CN114450516A - 罐系统 - Google Patents

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Publication number
CN114450516A
CN114450516A CN202080068437.2A CN202080068437A CN114450516A CN 114450516 A CN114450516 A CN 114450516A CN 202080068437 A CN202080068437 A CN 202080068437A CN 114450516 A CN114450516 A CN 114450516A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
valve
shut
safety valve
tank system
controller
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202080068437.2A
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English (en)
Inventor
H·克默尔
F·穆埃勒德尔
F·耶格
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of CN114450516A publication Critical patent/CN114450516A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/04Arrangement or mounting of valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/026Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/12Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/12Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
    • F17C13/123Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures for gas bottles, cylinders or reservoirs for tank vehicles or for railway tank wagons
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H01M8/04208Cartridges, cryogenic media or cryogenic reservoirs
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01Shape
    • F17C2201/0104Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01Shape
    • F17C2201/0138Shape tubular
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03Orientation
    • F17C2201/035Orientation with substantially horizontal main axis
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05Size
    • F17C2201/056Small (<1 m3)
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05Size
    • F17C2201/058Size portable (<30 l)
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636Metals
    • F17C2203/0639Steels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0142Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels bundled in parallel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0146Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels with details of the manifold
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323Valves
    • F17C2205/0326Valves electrically actuated
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323Valves
    • F17C2205/0332Safety valves or pressure relief valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0338Pressure regulators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0388Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters
    • F17C2205/0394Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters in direct contact with the pressure vessel
    • F17C2205/0397Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters in direct contact with the pressure vessel on both sides of the pressure vessel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012Hydrogen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/036Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03Control means
    • F17C2250/032Control means using computers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03Control means
    • F17C2250/034Control means using wireless transmissions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0439Temperature
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605Parameters
    • F17C2250/0626Pressure
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    • F17C2250/06Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
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    • F17C2250/0636Flow or movement of content
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    • F17C2260/00Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/042Reducing risk of explosion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/066Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
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    • F17C2270/00Applications
    • F17C2270/01Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00Applications
    • F17C2270/01Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0184Fuel cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32Hydrogen storage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于将燃料存储并提供给消耗器的罐系统(10),其包括:多个罐瓶(11),所述罐瓶分别具有截止阀(12),用于封闭或打开相应的罐瓶(11);至少一个安全阀(14),用于在紧急情况下从所述多个罐瓶(11)中的至少一个中受控地排出燃料;用于监控所述多个罐瓶(11)的传感器网络(20);用于操控所述截止阀(12)的主控制器(31);以及用于操控所述至少一个安全阀(14)和/或所述截止阀(12)的副控制器(32),其中,所述副控制器(31)实施为用于操控所述传感器网络(20)。

Description

罐系统
背景技术
用于氢车辆、尤其是燃料电池车辆的已知罐系统通常具有单个的、柱形的氢罐(或简单地称为罐),其带有附加部件,例如截止阀、连接在下游的压力调节器和安全阀。通常,氢罐由碳纤维复合材料制成。这产生了关于安全阀的特殊要求,该安全阀必须对强烈的温度升高(例如由于火灾)作出反应并且受控地将氢罐的内容物排出到周围环境中。在已知的由碳纤维复合材料制成的氢罐中,上述过程必须设计成是不可逆的,因为必须假设碳纤维复合罐的基质在相应的温度下已经改变,并且因此在重新投入运行时不再能保证罐的完整结构。不可逆触发迫使要寻找车间,在那里必须进行检查并且必要时进行罐的更换。在这种氢罐中,安全阀为了满足这些要求典型地实现为熔断器。
在其他罐系统中,代替单个罐使用多个具有较小直径的细长罐瓶。这种布置允许更好的空间利用以及更高的结构空间灵活性。由于较小的直径,对于这些瓶可以考虑由钢制成的结构类型,所述结构类型可以附加地带来明显的成本优点。由于由钢制成的结构方式,不会由于所探测的温度范围造成损坏,从而可以取消对安全阀的不可逆触发的要求。然而,在多个罐瓶的情况下,每个罐(在此为瓶)需要一个阀。
发明内容
根据第一方面,本发明提供了一种具有独立装置权利要求特征的用于将燃料存储并提供给消耗器、尤其是燃料电池系统的罐系统。此外,根据第二方面,本发明提供一种相应的车辆、尤其是燃料电池车辆,其具有并列独立装置权利要求的特征,以及根据第三方面,提供一种用于燃料电池系统的相应的罐系统的应用,其可以在移动和/或固定系统中使用,具有独立应用权利要求的特征。本发明的其它优点、特征和细节由从属权利要求、说明书和附图得出。在此,结合根据本发明的罐系统描述的特征和细节当然也适用于结合根据本发明的车辆和/或根据本发明的燃料电池,并且相应地反之亦然,从而关于本发明各个方面的公开内容始终相互参照或者可以相互参照。
本发明提供一种用于将燃料存储并提供给消耗器、尤其是燃料电池系统的罐系统,其包括:多个罐瓶,所述罐瓶分别具有截止阀,用于封闭或打开相应的罐瓶;至少一个安全阀,用于在紧急情况下从多个罐瓶中的至少一个罐瓶受控地排出燃料;用于监控多个罐瓶的传感器网络;用于操控截止阀的主控制器以及用于操控至少一个安全阀和/或截止阀的副控制器,其中,副控制器实施为用于操控传感器网络。
根据本发明的燃料电池系统可以构造为燃料电池堆栈、所谓的燃料电池堆的形式,其具有多个堆叠的燃料电池、优选PEM燃料电池。
在此,本发明的构思在于,在根据本发明的罐系统的范围内,至少一个安全阀和传感器网络在功能上关联。有利地,在根据本发明的罐系统内的温度可以以分布在整个罐组件上的方式被监控。于是,在至少一个测量点处的超过可以用于激活与至少一个安全阀协作地被操控的至少一个截止阀、多个或所有截止阀。为此,主控制器和副控制器可以处于通信连接中,该通信连接可以有线地、例如通过总线或无线地、例如通过无线电实现。
换句话说,本发明的思想在于,一方面温度信息和安全阀的触发的功能关联通过相应的电路和/或软件在专门构造的控制器上实现。另一方面,在罐系统中本来就在每个罐瓶上存在的截止阀的执行机构被用于排出燃料、例如氢气。
本发明由于使用已经存在的硬件带来了成本降低的大的潜力。另一方面,本发明满足了高的安全标准,因为在罐系统中设置有由截止阀和至少一个安全阀构成的相应冗余。此外,根据本发明的罐系统总体上比具有不可逆的安全阀的类似罐系统明显更简单且更成本低廉地实现。根据再另一优点,通过根据本发明的副控制器及其软件集成了现代的附加功能,例如在触发或即将触发至少一个安全阀的情况下通过电子呼叫对救援人员进行警报,和/或添加另外的车辆数据,以便对安全关键的状况的存在进行可信性检验,进而使至少一个安全阀的错误触发的可能性最小化。
此外,本发明可以在罐系统中设置,所述至少一个安全阀包括仅一个安全阀,该安全阀布置在截止阀的共同的流体出口处。以这种方式可以简单且成本低廉地构型罐系统的基础结构或设计方案。
此外,本发明可以在罐系统中设置,设置有用于截止阀的压力调节器,该压力调节器在流体上连接在消耗器上游,以便以合适的压力将燃料提供给消耗器,其中,所述至少一个安全阀布置在截止阀的在压力调节器之前的共同的流体出口处或者布置在截止阀的在压力调节器之后的共同的流体出口处。在压力调节器之前的区域中,在紧急情况下可以实现燃料的尽可能无延迟的排出。在压力调节器之后的区域中,可以充分利用通过压力调节器的压力降低,以便将燃料尽可能稀释地排出到周围环境。
此外,本发明可以在罐系统中设置,所述至少一个安全阀包括仅一个安全阀,该安全阀布置在罐瓶的独立的、共同的流体端部上,该端部背离截止阀。以这种方式,在紧急情况下仅需操控所述至少一个安全阀,以便将燃料排出到周围环境。
此外,本发明可以在罐系统中设置,所述至少一个安全阀分别包括用于多个罐瓶中的每一个罐瓶的安全阀,该安全阀分别布置在相应罐瓶的流体端部上,该端部背离截止阀。因此,能够实现选择性地操纵安全阀,以便在必要时仅排空受到紧急情况、例如强烈的温度升高影响的罐瓶。
此外,本发明可以在罐系统中设置,设置有用于主控制器和副控制器的共同的电池、例如车辆电池。因此,副控制器可以与主控制器一起被供给能量。
此外,本发明可以在罐系统中设置,设置有用于副控制器的独立的备用电池。以这种方式能够确保,即使在车辆中的所有其他系统可能没有能量时,也能够可靠地操控所述至少一个安全阀。
此外,本发明可以在罐系统中设置,主控制器和副控制器实施为用于操控传感器网络。以这种方式可以提供用于传感器网络的一定程度上的备用,以便能够可靠地感测罐系统内的紧急情况。
此外,本发明可以在罐系统中设置,传感器网络具有至少两个(至少在相应的罐瓶的端部上)或多个用于多个罐瓶中的每一个罐瓶的传感器,所述传感器分布地布置在相应的罐瓶上。以这种方式可以精确地、没有时间延迟地或者甚至提前地感测紧急情况。
此外,本发明可以在罐系统中设置,传感器网络具有可单次或多次使用的温度传感器。可单次使用的温度传感器、例如可熔的网可以被相对敏感地调设。可多次使用的温度传感器可以提供可多次使用的、成本低廉的传感器网络。
此外,本发明还提供一种具有罐系统的车辆,所述罐系统可以如上所述地实施。借助于根据本发明的车辆实现了与上面结合根据本发明的罐系统所描述的相同优点。在此完全参考这些优点。
在本发明意义上的车辆中可以考虑,主控制器和/或副控制器实施为用于在探测到紧急情况时通过传感器网络发出电子呼叫信号,和/或主控制器和/或副控制器实施为用于考虑车辆内部和/或车辆外部的数据来验证紧急情况。以这种方式可以扩展根据本发明的车辆的功能。
此外,本发明提供了一种可以如上所述实施的罐系统的应用,用于将燃料存储并提供给燃料电池系统。
附图说明
下面借助附图详细阐述本发明及其改进方案以及其优点。附图分别示意性地示出:
图1已知的罐系统的示例性结构,
图2本发明的意义上的罐系统的示例性结构,其中,一个安全阀位于与截止阀的共同的出口处,
图3本发明的意义上的罐系统的示例性结构,其中,一个安全阀位于与截止阀的在压力调节器的通路之后的共同的出口处,
图4本发明的意义上的罐系统的示例性结构,其中,一个安全阀位于罐瓶的与截止阀不同的端部上,
图5本发明的意义上的罐系统的示例性结构,其中,多个安全阀位于罐瓶的与截止阀不同的端部上,
图6本发明的意义上的具有用于副控制器的备用电池的罐系统的变型方案,和
图7本发明的意义上的具有备用电池的罐系统的另一种变型方案和传感器网络到主控制器和副控制器的备用布线。
在不同的附图中,本发明的相同部件总是具有相同的附图标记,因此这些部件通常仅描述一次。
具体实施方式
图1示出了例如用于氢车辆的已知的罐系统10*,其具有单个的、柱形的氢罐11*、截止阀12*、连接在截止阀12*下游的压力调节器40*和安全阀14*。已知的氢罐11*例如可以由碳纤维复合材料制成。在强烈的温度升高(例如由于火灾)的情况下,安全阀14*熔化并且氢罐11*的内容物受控地排出到周围环境。该过程是不可逆的。此外,通过强烈的温度升高改变碳纤维复合罐的基质,这必须引起罐的更换。
在图2中示出了在根据本发明的罐系统10的范围内存储容积例如以五个罐瓶11划分为多个子容积。这些罐瓶11中的每一个根据法律规定设有自身的、可电激活的截止阀12,所述截止阀相应地通过主控制器31激活。根据本发明,至少一个主动的或者可操控的(即不是被动的、例如可熔化的)安全阀14位于罐瓶11的对置的端部E2上。根据图2为所有罐瓶11设置仅一个共同的安全阀14a。截止阀12在其共同的出口A1处通向压力调节器40。在此,在紧急情况下,通过共同地激活截止阀12和安全阀14可以引起燃料排出到周围环境。在图3至图5中示出了在根据本发明的罐系统10的范围内用于布置至少一个安全阀14或多个安全阀14的其它变型方案。
根据图2至7的罐系统10的每个变型方案的共同点是,设置有传感器网络20,以便优选针对不期望的温度升高来监控罐瓶11。如图2至7在此所示,在每个罐瓶11上设置有至少两个传感器21、优选温度传感器。在此,温度传感器可以构型成可多次使用。此外,可以考虑,多个温度传感器可以分布在罐瓶11上。此外,在本发明的范围内可以考虑可简单使用的传感器21、例如熔化传感器,其可以至少部分地包围罐瓶11。
图3示出了本发明的一种变型方案,其中,至少一个安全阀14(在这里仅一个安全阀14a)放置在压力调节器40后方。这种变型方案提供的优点是,较小的压力必须被接通。同样可能的是,功能集成有典型地存在于该部位处的限压阀。通过经过压力调节器40可以调设出受限的紧急排出质量流。
图4示出了本发明的一种变型方案,其中,不是现有的截止阀12被用于紧急排出,而是使用了自身的管线复合体,该管线复合体将罐瓶11的对置的端部E2相互连接。至少一个呈中央安全阀14a形式的安全阀14相对于周围环境封闭该管线复合体,并且能够利用仅一个中央安全阀14a实现紧急排出。
图5示出根据图4的罐系统10的一种改型方案,其中,在每个罐瓶11上具有单独的安全阀14b。
所述至少一个安全阀14的激活和/或操控根据逻辑装置进行,该逻辑装置通过副控制器32中的电信号和/或数据信号实现。为此,来自传感器网络20的温度信息通过分布在整个罐系统10上的合适测量位置上的合适的温度传感器(例如热电偶)汇集在副控制器32中。因此,原则上必须分离出主控制器31和副控制器32(或在同一控制器壳体中分离出分离的区域或集成到已经存在的控制器如VCU中),因为在本发明的意义上安全功能即使在主控制器31在停止的车辆中未通电(通过连接器15分离)时也必须可用。此外,分离出主控制器31和副控制器32使得能够通过主控制器31为传感器网络20提供附加的系统冗余,例如备用电池52(参见图6以及图7)或备用装置。
来自传感器网络20的温度信息在主控制器31和/或副控制器32中根据在那里以电路或计算机程序形式存储的逻辑装置被转换为产生用于至少一个安全阀14和/或截止阀12的一个相应的执行器信号或多个相应的执行器信号。这种逻辑装置的示例是,如果至少一个所测量的温度超过指示火灾的预定触发阈值,则激活所有的阀12、14。因为可以给副控制器32提供另外的车辆特定的数据,所以可以进一步补充该逻辑装置,以便进一步可信性检验对安全关键的状况的识别,例如利用来自加速度传感器、安全气囊触发装置、座椅占用传感器、环境传感器、位置确定装置等的信息。
副控制器32可以与(唯一的)主电池51连接。在此可以考虑,如果电池中剩余的能量不再足以激活阀,则(例如在非常长的停车时间的情况下)不再能够实现紧急排出。为了最小化这种情况的发生,可以通过电子呼叫或其他数据连接实时地向车辆操作者或其他位置(例如电子呼叫中心、消防队、道路故障救援服务等)发出警告消息。
根据本发明,至少或仅仅通过副控制器32产生执行器信号并且能够实现对截止阀12或安全阀14的控制。至少或仅仅由副控制器32接收和处理温度信息。此外,在主控制器31中可以设置冗余。为此,下面以图2中的罐系统10的变型方案的示例来描述实施方案,然而这些实施方案也可以与图3至5的所有其它至此示出的变型方案相组合。
图6示出了本发明的一种变型方案,在该变型方案中在罐系统20的范围内实现了与图2中相同的基本功能。附加地,主电池51通过副电池、所谓的备用电池52来补充。由此避免了出现由于电池电压过低而不再能实现紧急排出的情况。为此,可以将副电池针对长的电量维持优化并且与所有非安全关键的耗电器隔绝。
图7示出了本发明的一种变型方案,其中,在罐系统20中提供了附加的冗余。为此,尤其是在主控制器31中附加地复制副控制器32的所有功能。在此,两个控制器31、32既可以接收和评估传感器21的温度信息,也可以产生用于激活阀12、14的执行器信号。由此,两个控制器31、32中的一个控制器的硬件失效可以被完全补偿。该冗余可以相应地与在图6中描述的在能量供给上的冗余相组合。也可以考虑在能量供给侧和控制器侧(未示出)处的不同冗余的组合以及在功能(温度测量、计算机、功率输出级、…)处的进一步划分以及在这些子功能内具有不同冗余的组合。
附图的上述描述仅仅在示例的范围内描述了本发明。当然,只要在技术上是有意义的,实施方式的各个特征可以自由地相互组合,而不脱离本发明的范围。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于将燃料存储并提供给消耗器的罐系统(10),其包括:
多个罐瓶(11),所述罐瓶分别具有截止阀(12),用于封闭或打开相应的罐瓶(11);
至少一个安全阀(14),用于在紧急情况下从所述多个罐瓶(11)中的至少一个罐瓶中受控地排出燃料;
用于监控所述多个罐瓶(11)的传感器网络(20);
用于操控所述截止阀(12)的主控制器(31);以及
用于操控所述至少一个安全阀(14)和/或所述截止阀(12)的副控制器(32),
其中,所述副控制器(31)实施为用于操控所述传感器网络(20)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的罐系统(10),
其特征在于,
所述至少一个安全阀(14)包括仅一个安全阀(14a),该安全阀布置在所述截止阀(12)的共同的流体出口(A1、A2)处。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的罐系统(10),
其特征在于,
设置有用于所述截止阀(12)的压力调节器(40),所述压力调节器在流体上连接在所述消耗器上游,以便以合适的压力将燃料提供给所述消耗器,
其中,所述至少一个安全阀(14)布置在所述截止阀(12)的在所述压力调节器(40)之前的共同的流体出口(A1)处或者布置在所述截止阀(12)的在所述压力调节器(40)之后的共同的流体出口(A2)处。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的罐系统(10),
其特征在于,
所述至少一个安全阀(14)包括仅一个安全阀(14a),该安全阀布置在所述罐瓶(11)的独立的、共同的流体端部(E2)处,该端部(E2)背离所述截止阀(12)。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的罐系统(10),
其特征在于,
所述至少一个安全阀(14)分别包括用于所述多个罐瓶(11)中的每一个罐瓶的安全阀(14b),该安全阀分别布置在相应的罐瓶(11)的流体端部(E2)处,该端部(E2)背离所述截止阀(12)。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的罐系统(10),
其特征在于,
设置有用于所述主控制器(31)和所述副控制器(32)的共同的电池(51)。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的罐系统(10),
其特征在于,
设置有用于所述副控制器(32)的独立的备用电池(52)。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的罐系统(10),
其特征在于,
所述主控制器(31)和所述副控制器(32)实施为用于操控所述传感器网络(20)。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的罐系统(10),
其特征在于,
所述传感器网络(20)具有至少两个或更多个用于所述多个罐瓶(11)中的每一个罐瓶的传感器(21),所述传感器分布地布置在相应的罐瓶(11)上,和/或
所述传感器网络(20)具有能单次使用或多次使用的温度传感器。
10.一种具有根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的罐系统(10)的车辆。
11.根据权利要求10所述的车辆,
其特征在于,
主控制器(31)和/或副控制器(32)实施为用于在探测到紧急情况时通过传感器网络(20)发出电子呼叫信号,和/或
所述主控制器(31)和/或所述副控制器(32)实施为用于考虑车辆内部和/或车辆外部的数据来验证所述紧急情况。
12.一种根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的罐系统(10)用于将燃料存储并提供给燃料电池系统的应用。
CN202080068437.2A 2019-07-31 2020-06-10 罐系统 Pending CN114450516A (zh)

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