CN114453415A - Non-uniform-thickness rolling method for metal plate with structure gradient structure - Google Patents

Non-uniform-thickness rolling method for metal plate with structure gradient structure Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114453415A
CN114453415A CN202210127279.4A CN202210127279A CN114453415A CN 114453415 A CN114453415 A CN 114453415A CN 202210127279 A CN202210127279 A CN 202210127279A CN 114453415 A CN114453415 A CN 114453415A
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plate
metal plate
gradient
thickness
rolling
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Pending
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CN202210127279.4A
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李峰
张安鑫
霍鹏达
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Harbin University of Science and Technology
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Harbin University of Science and Technology
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Priority to CN202210127279.4A priority Critical patent/CN114453415A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/22Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B15/00Arrangements for performing additional metal-working operations specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B15/0007Cutting or shearing the product
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B37/00Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B37/00Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
    • B21B37/58Roll-force control; Roll-gap control
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/22Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
    • B21B2001/225Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length by hot-rolling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)

Abstract

A rolling method of a tissue gradient plate, in particular to a non-uniform thickness rolling method of a tissue gradient structure metal plate, which is used for solving the bottleneck problems of complicated preparation process, higher process difficulty, poor controllability, shallower gradient structure layer, easy generation of defects and the like commonly existing in the forming and manufacturing of the tissue gradient structure plate. The method comprises the following steps: prefabricating a plate blank, polishing and cleaning, heating and preserving heat in a furnace, and performing controlled rolling and other processes after preheating. The invention carries out pre-design and processing treatment on the geometric shape characteristics of the plate blank before rolling, and the thickness value changes along the length direction in a certain rule. The method is used for regulating and controlling the structural morphology evolution of the plate in the rolling process to enable the plate to be in gradient distribution, and the improvement and the synergistic promotion of the toughness-ductility of the plate are promoted. The obtained plate product has gradient change of tissue, natural transition and no obvious interface layer.

Description

Non-uniform-thickness rolling method for metal plate with structure gradient structure
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rolling method of a tissue gradient plate, in particular to a non-uniform thickness rolling method of a metal plate with a tissue gradient structure, belonging to the technical field of metal plate rolling.
Background
With the rapid development of national economy and the increasing demand of service, the usage amount of metal plates is increasing year by year, and the metal plates need to have good wear resistance, corrosion resistance and other properties while meeting the strength requirement, so that obtaining high-performance metal plates through modification is one of the key points and hot points of long-term attention in the industry. If the microstructure is in gradient distribution, the plate is helped to show good ductility and realize strengthening under high-strength deformation conditions, so that excellent strength-ductility synergistic performance is obtained. Therefore, the process conditions are utilized to regulate and control the tissue morphology of the metal sheet so that the metal sheet is distributed in a gradient rule, and an important inspiration is provided for the modification research of the high-performance metal sheet.
The most widely adopted means for preparing the metal material tissue gradient structure at present are as follows: surface heat treatment, chemical vapor deposition, machining, electrodeposition, and the like. However, the gradient structure prepared by the traditional surface heat treatment method is difficult to realize quantitative and accurate control, and for metals with excellent heat conductivity such as steel, the controllability of the surface heat treatment method is poor, and an interface is often generated between the gradient structure and a substrate; the mechanical processing method can only act on the tissue gradient structure of a shallow layer on the surface of the material and has certain requirements on the plasticity of the material; the electrodeposition method needs a plurality of factors and has certain uncertainty in the regulation and control process, so that the obtained plate is easy to generate internal defects and difficult to obtain a tissue gradient plate with stable performance.
The prior structural gradient plate is mostly distributed along the plate thickness direction, and is difficult to meet the requirement of different service performance at different parts along the length direction. Rolling is one of the effective ways for forming and manufacturing plate products, and if the forming conditions are reasonably changed, the plate is in regular gradient distribution along the forming direction, which undoubtedly provides a new idea for the development of high-performance plate with gradient structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the bottleneck problems of complex preparation flow, higher process difficulty, poor controllability, shallower tissue gradient layer, easy generation of defects and the like commonly existing in the process of forming and manufacturing the tissue gradient structure plate. The invention provides a high-performance metal plate with a structure distributed in a gradient manner along the rolling direction, which is formed by rolling a preset non-uniform-thickness blank. The method is characterized in that the geometric shape characteristics of the plate blank are designed and processed in advance before rolling, the thickness value of the plate blank changes regularly along the length direction, so that the deformation of each part of the plate blank is different during rolling, and the distribution rule of the structure changing in a gradient manner is regulated and controlled by the geometric shape characteristic design (the size of an inclination angle, the increase and decrease of one side or two sides and the like) of the plate blank along the length direction. The method can efficiently and massively form and manufacture the high-performance metal plate with the structure distributed in the gradient structure.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a metal plate blank, processing and forming along the length direction, manufacturing the plate blank into a wedge-shaped plate, wherein one end of the wedge-shaped plate keeps the original thickness and is downwards uniformly inclined to the other end at an angle alpha, and a certain thickness difference value is ensured between the front end and the rear end;
step two: degreasing the surface of the metal plate blank by using an acetone solution, polishing to expose a fresh surface, and then placing the metal plate blank in alcohol for cleaning and drying;
step three: preheating a metal plate blank in a heating furnace with a set temperature, and preserving heat for a period of time;
step four: adjusting the roller distance to a certain reduction (the roller distance is less than or equal to the minimum thickness of the metal plate); so as to ensure the surface flatness and quality of the rolled metal plate;
step five: after the plate blank is preheated, fixing the plate, and conveying the plate blank into a rolling mill by a push block under the drive of an automatic rolling device;
step six: and after rolling, cooling the plate to room temperature in air, correcting, and removing redundant waste materials on a plate shearing machine.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
firstly, the shape structure of a plate blank is designed and processed in advance before rolling, so that the plate blank has certain thickness difference along the rolling direction and has the geometrical shape characteristic of monotonous increase and decrease or trend change from the middle part to two sides;
and secondly, under the conventional rolling condition, the stress state of the plate blank passing through the rollers along the length direction is kept unchanged. However, when the method is used for rolling, the stress state of the plate blank passing through the rollers is continuously changed, and the deformation of each part is changed along with the increase and decrease trend; continuously changing the deformation of each part along the rolling direction to ensure that the sizes of microscopic grains of the plate are in gradient regular change distribution, realizing quantitative regulation and control of the microstructure and the performance of the required parts in isomerous form, and realizing the improvement and the synergistic promotion of the toughness-ductility of the plate;
fourthly, the invention has the outstanding characteristics that the relation between the distance between the rollers and the size and direction change of the wedge-shaped angle of the plate blank can be adjusted, so that the gradient of the formed plate tissue is regulated and controlled to be continuously changed, natural transition is realized, no obvious boundary layer exists, and the comprehensive use performance of the plate is excellent;
fifthly, the geometric shape characteristics of the metal plate blank can be prefabricated as required, a rolled plate with the microstructure of different areas changing in a gradient way and the performance different is obtained, the regionalization, the functionalization and the liberalization of the microstructure and the performance of the plate product are customized as required, and the production requirement of flexible manufacturing is met;
and sixthly, due to the difference of the thicknesses of all parts of the prefabricated plate blank, the stress state and the deformation of the plate in the rolling process are in a gradient change trend. Therefore, the grain size distribution and the change rule are regulated and controlled, and the aeipathia that the strength and the ductility are compromised frequently existing in the process of modifying the metal plate in a deformation mode can be effectively solved;
compared with the prior art, the method can realize the forming and manufacturing of the high-performance plate with the microstructure in gradient distribution only by using a common rolling mill to carry out single-pass loading, and has the characteristics of short process flow, high production efficiency, simple and convenient operation, easy implementation and the like;
the process is suitable for forming and manufacturing the plates made of various metal materials and with different gradient distribution rules of grain sizes, and can be widely applied to the fields of aerospace, rail transit, weaponry, marine ships and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a prefabricated panel according to the present invention and a corresponding schematic view of microstructure (the degree of grain size refinement is gradually increased);
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a precast panel of the present invention and the corresponding microstructure (grain size decreased and increased);
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a precast panel of the present invention and the corresponding microstructure (grain size increased and then decreased);
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a precast slab and a corresponding schematic view of microstructure according to the present invention (the grain size decreases layer by layer, and is divided into regions);
fig. 6 is a metallographic structure diagram corresponding to fig. 2.
Detailed Description
The following describes the design of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are only for purposes of facilitating understanding and are not intended to represent the full spirit of the invention.
The specific implementation method comprises the following steps: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1, 2, and 6. The rolling device comprises a metal plate blank 1, a wedge-shaped plate 2, a push block 3, an upper roller 4 and a lower roller 5. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a metal plate blank 1 with the thickness of h1 and the length and width of l1 multiplied by d1, machining the metal plate blank along the length direction, manufacturing the metal plate blank 1 into a wedge-shaped plate 2 (shown in figure 2) with one end maintaining the original thickness of h1 and downwards and uniformly inclining to the other end at an angle alpha, wherein the thickness of the other end is h2, and ensuring that h1 and h2 have certain thickness difference; II, secondly: degreasing the surface of the metal plate 2 by using an acetone solution, polishing to expose a fresh surface, and then placing the metal plate blank in alcohol for cleaning and drying; thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: preheating the metal plate 2 in a heating furnace with a set temperature, and preserving heat for a period of time; fourthly, the method comprises the following steps: adjusting the distance between the rollers 4 and 5 to a certain reduction (the distance between the rollers is less than or equal to the minimum thickness of the metal plate); so as to ensure the surface flatness and quality of the rolled metal plate 2; fifthly: after the plate is heated, fixing the plate, and conveying the rolled plate into a rolling mill by a push block 3 under the drive of an automatic rolling device; sixthly, the method comprises the following steps: and after rolling, cooling the plate in the air to room temperature, correcting, and removing redundant waste materials on a plate shearing machine. When the plate is rolled, the deformation of each part of the plate is different, the distribution rule of the gradient change of the structure is regulated and controlled through the distance between the rollers and the inclination angle of the geometric shape of the plate, and as can be seen from a metallographic structure diagram in fig. 6, the plate presents the gradient distribution of the rule of the grain size along the forming direction, and the refining degree of the microstructure is uniformly improved.
The specific implementation method II comprises the following steps: the implementation method is described by combining the figures 1 and 3, the gradient structure metal plate is prepared by adopting a non-equal thickness rolling method, the adjustment and control of the microstructure grain size gradient change can be realized by changing the deformation of the plate, the plate with different microstructure gradient changes can be obtained by changing the shape of the prefabricated metal plate blank, the gradient random change is realized, and the requirements of different performances are met. The machining shape of the original plate is adjusted according to different gradient changes of the plate, the metal plate is preprocessed into the shape shown in the figure 3, the front and the back of the plate are symmetrical, the thickness difference is obvious, and the other steps are the same as those of the first embodiment. As can be seen from the schematic diagram of the microstructure of the gradient structure material in fig. 3, the size of the crystal grains is uniformly decreased and then uniformly increased along the forming direction.
The specific implementation method comprises the following steps: the gradient tissue structure plate produced by the method can regulate the gradient change rule by changing the machining shape of the original plate by combining the method for implementing the method with the figures 1 and 4. The metal plate is preprocessed into the shape shown in fig. 4, the front and the back of the plate are symmetrical, the thickness difference is obvious, and the other steps are the same as the first embodiment. As can be seen from the schematic diagram of the microstructure of the gradient structure material in fig. 4, the grain size is uniformly increased and then uniformly decreased along the forming direction.
The specific implementation method four: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 and 5, the areas such as the metal plate blank are divided and prefabricated into step-shaped areas, the thicknesses of the areas are gradually decreased, and the rest steps are the same as those of the first embodiment. As can be seen from the schematic diagram of the microstructure of the gradient structure material in fig. 5, the grains are distributed in layers along the forming direction and gradually reduced in size, so that different parts of the plate have different properties and functions.

Claims (5)

1. A non-uniform thickness rolling method of a metal plate with a structure gradient structure is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps: first, preparing a thickness of h1Length and width of l1×d1The metal plate blank is machined along the length direction, and one end of the manufactured plate blank keeps the original thickness h1And is uniformly inclined downwards to the wedge-shaped plate at the other end at an angle alpha, and the thickness of the other end is h2And guarantee h1、h2A certain thickness difference exists; II, secondly: degreasing the surface of the metal plate 2 by using an acetone solution, polishing to expose a fresh surface, and then placing the metal plate blank in alcohol for cleaning and drying; thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: preheating a metal plate in a heating furnace with a set temperature, and preserving heat for a period of time; fourthly, the method comprises the following steps: adjusting the roller spacing to a certain reduction (the roller spacing is less than or equal to the minimum thickness of the metal plate) to ensure the surface flatness and quality of the rolled metal plate; fifthly: after the plate is heated, fixing the plate, and conveying the rolled plate into a rolling mill by a push block under the drive of an automatic rolling device; sixthly, the method comprises the following steps: and after rolling, cooling the plate to room temperature in air, correcting, and removing redundant waste materials on a plate shearing machine.
2. The method for preparing a non-equal thickness rolled gradient structure metal plate according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the metal plate with different grain structure gradient changes can be prepared by changing the size of the wedge angle alpha of the plate blank, the microstructure and the performance of the required part can be quantitatively regulated and controlled by isomerous structure, and the improvement and the synergistic promotion of the toughness-ductility of the plate are realized.
3. The method for preparing a non-equal thickness rolled gradient structure metal plate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: by changing the size and the direction of the thickness difference of the prefabricated metal plate blank, the plate with the geometrical shape characteristic of monotonous increase and decrease or the change from the middle part to the two sides in an increasing and decreasing trend is prepared.
4. The method for preparing a non-equal thickness rolled gradient structure metal plate according to the claims 1, 2 and 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the geometric shape characteristics of the prefabricated metal plate blank (such as step-shaped, gradually reduced thickness) are changed, the rolled plate with the different areas and the microstructures in the different areas changing in a gradient way and the performance difference is obtained, and the plate is customized according to the requirements in terms of regionalization, functionalization and freezation equivalent.
5. The method for preparing a non-equal thickness rolled gradient structure metal plate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: various metal plates can be rolled, and the preheating temperature and the heat preservation time can be changed according to different metals.
CN202210127279.4A 2022-02-11 2022-02-11 Non-uniform-thickness rolling method for metal plate with structure gradient structure Pending CN114453415A (en)

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Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002129277A (en) * 2000-10-20 2002-05-09 Kawasaki Steel Corp Plate to be rolled and rolling method for structure- fining rolling
CN109108227A (en) * 2018-10-04 2019-01-01 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 A kind of high-throughput preparation method of LaFeSi base magnetic refrigerating material
CN109848213A (en) * 2018-12-06 2019-06-07 南京理工大学 The method that nonuniform section rolling prepares multiple grain scale magnesium alloy plate
CN111346939A (en) * 2018-12-23 2020-06-30 南京理工大学 Method for preparing multi-grain-size heterogeneous aluminum alloy plate by composite rolling
CN111389910A (en) * 2020-03-23 2020-07-10 南京理工大学 System and method for preparing mixed crystal heterogeneous material based on cam rolling
CN113500206A (en) * 2021-05-24 2021-10-15 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 High-flux optimization method for nano ceramic phase in ceramic reinforced alloy
CN113941602A (en) * 2021-09-29 2022-01-18 西安交通大学 Gradient-structure metal material with adjustable gradient rate and preparation method thereof
CN113953315A (en) * 2021-09-29 2022-01-21 西安交通大学 Layered multilevel heterostructure metal material with adjustable period and preparation method thereof
CN113969362A (en) * 2021-10-27 2022-01-25 东北大学 Continuous gradient aluminum alloy deformation material and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002129277A (en) * 2000-10-20 2002-05-09 Kawasaki Steel Corp Plate to be rolled and rolling method for structure- fining rolling
CN109108227A (en) * 2018-10-04 2019-01-01 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 A kind of high-throughput preparation method of LaFeSi base magnetic refrigerating material
CN109848213A (en) * 2018-12-06 2019-06-07 南京理工大学 The method that nonuniform section rolling prepares multiple grain scale magnesium alloy plate
CN111346939A (en) * 2018-12-23 2020-06-30 南京理工大学 Method for preparing multi-grain-size heterogeneous aluminum alloy plate by composite rolling
CN111389910A (en) * 2020-03-23 2020-07-10 南京理工大学 System and method for preparing mixed crystal heterogeneous material based on cam rolling
CN113500206A (en) * 2021-05-24 2021-10-15 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 High-flux optimization method for nano ceramic phase in ceramic reinforced alloy
CN113941602A (en) * 2021-09-29 2022-01-18 西安交通大学 Gradient-structure metal material with adjustable gradient rate and preparation method thereof
CN113953315A (en) * 2021-09-29 2022-01-21 西安交通大学 Layered multilevel heterostructure metal material with adjustable period and preparation method thereof
CN113969362A (en) * 2021-10-27 2022-01-25 东北大学 Continuous gradient aluminum alloy deformation material and preparation method thereof

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