in a weight ratio of 8:5 4 Composition;
the metal catalyst in step (1) is selected from Fe/Ni/Al 2 O 3 Catalyst, fe, ni, al in metal catalyst 2 O 3 The weight ratio of (2) is 1:1:3.
Example 5
(1) Performing primary cleaning and shearing treatment on the recovered express packaging bag made of the waste PE material, and adding 5g of sheet materials and 0.25g of cracking catalyst into a first quartz tube; setting the temperature rising rate of the first quartz tube at 5 ℃/min, heating to 500 ℃ and preserving heat for 2 hours, and simultaneously introducing protective atmosphere N into the furnace 2 Pyrolysis reaction occurs inside along with temperature rise;
(2) The gas outlet of the pyrolysis product is connected with a quartz tube No. two, 0.2g of metal catalyst is placed in the quartz tube No. two, and protective atmosphere N is introduced 2 Carrying out catalytic reaction; setting the temperature rising rate of the second quartz tube at 10 ℃/min to 750 ℃ for reaction for 1h, and converting the pyrolysis product into a carbon nano tube;
wherein the cracking catalyst in the step (1) is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight8:5 ZSM-5 zeolite and AlPO 4 Composition;
the metal catalyst in step (1) is selected from Fe/Ni/Al 2 O 3 Catalyst, fe, ni, al in metal catalyst 2 O 3 The weight ratio of (2) is 1:1:3.
TABLE 1 purity of carbon nanotubes and carbon conversion
| Purity of | Carbon conversion | |
| Carbon nanotubes prepared in example 1 | 80.6％ | 49.7％ |
| Example 2 carbon nanotubes prepared | 74.2％ | 41.1％ |
| Example 3 carbon nanotubes prepared | 91.1％ | 70.5％ |
| Example 4 carbon nanotubes prepared | 57.2％ | 32.7％ |
| Example 5 carbon nanotubes prepared | 61.3％ | 34.6％ |
As can be seen from the purity and carbon conversion of table 1, the selection of the cracking catalyst in step (1) and the selection of the metal catalyst in step (2) are different, and the purity and carbon conversion of the obtained carbon nanotubes are greatly different; however, the purity of the carbon nanotubes prepared in example 3 is more than 90%, and the carbon conversion rate is more than 70%; far more than other embodiments, the effect is very remarkable. This illustrates: taking the waste express packaging bag as a carbon source, and preparing the carbon source from zeolite and AlPO 4 CuSO 4 The pyrolysis reaction is carried out under the condition of the composed pyrolysis catalyst, and then the Ni/Mo/MgO catalyst is adopted as a metal catalyst to carry out catalytic reaction, so that the obtained carbon nano tube has very high purity and carbon conversion rate.
Claims (6)
1. A method for preparing carbon nanotubes by taking waste express packaging bags as carbon sources is characterized by comprising the following steps of
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) Cleaning and shearing the waste express packaging bag, adding the waste express packaging bag and a cracking catalyst into a first quartz tube, then placing the quartz tube in a reaction furnace, and introducing protective atmosphere for pyrolysis reaction to obtain a pyrolysis product;
(2) Introducing the pyrolysis product into a second quartz tube with a metal catalyst, and carrying out catalytic reaction in a protective atmosphere to obtain a carbon nanotube after the reaction is finished;
the cracking catalyst consists of ZSM-5 zeolite and AlPO 4 CuSO 4 Composition; wherein the zeolite, alPO 4 CuSO 4 The weight ratio of the components is 5-10:1-3:2-4;
the metal catalyst is Fe/Ni/Al 2 O 3 Catalyst, ni/Mn/Al 2 O 3 Catalysts or Ni/Mo/MgO catalysts;
the abandoned express packaging bag is made of abandoned PE.
2. The method for preparing carbon nanotubes by using waste express packaging bags as carbon sources of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by ZSM-5 zeolite and AlPO 4 CuSO 4 The weight ratio of (2) to (3) is 8:2:3.
3. The method for preparing carbon nanotubes by using waste express packaging bags as carbon sources, which is characterized in that the addition amount of the cracking catalyst in the step (1) is 2-10wt% of the consumption of the waste express packaging bags.
4. The method for preparing carbon nanotubes by using waste express packaging bags as carbon sources according to claim 1, wherein the specific conditions of the pyrolysis reaction in the step (1) are as follows: and heating to 500-550 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min for reacting for 1.5-3 h.
5. The method for preparing the carbon nano tube by taking the waste express packaging bag as a carbon source according to claim 1, wherein the addition amount of the metal catalyst is 2-10wt% of the use amount of the waste express packaging bag.
6. The method for preparing carbon nanotubes by using waste express packaging bags as carbon sources according to claim 1, wherein the specific conditions of the pyrolysis reaction in the step (2) are as follows: heating to 550-800 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min, and reacting for 1-2 h.
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