CN114439565A - Fuel cell waste heat utilization system and method - Google Patents
Fuel cell waste heat utilization system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114439565A CN114439565A CN202011190551.0A CN202011190551A CN114439565A CN 114439565 A CN114439565 A CN 114439565A CN 202011190551 A CN202011190551 A CN 202011190551A CN 114439565 A CN114439565 A CN 114439565A
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- fuel cell
- working medium
- condenser
- waste heat
- vehicle
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 149
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 101
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036413 temperature sense Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
- F01K27/02—Plants modified to use their waste heat, other than that of exhaust, e.g. engine-friction heat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
- B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
- B60L58/33—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by cooling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
- H01M2250/405—Cogeneration of heat or hot water
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Abstract
The invention provides a fuel cell waste heat utilization system and a method, which comprises a liquid storage tank, a working medium pump, a fuel cell heat exchanger, a power generation module and a condenser, wherein the liquid storage tank, the working medium pump, the fuel cell heat exchanger, the power generation module and the condenser are connected in series through a pipeline to form a circulation loop, organic working media are stored in the liquid storage tank, the fuel cell heat exchanger can absorb waste heat generated by a fuel cell assembly, the organic working media are vaporized to drive the power generation module to generate power, and the condenser can cool and liquefy the vaporized organic working media. By adopting the structure, when the fuel cell assembly is in a working state, the working medium pump is started to enable the organic working medium in the liquid storage tank to circularly flow in the pipeline, the organic working medium absorbs the waste heat generated by the fuel cell assembly through the fuel cell heat exchanger, turns into a vapor state and enters the power generation module, and then drives the power generation module to generate power, so that the purpose of utilizing the waste heat of the fuel cell is achieved, and then the condenser outside the vehicle can cool the organic working medium into a liquid state to enable the organic working medium to continuously circulate in the loop.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste heat utilization of electric automobiles, in particular to a waste heat utilization system of a fuel cell.
Background
The fuel cell of the electric automobile can generate waste heat in the working process, the traditional waste heat treatment mode is that heat is directly discharged out of the automobile through the air-water heat exchanger and the heat exchange fan, and the gas with the temperature higher than the environmental temperature has the working capacity and is obviously wasted when directly discharged out of the automobile. The fuel cell of the motor bus is generally arranged in the rear cabin of the whole motor bus, the power of the fuel cell adopted by the motor bus is high, a large amount of waste heat can be generated, the temperature of the rear cabin of the motor bus can reach more than 60 ℃, and if the waste heat can be utilized, the fuel cell has great significance for energy conservation and emission reduction.
Therefore, a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art is still how to provide a system for utilizing waste heat of a fuel cell, which can utilize the waste heat generated by the fuel cell under low temperature conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fuel cell waste heat utilization system which can utilize waste heat generated by a fuel cell under a low-temperature condition.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a fuel cell waste heat utilization system which comprises a liquid storage tank, a working medium pump, a fuel cell heat exchanger, a power generation module and a condenser, wherein the liquid storage tank, the working medium pump, the fuel cell heat exchanger, the power generation module and the condenser are connected in series through a pipeline to form a circulation loop, organic working media are stored in the liquid storage tank, the fuel cell heat exchanger can absorb waste heat generated by a fuel cell assembly, the organic working media are vaporized to drive the power generation module to generate power, and the condenser can cool and liquefy the vaporized organic working media.
By adopting the structure, when the fuel cell assembly is in a working state, the working medium pump is started to enable the organic working medium in the liquid storage tank to circularly flow in the pipeline, when the organic working medium passes through the fuel cell heat exchanger, the waste heat generated by the fuel cell assembly is absorbed by the fuel cell heat exchanger to enable the organic working medium to be vaporized, the organic working medium is converted into a vapor state and enters the power generation module, the power generation module can generate power to supply power for an air conditioning system or other electronic elements in a vehicle, or electric energy is stored in the battery, the purpose of utilizing the waste heat of the fuel cell is achieved, then the condenser positioned at the downstream of the power generation module can cool the vapor organic working medium into a liquid state, and the organic working medium is enabled to continuously circulate in the circulation loop.
Optionally, the system further comprises an in-vehicle evaporator and a first distribution valve, wherein the in-vehicle evaporator is connected with the fuel cell heat exchanger in parallel, and the organic working medium flows to the in-vehicle evaporator and the fuel cell heat exchanger through the first distribution valve respectively; a first two-way electromagnetic valve is arranged between the fuel cell heat exchanger and the first distribution valve, and a third two-way electromagnetic valve is arranged between the evaporator in the vehicle and the first distribution valve.
Optionally, the condenser comprises an external condenser (6) and an internal condenser, and a second distribution valve is further arranged, the internal condenser is connected with the external condenser in parallel, and the organic working medium flows to the external condenser and the internal condenser through the second distribution valve respectively; a fourth two-way electromagnetic valve is arranged between the condenser outside the automobile and the second distribution valve, and a second two-way electromagnetic valve is arranged between the condenser inside the automobile and the second distribution valve.
Optionally, the power generation module includes an expander and a power generator, the organic working medium is vaporized and then can drive the expander in a vapor state, and the expander further drives the power generator to generate power.
Optionally, the fuel cell assembly comprises a fuel cell stack, a fuel cell heat sink and a fuel cell heat sink fan.
Optionally, a heater is further included, the heater being connected in series upstream of the power generation module.
Optionally, the power generation module supplies power to at least one of: vehicle air conditioner cooling/heating system, seat ventilation system, blower of vehicle air conditioning system.
The invention also provides a fuel cell waste heat utilization method, when the temperature of a passenger compartment in the vehicle is higher than a first preset temperature and the fuel cell assembly is in a working state, the working medium pump, the first two-way electromagnetic valve and the third two-way electromagnetic valve are started, the first distribution valve distributes the proportion of the organic working medium entering the fuel cell heat exchanger and the evaporator in the vehicle according to the temperature of the fuel cell compartment and the passenger compartment, and finally the power generation module is driven to generate power.
The invention also provides a fuel cell waste heat utilization method, when the temperature of the passenger cabin in the vehicle is lower than a second preset temperature and the fuel cell assembly is in a working state, the working medium pump, the second two-way electromagnetic valve and the fourth two-way electromagnetic valve are started, the organic working medium drives the power generation module to generate power, the second distribution valve distributes the proportion of the organic working medium entering the condenser in the vehicle and the condenser outside the vehicle according to the temperature of the passenger cabin, and the organic working medium releases heat to the passenger cabin in the condenser in the vehicle.
The invention also provides a fuel cell waste heat utilization method, when the fuel cell waste heat utilization system and the fuel cell assembly are in a working state and the temperature of the fuel cell assembly is still higher than the highest working temperature, the fuel cell radiator and the fuel cell radiator fan are started to radiate the heat of the fuel cell assembly.
The invention also provides a fuel cell waste heat utilization method, the power generation module supplies power to a vehicle air-conditioning refrigeration/heating system, and when the fuel cell assembly is in a working state and the organic working medium absorbs the waste heat generated by the fuel cell assembly to generate power and cannot meet the power consumption requirement of the air-conditioning refrigeration/heating system, the heater is started to heat the organic working medium so as to meet the power consumption requirement of the air-conditioning refrigeration/heating system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circulation loop of a fuel cell waste heat utilization system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for utilizing the waste heat of the fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numerals in fig. 1-2 are illustrated as follows:
the system comprises a liquid storage tank 1, a working medium pump 2, a fuel cell heat exchanger 3, a power generation module 4, an expander 41, a power generator 42, a fuel cell assembly 5, a fuel cell stack 51, a fuel cell radiator 52, a fuel cell radiator 53, an external condenser 6, a first two-way electromagnetic valve 71, a second two-way electromagnetic valve 72, a third two-way electromagnetic valve 73, a fourth two-way electromagnetic valve 74, a first distribution valve 81, a second distribution valve 82, a three-way joint 9, an internal evaporator 10, an internal condenser 11 and a heater 12.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1-2, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circulation loop of a fuel cell waste heat utilization system according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for utilizing the waste heat of the fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The invention provides a fuel cell waste heat utilization system, which comprises a liquid storage tank 1, a working medium pump 2, a fuel cell heat exchanger 3, a power generation module 4 and an external condenser 6, wherein the liquid storage tank 1 is connected in series through a pipeline to form a circulation loop, organic working media such as R601a (isopentane), R134a (tetrafluoroethane), R290 (propane) and the like are stored in the liquid storage tank 1, the fuel cell heat exchanger 3 can absorb the waste heat generated by a fuel cell assembly 5 to enable the organic working media to be vaporized to drive the power generation module 4 to generate power, and the condenser can cool and liquefy the vaporized organic working media, wherein the external condenser 6 and the internal condenser 11 are included in figure 1.
By adopting the structure, when the fuel cell assembly 5 is in a working state, the working medium pump 2 is started to enable the organic working medium in the liquid storage tank 1 to circularly flow in the pipeline, when the organic working medium passes through the fuel cell heat exchanger 3, the waste heat generated by the fuel cell assembly 5 is absorbed by the fuel cell heat exchanger 3 to enable the organic working medium to be vaporized, the organic working medium is converted into a vapor state and enters the power generation module 4, the power generation module 4 is driven to generate power to supply power for an air conditioning system or other electronic elements in a vehicle, or electric energy is stored in a battery outside the vehicle, the purpose of utilizing the waste heat of the fuel cell is achieved, then the condenser 6 or the condenser 11 in the downstream of the power generation module 4 can cool the vapor state organic working medium into a liquid state, and the organic working medium is enabled to continuously circulate in the circulation loop.
The fuel cell waste heat utilization system has the following specific structure:
as shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell waste heat utilization system further includes an in-vehicle evaporator 10 and a first distribution valve 81, the in-vehicle evaporator 10 is connected in parallel with the fuel cell heat exchanger 3, and the organic working medium flows to the in-vehicle evaporator 10 and the fuel cell heat exchanger 3 through the first distribution valve 81 respectively; a first two-way solenoid valve 71 is provided between the fuel cell heat exchanger 3 and the first distribution valve 81, and a third two-way solenoid valve 73 is provided between the in-vehicle evaporator 10 and the first distribution valve 81.
The fuel cell waste heat utilization system also comprises an internal condenser 11 and a second distribution valve 82, wherein the internal condenser 11 is connected with the external condenser 6 in parallel, and the organic working medium respectively flows to the external condenser 6 and the internal condenser 11 through the second distribution valve 82; a fourth two-way solenoid valve 74 is provided between the exterior condenser 6 and the second distribution valve 82, and a second two-way solenoid valve 72 is provided between the interior condenser 11 and the second distribution valve 82.
In the present embodiment, the interior evaporator 10 and the fuel cell heat exchanger 3 merge into the main circuit via the three-way connection 9, the interior condenser 11 and the exterior condenser 6 via the three-way connection 82. It is understood that there are various ways of connecting to the main circulation circuit, and the connection is not limited to the connection through the three-way joint at the same time.
Further, the power generation module 4 includes an expander 41 and a generator 42, the organic working medium is vaporized and then can drive the expander 41 in a vapor state, and the expander 41 further drives the generator 42 to generate power. The fuel cell assembly 5 specifically includes a fuel cell stack 51, a fuel cell radiator 52, and a fuel cell radiator fan 53. Further, the fuel cell residual heat utilization system further includes a heater 12, and the heater 12 is connected in series upstream of the power generation module 4. The power generation module 4 supplies at least one of: vehicle air conditioner cooling/heating system, seat ventilation system, blower of vehicle air conditioning system.
In summary, the present invention provides a method for utilizing the waste heat of a fuel cell, which comprises the following steps:
referring to fig. 2, when the fuel cell waste heat utilization system is used, the two-way solenoid valves and the distribution valves may be controlled according to the temperature of the passenger compartment, where a first preset temperature and a second preset temperature may be set, where the passenger compartment in the vehicle needs to be cooled by the air conditioning system when the temperature is higher than the first preset temperature, and the passenger compartment in the vehicle needs to be heated by the air conditioning system when the temperature is lower than the second preset temperature.
In summer, the first preset temperature can be set to 28 ℃, when the fuel cell assembly 5 is in a working state, whether the temperature in the passenger compartment is higher than the first preset temperature is judged, if yes, the passenger compartment needs air-conditioning refrigeration, the working medium pump 2, the first two-way electromagnetic valve 71, the third two-way electromagnetic valve 73 and the fourth two-way electromagnetic valve 74 are opened, the second two-way electromagnetic valve 72 is closed, the organic working medium in the liquid storage tank 1 is pumped out by the working medium pump 2 and circulates in the whole circulation loop, the first distribution valve 81 distributes the proportion of the organic working medium entering the fuel cell heat exchanger 3 and the vehicle evaporator 10 according to the temperature in the fuel cell compartment and the temperature in the passenger compartment, the organic working medium can be reasonably and fully heated by utilizing the heat of the passenger compartment and the vehicle rear compartment where the fuel cell assembly 5 is located, and the first distribution valve 81 is equivalent to a two-way valve at the moment;
the organic working medium is vaporized into a vapor state through the heating of the fuel cell heat exchanger 3 and the evaporator 10 in the vehicle, then the organic working medium in the vapor state drives the expander 41, and further the expander 41 drives the generator 42 to generate electricity, the obtained electricity can be directly supplied to an air conditioning system in the vehicle for refrigeration, can also be supplied to other electronic elements in the vehicle, or is stored in the battery, and then the organic working medium in the vapor state is cooled and liquefied through the condenser 6 outside the vehicle, releases heat outside the vehicle, and then continuously flows to participate in a circulation loop;
if the heat of the fuel cell heat exchanger 3 and the evaporator 10 in the vehicle is not enough to supply to an air conditioning system in the vehicle, the heater 12 can be started to heat the organic working medium so as to ensure that the air conditioning system in the vehicle can be normally refrigerated, and the heater can be a water heating PTC which consumes the electric energy generated by the battery stack;
if the fuel cell assembly 5 is in an operating state and the present fuel cell residual heat utilization system is already turned on, and the temperature of the fuel cell stack 51 is still not within the operating temperature range (e.g. 60-80 ℃) of the fuel cell stack 51, the fuel cell radiator 52 and the fuel cell radiator fan 53 should be turned on to radiate heat to the fuel cell stack 51.
In winter, the second preset temperature can be set to 23 ℃, when the fuel cell assembly 5 is in a working state, whether the temperature in the passenger compartment is lower than the second preset temperature is judged firstly, if so, the passenger compartment needs to be heated by an air conditioner, the working medium pump 2, the first two-way electromagnetic valve 71, the second two-way electromagnetic valve 72 and the fourth two-way electromagnetic valve 74 are started, the third two-way electromagnetic valve 73 is closed, the second distribution valve 82 distributes the proportion of the organic working medium entering the interior condenser 11 and the exterior condenser 6 according to the temperature of the passenger compartment, the vaporized organic working medium can be cooled and liquefied reasonably and fully by utilizing the low temperature in the passenger compartment and the exterior, and the vaporized organic working medium can release heat to the passenger compartment in the interior condenser 11, and at the moment, the second distribution valve 82 is equivalent to a two-way valve;
after being heated by the fuel cell heat exchanger 3, the organic working medium is vaporized into a vapor state, then the vapor organic working medium drives the expander 41, and further the expander 41 drives the generator 42 to generate electricity, the obtained electricity can be directly supplied to an air conditioning system in the vehicle for refrigeration, can also be supplied to other electronic components in the vehicle, or is stored in a battery, then the vapor organic working medium is cooled and liquefied by the condenser 6 outside the vehicle and the condenser 11 inside the vehicle, releases heat inside and outside the vehicle, and then continuously flows to participate in a circulation loop;
as in the case where the passenger compartment temperature is higher than the first preset temperature in the summer, the heater 12 should be turned on if the residual heat generated from the fuel cell module 5 is insufficient to supply the air conditioning system in the vehicle; if the temperature of the fuel cell stack 51 is too high, the fuel cell radiator 52 and the fuel cell radiator fan 53 should be turned on.
In spring or autumn, the first preset temperature can be set as 28 ℃, the second preset temperature is set as 23 ℃, when the fuel cell component 5 is in a working state, whether the temperature in the passenger cabin is higher than the first preset temperature or lower than the second preset temperature is judged, if yes, the passenger cabin needs to be refrigerated or heated, operation is carried out when refrigeration or heating is needed, if the temperature in the passenger cabin is between the first preset temperature and the second preset temperature, the working medium pump 2, the first two-way electromagnetic valve 71 and the fourth two-way electromagnetic valve 74 are started, the second two-way electromagnetic valve 72 and the third two-way electromagnetic valve 73 are closed, the organic working medium is heated by the fuel cell heat exchanger 3 and is vaporized into a vapor state, the expander 41 is driven, and the generator 42 is driven to generate electricity, the obtained electricity can be used for supplying electricity to electronic elements of the whole vehicle, or is stored in the battery, and the reutilization of the waste heat of the fuel cell is realized, then the vaporous organic working medium is cooled and liquefied by the condenser 6 outside the vehicle and continuously participates in the circulation loop;
when refrigeration or heating is not needed, the fuel cell waste heat utilization system does not need to supply power to an air conditioning system in the vehicle, so that the problem of insufficient power supply does not exist, namely the heater 12 does not need to be started; of course, if the temperature of the fuel cell stack 51 is too high at this time, the fuel cell radiator 52 and the fuel cell radiator fan 53 are still required to be turned on to radiate heat from the fuel cell stack 51.
It should be noted that, the above is only a case that may occur in theory, and in practical applications, other cases may also occur, and a worker or a control program may control each of the two-way solenoid valves and the distribution valve according to the practical situation, and the present invention is not limited to specific values of the first preset temperature and the second preset temperature, and the above 28 ℃ and 23 ℃ are merely examples, and may be flexibly adjusted according to practical needs, for example, according to a change in temperature sense of a season.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A fuel cell waste heat utilization system is characterized in that: including liquid storage pot (1), working medium pump (2), fuel cell heat exchanger (3), power module (4) and condenser, above-mentioned part forms the circulation circuit through the pipeline series connection, organic working medium has been stored up in liquid storage pot (1), fuel cell heat exchanger (3) can absorb the waste heat that fuel cell subassembly (5) produced, makes organic working medium vaporization drive power module (4) electricity generation, condenser (6) can be with the vaporization organic working medium cooling liquefaction.
2. The fuel cell residual heat utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the system is characterized by further comprising an in-vehicle evaporator (10) and a first distribution valve (81), wherein the in-vehicle evaporator (10) is connected with the fuel cell heat exchanger (3) in parallel, and the organic working medium flows to the in-vehicle evaporator (10) and the fuel cell heat exchanger (3) through the first distribution valve (81) respectively;
a first two-way electromagnetic valve (71) is arranged between the fuel cell heat exchanger (3) and the first distribution valve (81), and a third two-way electromagnetic valve (73) is arranged between the in-vehicle evaporator (10) and the first distribution valve (81).
3. The fuel cell waste heat utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the condenser comprises an external condenser (6) and an internal condenser (11), and is also provided with a second distribution valve (82), the internal condenser (11) is connected with the external condenser (6) in parallel, and the organic working medium flows to the external condenser (6) and the internal condenser (11) through the second distribution valve (82) respectively;
a fourth two-way electromagnetic valve (74) is arranged between the condenser (6) outside the vehicle and the second distributing valve (82), and a second two-way electromagnetic valve (72) is arranged between the condenser (11) inside the vehicle and the second distributing valve (82).
4. The fuel cell residual heat utilization system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the power generation module (4) comprises an expander (41) and a power generator (42), the organic working medium is vaporized and then can drive the expander (41) in a vapor state, and the expander (41) further drives the power generator (42) to generate power.
5. The fuel cell residual heat utilization system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the fuel cell assembly (5) includes a fuel cell stack (51), a fuel cell radiator (52), and a fuel cell radiator fan (53).
6. The fuel cell residual heat utilization system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: also comprises a heater (12), wherein the heater (12) is connected in series with the upstream of the power generation module (4).
7. The fuel cell residual heat utilization system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the power generation module (4) supplies power to at least one of: vehicle air conditioning cooling/heating system, seat ventilation system, blower of vehicle air conditioning system.
8. A fuel cell waste heat utilization method based on the fuel cell waste heat utilization system according to claim 2, characterized in that:
when the temperature of a passenger cabin in the vehicle is higher than a first preset temperature and the fuel cell assembly (5) is in a working state, the working medium pump (2), the first two-way electromagnetic valve (71) and the third two-way electromagnetic valve (73) are started, and the first distribution valve (81) distributes the proportion of the organic working medium entering the fuel cell heat exchanger (3) and the evaporator (10) in the vehicle according to the temperature of the fuel cell cabin and the passenger cabin, and finally drives the power generation module (4) to generate power.
9. A fuel cell waste heat utilization method based on the fuel cell waste heat utilization system according to claim 3, characterized in that:
when the temperature of the passenger compartment in the vehicle is lower than a second preset temperature and the fuel cell assembly (5) is in a working state, the working medium pump (2), the second two-way electromagnetic valve (72) and the fourth two-way electromagnetic valve (74) are started, the organic working medium drives the power generation module (4) to generate power, the second distribution valve (82) distributes the proportion of the organic working medium entering the condenser (11) in the vehicle and the condenser (6) outside the vehicle according to the temperature of the passenger compartment, and the organic working medium releases heat to the passenger compartment in the condenser (11) in the vehicle.
10. A fuel cell waste heat utilization method based on the fuel cell waste heat utilization system according to claim 5, characterized in that: and when the fuel cell waste heat utilization system and the fuel cell assembly (5) are in a working state and the temperature of the fuel cell stack (51) is still higher than the highest working temperature, the fuel cell radiator (52) and the fuel cell cooling fan (53) are started to radiate heat for the fuel cell stack (51).
11. A fuel cell waste heat utilization method based on the fuel cell waste heat utilization system according to claim 6, characterized in that:
the power generation module (4) supplies power to a vehicle air-conditioning refrigeration/heating system, the fuel cell assembly (5) is in a working state, and when the organic working medium absorbs the waste heat generated by the fuel cell assembly (5) and power generation cannot meet the power consumption requirement of the air-conditioning refrigeration/heating system, the heater (12) is started to heat the organic working medium so as to meet the power consumption requirement of the air-conditioning refrigeration/heating system.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011190551.0A CN114439565A (en) | 2020-10-30 | 2020-10-30 | Fuel cell waste heat utilization system and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011190551.0A CN114439565A (en) | 2020-10-30 | 2020-10-30 | Fuel cell waste heat utilization system and method |
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| CN116442874A (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-07-18 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Device and method for utilizing waste heat of fuel cell system and automobile |
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