CN114447878A - Fault monitoring protection device and protection method of direct current grounding system - Google Patents
Fault monitoring protection device and protection method of direct current grounding system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114447878A CN114447878A CN202210223464.3A CN202210223464A CN114447878A CN 114447878 A CN114447878 A CN 114447878A CN 202210223464 A CN202210223464 A CN 202210223464A CN 114447878 A CN114447878 A CN 114447878A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/56—Testing of electric apparatus
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/16—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/24—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to undervoltage or no-voltage
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fault monitoring and protecting device and a fault monitoring and protecting method for a direct current system, wherein the device comprises the following components: the system comprises a residual current sensor, a current divider, a power supply module, a signal processing module, a human-computer interaction interface and an execution module, wherein the input of the power supply module is connected with a direct current system feeder line and used for supplying power to other modules; the residual current sensor detects residual current signals in a feeder line of the direct current system, the shunt detects current signals of the feeder line of the direct current system, voltage signals are collected from the feeder line of the direct current system, collected electrical parameters are input into the signal processing module, signal amplification, A/D conversion and microprocessor logic operation are carried out, alarm information is displayed on a human-computer interaction interface according to an operation result, or the operation of the execution module is controlled. The invention integrates multiple fault monitoring and fault protection, is internally provided with the microprocessor, does not need to communicate with an upper computer, simplifies system wiring, and is convenient and simple to install.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a direct current grounding fault monitoring technology, in particular to a fault monitoring protection device and a fault monitoring protection method of a direct current grounding system.
Background
At present, a large number of direct current sources such as distributed renewable energy sources and electric automobile charging piles are connected into a power distribution network, the direct current sources can be connected into an alternating current power distribution network with corresponding voltage levels through a converter, the energy conversion link is complex, and efficient consumption of new energy sources is not facilitated. When the direct current source loads in the power system develop to a certain scale and are widely distributed, a direct current power distribution network is directly constructed, the direct current source loads are stored and are accessed in a plug-and-play mode, and then the direct current source loads are connected with an alternating current power network in a unified mode and energy interaction is achieved. Compare alternating current distribution network, direct current distribution network possesses easily inserts the distributed energy, is convenient for and energy storage cooperation, and electric energy transmission efficiency is higher and environmental pollution advantage such as less, not only can save equipment investment and power loss that a large amount of alternating current-direct current transform brought, effectively improves the operating efficiency and the economic nature of distribution network, can effectively ensure the power supply reliability and the electric energy quality of direct current source charge-storage moreover.
In order to ensure the safe operation of the dc system, the dc demonstration project is usually configured with an insulation monitoring device for fault monitoring and a dc breaker for fault protection. The protection function of the protection device in such a protection configuration is relatively single, which results in complex system wiring, high cost of the protection configuration, and imperfect protection. Especially, the corresponding protection device for personal electric shock and equipment electric leakage lack has certain potential safety hazard, and not only the personal safety is threatened, but also electric fire accidents are possibly caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: one object of the present invention is to provide a fault monitoring protection device for a dc-to-earth system.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a fault monitoring protection method for dc-to-ground system.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a fault monitoring and protecting device of a direct current system, which comprises: the system comprises a residual current sensor, a current divider, a power supply module, a signal processing module, a human-computer interaction interface and an execution module, wherein the input of the power supply module is connected with a direct current system feeder line and used for supplying power to other modules; the outputs of the residual current sensor, the shunt and the direct current system feeder line are connected with the input of the signal processing module, and the output of the signal processing module is connected with the execution module and the human-computer interaction interface.
Preferably, the signal processing module comprises an optical coupling isolation circuit, a signal modulation circuit, an A/D conversion circuit, a microprocessor, a threshold comparison circuit, an audio and sound control circuit and an acousto-optic alarm circuit, wherein the optical coupling isolation circuit, the signal modulation circuit, the A/D conversion circuit and the microprocessor are sequentially connected, the output of a direct current system feeder line and the output of a current divider are connected with the input of the optical coupling isolation circuit, the output of a residual current sensor is connected with the input of the signal modulation circuit, the microprocessor is connected with the execution module through the threshold comparison circuit on one hand, and is connected with a human-computer interaction interface through the audio and sound control circuit and the acousto-optic alarm circuit on the other hand.
Preferably, the execution module comprises a driving circuit and a circuit breaker, and the driving circuit drives and controls the action of the circuit breaker according to the output of the signal processing module.
Preferably, the human-computer interaction interface comprises an LED display and a keyboard operation and coding circuit, and is used for displaying alarm information according to the output of the signal processing module.
Preferably, the remaining circuit sensor is a hall sensor.
The invention relates to a fault monitoring and protecting method of a direct current system, which comprises the following steps:
the residual current sensor detects residual current signals in a feeder line of the direct current system, the shunt detects current signals of the feeder line of the direct current system, voltage signals are collected from the feeder line of the direct current system, collected electrical parameters are input into the signal processing module, signal amplification, A/D conversion and microprocessor logic operation are carried out, alarm information is displayed on a human-computer interaction interface according to an operation result, or the operation of the execution module is controlled.
Furthermore, the logic operation result of the microprocessor is compared with a set threshold value, and a pulse signal is output to control a driving circuit of the execution module to drive the breaker to act.
Further, the method for comparing the logic operation result of the microprocessor with the set threshold value comprises the following steps:
if so: if any one condition of the direct current system feeder current I > overcurrent fixed value Iset, the direct current system feeder voltage U > overvoltage fixed value Uset1, the direct current system feeder voltage U < low voltage fixed value Uset2 and the residual current signal I0> residual current fixed value I0set is adopted, an alarm signal is output or a trip signal is output; and otherwise, returning to continuously acquire the voltage signal, the current signal and the residual current signal of the feeder line of the direct current system.
An apparatus of the present invention includes a memory and a processor, wherein:
a memory for storing a computer program capable of running on the processor;
and the processor is used for executing the steps of the direct current system fault monitoring and protecting method when the computer program is run.
A storage medium of the present invention stores thereon a computer program, and the computer program is executed by at least one processor to implement the steps of the above-mentioned dc system fault monitoring protection method.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: (1) the invention relates to fault monitoring and protection for a direct current system which is directly grounded, belonging to a direct current residual current protection method. When insulation reduction or grounding occurs in the direct current feed-out branch circuit, unbalanced current occurs on the primary side, secondary induced current is generated by the Hall sensor through electromagnetic induction, the secondary induced current is converted into a voltage signal through signal processing, A/D conversion is performed after the voltage signal is amplified, the voltage signal is transmitted to the microprocessor, and finally the microprocessor compares the voltage signal with a set threshold value through logic operation of the microprocessor and outputs an alarm signal or a pulse signal to drive the circuit breaker to trip. (2) The fault monitoring and protecting device integrates multiple fault monitoring and fault protection, is internally provided with the microprocessor, does not need to communicate with an upper computer, simplifies system wiring, and is convenient and simple to install. The fault monitoring and protection integrated device collects voltage and current related parameters, modulates the voltage and current related parameters through signals and transmits the modulated voltage and current related parameters to the microprocessor, judges whether abnormal phenomena such as overvoltage, low voltage, overcurrent and residual current faults occur in the system or not, and gives a fault alarm or trips if the abnormal phenomena occur.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of fault monitoring and protection of a DC system;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a fault monitoring and protection integrated device;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a main loop of a unidirectional flyback switching power supply;
FIG. 4 is a fault protection logic control block diagram;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of dc system fault monitoring protection.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
The invention mainly provides a fault monitoring protection device and a fault monitoring protection method for a direct current system which is directly grounded.
As shown in fig. 1, the fault monitoring and protection device of the present invention integrates fault monitoring and fault protection, and includes a residual current sensor, a shunt, a power module, a signal processing module, a human-computer interaction interface, and an execution module; the input of the power supply module is connected with a direct current system feeder line, and the output of the power supply module supplies power to other modules; the outputs of the residual current sensor, the shunt and the direct current system feeder line are connected with the signal processing module; the output of the signal processing module is connected with the execution module and the human-computer interaction interface.
Referring to fig. 1, the power supply side of the dc system adopts a direct grounding mode, and when the dc system operates normally, I is set+、I-The positive current vector and the negative current vector of the feeder line are respectively, then the sum of the current vectors of the feeder line of the direct current system is 0, namely:
I++I-＝0
each dc system feeder (i.e. each branch) produces a corresponding magnetic flux in the core of the residual current sensor,
the magnetic flux vector generated by the positive pole current and the magnetic flux vector generated by the negative pole current of the feeder line respectively are zero, namely:
when the direct current system is grounded or the insulation is reduced, a fault loop is formed, and when fault current occurs, the sum of current vectors on the primary side of the residual current sensor is not zero any more, namely:
I++I-≠0
simultaneously, the magnetic flux vector sum in the magnet will also be nonzero, and induced current appears on the secondary side of the residual current sensor, promptly:
and after data processing, an alarm signal is output to a human-computer interaction interface, or a control signal is output to an execution module for tripping operation. A user can set an action for alarming or tripping through a human-computer interaction interface, and if the action is set for tripping and a tripping condition is met, a tripping signal is output to control the tripping of the execution module; if the action is set to alarm, only an alarm signal is sent out, and the circuit breaker does not trip. The alarm-only no-trip setting is generally directed to important loads having a large impact on power failure in a dc system, such as important dc loads in a substation dc system.
In particular, the residual current sensor adopts a Hall sensor.
As shown in fig. 2, the signal processing module is a data processing center of the apparatus, and includes: the device comprises an optical coupling isolation circuit, a signal modulation circuit, an A/D conversion circuit, a microprocessor, a threshold comparison circuit, an audio and sound control circuit and an acousto-optic alarm circuit; the execution module comprises a driving circuit and a circuit breaker, and the driving circuit drives and controls the action of the circuit breaker according to the output of the signal processing module; the human-computer interaction interface comprises an LED display and a keyboard operation and coding circuit and is used for displaying alarm information according to the output of the signal processing module; the microprocessor is connected with a driving circuit of the execution module through a threshold comparison circuit on one hand, the output of the driving circuit is connected with a circuit breaker, and on the other hand, the microprocessor is connected with an LED display and a keyboard operation and coding circuit of a human-computer interaction interface through an audio and sound control circuit and an acousto-optic alarm circuit.
The voltage signal output by the direct current system feeder line and the direct current system feeder line current signal collected by the shunt are input to the optical coupling isolation circuit, the residual current signal collected by the residual current sensor is input to the signal modulation circuit, the output of the optical coupling isolation circuit and the residual current signal are modulated by the signal modulation circuit and then input to the microprocessor through the A/D conversion circuit, the microprocessor performs logic operation, alarm information is displayed on a man-machine interaction interface after passing through the audio and sound control circuit and the acousto-optic alarm circuit according to the operation result, or the operation result is compared with a set threshold value, a pulse signal is output, a driving circuit of the execution module is driven, and the circuit breaker is controlled by the driving circuit to act.
Referring to fig. 2, the residual current input signal is modulated by a signal, converted by a/D and transmitted to a microprocessor, compared with a set threshold value, and an alarm signal or a trip signal is output; the voltage and current input signals are firstly subjected to high-voltage and low-voltage electrical isolation through the optical coupling isolation circuit, then input to the microprocessor through signal conditioning and A/D conversion, compared with a preset threshold value, and an alarm signal and a trip signal are output.
As shown in fig. 3, the power supply module of the device employs a flyback switching power supply. When the switching tube Q2 is turned on, the current of the primary inductor of the transformer rises, and since the dotted terminals of the output coil of the flyback circuit are opposite, the output diode D4 is turned off, the transformer stores energy, and the load is supplied with energy by the first output capacitor C13 and the second output capacitor C15; when the switching tube Q2 is turned off, the voltage induced in the primary inductor of the transformer is reversed, the output diode D4 is turned on, the energy of the transformer supplies power to the load through the output diode D4, and the first output capacitor C13 and the second output capacitor C15 are charged.
As shown in (a) - (d) of fig. 4, the protection logic control block diagram of overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection, low voltage protection, and residual current protection outputs a corresponding control signal to alarm or trip when the fault current and voltage exceed the setting range. Setting a setting value of overcurrent protection according to 1.5 times of the minimum value of current when a near end fails, wherein the setting value of the current is greater than the maximum load current, and the action time is set to be 3-5 ms; the setting value of the overvoltage protection is larger than the normal operation voltage peak value of the equipment, and the action time is between 50ms and 1 s; the low-voltage fixed value in the low-voltage protection is not higher than the voltage fixed value of the low-voltage overcurrent protection, and the action time is between 50ms and 1 s; the residual current constant value is generally set to be 10 m-30 mA, and the action time is within 1 s.
As shown in fig. 5, the method for monitoring and protecting a dc system fault according to the present invention includes residual current protection, current protection and voltage protection. The residual current sensor detects a residual current signal I0 in a feeder line of the direct current system, the shunt detects a current signal I of the feeder line of the direct current system, a voltage signal U is collected from the feeder line of the direct current system, collected electrical parameters (the residual current signal, the current signal and the voltage signal of the feeder line of the direct current system) are input into the signal modulation module for signal modulation, the signal modulation module carries out logic operation with the microprocessor after A/D conversion, alarm information is displayed on a human-computer interaction interface according to an operation result, or the execution module is controlled to trip.
And comparing the logic operation result of the microprocessor with a set threshold value, and outputting a pulse signal to control a driving circuit of the execution module to drive the breaker to act. The method for comparing the logic operation result of the microprocessor with the set threshold value comprises the following steps:
if so: if any one condition of the direct current system feeder current I > overcurrent fixed value Iset, the direct current system feeder voltage U > overvoltage fixed value Uset1, the direct current system feeder voltage U < low voltage fixed value Uset2 and the residual current signal I0> residual current fixed value I0set is adopted, an alarm signal is output or a trip signal is output; and otherwise, returning to continuously acquire the voltage signal, the current signal and the residual current signal of the feeder line of the direct current system.
Referring to fig. 5, the fault monitoring protection device collects a voltage signal U, a current signal I and a residual current signal I0 of the dc feeder, and compares the signals with a preset threshold value after signal conditioning (the threshold value is set in an internal program of the microprocessor and compared with a value after a/D conversion). When any condition of a voltage signal U > overvoltage fixed value Uset 1/a voltage signal U < low voltage fixed value Uset 2/a current signal I > overcurrent fixed value Iset/residual current I0> I0set is met, an alarm signal is output or a tripping signal is output, and the circuit breaker trips.
An apparatus of the present invention includes a memory and a processor, wherein:
a memory for storing a computer program capable of running on the processor;
and the processor is used for executing the steps of the direct current system fault monitoring and protecting method when the computer program is run.
A storage medium of the present invention stores thereon a computer program, and the computer program is executed by at least one processor to implement the steps of the above-mentioned dc system fault monitoring protection method.
Claims (10)
1. A direct current system fault monitoring protection device is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a residual current sensor, a current divider, a power supply module, a signal processing module, a human-computer interaction interface and an execution module, wherein the input of the power supply module is connected with a direct current system feeder line and used for supplying power to other modules; the outputs of the residual current sensor, the shunt and the direct current system feeder line are connected with the input of the signal processing module, and the output of the signal processing module is connected with the execution module and the human-computer interaction interface.
2. The direct current system fault monitoring and protecting device according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing module comprises an optical coupling isolation circuit, a signal modulation circuit, an A/D conversion circuit, a microprocessor, a threshold comparison circuit, an audio and sound control circuit and an acousto-optic alarm circuit, wherein the optical coupling isolation circuit, the signal modulation circuit, the A/D conversion circuit and the microprocessor are sequentially connected, a direct current system feeder output and a shunt output are connected with an input of the optical coupling isolation circuit, an output of a residual current sensor is connected with an input of the signal modulation circuit, and the microprocessor is connected with the execution module through the threshold comparison circuit on one hand and is connected with a human-computer interaction interface through the audio and sound control circuit and the acousto-optic alarm circuit on the other hand.
3. The direct current system fault monitoring and protecting device of claim 1, wherein the execution module comprises a driving circuit and a circuit breaker, and the driving circuit drives and controls the action of the circuit breaker according to the output of the signal processing module.
4. The direct current system fault monitoring and protecting device of claim 1, wherein the human-computer interface comprises an LED display and a keyboard operation and encoding circuit for displaying alarm information according to the output of the signal processing module.
5. The direct current system fault monitoring protection device of claim 1, wherein the remaining circuit sensors are hall sensors.
6. A fault monitoring and protecting method for a direct current system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the residual current sensor detects residual current signals in a feeder line of the direct current system, the shunt detects current signals of the feeder line of the direct current system, voltage signals are collected from the feeder line of the direct current system, collected electrical parameters are input into the signal processing module, signal amplification, A/D conversion and microprocessor logic operation are carried out, alarm information is displayed on a human-computer interaction interface according to an operation result, or the operation of the execution module is controlled.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the logic operation result of the microprocessor is compared with a set threshold value, and a pulse signal is outputted to control a driving circuit of the execution module to drive the circuit breaker to operate.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the comparison between the logic operation result of the microprocessor and the set threshold is performed by:
if the following conditions are met: if any one condition of the direct current system feeder current I > overcurrent fixed value Iset, the direct current system feeder voltage U > overvoltage fixed value Uset1, the direct current system feeder voltage U < low voltage fixed value Uset2 and the residual current signal I0> residual current fixed value I0set is adopted, an alarm signal is output or a trip signal is output; and otherwise, returning to continuously acquire the voltage signal, the current signal and the residual current signal of the feeder line of the direct current system.
9. An apparatus, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein:
a memory for storing a computer program capable of running on the processor;
a processor for performing the steps of a method for dc system fault monitoring protection according to any of claims 6-8 when running said computer program.
10. A storage medium having stored thereon a computer program for implementing the steps of a dc system fault monitoring protection method according to any one of claims 6 to 8 when executed by at least one processor.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117559610A (en) * | 2024-01-10 | 2024-02-13 | 云南山高新能源有限公司 | Emergency protection system for electric automobile during high-voltage charging |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117559610A (en) * | 2024-01-10 | 2024-02-13 | 云南山高新能源有限公司 | Emergency protection system for electric automobile during high-voltage charging |
| CN117559610B (en) * | 2024-01-10 | 2024-03-19 | 云南山高新能源有限公司 | Emergency protection system for electric automobile during high-voltage charging |
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