CN114447133A - Photovoltaic back sheet, method for preparing photovoltaic back sheet and photovoltaic assembly - Google Patents
Photovoltaic back sheet, method for preparing photovoltaic back sheet and photovoltaic assembly Download PDFInfo
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- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/049—Protective back sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/308—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising acrylic (co)polymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
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- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/0481—Encapsulation of modules characterised by the composition of the encapsulation material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a photovoltaic back plate, a method for preparing the photovoltaic back plate and a photovoltaic module, wherein the photovoltaic back plate comprises: a weatherable layer; the first transition layer is positioned on one side of the weather-resistant layer; the second transition layer is positioned on one side of the first transition layer, which is far away from the weather-resistant layer; the supporting layer is positioned on one side, far away from the first transition layer, of the second transition layer; and the heat sealing layer is positioned on one side of the supporting layer, which is far away from the second transition layer, wherein the first transition layer and the weather-resistant layer contain the same components, the second transition layer and the first transition layer contain the same components, and the second transition layer and the supporting layer contain the same components. Therefore, the photovoltaic back plate with better weather resistance and interlayer adhesion is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of photovoltaics, in particular to a photovoltaic back sheet, a method for preparing the photovoltaic back sheet and a photovoltaic module.
Background
Solar energy is used as the richest renewable energy source in the nature, is converted into electric energy through the photovoltaic module, and has unique advantages and huge development and application potentials. The photovoltaic back plate is used as an important component in a photovoltaic module and assembled on the back of the cell piece to play a role in protecting and supporting the cell piece. The photovoltaic backboard packaging material used by the double-sided battery assembly in the related technology is mainly a polyvinyl fluoride film and a polyvinylidene fluoride film, a solvent type adhesive and paint are needed in the production process, volatile organic substances can be discharged, the environmental protection is not facilitated, the backboard needs to use a coating and compounding technology, the production process is complex, and the cost is high. When polyester or polyolefin is directly used as a weather-resistant layer material of the photovoltaic back panel, the use reliability of the photovoltaic back panel has a big problem.
Thus, current photovoltaic backsheets, methods of making photovoltaic backsheets, and photovoltaic modules remain to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application is directed to solving, to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.
In one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a photovoltaic backsheet comprising: a weatherable layer; a first transition layer on one side of the weathering layer; a second transition layer located on a side of the first transition layer away from the weathering layer; the supporting layer is positioned on one side, far away from the first transition layer, of the second transition layer; the heat sealing layer is positioned on one side, far away from the second transition layer, of the supporting layer, wherein the first transition layer and the weather-resistant layer contain the same components, the second transition layer and the first transition layer contain the same components, and the second transition layer and the supporting layer contain the same components. Therefore, the photovoltaic back plate with better weather resistance and interlayer adhesion is obtained.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the weathering layer comprises: 55-89 parts of polyvinylidene fluoride polymer, 5-20 parts of polymethacrylate resin, 5-20 parts of toughening agent and 0.5-5 parts of anti-aging agent. Thus, the weatherability of the photovoltaic backsheet can be improved.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the first transition layer comprises: 39-71 parts of polyvinylidene fluoride polymer, 20-40 parts of polymethacrylate resin, 8-16 parts of toughening agent and 0.5-5 parts of anti-aging agent. Therefore, the interlayer bonding force of the photovoltaic back sheet can be improved.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the second transition layer comprises: 50-60 parts of polymethacrylate resin, 20-30 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 10-20 parts of alpha olefin copolymer and 0.5-5 parts of anti-aging agent. Therefore, the interlayer bonding force of the photovoltaic back sheet can be improved.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the support layer comprises: 1-10 parts of polyethylene, 75-85 parts of polypropylene, 1-10 parts of alpha olefin copolymer and 1-5 parts of anti-aging agent. From this, can improve the structural stability of photovoltaic backplate.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the heat-seal layer comprises: 70-90 parts of polyolefin, 3-15 parts of alpha olefin copolymer, 10-20 parts of ionomer and 1-5 parts of anti-aging agent. From this, can improve the structural stability of photovoltaic backplate.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the polyvinylidene fluoride polymer includes at least one of a homopolymer and a copolymer. Thus, the weatherability of the photovoltaic backsheet can be improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the toughening agent is a silicon-acrylic type toughening agent, and the silicon-acrylic type toughening agent is a core-shell structure. From this, can improve the toughness of photovoltaic backplate.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the melt flow rate of the polymethacrylate resin is 10-20g/10min under the conditions of 230 ℃ and 3.8 kg. Thus, the weather resistance and interlayer adhesion of the photovoltaic back sheet can be improved.
According to the examples of the present invention, the alpha-olefin copolymer has a melt flow rate of 0.5 to 15g/10min measured at 190 ℃ under 2.16 kg. Therefore, the interlayer bonding force of the photovoltaic back sheet can be improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the alpha olefin copolymer includes at least one of an ethylene-alpha olefin copolymer and a propylene-alpha olefin copolymer. Therefore, the interlayer bonding force of the photovoltaic back sheet can be improved.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the content of the vinyl acetate in the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 15-35 wt%. Therefore, the interlayer bonding force of the photovoltaic back sheet can be improved.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the polyethylene comprises at least one of high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene and linear low density polyethylene. Thus, the low temperature resistance and the electrical insulation property of polypropylene can be improved.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the polypropylene comprises at least one of isotactic polypropylene, block polypropylene and random co-polypropylene. Therefore, the effective insulation thickness of the photovoltaic back sheet is favorably maintained.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the polyolefin comprises at least one of polyethylene and polypropylene, wherein the polypropylene comprises at least one of random copolymer polypropylene and terpolymer polypropylene, and the polyethylene comprises at least one of high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene and linear low density polyethylene. From this, can improve the structural stability of photovoltaic backplate.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the polyolefin is a composition of polyethylene and polypropylene, the weight ratio of the polypropylene to the polyethylene in the polyolefin being (70-40): (30-60). Therefore, the structural stability of the photovoltaic back sheet can be further improved.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the ionomer is a metal cationic polymer. Therefore, the interlayer bonding force of the photovoltaic back sheet can be improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the aging resistor includes at least one of an acid absorbent, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a light stabilizer, and a radical quencher. From this, can improve photovoltaic backplate's ageing resistance.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the ultraviolet absorber is a triazine-based ultraviolet absorber. Therefore, the anti-aging performance of the photovoltaic back plate can be further improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the light stabilizer is a hindered amine light stabilizer. Therefore, the anti-aging performance of the photovoltaic back plate can be further improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the aging resistor is a mixture of the light stabilizer and the ultraviolet absorber. Therefore, the anti-aging performance of the photovoltaic back plate can be further improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, further comprising: the ultraviolet shielding layer is located between the weather-resistant layer and the first transition layer and comprises an ultraviolet absorbent. Therefore, the ultraviolet resistance of the photovoltaic back sheet can be improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, further comprising a rigid lifting layer between the second transition layer and the support layer. Therefore, the structural stability of the photovoltaic back sheet can be further improved.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the rigidity-enhancing layer is located between the support layer and the heat-seal layer. Therefore, the structural stability of the photovoltaic back sheet can be further improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the rigid lifting layer includes homo polypropylene, an alpha olefin copolymer, and an antioxidant. Therefore, the structural stability of the photovoltaic back sheet can be further improved.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the weather-resistant layer is 15-50 μm, the thickness of the first transition layer is 5-20 μm, the thickness of the second transition layer is 5-15 μm, the thickness of the support layer is 150-400 μm, and the thickness of the heat-sealing layer is 20-50 μm. Therefore, the photovoltaic back sheet suitable for popularization and application can be obtained.
In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for preparing the aforementioned photovoltaic backsheet, comprising: forming a photovoltaic backsheet from a first polymeric composition, a second polymeric composition, a third polymeric composition, a fourth polymeric composition and a fifth polymeric composition via a coextrusion process, the first polymeric composition forming a weatherable layer of the photovoltaic backsheet, the second polymeric composition forming a first transition layer of the photovoltaic backsheet, the third polymeric composition forming a second transition layer of the photovoltaic backsheet, the fourth polymeric composition forming a support layer of the photovoltaic backsheet, and the fifth polymeric composition forming a heat seal layer of the photovoltaic backsheet, wherein the second polymeric composition and the first polymeric composition comprise the same components, the third polymeric composition and the second polymeric composition comprise the same components, and the third polymeric composition and the fourth polymeric composition comprise the same components. Therefore, the method for preparing the photovoltaic back sheet has all the characteristics and advantages of the photovoltaic back sheet, and the details are not repeated herein.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the temperature of the co-extrusion process is 170-250 ℃, and the rotating speed of the extrusion rod of the co-extrusion process is 200-300 r/min. Thereby, formation of a photovoltaic backsheet of suitable thickness is facilitated.
In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a photovoltaic module comprising: the photovoltaic front plate comprises a photovoltaic front plate, a first hot-melt adhesive film layer, a battery piece and a second hot-melt adhesive film layer, wherein the first hot-melt adhesive film layer is positioned on one side of the photovoltaic front plate, the battery piece is positioned on one side of the first hot-melt adhesive film layer away from the photovoltaic front plate, the second hot-melt adhesive film layer is positioned on one side of the battery piece away from the first hot-melt adhesive film layer, the second hot-melt adhesive film layer is positioned on one side of the second hot-melt adhesive film layer away from the battery piece, the photovoltaic back plate is positioned on one side of the second hot-melt adhesive film layer away from the battery piece, a heat sealing layer of the photovoltaic back plate is contacted with the second hot-melt adhesive film layer, and the photovoltaic back plate is the photovoltaic back plate or the photovoltaic back plate prepared by the method. Therefore, the photovoltaic module has all the characteristics and advantages of the photovoltaic back plate and the method for preparing the photovoltaic back plate, and the details are not repeated herein.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 shows a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic backsheet according to one embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 shows a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic backsheet according to yet another embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 shows a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic backsheet according to yet another embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 shows a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic backsheet according to yet another embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 shows a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1: a photovoltaic backsheet; 2: a second hot melt adhesive film layer; 3: a first hot melt adhesive film layer; 4: a photovoltaic front panel; 5: a battery piece; 10: an ultraviolet shielding layer; 20: a rigid lifting layer; 100: a weatherable layer; 200: a first transition layer; 300: a second transition layer; 400: a support layer; 500: and (4) heat sealing the layer.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present application, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary only for the purpose of explaining the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.
The present application is made based on the findings of the inventors on the following problems:
the fluorine-containing material is used as an organic material with better weather resistance, and can meet the weather resistance requirement of long-term outdoor application in the photovoltaic power generation industry. In the related technology, when the fluoroplastic or fluoroplastic alloy is used as the co-extrusion back plate of the weather-resistant layer, the fluoroplastic and the polyolefin material can be bonded together through the polar polymer, for example, a vinyl polar polymer or a graft modified vinyl polymer is used as a bonding layer, but the polar polymer has a certain bonding force to the polyolefin material, the bonding property with the fluoroplastic is poor, and the interlayer bonding force stability after aging is poor; the two-layer structure of the methacrylate resin layer and the styrene-conjugated diene block copolymer layer can also be used as a bonding layer, so that the fluorine-containing material and the polyolefin material are bonded together. According to the technical scheme, a large amount of methacrylate resin needs to be added into the methacrylate resin layer, the brittleness of the methacrylate resin is high, the integral performance of the back plate is poor when the content of the methacrylate resin in the resin layer is too high, and the high water content in the back plate can be caused by adding a large amount of methacrylate resin into the fluorine-containing material through a damp-heat aging test, so that the transparency of the back plate is influenced; when the styrene-conjugated diene block copolymer is used as the bonding layer between the methacrylate resin layer and the polyolefin material, the overall weather resistance of the back plate is poor because the styrene-conjugated diene block copolymer is an unsaturated olefin material. Therefore, the photovoltaic back plate in the related art has the problems of complex production process, high cost, poor weather resistance and the like.
The present application is directed to solving, to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.
In one aspect of the invention, with reference to fig. 1, the invention proposes a photovoltaic backsheet 1 comprising: a weathering layer 100; a first transition layer 200, the first transition layer 200 being located on one side of the weathering layer 100; a second transition layer 300, the second transition layer 300 being located on the side of the first transition layer 200 away from the weathering layer 100; the supporting layer 400, wherein the supporting layer 400 is positioned on the side of the second transition layer 300 far away from the first transition layer 200; and the heat sealing layer 500 is positioned on the side of the support layer 400 far away from the second transition layer 300, wherein the first transition layer 200 and the weather-resistant layer 100 contain the same components, the second transition layer 300 and the first transition layer 200 contain the same components, and the second transition layer 300 and the support layer 400 contain the same components. Therefore, the photovoltaic back plate with better weather resistance and interlayer adhesion is obtained. Through the arrangement of the first transition layer and the second transition layer, the interlayer bonding force and the weather resistance of the photovoltaic back plate are obviously improved, particularly, after a high-temperature stewing experiment, the interlayer bonding force between the weather-resistant layer and the supporting layer is not reduced, the phenomenon of bulging delamination does not appear in the appearance, and the weather-resistant layer and the supporting layer have reliable bonding performance.
For ease of understanding, the following explains the principle that the photovoltaic backsheet in the present application has the above-described advantageous effects:
firstly, the photovoltaic back plate in the application at least comprises a weather-proof layer, a first transition layer, a second transition layer, a supporting layer and a heat-sealing layer, and all the raw materials are formed into a final product through one-step forming by a co-extrusion process. For example, when the weather-resistant layer includes PMMA (polymethacrylate resin) and PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride polymer), the first transition layer may also include PMMA and PVDF, wherein the content of PMMA in the first transition layer may be greater than the content of PMMA in the weather-resistant layer, and the content of PVDF in the first transition layer may be less than the content of PVDF in the weather-resistant layer, and therefore, since the weather-resistant layer and the first transition layer have the same main components, the interlayer adhesion between the weather-resistant layer and the first transition layer is stronger, and the first transition layer may also serve to improve the weather resistance. And, through the setting of the first transition layer that has lower surface energy and higher polarity for the layer of nai time does not directly contact with other membrane layers, has improved the interlayer adhesion stress between layer of nai time layer and the first transition layer through the setting of first transition layer, and then improves the structural stability of the layer of nai time in the photovoltaic backplate.
Secondly, the first transition layer 200 and the second transition layer 300 of the photovoltaic back panel also have the same composition, for example, the first transition layer and the second transition layer may both include PMMA, and the second transition layer has a higher content of PMMA, so that the interlayer adhesion between the first transition layer and the second transition layer can be significantly improved, and the interlayer adhesion between the first transition layer and the weather-resistant layer is also stronger, so that the interlayer adhesion between the weather-resistant layer, the first transition layer and the second transition layer in the photovoltaic back panel is better.
Finally, the second transition layer 300 and the support layer 400 of the photovoltaic backsheet also have the same composition, for example, when the support layer may include an alpha olefin copolymer, the second transition layer may also have an amount of the alpha olefin copolymer therein, thereby providing excellent interlayer adhesion between the second transition layer and the support layer. The same composition is also provided between the support layer 400 and the heat-seal layer 500, so that the support layer 400 and the heat-seal layer 500 have better interlayer adhesion. Therefore, the weather-resistant layer, the first transition layer, the second transition layer, the supporting layer and the heat sealing layer of the photovoltaic back plate have good interlayer bonding force, and the interlayer bonding force, the weather resistance and the structural stability of the whole photovoltaic back plate are good.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the composition of the weathering layer is not particularly limited, for example, the weathering layer may include: 55-89 parts of polyvinylidene fluoride polymer, 5-20 parts of polymethacrylate resin, 5-20 parts of toughening agent and 0.5-5 parts of anti-aging agent. The main resin in the weather-resistant layer is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), Polymethacrylate (PMMA) and a toughening agent, wherein the Polymethacrylate (PMMA) can be blended with the PVDF in any proportion, the PVDF has excellent weather resistance, and the addition of the PMMA can increase the compatibility and extraction resistance of a system and reduce the cost. The toughening agent can obviously improve the toughness of the PVDF material, and further improve the toughness of the whole weather-resistant layer. When the weight part of the polyvinylidene fluoride polymer in the weather-resistant layer is less than 55 weight parts, the weather-resistant layer has poor weather resistance and cannot meet the use requirement; when the weight part of polyvinylidene fluoride polymer is greater than 89 weight parts in the layer of nai time, because of PVDF price is higher, and then can cause the manufacturing cost of whole layer of nai time to show and promote, be unfavorable for using widely. When the content of the toughening agent in the weather-resistant layer is less than 5 parts by weight, the toughening effect cannot be realized; when the content of the toughening agent in the weather-resistant layer is more than 20 parts by weight, the transparency of the photovoltaic back sheet is affected, so that the photoelectric property of the photovoltaic module is weakened.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the type of polyvinylidene fluoride polymer in the weatherable layer is not particularly limited, for example, the polyvinylidene fluoride polymer in the weatherable layer may include at least one of a homopolymer and a copolymer. The polyvinylidene fluoride polymer has higher fluorine content and small fluorine atom polarizability, and simultaneously, fluorine atoms play a role in high shielding effect and steric hindrance, so that the copolymer and the homopolymer of the polyvinylidene fluoride polymer have higher chemical inertness compared with the copolymer and the homopolymer without fluorine resin.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the type of the toughening agent in the weathering layer is not particularly limited, for example, the toughening agent in the weathering layer may be a silicon-acrylic type toughening agent, wherein the silicon-acrylic type toughening agent is a core-shell structure. The core-shell structure in the silicon-acrylic acid type toughening agent has excellent impact resistance and low-temperature resistance, and the toughness of the PVDF material can be obviously improved by using a small amount of the toughening agent.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the melt index of the polymethacrylate resin in the weathering layer is not particularly limited, for example, the melt flow rate of the polymethacrylate resin in the weathering layer measured at 230 ℃ under 3.8kg may be 10 to 20g/10 min. Therefore, the polymethacrylate resin in the weather-resistant layer has good fluidity and low difficulty in co-extrusion molding.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the composition of the first transition layer is not particularly limited, for example, the first transition layer may include: 39-71 parts of polyvinylidene fluoride polymer, 20-40 parts of polymethacrylate resin, 8-16 parts of toughening agent and 0.5-5 parts of anti-aging agent. When the composition of first transition layer is located above-mentioned within range, the main part resin of first transition layer is the same with resistant time layer, still is polyvinylidene fluoride Polymer (PVDF), polymethacrylate resin (PMMA) and toughening agent, compares in resistant time layer, and the PMMA's in the first transition layer content is higher, and the content of PVDF is lower, and then makes the surface energy of first transition layer reduce to some extent compared in resistant time layer, and the polarity increases to the interlaminar cohesive force between first transition layer and the second transition layer has been increased.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the kind of the polyvinylidene fluoride polymer in the first transition layer is not particularly limited, for example, the polyvinylidene fluoride polymer in the weather-resistant layer may include at least one of a homopolymer and a copolymer. Therefore, the first transition layer and the weather-resistant layer have the same composition, and the interlayer bonding force is stronger.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the type of the toughening agent in the first transition layer is not particularly limited, for example, the toughening agent in the weathering layer may be a silicon-acrylic type toughening agent, wherein the silicon-acrylic type toughening agent is a core-shell structure. Therefore, the first transition layer and the weather-resistant layer have the same composition, and the interlayer bonding force is stronger.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the kind of the polymethacrylate resin in the first transition layer is not particularly limited, and for example, the polymethacrylate resin in the first transition layer may have a melt flow rate of 10 to 20g/10min measured at 230 ℃ under 3.8 kg. When the melt index of the polymethacrylate resin in the first transition layer is within the range, the melt index is higher, the PMMA molecular chain is easy to rotate, the fluidity is better, and the interlayer adhesive force between the PMMA resin and the nonpolar polyolefin resin, namely between the first transition layer and the second transition layer, can be improved.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the composition of the second transition layer is not particularly limited, for example, the second transition layer may include: 50-60 parts of polymethacrylate resin, 20-30 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 10-20 parts of alpha olefin copolymer and 0.5-5 parts of anti-aging agent. When the composition of the second transition layer is within the above range, the main body resin of the second transition layer is polymethacrylate resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and alpha-olefin copolymer, the polymethacrylate resin is helpful for improving the interlayer adhesive force between the second transition layer and the first transition layer, the alpha-olefin copolymer is helpful for improving the interlayer adhesive force between the second transition layer and the support layer, but the polymethacrylate resin has a high content of polar groups, and the alpha-olefin copolymer is nonpolar resin, so the compatibility between the alpha-olefin copolymer and PMMA is poor, and therefore the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is also added into the second transition layer. The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is a copolymer which has polar groups and polyolefin chain segments, so that the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer can be compatible with PMMA and non-polar alpha olefin copolymers, and the polar groups in the EVA are ester bond functional groups which are the same as the polar functional groups in the PMMA, so that although the EVA contains more polyolefin chain segments, the two materials have certain compatibility. The alpha olefin copolymer is a kind of elastomer material, and the blending process and the EVA melt interface have segment entanglement, so that the alpha olefin copolymer with proper content can be blended with the EVA material.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the content of the α -olefin copolymer in the second transition layer may be 10 to 20 wt%, thereby improving compatibility between components in the second transition layer, avoiding phase separation or insufficient cohesion of the second transition layer, and improving interlayer adhesion between the second transition layer and the support layer. According to other embodiments of the present invention, the content of the polymethacrylate resin in the second transition layer may be 45 to 65 wt%, so that the adhesion between the second transition layer and the first transition layer may be improved.
According to some embodiments of the invention, Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) is a class of copolymers having both polar groups and polyolefin segments. The content of vinyl acetate in the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer in the second transition layer is not particularly limited, and for example, the content of vinyl acetate in the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer in the second transition layer may be 15 to 35 wt%. When the content of vinyl acetate in the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer in the second transition layer is less than 15wt, the function of improving the compatibility between PMMA and the alpha olefin copolymer in the second transition layer cannot be realized; when the content of vinyl acetate in the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer in the second transition layer is more than 35wt, the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has too high a melt index, is easily decomposed, and is not suitable for a co-extrusion process.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the kind of the α -olefin copolymer in the second transition layer is not particularly limited, for example, the α -olefin copolymer has a melt flow rate of 0.5 to 15g/10min measured at 190 ℃ under 2.16 kg. When the melt index of the α -olefin copolymer in the second transition layer is within the above range, the melt index is high, the molecular chain of the α -olefin copolymer is easily rotated, the fluidity is good, and the interlayer adhesive force between the α -olefin copolymer and the polar polyolefin resin, that is, between the second transition layer and the first transition layer can be improved. Specifically, the alpha-olefin copolymer may include at least one of an ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymer and a propylene-alpha-olefin copolymer.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the composition of the support layer is not particularly limited, and for example, the support layer may include: 1-10 parts of polyethylene, 75-85 parts of polypropylene, 1-10 parts of alpha olefin copolymer and 1-5 parts of anti-aging agent. When the composition of the supporting layer is within the above range, the main resin of the supporting layer is polypropylene, the polypropylene is used as the main resin, the advantages of easily available raw materials and low price are achieved, the polypropylene has a relatively high melting point and good heat resistance, and the polypropylene is used as the main resin of the supporting layer, so that the backboard can be ensured to have a high effective insulation thickness retention rate in the assembly production process. In addition, the support layer also contains a small amount of polyethylene and alpha olefin copolymer, the polyethylene is low in price, and the polyethylene can effectively improve the low-temperature resistance and the electric insulation performance of the polypropylene material, so that the support layer is more suitable for being used as a back plate composition structure of the solar cell back plate. The alpha olefin copolymer has good compatibility with polypropylene and polyethylene, can be used as a compatilizer between polypropylene and polyethylene in the supporting layer, and can increase the interlayer bonding force between the supporting layer and the heat sealing layer due to the fact that the supporting layer and the heat sealing layer both have the alpha olefin copolymer. Further, when the content of the polyethylene in the support layer is less than 1 part by weight, the content of the polypropylene in the support layer is too high, the manufacturing cost is high, and the low temperature resistance and the electrical insulation performance are poor; when the content of the polyethylene in the support layer is greater than 10 parts by weight, the support layer structure is prone to collapse during lamination, which is not favorable for maintaining the effective insulation thickness of the back sheet.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the supporting layer may further include a nucleating agent, and the nucleating amount of the polyethylene and polypropylene composition in the crystallization process can be adjusted, the crystallization temperature can be increased, the spherulite can be refined or the crystal form can be changed by adding the nucleating agent, so that the transparency, the glossiness, the strength, the rigidity, the heat resistance and the molding period of the supporting layer can be adjusted, and the supporting layer has specific performance.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the kind of the alpha olefin copolymer in the support layer is not particularly limited, and for example, the alpha olefin copolymer in the support layer may include at least one of an ethylene-alpha olefin copolymer and a propylene-alpha olefin copolymer. According to some embodiments of the invention, the polyethylene in the support layer may comprise at least one of high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, and linear low density polyethylene. According to other embodiments of the present invention, the polypropylene in the support layer may comprise at least one of isotactic polypropylene, block polypropylene, and random co-polypropylene.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the composition of the heat-seal layer is not particularly limited, for example, the heat-seal layer may include: 70-90 parts of polyolefin, 3-15 parts of alpha olefin copolymer, 10-20 parts of ionomer and 1-5 parts of anti-aging agent. When the main resin of the heat-sealing layer is polypropylene, the heat-sealing layer has the advantages of easily available raw materials and low price, the polypropylene has a relatively high melting point and good heat resistance, and the polypropylene is used as the main resin of the heat-sealing layer, so that the backboard can be ensured to have a high effective insulation thickness retention rate in the assembly production process. In addition, the heat sealing layer also contains a small amount of polyethylene and alpha olefin copolymer, the polyethylene is low in price, and the polyethylene can effectively improve the low temperature resistance and the electric insulation performance of the polypropylene material, so that the heat sealing layer is more suitable for being used as a back plate composition structure of the solar cell back plate. The alpha olefin copolymer has good compatibility with polypropylene and polyethylene, when the polyolefin in the heat sealing layer is a composition of polyethylene and polypropylene, the alpha olefin copolymer can be used as a compatilizer between the polypropylene and the polyethylene in the heat sealing layer, and the alpha olefin copolymer can also increase the interlayer bonding force between the support layer and the heat sealing layer because the support layer and the heat sealing layer both have the alpha olefin copolymer.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the polyolefin composition in the heat-seal layer is not particularly limited, for example, the polyolefin in the heat-seal layer may include at least one of polyethylene and polypropylene, wherein the polypropylene may include at least one of random copolymer polypropylene and ternary copolymer polypropylene, and the polyethylene may include at least one of high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, and linear low density polyethylene. From this, can improve the structural stability of photovoltaic backplate. Preferably, the polyolefin in the heat-seal layer may be a combination of polyethylene and polypropylene, wherein the weight ratio of polypropylene to polyethylene in the polyolefin is (70-40): (30-60), further, when the polypropylene in the polyolefin is at least one of random copolymer polypropylene and ternary copolymer polypropylene, the content of the polypropylene in the polyolefin can be more than 80 wt%, when the content of the polypropylene in the polyolefin of the heat sealing layer is lower, the content of the polyethylene in the polyolefin of the heat sealing layer is correspondingly increased, and when the content of the polyethylene is too large, the heat sealing layer structure is easy to collapse during lamination, and the effective insulation thickness of the back plate is not maintained.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the kind of the α -olefin copolymer in the heat-seal layer is not particularly limited, for example, the α -olefin copolymer in the heat-seal layer may include at least one of an ethylene- α -olefin copolymer and a propylene- α -olefin copolymer
According to some embodiments of the invention, the ionomer in the heat seal layer is a metal cationic polymer. Specifically, the ionomer can be obtained by polymerizing a metal cation with a polyolefin, and the ionomer has the characteristics of low crystallinity, good transparency, high extensibility and elasticity, high tensile strength and high impact strength.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, a slipping agent may be further included in the heat-sealing layer, so that static and dynamic friction factors of the heat-sealing layer can be reduced.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the anti-aging agent may delay aging of the photovoltaic backsheet, thereby extending the service life of the photovoltaic backsheet. The weathering layer, the first transition layer, the second transition layer, the support layer and the heat seal layer may each have an aging inhibitor, and specifically, the aging inhibitor may include at least one of an acid absorbent, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorbent, a light stabilizer and a radical quencher. Further, the radical quencher may be a hindered amine light stabilizer; the acid absorbent may be calcium stearate; the antioxidant may include at least one of a hindered phenol type antioxidant, a phosphite type antioxidant and a thioester type antioxidant, wherein the antioxidant is preferably at least one of [ beta- (3 ', 5 ' -di-tert-butyl-4 ' -hydroxyphenyl) propionate ] pentaerythritol ester and tris (2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the aging resistor may be a mixture of a light stabilizer and an ultraviolet absorber. The ultraviolet absorbent can absorb the ultraviolet part in sunlight and a fluorescent light source, and the ultraviolet absorbent does not change, so that the light aging influence of ultraviolet on the photovoltaic backboard is reduced. When the anti-aging agent contains the ultraviolet absorbent and the light stabilizer, the ultraviolet absorbent effect which cannot be achieved by a single ultraviolet absorbent can be achieved. Namely, when the anti-aging agent contains the ultraviolet absorber and the light stabilizer, the ultraviolet absorption effect of the photovoltaic back plate can be effectively improved, the photodegradation effect is inhibited or weakened, the yellowing and the loss of the retardation physical property of the photovoltaic back plate are effectively prevented, the photodegradation effect is inhibited or weakened, and the light aging resistance is improved. Specifically, the ultraviolet absorber may be a triazine-based ultraviolet absorber. The light stabilizer may be a hindered amine light stabilizer.
In the application, on the premise that the photovoltaic back sheet is provided with the weather-resistant layer, the first transition layer, the second transition layer, the support layer and the heat-sealing layer, a functional layer can be added between the layers to further improve the performance of the photovoltaic back sheet.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the photovoltaic backsheet 1 may further comprise: an ultraviolet shielding layer 10, the ultraviolet shielding layer 10 may be located between the weathering layer 100 and the first transition layer 200, the ultraviolet shielding layer 10 including an ultraviolet absorber. The ultraviolet resistance of the photovoltaic back plate can be further improved through the arrangement of the ultraviolet shielding layer 10, so that the light aging influence of ultraviolet rays on the photovoltaic back plate is reduced. Specifically, the composition of the ultraviolet shielding layer may refer to the composition of the weather-resistant layer or the first transition layer, and an appropriate amount of an ultraviolet absorber may be additionally added.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, referring to fig. 3, the photovoltaic backsheet 1 may further include a rigid lifting layer 20, and the rigid lifting layer 20 may be located between the second transition layer 300 and the supporting layer 400; alternatively, referring to fig. 4, rigid lifting layer 20 may also be positioned between support layer 400 and heat seal layer 500; alternatively, a rigidity-enhancing layer 20 may be disposed between both the second transition layer 300 and the support layer 400 and between the support layer 400 and the heat-seal layer 500. Therefore, the structural stability of the photovoltaic back sheet can be further improved through the arrangement of the rigid lifting layer.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the rigid lifting layer may be homopolypropylene, an alpha olefin copolymer, and an anti-aging agent. Therefore, the structural stability of the photovoltaic back sheet can be further improved.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of each film layer in the photovoltaic back sheet is not particularly limited, for example, the thickness of the weather-resistant layer may be 15 to 50 μm, the thickness of the first transition layer may be 5 to 20 μm, the thickness of the second transition layer may be 5 to 15 μm, the thickness of the support layer may be 150 to 400 μm, and the thickness of the heat-sealing layer may be 20 to 50 μm. Therefore, the photovoltaic back plate with moderate thickness, better weather resistance and interlayer bonding force can be obtained.
In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for preparing the aforementioned photovoltaic backsheet, comprising: forming a photovoltaic backsheet from a first polymeric composition, a second polymeric composition, a third polymeric composition, a fourth polymeric composition, and a fifth polymeric composition by a coextrusion process, the first polymeric composition forming a weatherable layer of the photovoltaic backsheet, the second polymeric composition forming a first transition layer of the photovoltaic backsheet, the third polymeric composition forming a second transition layer of the photovoltaic backsheet, the fourth polymeric composition forming a support layer of the photovoltaic backsheet, and the fifth polymeric composition forming a heat seal layer of the photovoltaic backsheet, wherein the second polymeric composition and the first polymeric composition comprise the same components, the third polymeric composition and the second polymeric composition comprise the same components, and the third polymeric composition and the fourth polymeric composition comprise the same components. Compared with the traditional backboard production process, such as a coating process and a composite process, the co-extrusion process has the advantages that: the co-extrusion process is to extrude a plurality of polymer compositions in a plurality of extruders at the same time, and the polymer compositions are formed at one time without double-sided processing, thereby saving the working hours and the labor cost; in the production process of the coating process backboard, the composite adhesive and the coating layer are dissolved by the solvent, the solvent is volatilized in the production process to influence the environment, and the co-extrusion process is free of the solvent and is more environment-friendly; in the multilayer coextrusion process, the thickness of each layer and the raw material formula can be flexibly adjusted according to needs, materials of each layer are cast onto a sizing roller through a multilayer coextrusion die head, and the photovoltaic back panel can be prepared through trimming and rolling, so that the photovoltaic back panel with moderate thickness and adjustable components can be obtained. The photovoltaic backsheet has all the features and advantages of the previous photovoltaic backsheet, which are not described in detail herein.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the temperature of the co-extrusion process is not particularly limited, and in particular, the temperature of the co-extrusion process may be 170-250 degrees celsius, and when the temperature of the co-extrusion process is less than 170 degrees celsius, the materials forming the photovoltaic back sheet cannot be sufficiently melt blended, and the co-extruded film layer cannot be formed. When the temperature of the co-extrusion process is higher than 250 ℃, the melt flowability of the material for forming the photovoltaic back panel is too high, which is not beneficial to forming the co-extruded film layer or the obtained co-extruded film layer has the phenomenon of interlayer mutual insertion, and the use requirement of the photovoltaic back panel cannot be met.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the extrusion rod rotation speed of the co-extrusion process is not particularly limited, and in particular, the extrusion rod rotation speed of the co-extrusion process may be 200-300 r/min. When the rotating speed of the extrusion rod in the co-extrusion process is less than 200r/min, the rotating speed of the extrusion rod is too slow, the consumed time is long, and the thickness of the formed photovoltaic backboard is thin and cannot meet the requirement on weather resistance of the photovoltaic backboard in the using process. When the rotating speed of an extrusion rod of the co-extrusion process is more than 300r/min, the thickness of the formed photovoltaic back plate is thick, and raw materials are wasted.
In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a photovoltaic module, referring to fig. 5, including: the photovoltaic front plate comprises a photovoltaic front plate 4, a first hot-melt adhesive film layer 3, the first hot-melt adhesive film layer 3 is located on one side of the photovoltaic front plate 4, a battery piece 5, the battery piece 5 is located on one side, away from the photovoltaic front plate 4, of the first hot-melt adhesive film layer 3, a second hot-melt adhesive film layer 2, the second hot-melt adhesive film layer 2 is located on one side, away from the first hot-melt adhesive film layer 3, of the battery piece 5, a photovoltaic back plate 1, the photovoltaic back plate 1 is located on one side, away from the battery piece 5, of the second hot-melt adhesive film layer 2, a heat sealing layer of the photovoltaic back plate 1 is in contact with the second hot-melt adhesive film layer 2, and the photovoltaic back plate is the photovoltaic back plate or a photovoltaic back plate prepared by the method, wherein the photovoltaic front plate is in contact with a solar surface and can be a glass plate. Therefore, the photovoltaic module has all the characteristics and advantages of the photovoltaic back plate and the method for preparing the photovoltaic back plate, and the details are not repeated herein.
The following examples are provided to illustrate the present invention (the amounts of the following formulations are in parts by weight) and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, where specific techniques or conditions are not indicated, are to be construed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available.
In examples 1-7 and comparative examples 1-5, the compositions of the first polymeric composition (weatherable layer), the fourth polymeric composition (support layer), and the fifth polymeric composition (heat-seal layer) remained unchanged, see in particular table 1:
TABLE 1
In examples 1-7 and comparative examples 1-5, the compositions of the second polymeric composition (first transition layer), the third polymeric composition (second transition layer) are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
The first polymeric composition (weathering layer), the second polymeric composition (first transition layer), the third polymeric composition (second transition layer), the fourth polymeric composition (support layer) and the fifth polymeric composition (heat-seal layer) were mixed and fed to an extruder according to the formulations in tables 1 and 2, examples and comparative examples, respectively, melt extruded in an extruder screw and extruded through a T-die five-stage extruder (casting method) with the processing parameters as shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
The photovoltaic back plate with the five-layer structure is prepared by the coextrusion process, and the performance of the photovoltaic back plate is tested according to the following test standards:
1. and (3) testing light transmittance: the test was carried out according to GB/T2410-2008.
2. The interlayer adhesion testing method comprises the following steps: after the back plate is prepared, the first layer of the back plate is peeled off, and then the test is carried out according to item 6.7 in GB/T31034 and 2014, and the test is carried out by using an universal tensile machine with the model number of ETM-104B.
PCT aging method: according to item 6.18 in GB/T31034-2014, the test temperature is 121 ℃, the pressure is 2atm, the balance is carried out after aging for 48 hours, and then the test is carried out.
The test results are shown in table 4:
TABLE 4
The results show that the photovoltaic back sheets in examples 1 to 7 have higher interlayer adhesion force, which is greater than 4N/cm, through the arrangement of the first transition layer and the second transition layer, and after the PCT aging test, the interlayer adhesion force is still greater than 3.5N/cm, no delamination appears, and the weather resistance is better. In addition, the arrangement of the first transition layer and the second transition layer in the photovoltaic back sheets in examples 1 to 7 does not greatly affect the light transmittance of the photovoltaic back sheet, and the light transmittance can be still maintained to be greater than 85%, so that the use requirement is met.
The photovoltaic back sheets of comparative examples 1-5, although having a transmittance that meets the use requirements, had interlayer adhesion that does not meet the use requirements, and had poor appearance after PCT aging, local delamination or whitening, and poor weatherability of comparative examples 1, 2, and 5. The interlayer adhesion of comparative examples 3 and 4 satisfied the use requirements before PCT aging, but was significantly reduced after PCT aging, and was seen to be less weather resistant.
To sum up, the photovoltaic backplate in this application is for passing through the fluorine-containing coextrusion photovoltaic backplate of crowded technology preparation with fluorine-containing material and polyolefin material, and this photovoltaic backplate had both had the excellent weatherability of fluorine-containing material, and through the setting of first transition layer and second transition layer in the backplate again for have excellent interlayer adhesion between resistant layer and the supporting layer in the backplate, and is special, after the experiment of cooking at high temperature, the interlayer adhesion between resistant layer and the supporting layer does not reduce, and the apparent does not have the swell layering phenomenon.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention but do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Reference throughout this specification to the description of "one embodiment," "another embodiment," or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, various embodiments or examples and features of various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without being mutually inconsistent.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (19)
1. A photovoltaic backsheet, comprising:
a weatherable layer;
a first transition layer on one side of the weathering layer;
a second transition layer located on a side of the first transition layer away from the weathering layer;
the supporting layer is positioned on one side, far away from the first transition layer, of the second transition layer;
the heat sealing layer is positioned on one side of the supporting layer far away from the second transition layer,
wherein the first transition layer and the weatherable layer contain the same components, the second transition layer and the first transition layer contain the same components, and the second transition layer and the support layer contain the same components.
2. The photovoltaic backsheet according to claim 1, wherein the weatherable layer comprises: 55-89 parts of polyvinylidene fluoride polymer, 5-20 parts of polymethacrylate resin, 5-20 parts of toughening agent and 0.5-5 parts of anti-aging agent.
3. The photovoltaic backsheet according to claim 1, wherein the first transition layer comprises: 39-71 parts of polyvinylidene fluoride polymer, 20-40 parts of polymethacrylate resin, 8-16 parts of toughening agent and 0.5-5 parts of anti-aging agent.
4. The photovoltaic backsheet according to claim 1, wherein the second transition layer comprises: 50-60 parts of polymethacrylate resin, 20-30 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 10-20 parts of alpha olefin copolymer and 0.5-5 parts of anti-aging agent.
5. The photovoltaic backsheet according to claim 1, wherein the support layer comprises: 1-10 parts of polyethylene, 75-85 parts of polypropylene, 1-10 parts of alpha olefin copolymer and 1-5 parts of anti-aging agent.
6. The photovoltaic backsheet according to claim 1, wherein said heat seal layer comprises: 70-90 parts of polyolefin, 3-15 parts of alpha olefin copolymer, 10-20 parts of ionomer and 1-5 parts of anti-aging agent.
7. The photovoltaic backsheet according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the polyvinylidene fluoride polymer comprises at least one of a homopolymer and a copolymer;
optionally, the toughening agent is a silicon-acrylic toughening agent, which is a core-shell structure.
8. The photovoltaic backsheet according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the polymethacrylate resin has a melt flow rate of 10 to 20g/10min at 230 ℃ under 3.8 kg.
9. The photovoltaic backsheet according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the alpha olefin copolymer has a melt flow rate of 0.5 to 15g/10min measured at 190 ℃ under 2.16 kg;
optionally, the alpha olefin copolymer comprises at least one of an ethylene-alpha olefin copolymer and a propylene-alpha olefin copolymer.
10. The photovoltaic backsheet according to claim 4, wherein the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has a vinyl acetate content of 15 to 35 wt.%.
11. The photovoltaic backsheet according to claim 5, wherein the polyethylene comprises at least one of high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, and linear low density polyethylene;
optionally, the polypropylene comprises at least one of isotactic polypropylene, block polypropylene, and random copolymerized propylene.
12. The photovoltaic backsheet of claim 6 wherein the polyolefin comprises at least one of polyethylene and polypropylene, wherein the polypropylene comprises at least one of random and terpolypropylene, and wherein the polyethylene comprises at least one of high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, and linear low density polyethylene;
preferably, the polyolefin is a combination of polyethylene and polypropylene, and the weight ratio of the polypropylene to the polyethylene in the polyolefin is (70-40): (30-60);
optionally, the ionomer is a metal cationic polymer.
13. The photovoltaic backsheet according to any one of claims 2-6, wherein the aging resistors comprise at least one of acid absorbers, antioxidants, UV absorbers, light stabilizers and radical quenchers;
optionally, the ultraviolet absorber is a triazine ultraviolet absorber;
optionally, the light stabilizer is a hindered amine light stabilizer;
preferably, the aging resistor is a mixture of the light stabilizer and the ultraviolet absorber.
14. The photovoltaic backsheet according to claim 1, further comprising: the ultraviolet shielding layer is located between the weather-resistant layer and the first transition layer and comprises an ultraviolet absorbent.
15. The photovoltaic backsheet of claim 1 further comprising a rigid lifting layer positioned between the second transition layer and the support layer;
optionally, the rigidity-enhancing layer is located between the support layer and the heat-seal layer;
preferably, the rigid lifting layer includes homo-polypropylene, an alpha olefin copolymer and an anti-aging agent.
16. The photovoltaic backsheet according to claim 1, wherein the weatherable layer has a thickness of 15 to 50 μm, the first transition layer has a thickness of 5 to 20 μm, the second transition layer has a thickness of 5 to 15 μm, the support layer has a thickness of 150-400 μm, and the heat-seal layer has a thickness of 20 to 50 μm.
17. A method of making the photovoltaic backsheet of any one of claims 1-16 comprising:
forming the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth polymeric compositions into a photovoltaic backsheet via a coextrusion process,
the first polymeric composition forms a weatherable layer of the photovoltaic backsheet, the second polymeric composition forms a first transition layer of the photovoltaic backsheet, the third polymeric composition forms a second transition layer of the photovoltaic backsheet, the fourth polymeric composition forms a support layer of the photovoltaic backsheet, the fifth polymeric composition forms a heat seal layer of the photovoltaic backsheet,
wherein the second polymeric composition contains the same components as the first polymeric composition, the third polymeric composition contains the same components as the second polymeric composition, and the third polymeric composition contains the same components as the fourth polymeric composition.
18. The method as claimed in claim 17, wherein the temperature of the co-extrusion process is 170-250 ℃, and the rotation speed of the extrusion rod of the co-extrusion process is 200-300 r/min.
19. A photovoltaic module, comprising:
a photovoltaic front-plate,
a first hot melt adhesive film layer positioned on one side of the photovoltaic front plate,
the cell piece is positioned on one side of the first hot melt adhesive film layer far away from the photovoltaic front plate,
a second hot melt adhesive film layer, wherein the second hot melt adhesive film layer is positioned on one side of the battery piece far away from the first hot melt adhesive film layer,
a photovoltaic back sheet, wherein the photovoltaic back sheet is positioned on the side of the second hot-melt adhesive film layer far away from the cell sheet, the heat sealing layer of the photovoltaic back sheet is in contact with the second hot-melt adhesive film layer, and the photovoltaic back sheet is the photovoltaic back sheet of any one of claims 1 to 16 or the photovoltaic back sheet prepared by the method of claim 17 or 18.
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