CN114453416B - Rolling method for regulating and controlling thickness tissue gradient of plate by heterogeneous lining plate - Google Patents
Rolling method for regulating and controlling thickness tissue gradient of plate by heterogeneous lining plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN114453416B CN114453416B CN202210035167.6A CN202210035167A CN114453416B CN 114453416 B CN114453416 B CN 114453416B CN 202210035167 A CN202210035167 A CN 202210035167A CN 114453416 B CN114453416 B CN 114453416B
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- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000238424 Crustacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000861 blow drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
- B21B2001/383—Cladded or coated products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
- B21B2001/386—Plates
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a rolling method for regulating and controlling the thickness tissue gradient of a plate by a heterogeneous lining plate. The method comprises the following steps: and (3) cleaning the plate blank, placing and fixing the plate blank and the two-side heterogeneous lining plates in a matched mode, heating and preserving heat in a furnace, preheating, and performing processes such as rolling control on the plate. The invention provides a method for realizing continuous gradient change of a plate along a thickness direction microstructure by utilizing asymmetric rolling of a soft and hard lining plate to ensure that the stress state and deformation along the thickness direction are changed regularly due to the difference of interface contact conditions of different lining plates and rolled metal plate blanks to cause the difference of stress on two sides and deformation of the plate. The gradient tissue plate prepared by the method not only improves the forming performance, but also obviously improves the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the surface of the plate product. The invention has simple operation, high production efficiency and easy realization of rolling automation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing a thick gradient material, in particular to a method for preparing a metal material with microstructure in a thick gradient distribution through a heterogeneous lining plate.
Background
The traditional homogeneous metal material has single mechanical property, so that the requirement of product use property diversity is difficult to meet. Biological materials such as shells, crustaceans and the like which are evolved in the nature for hundreds of millions of years have the excellent characteristics of integrating various properties such as toughness, high hardness, high wear resistance and the like, which are incomparable with the traditional metal materials.
Nowadays, with the vigorous development of aerospace industry, the structural efficiency and the service performance of materials are also paid attention to while pursuing light weight. The blade disc of the advanced aircraft engine is a typical representation, and the parts are required to bear larger temperature gradient and stress gradient due to the difference of service environments of different parts, so that the requirements of the different parts on the working conditions and the service environments are met.
The preparation method of the functional gradient material mainly comprises the following steps: powder metallurgy, extrusion processes, heat treatment, surface machining, and the like. The powder metallurgy method needs to strictly control the size and the distribution state of powder particles; the extrusion method needs to design a special die to meet the preparation requirements of different gradient materials and generate residual materials; when the functionally graded material is prepared by a heat treatment method, a process system and a specification are required to be strictly formulated, and the process difficulty is high; surface machining is also one way to prepare gradient functional materials, but tissue gradients only exist on the surface layer of a material workpiece, but cannot penetrate into the material matrix, i.e. only the surface functional gradients can be realized.
The rolling is an advanced plastic processing technology, has the characteristics of high production efficiency, less energy consumption, low cost, easy realization of automation and the like, and is widely used for producing high-performance and high-quality plates. If the loading conditions of the upper surface and the lower surface of the plate are changed, the stress state and the deformation behavior of the plate in the rolling process are also changed, so that the size and the shape distribution of the structure can be regulated and controlled. In view of the above, the invention provides a method for forming a plate with a gradient structure by applying heterogeneous lining plates for controlled rolling.
Disclosure of Invention
The functionally graded material can realize the on-demand customization of the characteristics of different areas or parts of the part, such as wear resistance, corrosion resistance, environmental suitability and the like, so that the functional characteristics of the formed product are greatly enriched, the enhancement and life-prolonging effects are obvious, and the application range is widened. The invention provides a forming method for controlling rolling of a metal plate by applying a heterogeneous lining plate so as to obtain microstructure gradient distribution. The heterogeneous lining plates are applied to the two sides of the target plate, and the difference of stress on the two sides and deformation of the plate is caused due to different interface contact conditions of different lining plates and the rolled target plate, so that gradient distribution of the target plate along a thickness direction tissue is realized, and the service performance of the plate is greatly enhanced. Remarkably improves the production efficiency and provides a new idea for forming and manufacturing the tissue gradient plates.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
step one: preparing each of the hard and soft liners. The length dimension of the hard lining plate is larger than 20% of that of the soft lining plate, and the width dimension is larger than 5% -10%;
step two: preparing a metal plate blank, wherein the length and width dimensions of the metal plate blank are smaller than those of the soft lining plate;
Step three: cleaning the surface of a metal plate blank by using acetone, removing greasy dirt, and then placing the metal plate blank into alcohol for cleaning and blow-drying;
step four: uniformly spraying a thin layer of high-temperature isolating agent between the contact surfaces of the hard lining plate and the soft lining plate and the metal plate blank, and naturally airing;
Step five: according to the sequence of the hard lining plate, the metal plate blank and the soft lining plate, a sandwich structure is formed by stacking the metal plate blank from top to bottom in sequence, and the metal plate blank is positioned at the middle position of the upper cladding plate and the lower cladding plate. Then adjusting one end of the metal plate blank and one end of the lining plate to fix the three-layer plate by rivets;
Step six: preheating the laminated plate blank in a heat treatment furnace, and preserving heat for a period of time;
Step seven: adjusting the roller spacing to a certain rolling reduction, clamping the laminated plate by a clamping device, and feeding the rolled plate into a rolling mill under the drive of an automatic rolling device;
step eight: correcting the rolled metal blank on a shearing machine to remove redundant positions.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following specific beneficial effects:
1. And lining plates made of different materials are respectively placed on two sides of the target plate, and the hardness of the lining plates is respectively larger than and smaller than that of the target plate, namely, soft lining plates and hard lining plates. In the rolling process, the deformation degree of the soft and hard lining plates is different, and the friction condition between the soft and hard lining plates and the interface of the target plate is changed, so that the deformation amounts of the upper surface and the lower surface of the target plate are different;
2. compared with the conventional plate rolling, the lining plate rolling can change the stress state between the roller and the plate. When the lining plates at two sides are different in material, namely after the soft and hard lining plates are adopted, the plates are linearly distributed in a regular manner along the thickness direction stress state, so that the sizes of crystal grains along the thickness direction are distributed in a gradient manner;
3. The grain size and gradient change degree of the microstructure of the plate are related to the stress state and the deformation, so that the shape and the change rule of the thickness gradient of the microstructure of the plate can be quantitatively regulated and controlled through the selection of the lining plate materials at two sides and the matching and optimization of the combination mode according to the need, the grain size is continuous and excessive, and no interface layer exists;
4. the application of the heterogeneous lining plate improves the linearity of the rolled plate and avoids the generation of bending defects. Simultaneously, rolling of 'one die and two pieces' can be realized, two target plates are rolled simultaneously, hard lining plates are applied simultaneously on two sides, one target plate is a soft lining plate relative to the other target plate, and the production efficiency is obviously improved;
5. The plate with gradient structure obtained by rolling the heterogeneous lining plate has excellent mechanical property, and the forming property of the plate is obviously improved. The hardness is in a corresponding change rule due to the gradient of the plate thickness structure, the surface fine grain size can reach the nanometer level, and the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the plate surface are obviously improved;
6. The method for preparing the tissue gradient plate by rolling the heterogeneous lining plate has universality, is not limited by factors such as materials, thickness, size, shape and the like, and meanwhile, the hard lining plate has higher strength, has smaller shape and performance change after each rolling and can be repeatedly used for multiple times;
7. the method has the advantages of low process difficulty, simple and convenient operation, easy implementation, and convenient popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a metal gradient sheet material prepared by controlled rolling of a soft and hard lining plate;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a metal gradient sheet by controlling rolling of a hard lining plate and a soft lining plate;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the changed condition;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a gradient metallographic structure of a rolled metal sheet;
FIG. 5 is a simulated view of a rolled sheet metal of different thickness ratios of the liner;
FIG. 6 is a simulated view of a rolled metal sheet with different proportions of materials for the liner.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The following describes the design of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings. The drawings are merely to aid in understanding and do not represent a complete idea of the invention.
The specific implementation method comprises the following steps: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, and includes a cemented carbide lining plate 1, a high-temperature release agent 2, a metal rolled plate 3, and a soft lining plate 4. Plate holding device 5, multi-roll mill 6, push block 7. The implementation method is completed by the following steps: 1. preparing a metal 3 rolled plate with the thickness of h 1 and the length-width dimension of l 1×d1; the thickness of the hard alloy lining plate 1 is h 2, and the length and width dimensions are as follows: l 2×d2. The thickness of the soft lining board 4 is h 3, and the length and width dimensions are l 3×d3; 2. placing the metal plate and the lining plate in an acetone solution to remove oil stains on the surface, washing the metal plate surface with alcohol, and drying; 3. uniformly spraying a thin layer of high-temperature isolating agent (boron nitride) 2-1 and 2-2 on the contact surface of each layer; 4. placing a metal plate between the soft lining plate and the hard lining plate, aligning one ends of the three plates, and fixing the three plates by rivets; 5. placing the laminated plates which are sequentially arranged into a furnace for preheating, and preserving heat for a period of time; 6. the rolling mill reduction is adjusted, the clamping device 5 clamps the laminated plate, and the push block 7 pushes the rolled plate to be sent into the rolling mill under the drive of the multi-roller rolling device 6; 7. and cutting redundant positions of the rolled plate on a sheet shearing machine after rolling. Wherein h 1 is 2mm; h 2 is 2mm; h 3 is taken at 3mm. Different thicknesses can be selected according to the material of the soft lining plate. l 2＞l1≥l3;d2＞d3≥d1.
The specific implementation method is as follows: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 2, and includes a cemented carbide lining plate 1, a high-temperature release agent 2, a metal rolled plate 3, and a soft lining plate 4. Plate holding device 5, multi-roll mill 6, push block 7. The implementation method is completed by the following steps: 1. preparing two metal 3-1 and 3-2 rolled plates with the thickness of h 1, and the length and width dimensions of l 1×d1; the thicknesses of the hard alloy lining plates 1-1 and 1-2 are h 2, and the length and width dimensions are as follows: l 2×d2. The thickness of the soft lining board 4 is h 3, and the length and width dimensions are l 3×d3; 2. placing the two metal plates and the lining plate in acetone solution to remove oil stains on the surfaces, flushing the metal plate surfaces with alcohol, and drying; 3. uniformly spraying a thin layer of high-temperature isolating agent (boron nitride) 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 and 2-4 on the contact surface of each layer; 4. placing two metal plates on two sides of a soft lining plate and aligning the two metal plates, then placing a hard lining plate on the upper side and the lower side of the metal plates respectively and aligning the hard lining plate with the soft lining plate, and fixing one end of the metal plates; 5. placing the laminated plates which are sequentially arranged into a furnace for preheating, and preserving heat for a period of time; 6. the rolling mill reduction is adjusted, the clamping device 5 clamps the laminated plate, and the push block 7 pushes the rolled plate to be sent into the rolling mill under the drive of the automatic rolling device 6; 7. and cutting redundant positions of the rolled plate on a sheet shearing machine after rolling. Wherein h 1 is 2mm; h 2 is 1mm; h 3 is taken at 3mm. Different thicknesses can be selected according to the material of the soft lining plate. One of the plate gradient structures is shown in fig. 4. l 2＞l1≥l3;d2＞d3≥d1.
The specific implementation method is as follows: the embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 3, in which the gradient structure of the sheet material produced by this embodiment can be controlled by changing the relevant conditions so as to control the rolling accuracy. Changing the thickness of the soft and hard lining plate in the first step, and controlling the thickness of the hard lining plate to be h 2; the thickness of the soft lining plate is h 3. The gradient tissue is correspondingly adjusted according to the thickness change of the soft lining plate and the hard lining plate. The rest of the steps are the same as in embodiment two. (the shape of the hard lining plate is almost unchanged, 1mm < h 2 <3mm, the soft lining plate changes along with the thickness change of the metal plate, and the ratio of h 1/ h3 ranges from 1:2 to 1:10) is shown in FIG. 3; a simulated graph of gradient plates with different thickness ratios is shown in fig. 5, and rolling methods with different thickness ratios in the graph show different effective changes, and the plate structures are different in refinement degree, so that different gradient structures can be realized.
The specific implementation method is as follows: changing the materials of the soft and hard lining plates in the first step, wherein the gradient tissue differentiation of the plates can be realized by matching different materials, and the yield ratio (sigma s/sigma b) of the hard material can be more than or equal to 0.6; the soft material can be selected from metal (0.35 < (sigma s/sigma b) < target plate yield ratio), and polymer material. The rest steps are the same as those of the second embodiment, and see FIG. 3; the simulated diagram of the gradient plate rolled by different material combinations is shown in fig. 6, and the result of different effective strains of the plate can be realized by changing different soft and hard materials, so that different gradient tissues can be rolled and prepared.
Claims (5)
1. A rolling method for regulating and controlling the thickness-to-tissue gradient of a plate by a heterogeneous lining plate is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method is realized through the following steps: step one, preparing a metal plate blank with the thickness of h 1 and the length-width dimension of l 1×d1; the thickness of the hard lining plate is h 2, and the length and width dimensions are as follows: l 2×d2, wherein the thickness of the soft lining plate (4) is h 3, and the length and width dimensions are l 3×d3; step two, placing the metal plate blank and the lining plate in an acetone solution to remove oil stains on the surface of the metal plate blank, flushing the surface of the metal plate blank with alcohol, and drying; step three, uniformly spraying a thin layer of high-temperature isolating agent boron nitride on the contact surface of each layer between the plates; step four, stacking the hard lining plate, the metal plate blank and the soft lining plate from top to bottom in sequence to form a sandwich structure, enabling the metal plate blank to be positioned in the middle of the upper cladding plate and the lower cladding plate, adjusting the alignment of the metal plate blank and one end of the lining plate, and fixing the three-layer plate by rivets; step five, placing the laminated plates which are sequentially arranged into a furnace for preheating, and preserving heat for a period of time t; step six, adjusting rolling mill depression amount alpha, clamping the laminated plate by a clamping device (5), and pushing the rolled plate to be fed into a rolling mill by a pushing block (7) under the drive of an automatic rolling device (6); and seventhly, cutting redundant positions of the rolled plate on a sheet shearing machine after rolling, wherein l 2＞l1≥l3;d2＞d3≥d1.
2. The rolling method for regulating the thickness-to-texture gradient of a plate by using a heterogeneous lining plate according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, two hard lining plates, two metal plate blanks and one soft lining plate can be prepared; and 4, sequentially changing into a hard lining plate, a metal plate blank, a soft lining plate, a metal plate blank and a hard lining plate which are sequentially stacked, so that a double heterogeneous lining plate rolling gradient plate structure with one die and two parts is formed.
3. The rolling method for regulating the thickness-to-tissue gradient of the plate by using the heterogeneous lining plate according to claim 1, wherein different gradient plates can be prepared by regulating the thickness of the hard lining plate and the soft lining plate; controlling the thickness of the metal plate blank to be h 1; the thickness of the hard lining plate is h 2; the thickness of the soft lining plate is h 3, wherein the thickness of the hard lining plate is 1mm < h 2 <3mm; the thickness of the soft lining plate changes along with the thickness change of the metal plate blank, and the ratio of h 1/h3 ranges from 1:2 to 1:10.
4. The rolling method for regulating the thickness-to-tissue gradient of the plate by using the heterogeneous lining plate according to claim 1, wherein different gradient plates can be prepared by changing the materials of the rigid lining plate and the soft lining plate; the gradient tissue differentiation of the plate can be realized by matching different materials, wherein the yield ratio sigma s/sigma b of the hard material is more than or equal to 0.6; the soft material is metal, which satisfies 0.35< sigma s/sigma b < metal plate blank yield ratio, or the soft material is polymer material.
5. The rolling method for regulating the thickness-to-tissue gradient of the plate by using the heterogeneous lining plate, according to the claim 1, wherein the rolling reduction alpha in the step 6 is controlled to be 30% -60% in a single pass, and the rolling is carried out along the direction of a metal plate blank RD to be fed into a rolling mill, so that the metal plate is always covered under the lining plate in the rolling process.
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| CN202110833878 | 2021-07-23 | ||
| CN2021108338783 | 2021-07-23 |
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| JP2004337862A (en) * | 2003-05-13 | 2004-12-02 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Metal plate having inclining function in thickness direction and method for manufacturing it |
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| CN104138902A (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2014-11-12 | 重庆大学 | Plastic processing method capable of accelerating grain refinement |
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| CN111085544A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-05-01 | 长春工业大学 | Method for preparing high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy plate by pack rolling |
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| CN112496036A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-03-16 | 太原理工大学 | Method for preparing metal gradient material by rolling |
| CN112517636A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-03-19 | 福州大学 | Deep low-temperature processing forming method for industrial pure titanium plate |
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2022
- 2022-01-13 CN CN202210035167.6A patent/CN114453416B/en active Active
Patent Citations (9)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004337862A (en) * | 2003-05-13 | 2004-12-02 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Metal plate having inclining function in thickness direction and method for manufacturing it |
| CN103962376A (en) * | 2014-03-29 | 2014-08-06 | 吉林大学 | Large reduction rolling method for magnesium alloy |
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