CN114454999B

CN114454999B - Screw type penetrating plate anchor and construction method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN114454999B
Application number: CN202210112002.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 涂然; 罗仑博; 张炜; 田英辉; 王乐; 李洲; 代加林; 齐冲冲; 刘孟孟
Original assignee: China Three Gorges Corp
Current assignee: China Three Gorges Corp
Priority date: 2022-01-29
Filing date: 2022-01-29
Publication date: 2023-05-16
Anticipated expiration: 2042-01-29
Also published as: CN114454999A

Abstract

The invention provides a spiral penetrating plate anchor and a construction method thereof, wherein the spiral penetrating plate anchor comprises: a helical anchor plate; the anchor chain is connected to the spiral anchor plate; the pile body is of a sleeve structure, the anchor chain penetrates through the pile body, a first rotation stopping structure is arranged at the upper end of the spiral anchor plate, a second rotation stopping structure is arranged at the lower end of the pile body, and the first rotation stopping structure is suitable for being matched with the second rotation stopping structure so as to fix the circumferential position between the spiral anchor plate and the pile body. The technical scheme of the invention solves the defects of large construction workload and large construction difficulty of the plate anchor in the prior art.

Description

Screw type penetrating plate anchor and construction method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of offshore operation equipment, in particular to a spiral penetrating plate anchor and a construction method thereof.

Background

In the face of harsher deep sea environments, floating platforms present great advantages in terms of technical feasibility and economic costs, and how to safely and reliably moor floating platforms via an anchoring foundation is a hotspot problem of industrial concern. Currently, common ocean anchoring foundations include gravity anchors, pile anchors, suction anchors, power penetration anchors, suction penetration anchors, towing anchors, normal force bearing anchors and the like. Among these, the latter four types of anchors, although differing in profile, are primarily load bearing from their anchor plates, which may be collectively referred to as plate anchors. In a deep sea environment, the solution of penetrating the plate anchor into the seabed by gravity or suction has an advantage in terms of technical difficulty compared to the towing mode. However, after the penetration is completed, the anchor plate for resisting the pulling force of the anchor chain is usually in a vertical plane, and the bearing capacity of the anchor plate cannot be fully exerted, so that the anchor plate anchor needs to be continuously dragged, the angle of the anchor plate is adjusted, the construction workload is definitely increased, and meanwhile, the construction difficulty of the vertical penetration operation is high.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of large construction workload and large construction difficulty of the plate anchor in the prior art, thereby providing the spiral penetrating plate anchor.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a screw type penetration plate anchor comprising: a helical anchor plate; the anchor chain is connected to the spiral anchor plate; the pile body is of a sleeve structure, the anchor chain penetrates through the pile body, a first rotation stopping structure is arranged at the upper end of the spiral anchor plate, a second rotation stopping structure is arranged at the lower end of the pile body, and the first rotation stopping structure is suitable for being matched with the second rotation stopping structure so as to fix the circumferential position between the spiral anchor plate and the pile body.

Optionally, the spiral anchor plate includes the column anchor body and connects the helical blade on the lateral wall of column anchor body, and the upper end of column anchor body is provided with the convex part, and first rotation stopping structure is the first rotation stopping face that sets up on the lateral wall of convex part, and the second rotation stopping structure is the second rotation stopping face that sets up on the inside wall of the lower extreme of pile body.

Optionally, the outer side wall of the convex part is an outer hexagonal surface, and the inner side wall of the lower end of the pile body is an inner hexagonal surface.

Optionally, the anchor chain is attached to the upper surface of the boss.

Optionally, the convex part is provided with a connecting column, the lower end of the anchor chain is provided with a connecting hole, the connecting column is arranged in the connecting hole in a penetrating way, the spiral penetrating plate anchor further comprises a fastening piece, and the fastening piece is arranged on the connecting column.

Optionally, the connecting post is provided with an external thread section, and the fastener is a nut.

Optionally, the protrusion is located in the middle of the columnar anchor.

Optionally, the lower portion of the columnar anchor body is provided with a guide surface.

Optionally, the outer diameter of the pile body is matched with the diameter of the columnar anchor body.

A method of constructing a screw-type penetration anchor plate, the screw-type penetration anchor plate being as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprising: step S1: the pile body is arranged outside the anchor chain in a penetrating way, and the spiral anchor plate and the pile body are hoisted to a preset position on the sea bottom; s2, enabling the first rotation stopping structure to be matched with the second rotation stopping structure, spinning the pile body, and enabling the spiral anchor plate to penetrate; and S3, after the spiral anchor plate is penetrated to a preset position, lifting the pile body up and recovering the pile body, and connecting an anchor chain to the offshore working platform.

The invention has the following advantages:

by utilizing the technical scheme of the invention, when the plate anchor needs to be penetrated, the lower end of the pile body is abutted with the upper end of the spiral anchor plate, and the first rotation stopping structure is matched with the second rotation stopping structure. And spinning the pile body, and driving the spiral anchor plate to rotate when the pile body rotates, so that the spiral anchor plate is spirally penetrated into the seabed. After the penetration is completed, the pile body is lifted up, and the pile body is separated from the spiral anchor plate, so that the pile body can be recycled. Simultaneously, the upper end of the anchor chain is connected with an offshore platform, so that the anchoring operation is finished. In the above structure, the helical anchor plate is turned into the seabed at a small inclination angle by spinning at the time of penetration. The spinning construction changes the acting force direction of soil on the anchor, and reduces the required vertical installation force, thereby reducing the construction difficulty in the penetrating process. After penetrating into place, the surface of the spiral anchor plate is close to the horizontal plane direction, the horizontal projection area of the plate anchor reaches the maximum, the vertical soil pressure can be fully exerted for resisting the drawing load on the anchor chain, and the pulling resistance of the spiral anchor plate is exerted to a greater extent. After the penetration is finished, the spiral anchor plate is close to the horizontal plane direction, and the inclination angle is changed without continuous dragging like the traditional flat anchor construction, so that the cost reduction and synergy are realized, and the offshore wind power reduction is facilitated. In addition, the pile body for transmission spinning is recovered and reused through vertical lifting after construction is completed, so that construction cost is further saved. Therefore, the technical scheme of the invention solves the defects of large construction workload and large construction difficulty of the plate anchor in the prior art.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural view of a screw-type penetration plate anchor of the present invention; and

fig. 2 shows an enlarged schematic view at a in fig. 1.

Reference numerals illustrate:

10. a helical anchor plate; 11. a columnar anchor body; 111. a convex portion; 112. a connecting column; 12. a helical blade; 20. an anchor chain; 21. a connection hole; 30. pile body; 40. a first rotation stopping structure; 50. a second rotation stopping structure; 60. a fastener.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

In addition, the technical features of the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the helical penetration plate anchor of the present embodiment includes a helical anchor plate 10, a chain 20, and a shaft 30. Wherein the anchor chain 20 is attached to the helical anchor plate 10. Shaft 30 is sleeve-shaped, and anchor chain 20 passes through shaft 3. Further, the upper end of the helical anchor plate 10 is provided with a first rotation stopping structure 40, the lower end of the pile body 30 is provided with a second rotation stopping structure 50, and the first rotation stopping structure 40 is suitable for being matched with the second rotation stopping structure 50 so as to fix the circumferential position between the helical anchor plate 10 and the pile body 30.

With the technical solution of this embodiment, when the plate anchor needs to be penetrated, the lower end of the pile body 30 is abutted against the upper end of the spiral anchor plate 10, and the first rotation stopping structure 40 and the second rotation stopping structure 50 are matched. Spinning pile body 30, when pile body 30 rotates, driving spiral anchor plate 10 to rotate, and then spiral anchor plate 10 is penetrated into the seabed. After the penetration is completed, the pile body 30 is lifted up, and the pile body 30 is separated from the helical anchor plate 10, so that the pile body 30 can be recovered. At the same time, the upper end of the anchor chain 20 is connected to the offshore platform, thereby completing the anchoring operation. In the above structure, the helical anchor plate 10 is turned into the seabed at a small inclination angle by spinning at the time of penetration. The spinning construction changes the acting force direction of soil on the anchor, and reduces the required vertical installation force, thereby reducing the construction difficulty in the penetrating process. After penetrating into place, the plate surface of the spiral anchor plate 10 is close to the horizontal plane direction, the horizontal projection area of the plate anchor is the largest, the vertical soil pressure can be fully exerted for resisting the drawing load on the anchor chain, and the pulling resistance of the spiral anchor plate is exerted to a greater extent. After the penetration is finished, the spiral anchor plate is close to the horizontal plane direction, and the inclination angle is changed without continuous dragging like the traditional flat anchor construction, so that the cost reduction and synergy are realized, and the offshore wind power reduction is facilitated. In addition, pile body 30 for driving spinning is recovered and reused through vertical lifting after construction is completed, thereby further saving construction cost. Therefore, the technical scheme of the embodiment solves the defects of large construction workload and large construction difficulty of the plate anchor in the prior art.

As shown in fig. 1, it should be noted that the pile body 30 in this embodiment has a sleeve structure. The upper and lower ends of shaft 30 are open so that anchor chain 20 may pass through the shaft.

It should be noted that, when first rotation stopping structure 40 and second rotation stopping structure 50 are in contact, both structures may fix a circumferential position between pile body 30 and spiral anchor plate 10. Therefore, when the pile body 30 is driven to rotate, the pile body 30 can drive the spiral anchor plate 10 to synchronously rotate, so that the spiral anchor plate 10 is spirally penetrated into the seabed.

Referring to fig. 2, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that when shaft 30 is depressed into abutment with the upper end of helical anchor plate 10, first rotation-stopping structure 40 and second rotation-stopping structure 50 cooperate. When shaft 30 is lifted so that it is separated from helical anchor plate 10, first and second

anti-rotation structures

40 and 50 are also separated.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in the technical solution of the present embodiment, a helical anchor plate 10 includes a cylindrical anchor body 11 and helical blades 12 connected to the side walls of the cylindrical anchor body 11. The upper end of the columnar anchor body 11 is provided with a convex part 111, the first rotation stopping structure 40 is a first rotation stopping surface arranged on the side wall of the convex part 111, and the second rotation stopping structure 50 is a second rotation stopping surface arranged on the inner side wall of the lower end of the pile body 30.

Specifically, the columnar anchor 11 has a rod-like structure, the convex portion 111 is provided on the upper end face of the columnar anchor 11, and the cross-sectional shape of the convex portion 111 is smaller than the size of the columnar anchor 11. When pile body 30 is pressed down to abut against the upper end of columnar anchor body 11, the lower end of pile body 30 is sleeved outside protruding portion 111, so that the first rotation stopping surface and the second rotation stopping surface are in contact. Thus, when pile body 30 rotates, columnar anchor 11 can be driven to synchronously rotate by the first rotation stopping surface and the second rotation stopping surface.

The first rotation stopping surface and the second rotation stopping surface are simple in structural form, convenient to match and separate, and beneficial to reducing construction difficulty.

As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art in conjunction with FIG. 2, the helical blades 12 are of a helical configuration, thereby facilitating a reduction in the difficulty of penetration construction of the helical anchor plate 10.

Preferably, the outer side wall of protrusion 111 is an outer hexagonal surface, and the inner side wall of the lower end of pile body 30 is an inner hexagonal surface. Specifically, the cross section of the protruding portion 111 has a hexagonal structure (actually, the protruding portion 111 may be a hexagonal nut fixed to the upper end surface of the columnar anchor 11), and the inner side wall of the lower end of the inner hole of the pile body 30 has a hexagonal surface. When pile body 30 is sleeved outside protruding portion 111, pile body 30 can drive columnar anchor body 11 to rotate through the hexagonal surface.

Of course, the first rotation stopping surface and the second rotation stopping surface may be other surfaces, and are not limited to hexagonal surface structures.

As shown in fig. 2, in the technical solution of the present embodiment, the anchor chain 20 is attached to the upper surface of the convex portion 111. Specifically, one end of anchor chain 20 is connected to protruding portion 111, and the other end is connected to an external structure after passing through shaft 30.

Further, a connection post 112 is provided on the protrusion 111, a connection hole 21 is provided at the lower end of the anchor chain 20, and the connection post 112 is inserted into the connection hole 21. The screw-type access plate anchor also includes a fastener 60, the fastener 60 being disposed on the connecting post 112. Specifically, the connecting post 112 extends along the axial direction of the helical anchor plate 10, when the anchor chain 20 is required to be installed, the connecting hole 21 is sleeved outside the connecting post 112, and then the fastener 60 is installed on the connecting post 112, namely, the lower end of the anchor chain 20 is fixed with the helical anchor plate 10.

Preferably, the diameter of the connection hole 21 is larger than the outer diameter of the connection post 112, so that the anchor chain 20 does not twist when the helical anchor plate 10 rotates.

Further, the connecting post 112 is provided with an external threaded section, and the fastener 60 is a nut. Specifically, the connection post 112 is provided as a stud. The nuts are preferably arranged in two overlapping pairs, thereby ensuring the tightening effect.

Preferably, protrusion 111 is located in the middle of columnar anchor 11, and the outer diameter of shaft 30 is adapted to the diameter of columnar anchor 11. When pile body 30 is pressed down to abut against helical anchor plate 10, pile body 30 and columnar anchor 11 form a cylindrical structure.

Preferably, the lower portion of the cylindrical anchor body 11 is provided with a guide surface so as to facilitate the screw penetration of the screw anchor plate 10.

The embodiment also provides a construction method of the spiral penetrating anchor plate, wherein the spiral penetrating anchor plate is the spiral penetrating anchor plate, and the construction method comprises the following steps:

step S1: penetrating the pile body 30 outside the anchor chain 20, and hoisting the spiral anchor plate 10 and the pile body 30 to a preset position on the sea bottom;

step S2, the first rotation stopping structure 40 and the second rotation stopping structure 50 are matched, and the pile body 30 is spun to penetrate the spiral anchor plate 10;

step S3, after the spiral anchor plate 10 is penetrated to a preset position, the pile body 30 is lifted up and recovered, and the anchor chain 20 is connected to an offshore platform.

According to the above description, the present invention provides a novel screw-type penetration plate anchor, which is greatly improved and raised compared to conventional penetration plate anchors and screw anchors which rely on gravity or suction. Firstly, the anchor plate is spiral, and the anchor plate is not in a plane, so that a spiral penetrating mode can be adopted, the anchor plate and the penetrating direction form a certain included angle, the friction force direction is changed, the required vertical installation force is reduced, the miniaturization of construction equipment is facilitated, and the spiral penetrating mode proves that the disturbance to soil is small, so that the bearing capacity of the anchor plate is facilitated to be maintained. Secondly, the invention can stop the operation after spinning to a preset depth through a construction machine, which is different from the gravity penetration anchor, so that the penetration depth can be directly controlled, thereby being beneficial to reducing the uncertainty in construction and achieving the preset state of design. Meanwhile, after penetrating into the preset depth, the anchor plate is close to the horizontal plane, so that the bearing capacity of the anchor plate can be fully exerted, continuous dragging adjustment is not needed, and the subsequent construction amount is reduced. The invention is different from the screw pile, after the screw plate anchor is penetrated into place, the pile body connecting rod is recovered by lifting, so that not only is the material saved, but also the pile body connecting rod can be reused for construction, and the invention has strong economical efficiency. Therefore, the novel spiral penetrating anchor is convenient to construct, small in construction amount, excellent in bearing performance and high in economy, can adapt to construction environments with different water depths, and has high application value.

It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While still being apparent from variations or modifications that may be made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A spiral penetration plate anchor, comprising:

a helical anchor plate (10);

-an anchor chain (20) connected to said helical anchor plate (10);

pile body (30), pile body (30) is sleeve structure, anchor chain (20) pass pile body (30),

the upper end of the spiral anchor plate (10) is provided with a first rotation stopping structure (40), the lower end of the pile body (30) is provided with a second rotation stopping structure (50), and the first rotation stopping structure (40) is suitable for being matched with the second rotation stopping structure (50) so as to fix the circumferential position between the spiral anchor plate (10) and the pile body (30);

the spiral anchor plate (10) comprises a columnar anchor body (11) and spiral blades (12) connected to the side wall of the columnar anchor body (11), a convex part (111) is arranged at the upper end of the columnar anchor body (11), the first rotation stopping structure (40) is a first rotation stopping surface arranged on the side wall of the convex part (111), the second rotation stopping structure (50) is a second rotation stopping surface arranged on the inner side wall of the lower end of the pile body (30), the outer side wall of the convex part (111) is an outer hexagonal surface, and the inner side wall of the lower end of the pile body (30) is an inner hexagonal surface;

a connecting column (112) is arranged on the convex part (111), a connecting hole (21) is formed in the lower end of the anchor chain (20), the connecting column (112) is penetrated in the connecting hole (21), the spiral penetrating plate anchor further comprises a fastening piece (60), and the fastening piece (60) is arranged on the connecting column (112);

when the pile body (30) is pressed down to be abutted against the upper end of the spiral anchor plate (10), the lower end of the pile body (30) is sleeved outside the convex part (111), so that the first rotation stopping surface is contacted with the second rotation stopping surface, the first rotation stopping structure (40) is matched with the second rotation stopping structure (50), and when the pile body (30) is lifted up to be separated from the spiral anchor plate (10), the first rotation stopping structure (40) is separated from the second rotation stopping structure (50);

when the pile body (30) rotates, the columnar anchor body (11) can be driven to synchronously rotate through the first rotation stopping surface and the second rotation stopping surface.

2. The screw-type penetration plate anchor according to claim 1, wherein the anchor chain (20) is attached to an upper surface of the boss (111).

3. The screw-type penetration plate anchor of claim 1 wherein the connecting post (112) has an externally threaded section thereon and the fastener (60) is a nut.

4. Screw-type penetration plate anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that the protrusion (111) is located in the middle of the cylindrical anchor body (11).

5. Screw-type penetration plate anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower part of the cylindrical anchor body (11) is provided with a guiding surface.

6. Screw-type penetration plate anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer diameter of the shaft (30) is adapted to the diameter of the cylindrical anchor body (11).

7. A method of constructing a screw-type penetration anchor plate, wherein the screw-type penetration anchor plate is the screw-type penetration anchor plate according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the method comprising:

step S1: the pile body (30) is arranged outside the anchor chain (20) in a penetrating mode, and the spiral anchor plate (10) and the pile body (30) are hoisted to a preset position on the sea bottom;

s2, enabling the first rotation stopping structure (40) and the second rotation stopping structure (50) to be matched, spinning the pile body (30) and enabling the spiral anchor plate (10) to penetrate;

and S3, after the spiral anchor plate (10) is penetrated to a preset position, lifting the pile body (30) and recovering, and connecting the anchor chain (20) to an offshore working platform.