CN114453980A - Interference magnitude regulating and controlling device and method for interference connection of high-speed electric spindle and bearing - Google Patents
Interference magnitude regulating and controlling device and method for interference connection of high-speed electric spindle and bearing Download PDFInfo
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- CN114453980A CN114453980A CN202210234207.XA CN202210234207A CN114453980A CN 114453980 A CN114453980 A CN 114453980A CN 202210234207 A CN202210234207 A CN 202210234207A CN 114453980 A CN114453980 A CN 114453980A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 16
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 title description 9
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020347 spindle assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q23/00—Arrangements for compensating for irregularities or wear, e.g. of ways, of setting mechanisms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/70—Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Support Of The Bearing (AREA)
- Mounting Of Bearings Or Others (AREA)
Abstract
A magnitude of interference regulation and control device for high-speed electric main shaft and bearing interference are connected includes: the device comprises a bearing seat (1), a spring (2), a bearing (4), an outer sleeve (5), an inner sleeve (6), a pretightening nut (7) and an electric spindle (9); the left side of the electric spindle is provided with a shaft shoulder (3), the spring is sleeved on the electric spindle, the left end of the spring is connected with the shaft shoulder, the right end of the spring is connected with the inner sleeve, and the left end of the outer sleeve is fixed to the shaft shoulder; the inner side wall of the inner sleeve is a cylindrical side wall and slides on the electric spindle, and the outer side wall of the inner sleeve is a conical side wall with a pointed end facing the left; the outer side wall of the outer sleeve is a cylindrical side wall and is connected with a bearing, the bearing is fixed on a bearing seat, the inner side wall of the outer sleeve is a conical side wall, the pointed end faces to the left, the inner side wall is sleeved outside the spring, the conicity of the inner sleeve is the same as that of the outer sleeve, and the inner side wall of the outer sleeve is in sliding fit with the outer side wall of the inner sleeve; the right-hand member of sleeve in pretension nut setting, adjust the left and right sides displacement volume of inner skleeve through pretension nut. And a method of operating the apparatus.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-speed motorized spindle systems, in particular to an interference magnitude regulating and controlling device for interference connection of a high-speed motorized spindle and a bearing and a working method of the interference magnitude regulating and controlling device for interference connection of the high-speed motorized spindle and the bearing.
Background
The high-speed motorized spindle is a core component of a high-speed machine tool, and the performance of the high-speed motorized spindle determines the machining precision and the production efficiency of the whole machine tool to a great extent. In a spindle assembly, an inner ring of a rolling bearing is usually connected with a spindle in an interference fit manner, and the magnitude of interference can influence the working clearance of the bearing, so that the rigidity and the rotation precision of the spindle and the service life of the spindle and the bearing are influenced. Particularly, when the main shaft rotates at a high speed, the outer diameter of the main shaft expands and the inner ring of the bearing expands due to the influence of centrifugal force and heating action, so that the interference of a main shaft-bearing combination interface is increased. Along with the increase of the rotating speed, the interference fit between the electric spindle and the bearing is changed into clearance fit, the relative movement of the bearing inner ring and the joint interface can also aggravate the abrasion of the joint interface, and the service life and the reliability of the electric spindle and the bearing are reduced. If the rotating speed is too high, the connection between the main shaft and the bearing is possibly loosened, and the connection fails.
In practical production and processing, in order to ensure high processing efficiency and precision, a high-speed electric spindle is required to have both high rigidity and high-speed rotation. However, since the initial interference of the interference connection is a constant value, it cannot be changed or adjusted, and it is difficult to satisfy the requirements of high rigidity and high-speed rotation characteristics of the electric spindle.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an interference magnitude regulating device for interference connection of a high-speed electric spindle and a bearing, which adopts a variable initial interference magnitude technology to determine the initial interference magnitude required by a machine tool spindle-bearing combination interface under different working conditions and different rotating speeds, can apply larger combination interface interference magnitude to improve the rigidity of the high-speed spindle and reduce the abrasion and temperature rise generated by centrifugal expansion, can also apply smaller combination interface interference magnitude to reduce the damage of the interference connection to a matching surface, and has the advantages of simple and reasonable structure, easy maintenance and high control precision.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the interference magnitude regulating and controlling device for the interference connection of the high-speed electric spindle and the bearing comprises: the device comprises a bearing seat (1), a spring (2), a bearing (4), an outer sleeve (5), an inner sleeve (6), a pre-tightening nut (7) and an electric spindle (9);
the left side of the electric spindle is provided with a shaft shoulder (3), the spring is sleeved on the electric spindle, the left end of the spring is connected with the shaft shoulder, the right end of the spring is connected with the inner sleeve, and the left end of the outer sleeve is fixed to the shaft shoulder;
the inner side wall of the inner sleeve is a cylindrical side wall and slides on the electric spindle, and the outer side wall of the inner sleeve is a conical side wall with a pointed end facing to the left;
the outer side wall of the outer sleeve is a cylindrical side wall and is connected with a bearing, the bearing is fixed on a bearing seat, the inner side wall of the outer sleeve is a conical side wall, the pointed end faces to the left, the inner side wall of the outer sleeve is sleeved outside the spring, the conicity of the inner sleeve is the same as that of the outer sleeve, and the inner side wall of the outer sleeve is in sliding fit with the outer side wall of the inner sleeve;
the right-hand member of sleeve in pretension nut setting, adjust the left and right sides displacement volume of inner skleeve through pretension nut.
The spring is sleeved on the electric spindle, the left end of the spring is connected with the shaft shoulder, the right end of the spring is connected with the inner sleeve, and the left end of the outer sleeve is fixed to the shaft shoulder; the inner side wall of the inner sleeve is a cylindrical side wall and slides on the electric spindle, and the outer side wall of the inner sleeve is a conical side wall with a pointed end facing to the left; the outer side wall of the outer sleeve is a cylindrical side wall and is connected with a bearing, the bearing is fixed on a bearing seat, the inner side wall of the outer sleeve is a conical side wall, the pointed end faces to the left, the inner side wall of the outer sleeve is sleeved outside the spring, the conicity of the inner sleeve is the same as that of the outer sleeve, and the inner side wall of the outer sleeve is in sliding fit with the outer side wall of the inner sleeve; the pre-tightening nut is arranged at the right end of the inner sleeve, and the left and right displacement of the inner sleeve is adjusted through the pre-tightening nut, so that the initial interference required by a machine tool spindle-bearing combination interface under different working conditions and different rotating speeds is determined by adopting a variable initial interference technology, the large interference of the combination interface can be applied to improve the rigidity of the high-speed spindle and reduce the abrasion and temperature rise generated by centrifugal expansion, the small interference of the combination interface can be applied to reduce the damage of interference connection to a matching surface, and the structure is simple and reasonable, easy to maintain and high in control precision.
The method for the interference magnitude regulating and controlling device for the interference connection of the high-speed motorized spindle and the bearing is further provided, and comprises the following steps:
(1) the spring is sleeved on the electric spindle, the left end of the spring is connected with the strain gauge at the shaft shoulder, the outer sleeve is sleeved outside the spring, and the left end of the outer sleeve is fixed to the shaft shoulder;
(2) the inner sleeve is inserted between the outer sleeve and the electric spindle, the inner side wall of the inner sleeve is in clearance fit assembly with the electric spindle, and the outer side wall of the inner sleeve is in sliding connection with the inner side wall of the outer sleeve;
(3) the outer side wall of the outer sleeve is connected with a bearing fixed on the bearing seat;
(4) the pre-tightening nut is screwed to enable the inner sleeve to slowly move leftwards, the interference magnitude of the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve is gradually increased, and the increase and adjustment of the interference magnitude are completed; or the pretightening nut is screwed, the spring at the left end of the inner sleeve pushes against the inner sleeve to enable the inner sleeve to move rightwards slowly, the interference magnitude of the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve is gradually reduced, and the reduction and adjustment of the interference magnitude are completed;
(5) and after the adjustment is finished, locking the pre-tightening nut by using a locking nut.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of an interference control device for interference connection of a high-speed electric spindle and a bearing according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the interference control device for interference connection between a high-speed electric spindle and a bearing comprises: the device comprises a bearing seat 1, a spring 2, a bearing 4, an outer sleeve 5, an inner sleeve 6, a pre-tightening nut 7 and an electric spindle 9;
the left side of the electric spindle is provided with a shaft shoulder 3, the spring is sleeved on the electric spindle, the left end of the spring is connected with the shaft shoulder, the right end of the spring is connected with the inner sleeve, and the left end of the outer sleeve is fixed to the shaft shoulder;
the inner side wall of the inner sleeve is a cylindrical side wall and slides on the electric spindle, and the outer side wall of the inner sleeve is a conical side wall with a pointed end facing to the left;
the outer side wall of the outer sleeve is a cylindrical side wall and is connected with a bearing, the bearing is fixed on a bearing seat, the inner side wall of the outer sleeve is a conical side wall, the pointed end faces to the left, the inner side wall of the outer sleeve is sleeved outside the spring, the conicity of the inner sleeve is the same as that of the outer sleeve, and the inner side wall of the outer sleeve is in sliding fit with the outer side wall of the inner sleeve;
the right-hand member of sleeve in pretension nut setting, adjust the left and right sides displacement volume of inner skleeve through pretension nut.
The spring is sleeved on the electric spindle, the left end of the spring is connected with the shaft shoulder, the right end of the spring is connected with the inner sleeve, and the left end of the outer sleeve is fixed to the shaft shoulder; the inner side wall of the inner sleeve is a cylindrical side wall and slides on the electric spindle, and the outer side wall of the inner sleeve is a conical side wall with a pointed end facing to the left; the outer side wall of the outer sleeve is a cylindrical side wall and is connected with a bearing, the bearing is fixed on a bearing seat, the inner side wall of the outer sleeve is a conical side wall, the pointed end faces to the left, the inner side wall of the outer sleeve is sleeved outside the spring, the conicity of the inner sleeve is the same as that of the outer sleeve, and the inner side wall of the outer sleeve is in sliding fit with the outer side wall of the inner sleeve; the pre-tightening nut is arranged at the right end of the inner sleeve, and the left and right displacement of the inner sleeve is adjusted through the pre-tightening nut, so that the initial interference required by a machine tool spindle-bearing combination interface under different working conditions and different rotating speeds is determined by adopting a variable initial interference technology, the large interference of the combination interface can be applied to improve the rigidity of the high-speed spindle and reduce the abrasion and temperature rise generated by centrifugal expansion, the small interference of the combination interface can be applied to reduce the damage of interference connection to a matching surface, and the structure is simple and reasonable, easy to maintain and high in control precision.
Preferably, a strain gauge is attached to the shoulder, and the spring is connected to the strain gauge. A strain gauge is an element for measuring strain that is constituted by a sensitive grid or the like. The working principle of the resistance strain gauge is based on the strain effect, that is, when a conductor or a semiconductor material is mechanically deformed under the action of external force, the resistance value of the conductor or the semiconductor material is correspondingly changed, and the phenomenon is called the strain effect. The deformation amount of the spring, namely the axial displacement of the inner sleeve can be accurately obtained through the strain gauge, and the initial interference can be accurately obtained.
Preferably, a flange is arranged on the right side of the inner sleeve, and the pre-tightening force of the pre-tightening nut arranged on the right end of the main shaft acts on the flange. The design is so in order to make the pretightning force evenly act on the inner skleeve, increase the life of inner skleeve.
Preferably, the bearing is a double row angular contact ball bearing. The double-row angular contact ball bearing is basically designed as a single-row angular contact ball bearing, but occupies a smaller axial space. The double row angular contact ball bearing can bear radial load and axial load acting in two directions, and can limit axial displacement of the shaft or the housing in two directions.
Preferably, the outer sleeve is mounted on a bearing inner ring of the double row angular contact ball bearing in a tight fit manner.
Preferably, the inner sleeve is installed on the electric spindle in a clearance fit mode and assembled with the outer sleeve in an interference connection mode.
Preferably, a locking nut 8 is arranged on the right side of the pretension nut. And after the adjustment is finished, locking the pre-tightening nut by using a locking nut.
Preferably, the pretension nut is threaded in the opposite direction to the lock nut. Therefore, the loosening phenomenon can be prevented in the operation process of the main shaft.
The method for the interference magnitude regulating and controlling device for the interference connection of the high-speed motorized spindle and the bearing is further provided, and comprises the following steps:
(1) the spring is sleeved on the electric spindle, the left end of the spring is connected with the strain gauge at the shaft shoulder, the outer sleeve is sleeved outside the spring, and the left end of the outer sleeve is fixed to the shaft shoulder;
(2) the inner sleeve is inserted between the outer sleeve and the electric spindle, the inner side wall of the inner sleeve is in clearance fit assembly with the electric spindle, and the outer side wall of the inner sleeve is in sliding connection with the inner side wall of the outer sleeve;
(3) the outer side wall of the outer sleeve is connected with a bearing fixed on the bearing seat;
(4) the pre-tightening nut is screwed to enable the inner sleeve to slowly move leftwards, the interference magnitude of the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve is gradually increased, and the increase and adjustment of the interference magnitude are completed; or the pretightening nut is screwed, the spring at the left end of the inner sleeve pushes against the inner sleeve to enable the inner sleeve to move rightwards slowly, the interference magnitude of the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve is gradually reduced, and the reduction and adjustment of the interference magnitude are completed;
(5) and after the adjustment is finished, locking the pre-tightening nut by using a locking nut.
The design principle of the invention is as follows: the interference magnitude of interference connection between the main shaft and the bearing inner ring is adjusted by moving the inner sleeve leftwards, the change of axial displacement of the inner sleeve is converted into the change of radial interference magnitude, the interference connection between the main shaft and the bearing inner ring is converted into the interference fit between the sleeves, and the initial interference magnitude is adjusted by the stress of the spring at the left end of the inner sleeve. Selecting reasonable initial interference according to different working conditions, screwing the pre-tightening nut to enable the inner sleeve to slowly move leftwards, gradually increasing the interference of the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve, and finishing the increase and adjustment of the interference; similarly, the pre-tightening nut is reversely screwed, the spring at the left end of the inner sleeve pushes against the inner sleeve to enable the inner sleeve to slowly move rightwards, the interference magnitude of the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve is gradually reduced, and the reduction and adjustment of the interference magnitude are completed. And after the adjustment is finished, locking the pre-tightening nut by using a locking nut.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the magnitude of interference can be changed only by controlling the axial displacement of the inner sleeve, and finally the interference assembly with controllable interference is realized, so that when the spindle finishes a series of low-speed high-torque cutting motion and high-speed high-power low-torque cutting motion, the interference can be improved during high-speed operation, the negative influence caused by centrifugal force is effectively reduced, and the rotation precision and the service life of the spindle and the bearing are improved.
(2) The axial displacement is known, so that the relationship between the elastic force of the spring and the axial displacement can be accurately obtained, and the precise control of the radial interference is realized;
(3) the elastic force of the spring is adjusted by controlling the axial displacement, and the force sensor displays the elastic force of the spring, so that the condition that whether the assembly interference magnitude is proper under a specific working condition is judged only by the experience of an operator is avoided.
(4) The device mechanism design is simple, reasonable, adopts two toper sleeves and spring and pretension nut's cooperation, adopts the restraint that the toper sleeve has the auto-lock nature, fixes two toper sleeves on the main shaft reliably, has satisfied the operation requirement of the electric main shaft of the magnitude of interference of can regulating and control.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications, equivalent variations and modifications made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A magnitude of interference regulation and control device for high-speed electric main shaft and bearing interference are connected, its characterized in that: it includes: the device comprises a bearing seat (1), a spring (2), a bearing (4), an outer sleeve (5), an inner sleeve (6), a pre-tightening nut (7) and an electric spindle (9);
the left side of the electric spindle is provided with a shaft shoulder (3), the spring is sleeved on the electric spindle, the left end of the spring is connected with the shaft shoulder, the right end of the spring is connected with the inner sleeve, and the left end of the outer sleeve is fixed to the shaft shoulder;
the inner side wall of the inner sleeve is a cylindrical side wall and slides on the electric spindle, and the outer side wall of the inner sleeve is a conical side wall with a pointed end facing to the left;
the outer side wall of the outer sleeve is a cylindrical side wall and is connected with a bearing, the bearing is fixed on a bearing seat, the inner side wall of the outer sleeve is a conical side wall, the pointed end faces to the left, the inner side wall of the outer sleeve is sleeved outside the spring, the conicity of the inner sleeve is the same as that of the outer sleeve, and the inner side wall of the outer sleeve is in sliding fit with the outer side wall of the inner sleeve;
the right-hand member of sleeve in pretension nut setting, adjust the left and right sides displacement volume of inner skleeve through pretension nut.
2. The interference magnitude regulating device for the interference connection of the high-speed electric spindle and the bearing as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a strain gauge is attached to the shaft shoulder, and the spring is connected to the strain gauge.
3. The interference magnitude regulating device for the interference connection of the high-speed electric spindle and the bearing as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and a flange is arranged on the right side of the inner sleeve, and the pre-tightening force of a pre-tightening nut arranged at the right end of the main shaft acts on the flange.
4. The interference magnitude regulating device for the interference connection of the high-speed electric spindle and the bearing as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the bearing is a double-row angular contact ball bearing.
5. The interference magnitude regulating device for the interference connection of the high-speed electric spindle and the bearing as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the outer sleeve is tightly installed on a bearing inner ring of the double-row angular contact ball bearing in a matching mode.
6. The interference magnitude regulating device for the interference connection of the high-speed electric spindle and the bearing as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the inner sleeve is arranged on the electric spindle in a clearance fit mode and is in interference fit with the outer sleeve.
7. The interference magnitude regulating device for the interference connection of the high-speed electric spindle and the bearing as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a locking nut (8) is arranged on the right side of the pre-tightening nut.
8. The interference magnitude regulating device for the interference connection of the high-speed electric spindle and the bearing as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the thread directions of the pre-tightening nut and the locking nut are opposite.
9. The method for the interference control device for the interference connection of the high-speed electric spindle and the bearing according to the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: which comprises the following steps:
(1) the spring is sleeved on the electric spindle, the left end of the spring is connected with the strain gauge at the shaft shoulder, the outer sleeve is sleeved outside the spring, and the left end of the outer sleeve is fixed to the shaft shoulder;
(2) the inner sleeve is inserted between the outer sleeve and the electric spindle, the inner side wall of the inner sleeve is in clearance fit assembly with the electric spindle, and the outer side wall of the inner sleeve is in sliding connection with the inner side wall of the outer sleeve;
(3) the outer side wall of the outer sleeve is connected with a bearing fixed on the bearing seat;
(4) the pre-tightening nut is screwed to enable the inner sleeve to slowly move leftwards, the interference magnitude of the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve is gradually increased, and the increase and adjustment of the interference magnitude are completed; or the pretightening nut is screwed, the spring at the left end of the inner sleeve pushes against the inner sleeve to enable the inner sleeve to move rightwards slowly, the interference magnitude of the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve is gradually reduced, and the reduction and adjustment of the interference magnitude are completed;
(5) and after the adjustment is finished, locking the pre-tightening nut by using a locking nut.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210234207.XA CN114453980A (en) | 2022-03-10 | 2022-03-10 | Interference magnitude regulating and controlling device and method for interference connection of high-speed electric spindle and bearing |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210234207.XA CN114453980A (en) | 2022-03-10 | 2022-03-10 | Interference magnitude regulating and controlling device and method for interference connection of high-speed electric spindle and bearing |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN114453980A true CN114453980A (en) | 2022-05-10 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210234207.XA Pending CN114453980A (en) | 2022-03-10 | 2022-03-10 | Interference magnitude regulating and controlling device and method for interference connection of high-speed electric spindle and bearing |
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| CN (1) | CN114453980A (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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| DE4115564A1 (en) * | 1991-05-13 | 1992-11-19 | Jung Gmbh K | Cylindrical bearing for machine spindle - has angular bearing arrangement sprung to accommodate changes in length due to variations in temp. |
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-
2022
- 2022-03-10 CN CN202210234207.XA patent/CN114453980A/en active Pending
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB589100A (en) * | 1944-05-26 | 1947-06-11 | Tarex Sa | Improvements in or relating to smooth bearings for rotary shafts |
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| 朱琳: "机械制图", 31 August 2020, 哈尔滨工程大学出版社, pages: 189 - 192 * |
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