CN114447978A - Active support control strategy for centralized photovoltaic inverter - Google Patents

Active support control strategy for centralized photovoltaic inverter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114447978A
CN114447978A CN202111628770.7A CN202111628770A CN114447978A CN 114447978 A CN114447978 A CN 114447978A CN 202111628770 A CN202111628770 A CN 202111628770A CN 114447978 A CN114447978 A CN 114447978A
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voltage
power
photovoltaic
active support
control
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楚天丰
王顺江
李伟
东方
朱天翼
张武洋
蔡玉朋
卢盛阳
史松杰
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Co Ltd
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Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
    • G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H02J2300/26—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a centralized photovoltaic inverter active support control strategy, which comprises the following steps: performing maximum power tracking control on the photovoltaic group, wherein the traditional MPPT control method and the particle swarm algorithm control methods can be adopted, and the obtained power value is used as a power reference value for controlling the photovoltaic inverter; transient electromotive force is obtained through controlling power and voltage; and obtaining a voltage outer loop current inner loop reference value through the virtual winding, and finally obtaining the duty ratio control photovoltaic inverter. The photovoltaic inverter adopts a mode of simulating a three-order model of the synchronous generator, an excitation loop equation and a transient electromotive force change equation are added on the basis of a second-order rotor motion equation, inertia and damping are provided for the system, and meanwhile, the characteristics of a source end can be considered, so that the control strategy can meet the maximum photovoltaic consumption and improve the stability of the system.

Description

Active support control strategy for centralized photovoltaic inverter
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic grid-connected control, and particularly relates to a centralized photovoltaic inverter active support control strategy.
Background
At present, the environmental pollution is aggravated by the heavy use of fossil energy such as coal and petroleum, a novel power system with high proportion of renewable energy and high proportion of power electronic equipment is provided for the purpose, so that the new energy is vigorously developed, and a renewable energy grid-connected power generation system represented by photovoltaic power generation is connected to a power grid in a high proportion, so that the novel power system becomes the basic characteristic of the novel power system. However, with the high-proportion access of photovoltaic energy, although the problem of massive use of fossil energy is solved, a series of problems are brought about. The access proportion of the traditional unit is reduced, so that the inertia and the damping of a power grid are reduced, the system lacks rigid inertia, and the safe operation of the power system is adversely affected. Although the traditional virtual synchronous generator control method solves the problem of insufficient system inertia damping, a second-order model of the synchronous generator is simulated, a virtual prime mover of a control mode adopts a direct current source with constant voltage and infinite capacity, and the control mode is not directly connected with a source end, so that the application of the virtual prime mover is limited. Therefore, the active support control strategy of the centralized photovoltaic inverter not only simulates the three-order equation of the synchronous generator, better provides inertia and damping characteristics for the system, increases the stability of the system, but also considers the influence of the dynamic characteristics of the source end and tightly combines the characteristics of the source end with the control strategy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a centralized photovoltaic inverter active support control strategy, and solves the problems of insufficient system inertia and untight connection between a control strategy and a source end in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that a centralized photovoltaic inverter active support control strategy is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, maximum power tracking control is adopted for a photovoltaic group to obtain maximum power P capable of being output by photovoltaicmppAs a reference value for the inverter control power loop;
step 2, adopting an active support control mode for the photovoltaic inverter and combining a power reference value P of a source endmppPerforming active power and voltage control to obtain q-axis transient electromotive force;
step 3, obtaining the maximum power E which can be output by the photovoltaic through a virtual impedance linkdref、EqrefA 1 is mixing Edref、EqrefAnd as a reference value of the voltage and current double-loop control link, the photovoltaic inverter is controlled by the reference value of the voltage and current control link.
The invention is also characterized in that:
the specific process of the step 2 is as follows:
step 2.1, an active power control loop is made according to a second-order rotor motion equation of the synchronous generator to obtain a self-controlled rotation angle theta, and the expression of active power control is as follows:
Figure BDA0003439555260000021
in formula (2): pmIs mechanical power, PeThe electromagnetic power is H, the virtual inertia is D, the damping coefficient is theta, the power angle of the generator is theta, the deviation between the rated rotating speed and the actual rotating speed is delta omega0At a nominal angular frequency
Figure BDA0003439555260000022
Is the rate of change of the angular frequency,
Figure BDA0003439555260000023
the rate of change of the power angle;
in the formula (2), mechanical power PmAnd electromagnetic power PeThe expression of (a) is:
Figure BDA0003439555260000024
in formula (3): u shaped、UqFor grid-connected point bus voltage UbD-axis component and q-axis component of (I)d、IqFor connecting the current I on the inverterlD-axis component and q-axis component of (1), PmppThe maximum power of the photovoltaic group;
step 2.2, the active support control strategy simulates an automatic adjusting excitation device of the generator to control the outlet voltage U of the invertera(ii) a According to the automatic adjustment excitation device of the synchronous generator and the change process of the transient electromotive force, the stability of grid-connected voltage is controlled, and the model is as follows:
Figure BDA0003439555260000031
in formula (4): eq' is q-axis transient electromotive force, EqIs no-load electromotive force, EqeIs forced no-load electromotive force, X'dIs a direct axis transient reactance, XdIs a direct-axis synchronous reactance, E'qeFor exciting electromotive force, DeltaU, output from the automatic voltage regulatoraAs a deviation value of the inverter terminal voltage, KAFor automatic adjustment of gain of exciter, TeFor automatic adjustment of the time constant, T, of the exciterd'0Is the time constant of the excitation winding of the virtual synchronous generator;
calculating q-axis transient electromotive force E according to formula (4)q′。
When the photovoltaic inverter is controlled in an active supporting mode, the voltage equation of the power transmission line of the active supporting type photovoltaic inverter grid-connected system is as follows:
Ua＝jXlIl+Ub (1)
in the formula (1), XlIs line reactance, IlFor transmission line current, UbTo be connected to the gridPoint bus voltage, UaIs the inverter terminal voltage.
Step 3, obtaining the maximum power E which can be output by the photovoltaic through a virtual impedance linkdref、EqrefThe specific process is as follows: controlling q-axis transient electromotive force Eq' obtaining the maximum power E which can be output by the photovoltaic through a virtual impedance linkdref、Eqref：
Figure BDA0003439555260000032
In formula (5): edAnd the' is 0, controlling q-axis transient electromotive force components, wherein r is virtual stator resistance, and x is virtual stator reactance.
Step 3, voltage and current double-loop control link specifically includes: voltage outer loop control and current inner loop control.
The specific process of controlling the photovoltaic inverter through the reference value of the voltage and current control link is as follows:
in voltage outer ring control, the deviation value of a voltage reference value and the actual voltage of an active support type VSC port obtains a current reference value of a current inner ring through a PI link, and the expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0003439555260000041
in formula (6): v. ofd、vqOutputting d and q axis components of voltage for the VSC in an active support mode; i.e. idref、iqrefThe reference value is an active support type VSC current inner ring reference value; ω Cvd、ωCvqIs the voltage decoupling quantity; k is a radical ofv、kiProportional and integral coefficients of PI links;
in the current inner loop control, the deviation amount of a reference value given by current and the actual output current value of an active support type VSC port passes through a current inner loop controller, the influence of filter inductance current is considered, and a modulation ratio signal of the active support type photovoltaic inverter is obtained, and the expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0003439555260000042
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the active support control strategy of the centralized photovoltaic inverter, the photovoltaic inverter adopts a mode of simulating a three-order model of a synchronous generator, an excitation loop equation and a transient electromotive force change equation are added on the basis of a second-order rotor motion equation, inertia and damping are provided for a system, and meanwhile, the characteristics of a source end can be considered, so that the control strategy can meet the maximum photovoltaic consumption and improve the stability of the system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall block diagram of the centralized photovoltaic inverter active support control strategy of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of the maximum power tracking control of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a photovoltaic power plant dual system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the photovoltaic integrated rotor equations of motion of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of excitation equations in the active support control strategy of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing inverter terminal voltages for a photovoltaic two-machine system in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing frequency responses of different notification strategies for two photovoltaic systems according to the present invention;
fig. 8 is a waveform diagram of source side condition change output power in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention discloses a centralized photovoltaic inverter active support control strategy, which has an overall block diagram shown in fig. 1, is implemented based on a three-order model of a synchronous generator and combined with the dynamic characteristics of a photovoltaic source end according to the following steps:
step 1, MPPT control mode of the photovoltaic group can adopt a constant voltage method, a conductance incremental method and an interference observation method, maximum power tracking control is carried out on the photovoltaic group by the traditional conductance incremental method, and the maximum power can be known through a P-V curve of the photovoltaic groupPmppThe slope of (a) is zero
Figure BDA0003439555260000051
And P is UI, and two sides can derive U at the same time
Figure BDA0003439555260000052
Firstly, measuring the voltage and current output by the photovoltaic group at each moment, and judging whether dU and dI are zero or not; if not, determining
Figure BDA0003439555260000053
If it is zero, step-by-step searching P by adding or subtractingmppAnd meanwhile, outputting the value of the maximum power as a reference for the active support control, wherein the specific implementation process is shown in fig. 2.
Step 2, the active support type photovoltaic inverter grid-connected system is shown in fig. 3, and the voltage equation of the system power transmission line is as follows:
Ua＝jXlIl+Ub (1)
in the formula (1), XlIs line reactance, IlFor transmission line current, UbFor grid-connected point bus voltage, UaIs the inverter terminal voltage;
step 2.1, a control block diagram is shown in fig. 4, an active power control loop is made according to a second-order rotor motion equation of the synchronous generator to obtain a self-controlled rotation angle theta, and the expression of active power control is as follows:
Figure BDA0003439555260000061
in formula (2): pmIs mechanical power, PeThe electromagnetic power is H, the virtual inertia is D, the damping coefficient is theta, the power angle of the generator is theta, the deviation between the rated rotating speed and the actual rotating speed is delta omega0At a nominal angular frequency
Figure BDA0003439555260000062
Is the rate of change of the angular frequency,
Figure BDA0003439555260000063
the rate of change of the power angle;
in the formula (2), mechanical power PmAnd electromagnetic power PeThe expression of (a) is:
Figure BDA0003439555260000064
in formula (3): u shaped、UqFor grid-connected point bus voltage UbD-axis component and q-axis component of (I)d、IqFor connecting the current I on the inverterlD-axis component and q-axis component of (1), PmppThe maximum power of the photovoltaic group.
Step 2.2, the active support control strategy simulates an automatic adjusting excitation device of the generator to control the outlet voltage U of the invertera；
As shown in fig. 5, the control block diagram controls the stabilization of the grid-connected voltage according to the automatic adjustment excitation device of the synchronous generator and the change process of the transient electromotive force, and the model thereof is as follows:
Figure BDA0003439555260000065
in formula (4): eqIs a transient electromotive force, EqIs no-load electromotive force, EqeIs forced no-load electromotive force, X'dIs a direct axis transient reactance, XdIs a direct-axis synchronous reactance, E'qeFor exciting electromotive force, DeltaU, output from the automatic voltage regulatoraAs a deviation value of the inverter terminal voltage, KAFor automatic adjustment of gain of exciter, TeFor automatic adjustment of the time constant, T, of the exciterd'0Is the time constant of the excitation winding of the virtual synchronous generator.
Step 3, obtaining a voltage outer ring reference value through the q-axis transient component obtained in the step 2 through a virtual impedance link;
to prevent current from exceeding the limit, q-axis reference value is controlled and obtained through a virtual impedance linkEdref、Eqref：
Figure BDA0003439555260000071
In formula (5): ed' is 0, controlling q-axis component, r is virtual stator resistance, x is virtual stator reactance;
Edref、Eqrefobtaining a duty ratio control inverter through voltage and current double-loop control;
in the voltage outer ring, the deviation value of the voltage reference value and the actual voltage of the active support type VSC port obtains the current reference value of the current inner ring through a PI link, and the expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0003439555260000072
in formula (6): v. ofd、vqOutputting d and q axis components of voltage for the VSC in an active support mode; i.e. idref、iqrefThe reference value is an active support type VSC current inner ring reference value; ω Cvd、ωCvqIs the voltage decoupling quantity; k is a radical ofv、kiAnd the proportional and integral coefficients of the PI link.
In the current inner ring, the deviation amount of a reference value given by the current and the actual output current value of the active support type VSC port passes through the current inner ring controller, and the influence of the filter inductance current is considered, so that a modulation ratio signal of the active support type photovoltaic inverter is obtained, and the expression of the modulation ratio signal is as follows:
Figure BDA0003439555260000073
examples
The photovoltaic output power reference value and the grid-connected point voltage reference value of the three control strategies are controlled to be the same, the actual frequency and voltage of the grid-connected point of the inverter of the different control strategies are collected, a comparison graph of the voltage of the inverter of the photovoltaic two-machine system is obtained when reactive power suddenly increases and shown in figure 6, a comparison graph of the frequency response of the different control strategies of the photovoltaic two-machine system when the active power suddenly increases is shown in figure 7, and a waveform graph of the output power when the source end condition changes is shown in figure 8.
As shown in fig. 6, for the change situation of the outlet voltage of the photovoltaic inverter when the reactive load suddenly increases in the power grid, it can be clearly seen that the active support control strategy has a shallower voltage drop depth at the moment of disturbance and a faster recovery speed than the conventional second-order virtual synchronous generator control strategy and the PQ control strategy.
As shown in fig. 7, for the change situation of the outlet frequency of the photovoltaic inverter when the active load suddenly increases in the power grid, it can be clearly seen that the frequency support effect at the moment of disturbance is better in the active support control strategy of the present invention compared with the conventional second-order virtual synchronous generator control strategy and PQ control strategy.
As shown in fig. 8, when the illumination intensity of the source end increases, the maximum power increases, and at this time, the reference value of the control strategy also changes, and the control strategy is dynamically and tightly linked with the source end, and the control strategy has a higher speed of achieving stability and a higher disturbance tolerance.
In summary, according to the active support control strategy of the centralized photovoltaic inverter, the photovoltaic inverter adopts a mode of simulating a three-order model of the synchronous generator, and an excitation loop equation and a transient electromotive force change equation are added on the basis of a second-order rotor motion equation, so that inertia and damping are provided for the system, and meanwhile, the characteristics of a source end can be considered, so that the control strategy can meet the maximum photovoltaic consumption and improve the stability of the system.

Claims (6)

1. The active support control strategy of the centralized photovoltaic inverter is characterized by being implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, maximum power tracking control is adopted for a photovoltaic group to obtain maximum power P capable of being output by photovoltaicmppAs a reference value for the inverter control power loop;
step 2, adopting an active support control mode for the photovoltaic inverter and combining a power reference value P of a source endmppPerforming active power and voltage control to obtain q-axis transient electromotive force;
step 3, obtaining the maximum power E which can be output by the photovoltaic through a virtual impedance linkdref、EqrefA 1 is mixing Edref、EqrefAnd as a reference value of the voltage and current double-loop control link, controlling the photovoltaic inverter through the reference value of the voltage and current control link.
2. The active support control strategy of the centralized photovoltaic inverter according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of step 2 is as follows:
step 2.1, an active power control loop is made according to a second-order rotor motion equation of the synchronous generator to obtain a self-controlled rotation angle theta, and the expression of active power control is as follows:
Figure FDA0003439555250000011
in formula (2): pmIs mechanical power, PeThe electromagnetic power is H, the virtual inertia is D, the damping coefficient is theta, the power angle of the generator is theta, the deviation between the rated rotating speed and the actual rotating speed is delta omega0At a nominal angular frequency
Figure FDA0003439555250000012
Is the rate of change of the angular frequency,
Figure FDA0003439555250000013
the rate of change of the power angle;
in formula (2), mechanical power PmAnd electromagnetic power PeThe expression of (c) is:
Figure FDA0003439555250000014
in formula (3): u shaped、UqFor grid-connected point bus voltage UbD-axis component and q-axis component of (I)d、IqFor current I on the line connecting the inverterlD-axis component and q-axis component ofAmount, PmppThe maximum power of the photovoltaic group;
step 2.2, the active support control strategy simulates an automatic adjusting excitation device of the generator to control the outlet voltage U of the invertera(ii) a According to the automatic adjustment excitation device of the synchronous generator and the change process of the transient electromotive force, the stability of grid-connected voltage is controlled, and the model is as follows:
Figure FDA0003439555250000021
in formula (4): eq' is q-axis transient electromotive force, EqIs no-load electromotive force, EqeIs forced no-load electromotive force, X'dIs a direct axis transient reactance, XdIs a direct-axis synchronous reactance, E'qeFor exciting electromotive force, DeltaU, output from the automatic voltage regulatoraAs a deviation value of the inverter terminal voltage, KAFor automatic adjustment of gain of exciter, TeFor automatic adjustment of the time constant, T ', of the exciter'd0Is the time constant of the excitation winding of the virtual synchronous generator;
calculating q-axis transient electromotive force E according to formula (4)q′。
3. The active support control strategy of the centralized photovoltaic inverter according to claim 1, wherein when the active support control mode is adopted for the photovoltaic inverter, the voltage equation of the power transmission line of the active support type photovoltaic inverter grid-connected system is as follows:
Ua＝jXlIl+Ub (1)
in the formula (1), XlIs line reactance, IlFor transmission line current, UbFor the grid-connected point bus voltage, UaIs the inverter terminal voltage.
4. The active support control strategy of the centralized photovoltaic inverter according to claim 1, wherein step 3 is to obtain the maximum power E that the photovoltaic can output through the virtual impedance linkdref、EqrefThe specific process is as follows: controlling q-axis transient electromotive force Eq' obtaining the maximum power E which can be output by the photovoltaic through a virtual impedance linkdref、Eqref：
Figure FDA0003439555250000031
In formula (5): edAnd the' is 0, controlling q-axis transient electromotive force components, wherein r is virtual stator resistance, and x is virtual stator reactance.
5. The active support control strategy of the centralized photovoltaic inverter according to claim 1, wherein the voltage-current dual-loop control link in step 3 specifically refers to: voltage outer loop control and current inner loop control.
6. The active support control strategy of the centralized photovoltaic inverter according to claim 5, wherein the specific process of controlling the photovoltaic inverter through the reference value of the voltage and current control link is as follows:
in voltage outer loop control, the deviation value of a voltage reference value and the actual voltage of an active support type VSC port obtains a current reference value of a current inner loop through a PI link, and the expression is as follows:
Figure FDA0003439555250000032
in formula (6): v. ofd、vqOutputting d and q axis components of voltage for the VSC in an active support mode; i.e. idref、iqrefThe reference value is an active support type VSC current inner ring reference value; ω Cvd、ωCvqIs the voltage decoupling quantity; k is a radical ofv、kiProportional and integral coefficients of PI links;
in the current inner loop control, the deviation amount of a reference value given by current and the actual output current value of an active support type VSC port passes through a current inner loop controller, the influence of filter inductance current is considered, and a modulation ratio signal of the active support type photovoltaic inverter is obtained, and the expression is as follows:
Figure FDA0003439555250000041
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115313524A (en) * 2022-07-26 2022-11-08 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 Photovoltaic power generation grid-connected control method and system based on network-building type converter

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115313524A (en) * 2022-07-26 2022-11-08 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 Photovoltaic power generation grid-connected control method and system based on network-building type converter

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