CN114441177A - Method, system and equipment for quantitatively evaluating engine noise based on signal modulation - Google Patents
Method, system and equipment for quantitatively evaluating engine noise based on signal modulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN114441177A CN114441177A CN202210114032.9A CN202210114032A CN114441177A CN 114441177 A CN114441177 A CN 114441177A CN 202210114032 A CN202210114032 A CN 202210114032A CN 114441177 A CN114441177 A CN 114441177A
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for evaluating the noise of an automobile engine, which applies different loads to a sample engine, synchronously collects a microphone noise signal and an engine rotating speed signal, and determines a rough sound frequency distribution range; obtaining a modulation depth cloud chart of the noise signal in the rough sound frequency range according to the engine rotating speed signal, and determining the modulation order of the rough sound of the engine according to the modulation depth cloud chart; calculating the modulation amount corresponding to the modulation order of the engine at different rotating speeds, and determining the engine noise evaluation index under the modulation amount corresponding to the modulation order; applying different loads corresponding to the sample engine to the engine to be evaluated, calculating the noise modulation amount corresponding to the modulation order of the engine to be evaluated according to the noise signal and the rotating speed signal, comparing the noise modulation amount with the evaluation index, and confirming the rough sound perception degree of the engine to be evaluated. By formulating effective bench management and control indexes, rough sound complaints generated when an engine is carried on a vehicle are avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of automobile NVH (Noise Vibration Harshness), and particularly relates to an automobile engine Noise evaluation method.
Background
With the increasingly wide application of automobiles in daily life, people not only gradually improve the requirements on the performances of automobiles, but also increasingly demand the perception of the quality of dynamic sound. For a high-power engine with a balance shaft, the half-order vibration of the engine and the vibration of the balance shaft generate an amplitude modulation phenomenon, and rough sound with poor sound quality is radiated. If such rough sound is transmitted into the vehicle, it may cause discomfort to the customer and cause complaints, and there are problems of great difficulty in post-correction, long cycle and high cost. Therefore, how to objectively quantify and manage the rough sound in the stage of bench development is one of the challenges in engine sound quality design.
CN112326267A discloses a method and a system for confirming an acceleration rough sound influence result, which determine an initial noise frequency corresponding to a wide-frequency resonance band of a current vehicle according to identification and noise playback of an acceleration noise cloud image resonance band, and further determine an influence of acceleration rough sound. CN104102803B discloses a roughness information processing method for vehicle noise quality, which generally uses roughness model in psychoacoustics, but the roughness has not formed a uniform international or national standard until now. The reciprocating engine has typical order modulation characteristics, and the application of related engineering cases shows that the correlation between the objective calculation result of the roughness and the subjective evaluation of the rough sound of the engine is not high, and one of the main reasons is that the roughness model does not specifically consider the order modulation characteristics of the rotary machine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an objective evaluation method of order modulation quantity aiming at the technical problems that the order modulation characteristics of a rotary machine are not taken into consideration in a targeted manner in a roughness model in the prior art, and avoids rough complaints when an engine is carried on a vehicle by formulating effective bench management and control indexes.
The invention provides a method for quantitatively evaluating the rough sound of an engine based on signal modulation, which comprises the following steps of applying different loads to a sample engine, and increasing the rotating speed of the engine to a rated rotating speed at a fixed rising rate; synchronously acquiring a microphone noise signal and an engine rotating speed signal; filtering and replaying the acquired noise signals, and determining a coarse sound frequency distribution range; obtaining a modulation depth cloud chart of the noise signal in the rough sound frequency range according to the engine rotating speed signal, and determining the modulation order of the rough sound of the engine according to the modulation depth cloud chart; calculating the modulation amount corresponding to the modulation order of the engine at different rotating speeds, and determining the engine noise evaluation index under the modulation amount corresponding to the modulation order; applying different loads corresponding to the sample engine to the engine to be evaluated, increasing the loads to a rated rotating speed at a fixed increasing rate, synchronously acquiring a noise signal and a rotating speed signal of a microphone, calculating to obtain a noise modulation amount corresponding to the modulation order, comparing the noise modulation amount with an evaluation index, and confirming the rough sound perception degree of the engine to be evaluated.
Preferably, the sensor is connected between the engine and the data acquisition front end, the microphone is fixed at a position 25cm below an engine oil pan, a rotating speed signal is read through an engine ECU, and the data acquisition front end interacts with the engine through a CAN signal.
Further preferably, the sampling rate of the noise signal is not less than 25600Hz, and the sampling rate of the rotation speed signal is not less than 200 Hz.
Further preferably, the modulation order is determined through the relation between the modulation frequency and the rotating speed, according to the cloud chart, the modulation depth is most obvious at the noise 0.5 order, and the modulation order of the noise 0.5 order is determined to be the modulation order of the rough sound of the engine.
The invention also provides a system for quantitatively evaluating the noise of the automobile engine based on signal modulation, wherein a sample/engine to be tested is connected with a dynamometer through a connecting shaft, a sensor is connected between the sample/engine to be tested and a data acquisition front end, a microphone is fixed below an oil pan of the sample/engine to be tested, a rotating speed signal is read through an engine ECU (electronic control Unit), the data acquisition front end interacts with the engine through a CAN (controller area network) signal, different loads are applied to the sample engine, and the rotating speed of the sample engine is increased to a rated rotating speed at a fixed increasing rate; synchronously acquiring a microphone noise signal and a sample engine rotating speed signal; filtering and replaying the acquired noise signals, and determining a coarse sound frequency distribution range; acquiring a modulation depth cloud chart of a noise signal in the rough sound frequency range according to the sample engine rotating speed signal, and determining the modulation order of the rough sound of the sample engine according to the modulation depth cloud chart; calculating the modulation amount corresponding to the modulation order of the sample engine at different rotating speeds, and determining the engine noise evaluation index under the modulation amount corresponding to the modulation order; applying different loads corresponding to the sample engine to the engine to be evaluated, increasing the loads to a rated rotating speed at a fixed increasing rate, synchronously acquiring a noise signal and a rotating speed signal of a microphone, calculating to obtain a noise modulation amount corresponding to the modulation order, comparing the noise modulation amount with an evaluation index, and confirming the rough sound perception degree of the engine to be evaluated.
The invention utilizes signal modulation to establish an objective evaluation method and a control index of the engine rough sound, and based on the typical order modulation characteristics of a reciprocating engine, a roughness test model is constructed in a targeted manner by considering the order modulation characteristics of a rotating machine. The method determines the accurate rough sound modulation amount, can effectively evaluate the influence of the rough sound of the engine on the human psychology so as to carry out early management and control in the engine development stage, and avoid the problems of great difficulty in later-stage rectification, long period and high cost caused by the fact that the engine complains of the rough sound when being carried on a vehicle.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the steps of the method;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the engine and microphone placement;
FIG. 3 is a noise modulated depth cloud map of the engine;
making 0.5-order modulation quantity and control indexes of different model noises with 425% load and 100% load;
and 5, comparing the 0.5-order noise modulation quantity of the engine to be evaluated with the control index.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and the specific examples.
In the usual speed range of the engine, the modulation frequency corresponding to the 0.5 order modulation phenomenon is about 10-40Hz, and is in the transition modulation frequency band of psychoacoustic "jitter" and "coarse". The modulation depth is the ratio of the difference between the maximum amplitude and the minimum amplitude of the modulated wave to the sum of the maximum amplitude and the minimum amplitude of the carrier wave, and as the ratio increases, the human ear perceives a rough sound. The invention provides an objective evaluation method for determining the accurate modulation order according to the modulation depth cloud picture and based on the modulation amount corresponding to the accurate modulation order by combining the analysis, and avoids the rough complaint generated when the engine is carried on the vehicle by formulating an effective control index.
Therefore, the technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps: applying different loads to a sample engine, and increasing the engine speed to a rated speed at a fixed rising rate; synchronously acquiring a noise signal of a microphone and an engine rotating speed signal; filtering and replaying the acquired noise signals, and determining the distribution range of the rough sound frequency; obtaining a modulation depth cloud chart of a noise signal in the coarse sound frequency range according to the engine rotating speed signal, and determining that the 0.5-order modulation phenomenon of the engine is most obvious according to the cloud chart; further calculating to obtain modulation amounts corresponding to the modulation orders of the engine at different rotating speeds; setting a control index under the modulation amount corresponding to the modulation order; applying different loads to the engine to be evaluated, increasing the load to a rated rotating speed at a fixed increasing rate, synchronously acquiring a noise signal and a rotating speed signal of a microphone, calculating to obtain the modulation amount of the rough sound under the modulation order, comparing the modulation amount with a control index, and confirming the rough sound perception degree of the engine to be evaluated.
Specifically, the following method can be used. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the process for evaluating the noise of an automobile engine according to the present invention,
preparation before testing:
and S1, constructing a semi-anechoic chamber or a full anechoic chamber of the engine, and mounting the engine to a test bench.
The test environment is a semi-anechoic chamber or a full-anechoic chamber, the test site must be in the semi-anechoic chamber or the full-anechoic chamber of the engine, the temperature of the test environment is relatively constant, the temperature is maintained at 18-25 ℃, and the air inlet noise and the exhaust noise are led out; the engine is in a complete state, is arranged on the test bench, is connected with the dynamometer through the transmission shaft, and is ignited to normally work. The engine is mounted on the test bench by adopting an elastic support and is connected with the water pipeline and the oil pipeline to ensure that the lubricating oil and the cooling water level of the engine are normal, the engine is connected with the dynamometer through the transmission shaft, all the joints of the engine are normal and firm, the error of the axle center of the transmission shaft of the engine and the transmission shaft of the dynamometer is less than 2mm, and the engine is ignited to work normally. Wherein the generator of the engine is in the working state, the compressor is in the non-working state; the dynamometer can be an electric dynamometer and can also be other dynamometers which can meet the function of controlling the torque and the rotating speed of the engine.
The sample engine and the engine to be tested were tested on the engine test rig under the conditions described above.
S2, sensor arrangement and test system setup
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the arrangement positions of the motor and the microphone. The engine is connected with the dynamometer through a connecting shaft, the sensor is connected between the engine and the data acquisition front end, the microphone is fixed at the position 25cm below an engine oil pan, and a rotating speed signal is read through an engine ECU (electronic control Unit), wherein the sampling rate of a noise signal is not less than 25600Hz, the sampling rate of the rotating speed signal is not less than 200Hz, and the data acquisition front end is interacted with the engine through a CAN (controller area network) signal.
The microphone is arranged at a position 25cm under an engine oil bottom shell, and meanwhile, an engine CAN signal is led out and is used for reading an engine rotating speed signal and inputting the engine rotating speed signal to the front end of data acquisition. The frequency response of the microphone at least covers 20 Hz-20000 Hz, the microphone is calibrated before testing, the difference of sensitivity values of two continuous calibrations is less than 0.02mV/Pa, the sampling rate of noise signals is not less than 25600Hz, the sampling rate of rotating speed signals is not less than 200Hz, and the data acquisition system can use the data acquisition Front End of LMS SCM202 Front-End of Siemens.
And S3, testing the sample engine, and acquiring the noise signal of the microphone and the engine speed signal.
Applying different levels of loads to a sample engine, and increasing the engine speed to the rated speed at a fixed increasing rate, for example, increasing the engine speed to the rated speed from 1000rpm at the fixed increasing rate (50 r/s-100 r/s) under the conditions of 25% load, 50% load, 75% load and 100% load of the engine respectively; synchronously acquiring a noise signal of a microphone and an engine rotating speed signal (a rotating speed tracking mode can be adopted as a data acquisition mode); and obtaining a noise signal and a rotating speed signal required by calculation.
In order to obtain a more accurate result, for example, a plurality of groups (for example, 3 groups) of sample engine test data are collected under each test working condition, the consistency of the data is checked, if the consistency of the data is poor, the data is retested, and finally a group of data with good data consistency is selected.
S4, analyzing data and making evaluation index
And filtering and replaying the acquired noise signal and the acquired rotating speed signal, determining the frequency range of the rough sound, calculating a modulation depth cloud chart of the noise signal in the frequency range according to the rotating speed signal of the engine, and obtaining the modulation order of the engine when the modulation phenomenon is most obvious according to the cloud chart. The method specifically comprises the following steps: hilbert transformation is carried out on the filtered time domain data in the rough sound frequency range, and an absolute value is taken to obtain an envelope function E: e ═ Hilbert [ T ═ T]Where T is the filtered time domain data in the coarse acoustic frequency range,
wherein, FnFor the corresponding frequency spectrum, A0Amplitude corresponding to 0Hz, AiAmplitude, f, corresponding to non-zero frequencyiTo analyze the frequency, t represents time,
indicating the phase then, according to A0And AiThe modulation depth D is calculated and,
according to the cloud chart, the modulation quantity is most obvious at 0.5 order of noise, and the 0.5 order is determined as the modulation order of accurate rough sound.
Aiming at collected noise signals and rotating speed signals of different engines, modulation amounts corresponding to modulation orders in a rough sound frequency range are respectively calculated, a database is established, evaluation indexes are determined, 0.5-order modulation amount is set into three areas, 0-20dB is a region which is not easy to perceive, 20-30dB is a region which is slight to perceive, and more than 30dB is an obvious perception region.
According to the sound pressure level L of the noise in the rough sound frequency range, calling a formula:
the modulation amount is calculated.
S5, applying different grades of loads corresponding to the sample engine to the engine to be evaluated, increasing the rotating speed of the engine to the rated rotating speed at a fixed rising rate, synchronously acquiring a noise signal of a microphone and a rotating speed signal of the engine to be evaluated, calculating a noise modulation amount corresponding to a modulation order according to the noise signal and the rotating speed signal, comparing the noise modulation amount with an evaluation index, and confirming the rough sound perception degree of the engine to be evaluated.
The following detailed description of the practice of the invention refers to the accompanying specific examples:
for example, three engines in the database are used as sample engines, and noise signals and engine speed signals at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% load and at a fixed acceleration rate of 50r/s are measured. And filtering and replaying the noise signal, determining that the rough sound distribution range is 1000Hz-4000Hz, and further calculating a modulation depth three-dimensional graph of the noise signal in the rough sound frequency distribution range (such as 1000Hz-4000Hz) according to the rotating speed signal of the engine.
As shown in fig. 3, which is a noise modulation depth cloud chart of the engine, the modulation order is determined by the relationship between the modulation frequency and the rotation speed, and the modulation depth of 0.5 order is most obvious. Therefore, it is known that the 0.5 order modulation phenomenon of the engine acceleration noise with high power and a balance shaft is the most obvious and is the main influence factor of the harshness sound.
As shown in fig. 4, which is a schematic diagram comparing the modulation amounts of 0.5 order of noise of different models with 25% load and 100% load with the control index, it can be known that the modulation amounts of 0.5 order of noise are in a region iii and the rough sound is not easily perceived under the 25% load condition of the three engines; under the 100% load working condition, the maximum value of the 0.5-order modulation quantity of the noise of the engine 1 is in a region I, the rough statement is obvious to sense, the maximum value of the 0.5-order modulation quantity of the noise of the engine 2 is in a region II, the rough sound is slightly sensed, the maximum value of the 0.5-order modulation quantity of the noise of the engine 3 is in a region III, and the rough sound is not easy to sense.
The noise signals under 25% load condition are played back, and the rough sound of the three engines is not obvious. And playing back the noise signal under the 100% load working condition, wherein the rough statement of the engine 1 is obviously sensed, the rough sound of the engine 2 is slightly sensed, and the rough sound of the engine 3 is not easily sensed. Consistent with the objective evaluation results.
Testing the noise signal and the rotating speed signal of the engine 4 to be evaluated at 25% load, 50% load, 75% load and 100% load, and increasing from 1000rpm to the rated rotating speed at a 50r/s increasing rate to obtain the noise modulation amount of 0.5 order, as shown in fig. 5, a comparison schematic diagram of the noise modulation amount of 0.5 order of the engine 4 to be evaluated and the control index is shown. Compared with the control index of the noise 0.5-order modulation amount, the rough sound of the engine 4 in the acceleration process of 25% load and 50% load can be slightly sensed, and the rough sound is obviously sensed in the acceleration process of 75% load and 100% load.
In the embodiment, the 0.5-order modulation quantity of the noise is calculated by testing the noise near the oil pan of the engine and the engine rotating speed signal, and the 0.5-order modulation quantity of the noise is compared with the evaluation index to determine the perception degree of the rough sound of the engine.
Claims (8)
1. A method for quantitatively evaluating the noise of an automobile engine based on signal modulation is characterized by comprising the steps of applying different loads to a sample engine, and increasing the rotating speed of the engine to a rated rotating speed at a fixed rising rate; synchronously acquiring a microphone noise signal and an engine rotating speed signal; filtering and replaying the acquired noise signals, and determining a coarse sound frequency distribution range; obtaining a modulation depth cloud chart of the noise signal in the coarse sound frequency range according to the engine rotating speed signal, and determining the modulation order of the engine according to the modulation depth cloud chart; calculating the modulation amount corresponding to the modulation order of the engine at different rotating speeds, and determining the engine noise evaluation index under the modulation amount corresponding to the modulation order; applying different loads corresponding to the sample engine to the engine to be evaluated, increasing the loads to a rated rotating speed at a fixed increasing rate, synchronously acquiring a noise signal and a rotating speed signal of a microphone, calculating to obtain a noise modulation amount corresponding to the modulation order, comparing the noise modulation amount with an evaluation index, and confirming the rough sound perception degree of the engine to be evaluated.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor is connected between the engine and the data acquisition front end, the microphone is fixed 25cm below the engine sump, the speed signal is read by the engine ECU, and the data acquisition front end interacts with the engine via a CAN signal.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the noise signal has a sampling rate of not less than 25600Hz and the rotational speed signal has a sampling rate of not less than 200 Hz.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the modulation order is determined by the relation of modulation frequency and rotation speed, and that the modulation depth is most pronounced at the 0.5 th order of noise, and that the 0.5 th order is determined as the coarse engine sound modulation order, according to the cloud.
5. A system for quantitatively evaluating the noise of an automobile engine based on signal modulation is characterized in that a sample engine or an engine to be tested is connected with a dynamometer through a connecting shaft, a sensor is connected between the sample/engine to be tested and a data acquisition front end, a microphone is fixed 25cm below an oil pan of the sample/engine to be tested, a rotating speed signal is read through an engine ECU, the data acquisition front end interacts with the engine through a CAN signal, different loads are applied to the sample engine, and the rotating speed of the sample engine is increased to a rated rotating speed at a fixed increasing rate; synchronously acquiring a microphone noise signal and a sample engine rotating speed signal; filtering and replaying the acquired noise signals, and determining a coarse sound frequency distribution range; obtaining a modulation depth cloud chart of the noise signal in the rough sound frequency range according to the sample engine rotating speed signal, and determining the modulation order of the rough sound of the sample engine according to the modulation depth cloud chart; calculating the modulation amount corresponding to the modulation order of the sample engine at different rotating speeds, and determining the engine noise evaluation index under the modulation amount corresponding to the modulation order; applying different loads corresponding to the sample engine to the engine to be evaluated, increasing the loads to a rated rotating speed at a fixed increasing rate, synchronously acquiring a noise signal and a rotating speed signal of a microphone, calculating to obtain a noise modulation amount corresponding to the modulation order, comparing the noise modulation amount with an evaluation index, and confirming the rough sound perception degree of the engine to be evaluated.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the noise signal has a sampling rate of not less than 25600Hz and the rotational speed signal has a sampling rate of not less than 200 Hz.
7. The system according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the modulation order is determined by the relation of modulation frequency and rotation speed, and according to the cloud chart, the modulation depth is most obvious at the 0.5 th order of noise, and the 0.5 th order is determined as the modulation order of the rough sound of the engine.
8. An electronic device comprising, a processor and a memory; wherein the processor executes a program corresponding to the executable program code by reading the executable program code stored in the memory, so as to implement the method for quantitatively evaluating the noise of the automobile engine based on the signal modulation according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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| CN117894341A (en) * | 2024-03-15 | 2024-04-16 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Method, device, equipment and medium for identifying abnormal rhythm noise of engine |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115457976A (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2022-12-09 | 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 | Accelerated sound quality evaluation method, device, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN117894341A (en) * | 2024-03-15 | 2024-04-16 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Method, device, equipment and medium for identifying abnormal rhythm noise of engine |
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