CN114439523A

CN114439523A - Expansion shell type anchoring head and anchor rod

Info

Publication number: CN114439523A
Application number: CN202111627582.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴航通; 吕志平; 周彪; 王勇
Original assignee: Hangzhou Dodrive Engineering Materials Co ltd
Current assignee: Hangzhou Dodrive Engineering Materials Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-12-28
Filing date: 2021-12-28
Publication date: 2022-05-06

Abstract

The invention discloses a shell expansion type anchoring head and an anchor rod thereof, wherein the shell expansion type anchoring head is arranged on a rod body with an external thread when in use and comprises a shell expansion inner wedge and a plurality of shell expansion clamping pieces, the shell expansion clamping pieces are attached to the shell expansion inner wedge, a matched wedge surface structure is arranged between the shell expansion clamping pieces, the shell expansion clamping pieces are provided with a first end part and a second end part which are opposite along the axial direction, the shell expansion inner wedge comprises a first part with the wedge surface structure and a second part with a supporting shoulder matched with the second end part, a central hole which is axially communicated and can be penetrated by the rod body is arranged in the shell expansion inner wedge, and the inner wall of the central hole is provided with an internal thread matched with the external thread. The expansion shell type anchoring head is provided with a central hole which is axially communicated, and the rod body can penetrate through the anchoring head, so that a plurality of anchoring heads can be installed.

Description

Expansion shell type anchoring head and anchor rod

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering anchoring support, in particular to an expansion shell type anchoring head and an anchor rod.

Background

In the protection construction process of underground engineering, mine roadways, railway tunnels and side slopes, the surrounding rock needs to be reinforced for preventing deformation, collapse and instability of the surrounding rock, the main measures are to embed an anchor rod with an expansion shell type anchoring head on the surrounding rock, and the surrounding rock is reinforced by using the tension of the anchor rod and a grouting body, so that the surrounding rock forms an integral structure, and the purpose of controlling the deformation of the surrounding rock is achieved.

The existing expanding-shell type anchoring head is generally arranged at the head of a rod body, and the installation number is only one, so that a plurality of expanding-shell type anchoring heads cannot be installed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a plurality of expansion shell type anchoring heads which can be arranged on a rod body.

The shell expansion type anchoring head is mounted on a rod body with an external thread during use, the shell expansion type anchoring head comprises a shell expansion inner wedge and a plurality of shell expansion clamping pieces, the shell expansion clamping pieces are attached to the shell expansion inner wedge, a matched wedge surface structure is arranged between the shell expansion clamping pieces, the shell expansion clamping pieces are provided with a first end portion and a second end portion which are opposite to each other in the axial direction, the shell expansion inner wedge comprises a first portion with the wedge surface structure and a second portion with a supporting shoulder matched with the second end portion, a center hole which is axially communicated and can be penetrated by the rod body is formed in the shell expansion inner wedge, and an internal thread matched with the external thread is formed in the inner wall of the center hole.

Several alternatives are provided below, but not as an additional limitation to the above general solution, but merely as a further addition or preference, each alternative being combinable individually for the above general solution or among several alternatives without technical or logical contradictions.

Optionally, a limiting structure for limiting the expansion shell clamping piece to be separated from the expansion shell inner wedge in the initial state is arranged between the supporting shoulder and the expansion shell clamping piece.

Optionally, the limiting structure includes a limiting groove provided on one of the shoulder support and the expansion shell clip and a limiting protrusion provided on the other.

Optionally, the outer side wall of the inner wedge of the expanding shell is provided with a notch which forms the wedge surface structure and the shoulder support and is matched with the clamping piece of the expanding shell, and the notch partially penetrates through the side wall of the inner wedge of the expanding shell.

Optionally, a guide structure is arranged between the wedge surface of the first portion and the expansion shell clamping piece.

Optionally, the guide structure includes a guide groove opened in the wedge surface, and a guide member disposed on an inner wall of the expansion shell clamp and engaged with the guide groove.

Optionally, the shell-expanding anchoring head further comprises a hoop hooping the shell-expanding clamping piece and attached to the shell-expanding inner wedge, and a clamping groove matched with the hoop is formed in the shell-expanding inner wedge.

Optionally, the surface of the expansion shell clamping piece back to the expansion shell inner wedge is provided with a stopping tooth and a stopping elastic piece.

Optionally, the outer surface of the inner wedge of the expanding shell is provided with a groove with a gradually reduced width extending from the first part to the second part.

The shell expansion type anchoring head is mounted on a rod body with an external thread during use, the shell expansion type anchoring head comprises a shell expansion inner wedge and a plurality of shell expansion clamping pieces, the shell expansion clamping pieces are attached to the shell expansion inner wedge, a matched wedge surface structure is arranged between the shell expansion clamping pieces, the shell expansion clamping pieces are provided with a first end portion and a second end portion which are opposite to each other along the axial direction, the shell expansion inner wedge comprises a first portion with the wedge surface structure and a second portion with a shoulder support matched with the second end portion, and a limiting structure which limits the shell expansion clamping pieces to be separated from the shell expansion inner wedge in an initial state is arranged between the shoulder support and the shell expansion clamping pieces.

The shell expansion type anchoring head is mounted on a rod body with an external thread during use, the shell expansion type anchoring head comprises a shell expansion inner wedge and a plurality of shell expansion clamping pieces, the shell expansion clamping pieces are attached to the shell expansion inner wedge, a matched wedge surface structure is arranged between the shell expansion inner wedge and the shell expansion clamping pieces, the shell expansion clamping pieces are provided with a first end portion and a second end portion which are opposite to each other along the axial direction, the shell expansion inner wedge comprises a first portion with the wedge surface structure and a second portion with a supporting shoulder matched with the second end portion, the first end portion is provided with a concave arc-shaped second wedge surface, and the first portion is provided with a convex arc-shaped first wedge surface.

The invention also provides an anchor rod, which comprises a rod body and the expansion shell type anchoring head sleeved on the rod body in a penetrating manner.

Optionally, the number of the expanding-shell type anchoring heads is not less than 2.

Optionally, a guide head is arranged at the end of the rod body.

Compared with the prior art, the shell-expanding type anchoring head is provided with the center hole which is axially communicated, and the rod body can penetrate through the anchoring head, so that a plurality of anchoring heads can be installed.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an expanding-shell type anchor head according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the expanding shell anchor head of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an inner wedge of the swelling shell of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the expanding shell anchor head of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of an expanding-shell anchor head;

FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the expanding shell anchor head of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of an inner wedge of the expanding shell of FIG. 5;

FIG. 8 is a structural schematic of an anchor rod according to one embodiment;

fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the anchor rod of fig. 8;

fig. 10 is a structural view of another embodiment anchor.

The reference numerals in the figures are illustrated as follows:

100. an expanding-shell type anchoring head;

110. expanding the shell and wedging; 111. a first portion; 1111. an internal thread; 1112. a first wedge surface; 1113. an end face; 1114. a guide groove; 1115. a central bore; 112. a second portion; 113. supporting a shoulder; 1131. a limiting groove; 114. opening the gap; 115. a card slot; 116. a trench;

120. a shell expansion clamping piece; 121. a limiting bulge; 122. stopping teeth; 123. a backstop elastic sheet; 124. a guide member; 125. a first end portion; 126. a second end portion; 1250. a second wedge surface;

130. hooping;

200. a rod body; 210. an external thread;

300. a guide head; 400. a base plate; 500. a nut; 600. a spherical washer.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When a component is referred to as being "disposed on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or intervening components may also be present.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

The expansion shell type anchoring head is an important component of an anchor rod, and is applied to geotechnical engineering.

Referring to fig. 1-2 and 5-6, an embodiment provides an expanding-shell type anchoring head 100, which includes an expanding-shell inner wedge 110 and a plurality of expanding-shell clamping pieces 120, wherein the expanding-shell clamping pieces 120 are attached to the expanding-shell inner wedge 110, and a matched wedge surface structure is provided between the expanding-shell clamping pieces 120, so that the expanding-shell clamping pieces 120 can slide relative to the expanding-shell inner wedge 110 to expand.

The outer side wall of the inner wedge 110 has a notch 114 for engaging with the shell-expanding clip 120, so that the anchoring head is substantially tubular after assembly. The inner wedge 110 is divided into two parts in the axial direction, namely a first part 111 and a second part 112. Wherein the first portion 111 is provided with a first wedge surface 1112 and the second portion 112 is provided with a retaining shoulder 113.

The shell-expanding clip 120 has a first end 125 and a second end 126 in the axial direction, wherein the first end 125 has a second wedge surface 1250 matching with the first wedge surface 1112, and the second end 126 matches with the shoulder 113, so that the plurality of shell-expanding clips 120 are at the same height position.

As shown in fig. 2, the shell-expanding clamping piece 120 is of an arc tile-shaped structure, the second wedge surface 1250 is of a concave arc shape, and the first wedge surface 1112 is of a convex arc shape which is matched with the concave arc shape, so that the acting area between the shell-expanding clamping piece 120 and the shell-expanding inner wedge 110 is larger, and the acting force is more dispersed.

The inner expanding shell wedge 110 has a central hole 1115 running through it axially, and the diameter of the central hole 1115 should be adapted to the diameter of the rod body of the anchor rod, so that the rod body can pass through the anchoring head, and thus a plurality of anchoring heads can be installed on the rod body.

The central hole 1115 is partially provided with the internal thread 1111 at the first portion 111, that is, the shoulder 113 and the internal thread 1111 are not arranged at the same position of the inner wedge 110 of the expansion shell, so that the force applied to the inner wedge in the whole body can be better applied when the anchor rod is tensioned.

The shell-expanding clamping pieces 120 are at least two, for example, referring to fig. 1-2, two shell-expanding clamping pieces 120 are provided and distributed on two opposite sides of the shell-expanding inner wedge 110; referring to fig. 5 to 6, three expansion shell clamping pieces 120 are arranged and are distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the expansion shell inner wedge 110.

In one embodiment, a limiting structure is provided between the supporting shoulder 113 and the shell-expanding clip 120 to limit the shell-expanding clip 120 from separating from the shell-expanding inner wedge 110. Specifically, referring to fig. 3 to 4, the limiting structure includes a limiting groove 1131 disposed on the supporting shoulder 113 and a limiting protrusion 121 disposed on the expanding shell clamping piece 120. The position interchange of the limiting groove 1131 and the limiting protrusion 121 does not affect the matching effect. In this embodiment, the retaining groove 1131 and the retaining protrusion 121 extend along the circumferential direction of the expanding-shell type anchor head.

Limiting structure is convenient for realize rising the location installation of shell clamping piece 120 on holding in the palm shoulder 113 on the one hand, and on the other hand guarantees to hold in the palm shoulder 113 effective restriction and rises the motion of shell clamping piece 120 relative shell inner wedge 110 that rises, prevents to rise shell clamping piece 120 and radially drops because of receiving to rock or shake, or receives the not equidirectional resistance of drilling and takes place the dislocation, can't realize advancing in step, causes the poor scheduling problem of anchor effect.

Further, a guiding structure is provided between the first wedge surface 1112 of the first portion 111 and the expanding-shell clip 120 for sliding guiding therebetween. For example, referring to fig. 6 to 7, the guiding structure includes a guiding groove 1114 opened on the first wedge surface 1112 and a guiding element 124 fixed on the inner wall of the expanding shell clamping piece 120; guide 124 may be a raised structure and guide channel 1114 may be adapted to the structure of guide 124, which may be a sliding fit. The convex side of guide 124 is a sliding surface that interacts with the side walls of guide channel 1114, which may be tapered to reduce sliding resistance.

In one embodiment, to further fix the expanding shell clip 120, it is fixed on both sides of the expanding shell inner wedge 110 by a tightening device, see fig. 1 and 3. Specifically, the tightening device is a hoop 130 with certain elasticity, which can tighten the expansion shell clamping piece 120 to abut against the expansion shell inner wedge 110; the anchor ear 130 can be a binding rope, a metal wire or a rubber ring, and the like, and effectively prevents the shell-expanding clamping piece 120 from falling off or being misplaced when the shell-expanding clamping piece travels in the drilling hole.

Correspondingly, the inner shell-expanding wedge 110 is provided with a clamping groove 115 matched with the hoop 130, the hoop 130 can be positioned in the clamping groove 115, the inner shell-expanding wedge 110 and the shell-expanding clamping sheet 120 can be bound into a whole, and the hoop 130 is prevented from sliding out or bouncing out of the shell-expanding anchoring head 100 in the axial direction due to friction force. Furthermore, the clamping groove 115 for installing the hoop 130 is also arranged at the position of the shell expansion clamping piece 120 corresponding to the clamping groove 115.

In the assembled state, the first end 125 of the shell-expanding clip 120 abuts against the first wedge surface 1112 of the first portion 111, the second end 126 is limited by the shoulder 113, and in order to limit the first end 125 of the shell-expanding clip 120, the locking groove 115 is disposed at the first end 125, so that the hoop 130 can be installed to clamp the first end 125 of the shell-expanding clip 120.

In one embodiment, the surface of the expanding shell clip 120 facing away from the expanding shell inner wedge 110 is provided with a backstop tooth 122, see fig. 2 and 6; the shape and distribution of the retaining teeth 122 are varied, and the surface thereof may be smooth or rough. The stopping teeth 122 can be selected appropriately according to the rock stratum structure and texture of the anchoring object, for example, for a rock stratum with higher hardness, the stopping teeth 122 adopt an inverted sawtooth structure, and the friction force between the expanding shell clamping pieces 120 and the rock stratum hole wall can be improved through local extrusion force of the stopping teeth, so that the anchoring capability of the expanding shell type anchoring head 100 is improved,

to facilitate the initial positioning of the expanding-shell type anchor head 100 in the borehole, in one embodiment, a retaining spring 123 is fixed on the surface of the expanding-shell clamping piece 120 facing away from the expanding-shell inner wedge 110, one end of the retaining spring is fixed to the expanding-shell clamping piece 120, and the other end of the retaining spring is tilted away from the expanding-shell clamping piece 120, see fig. 2 and 6. In the casing anchor head 100 that rises in the drilling process of marcing, stopping shell fragment 123 constantly receives the pore wall extrusion force and takes place deformation, consequently can not insert the stratum, nevertheless when casing anchor head 100 that rises reachs the drilling in the bottom, stopping shell fragment 123 takes place to kick-back to insert the stratum, accomplish the location of the casing clamping piece 120 that rises, prevent that the anchor head from following body of rod 200 and rotating together. During assembly, the retaining spring 123 can be fixed to the shell-expanding clip 120 by screws, rivets, welding, and the like.

When performing the anchoring operation, the assembled expanding-shell type anchoring head 100 is inserted into the borehole through the rod body 200, and in order to improve the insertion efficiency, in an embodiment, the end surface 1113 of the first portion 111 has a conical surface structure, which is beneficial to reduce the friction and the fluid resistance of the expanding-shell type anchoring head 100 during the insertion, as shown in fig. 3 and 7.

Referring to fig. 3, in an embodiment, the outer surface of the inner wedge 110 has a groove 116 with a gradually decreasing width extending from the first portion 111 to the second portion 112 for acting as a guiding groove for grouting.

The invention provides an anchor rod, which comprises a plurality of expansion shell type anchoring heads 100 and a rod body 200, and is shown in figures 8-10; generally, the rod body 200 has an external thread 210 on its surface, and the expanding-shell anchor head 100 has an internal thread 1111, which are connected together by a screw thread to complete the assembly.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 10, the head of the rod body 200 is provided with a guide head 300, the middle is provided with two expanding shell type anchoring heads 100, and the tail is provided with a backing plate 400, a nut 500 and a spherical washer 600.

The rod 200 may be a hollow structure or a solid structure, and the overall assembly and grouting manner may be different for different rods 200, and related contents are disclosed in the prior art and will not be described herein again. The following description is mainly directed to the anchoring process of the expanding-shell type anchor head 100 provided by the present invention, and specifically includes the following steps:

after the assembly is in place, external force is applied to push the expanding-shell type anchoring head 100 and the rod body 200 to the bottom of a drilled hole, and the initial positioning is realized by the retaining elastic sheet 123 on the expanding-shell clamping sheet 120, in the process, the expanding-shell clamping sheet 120 cannot expand to fall off and is not easy to misplace due to the action of the shoulder support 113 and the limiting structure; after positioning, the rod body 200 is rotated to make the shell expansion clamping piece 120 slide relative to the shell expansion inner wedge 110 and expand along the radial direction; when the anchor ear 130 is expanded to a certain degree, the anchor ear 130 is completely expanded and broken, and simultaneously the outer surface of the shell expansion clamping piece 120 is tightly attached to the wall surface of the drill hole until the outer surface and the wall surface are mutually extruded to form expansion force and friction force; when the external force cannot continue to rotate the rod body 200, indicating that the expanding-shell type anchoring head 100 is installed in place, the nut 500 is then screwed to lock the anchor.

In other examples, when the rod 200 is tensioned by the tensioning jack, the inner wedge 110 of the expanding shell is pulled backwards by the tension force, and accordingly the clamping piece 120 of the expanding shell slides forwards along the first wedge surface 1112 through the first wedge surface 1112 to expand continuously and generate larger friction force with the hole wall, and the larger the tension force is, the larger the expansion force and the friction force of the shell type anchoring head 100 are, a certain pre-stress is applied to the rod 200, and then the nut 500 is rotated to lock, thereby completing the installation.

In some embodiments, a guiding head 300 is disposed at one end of the rod body 200, and the guiding head 300 is generally a conical head made of metal or plastic with better mechanical strength, so that the anchor rod can be inserted into the drilled hole to play the roles of guiding, stopping slag and discharging slurry, and the anchor rod is not stressed. A plurality of expanding-shell type anchoring heads 100 can be sleeved on the rod body 200, which is beneficial to improving the positioning capability and the anchoring effect of the anchor rod. Referring to fig. 10, 2 expanding-shell type anchoring heads 100 are sleeved on the rod body 200.

Each anchoring head can be at any position, namely under the condition that surrounding rock at the bottom of a hole is not ideal, the anchoring position can be adjusted independently and flexibly, or multi-point anchoring is realized through a plurality of shell expansion anchoring heads, so that the anchoring effect is ensured.

The expansion shell type anchoring head 100 provided by the invention has a simple structure, can effectively prevent the expansion shell clamping sheets 120 of the expansion shell type anchoring head 100 from breaking through the limitation and falling off when the expansion shell type anchoring head is pushed along with the rod body 200 in a drill hole, simultaneously avoids the dislocation problem caused by uneven stress of the two expansion shell clamping sheets 120, can form stable anchoring force in the drill hole, and improves the supporting performance of the whole anchor rod.

The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features. When technical features in different embodiments are represented in the same drawing, it can be seen that the drawing also discloses a combination of the embodiments concerned.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. The shell expansion type anchoring head is mounted on a rod body with an external thread during use, the shell expansion type anchoring head comprises a shell expansion inner wedge and a plurality of shell expansion clamping pieces, the shell expansion clamping pieces are attached to the shell expansion inner wedge, a matched wedge surface structure is arranged between the shell expansion clamping pieces, the shell expansion clamping pieces are provided with a first end portion and a second end portion which are opposite to each other in the axial direction, the shell expansion inner wedge comprises a first portion with the wedge surface structure and a second portion with a supporting shoulder matched with the second end portion, the shell expansion inner wedge is characterized in that a center hole which is axially communicated and can be penetrated by the rod body is formed in the shell expansion inner wedge, and an internal thread matched with the external thread is formed in the inner wall of the center hole.

2. The expanding-shell anchor head as claimed in claim 1, wherein a limiting structure is provided between the shoulder and the expanding-shell clip for limiting the expanding-shell clip to be separated from the inner wedge of the expanding shell in the initial state.

3. The expanding-shell anchor head as claimed in claim 2, wherein the limiting structure comprises a limiting groove provided on one of the shoulder pad and the expanding-shell clip and a limiting protrusion provided on the other.

4. The expanding-shell type anchor head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer side wall of the inner wedge of the expanding shell is provided with a notch which forms the wedge surface structure and the shoulder support and matches with the clamping piece of the expanding shell, and the notch partially penetrates through the side wall of the inner wedge of the expanding shell.

5. The expanding shell anchor head of claim 1, wherein the internal thread is in the first portion.

6. The expanding-shell anchor head according to claim 1, wherein a guiding structure is disposed between the wedge surface of the first portion and the expanding-shell clamp, the guiding structure comprises a guiding groove opened on the wedge surface, and a guiding member disposed on an inner wall of the expanding-shell clamp and engaged with the guiding groove.

7. The shell-expanding anchor head according to claim 1, wherein the shell-expanding anchor head comprises a hoop for hooping the shell-expanding clamping piece and clinging to the shell-expanding inner wedge, and the shell-expanding inner wedge is provided with a clamping groove matched with the hoop.

8. The expanding shell anchor head of claim 1, wherein the outer surface of the inner wedge of the expanding shell has a groove of decreasing width extending from the first portion to the second portion.

9. The anchor rod is characterized by comprising a rod body, a nut, a base plate and the expansion-shell type anchoring head, wherein the nut and the base plate are sleeved on the rod body in a penetrating mode, and the expansion-shell type anchoring head is as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A rock bolt according to claim 9, wherein the number of said expanding shell anchor heads is not less than 2.