CN114438135A - Kitchen waste high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation rapid starting method - Google Patents
Kitchen waste high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation rapid starting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114438135A CN114438135A CN202111609351.9A CN202111609351A CN114438135A CN 114438135 A CN114438135 A CN 114438135A CN 202111609351 A CN202111609351 A CN 202111609351A CN 114438135 A CN114438135 A CN 114438135A
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- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation quick start method for kitchen garbage, which comprises the following steps: s1, adding water with the effective volume of 50% into the system; s2, raising the temperature of the system to 55 ℃ and maintaining the temperature; s3, adding a multi-element microorganism starter inoculum with the effective volume of 40% into the system; s4, adding a quick absorption nutrient source with an effective volume of 10% into the system; s5, mechanically stirring the system, and pumping and circulating the system for 12-15% of the effective volume every 24 hours; s6, quantitatively monitoring each index of the system; s7, maintaining the index fluctuation less than or equal to 30% for 7 days, and successfully starting the fermentation system. The invention adopts water as system medium to suddenly raise the temperature to 55 ℃, has short temperature raising time, reduces the starting time, and solves the problem of unbalanced microorganism types and quantity, can quickly form anaerobic environment, and can accelerate mass transfer and microorganism metabolism reproduction by forming a complete mixing system through mechanical stirring and pumping circulation, thus being beneficial to the interactive flow of different sections of the system and quickly forming a stable high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of kitchen waste treatment, in particular to a high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation quick start method for kitchen waste.
Background
The kitchen waste is organic waste which is generally produced by household garbage classification and produced in the food processing and eating processes, mainly comprises fruit and vegetable residues, leftovers, shell and eggshell, deteriorated food and the like, and is not completely classified, because the kitchen waste often contains solid impurities such as plastic bags (sheets), glass, sand stones, metal and the like, before the general kitchen waste is subjected to dry anaerobic treatment, the solid impurities are required to be separated and pretreated, and organic matter is subjected to dry anaerobic digestion treatment to generate methane and the like, so that the organic waste recycling treatment is realized.
Due to the characteristic of high carbon content of the kitchen waste, the microbial adaptability of the large kitchen waste is increased due to the unbalance of the types and the numbers of acid-producing bacteria and methanogenic bacteria in fermentation in the starting stage of high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation, and the system is easy to be rancid in the starting period. In addition, the kitchen waste forms a dry anaerobic fermentation system with multiphase flow and high solid content for fermentation substrates, the diffusion of substance molecules and the diffusion of eddy currents are poor, and different sections of the system are difficult to flow interactively to form a stable high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation system. In addition, the high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation adopted at present has great influence on microorganisms due to temperature, so that the temperature is gradually increased, the starting time is long, and the efficiency is low.
Therefore, there is a need to provide a method for rapidly starting high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In this summary, concepts in a simplified form are introduced that are further described in the detailed description. This summary of the invention is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation quick start method for kitchen garbage, which comprises the following steps: s1, adding water with the effective volume of 50% into the system; s2, raising the temperature of the system to 55 ℃ and maintaining the temperature; s3, adding a multi-element microorganism starter inoculum with the effective volume of 40% into the system; s4, adding a quick absorption nutrient source with an effective volume of 10% into the system; s5, mechanically stirring the system, and pumping and circulating the system for 12-15% of the effective volume every 24 hours; s6, quantitatively monitoring each index of the system; s7, maintaining the index fluctuation less than or equal to 30% for 7 days, and successfully starting the fermentation system.
Optionally, the multi-microorganism starter inoculum in S3 includes cow dung, activated sludge, aerobic fermentation windrow added sequentially with an addition time interval of 24 hours.
Optionally, the adding ratio of the cow dung to the activated sludge to the aerobic fermentation stacking material is 3:1: 1.
Optionally, the nutrient source comprises kitchen waste with a crushed particle size of less than or equal to 20mm and various sources.
Optionally, the nutrient source further comprises an iron-based additive.
Optionally, the iron species additive is added in a ratio of 1/500-1/300 of the priming inoculum species.
Optionally, after adding the nutrient source in S4, mixing thoroughly, and standing at a medium temperature of 30-35 ℃ for 15-20 hours.
Optionally, the rate of mechanical agitation is from 2 to 4 r/min.
Optionally, supplementing the nutrient source according to the metabolic balance of the substance between S5 and S6.
Optionally, the indexes include biogas yield, biogas components, system ph value, and total organic acid amount of the system.
The invention provides a kitchen waste high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation rapid starting method, which adopts water as a system medium to rapidly raise the temperature to 55 ℃, has short heating time, reduces the starting time, adopts multiple microorganisms, solves the problem of unbalanced microorganism types and quantity, can rapidly form an anaerobic environment, can accelerate mass transfer and microorganism metabolic propagation by forming a fully mixed system through mechanical stirring and pumping circulation, is beneficial to the interactive flow of different sections of the system, rapidly forms a stable high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation system, and shortens the starting time from the current 30-40 days to 7 days.
Drawings
The following drawings of the invention are included to provide a further understanding of the invention. There are shown in the drawings, embodiments and descriptions thereof, which are used to explain the principles and apparatus of the invention. In the drawings, there is shown in the drawings,
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for rapidly starting the high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a method for rapidly starting the high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without one or more of these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the invention.
In order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, detailed steps will be set forth in the following description in order to explain the present method. It will be apparent that the invention may be practiced without limitation to the specific details known to those skilled in the art. The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, however, the invention is capable of other embodiments in addition to those detailed.
It will be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
Anaerobic fermentation, also known as biogas fermentation, refers to a process of finally forming combustible mixed gas such as methane and carbon dioxide by decomposing and metabolizing organic substances (municipal organic solid wastes, agricultural organic wastes and the like) by various microorganisms under certain moisture, temperature and anaerobic conditions.
The high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation is a form of anaerobic fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 50-55 ℃, and the solid content of organic substances in a fermentation system is more than 18%.
The anaerobic fermentation can be divided into wet anaerobic fermentation and dry anaerobic fermentation according to the difference of solid content, wherein the dry anaerobic fermentation has the characteristics of high volume load, high gas production rate and easiness in treatment of fermentation products, the high-temperature (55 ℃) dry anaerobic fermentation has the advantages of high fermentation efficiency, high treatment load, pathogen killing, and the like, and can effectively deal with the characteristics of high organic solid content of kitchen garbage, easiness in spoilage and pathogenic bacteria breeding, but the high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation also has the defects of long starting period and easiness in instability in starting. Stable and fast high temperature anaerobic start requires inoculation of high temperature acclimated anaerobic sludge (a source of microorganisms required for high temperature dry anaerobic fermentation). The large kitchen waste dry anaerobic project needs a large amount of high-temperature anaerobic sludge, the starting time limit is short, in addition, the kitchen waste dry anaerobic project is still in the initial development stage of the industry, the operation projects are few, the anaerobic starting requirement, the transportation radius and the like of the project are considered, the cost for obtaining the anaerobic sludge is high, and enough anaerobic sludge cannot be obtained for starting.
The high-efficiency and rapid start of high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation needs diverse microorganisms and rich nutrient sources, at present, industrial waste yeast or activated feed yeast is used as a nutrient source substrate, anaerobic inoculation sludge and kitchen waste are in a proportion of 0.8-1.5, nitrogen or methane is additionally used for purging for 3-30 minutes, the dry anaerobic fermentation is started by inoculation, a large amount of nitrogen or methane is needed for purging a reactor in the starting stage, the inoculation amount of the yeast activation is large (accounting for 1-9% of the mass of the materials), the yeast activation is not easy to obtain, the cost is high, the conditions of insufficient purging conditions and insufficient start nutrients are easy to occur in the start of actual large and medium dry anaerobic fermentation engineering, and the high-efficiency and rapid start of the dry anaerobic fermentation is difficult to popularize and apply in the engineering.
In addition, when starting, fresh cow dung or cow farm biogas slurry is inoculated according to the proportion of 15-25% of the material, the solid content of the material is controlled to be 10-20% by adopting the backflow of solid-liquid separation liquid, a nitrogen source (pig manure) is supplemented at intervals of 10-20 days, and parameters such as inoculation, material backflow and the like in the starting stage are controlled, so that dry anaerobic starting is realized. The solid content of the material is controlled by adopting separation liquid reflux, but fermentation microorganisms are easy to lose along with the separation of solid matters, and the quick start of dry type anaerobism is not facilitated.
Mixing the pretreated cellulosic material and the livestock and poultry manure according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 20-30:1, adding rumen biological agent to start the processes of hydrolytic acidification and methane production, and adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.5 in the starting process. The method can promote hydrolytic acidification and methanogenesis balance by adding anaerobic microbial agent. The dry anaerobic engineering needs a large amount of anaerobic microbial inoculants for starting, a large amount of culture medium is needed for domestication culture, the domestication time is long, and the rapid starting of large and medium dry anaerobic engineering is not facilitated.
The anaerobic fermentation process can be divided into hydrolysis, acidification, acetogenesis hydrogen production and methanogenesis stages, the dry anaerobic system has high solid content and uneven mass transfer, and the four stages of the anaerobic fermentation process cannot be effectively coordinated and balanced. In the prior art, the microbial inoculum has single source, which is not beneficial to a dry anaerobic system to cover high diversity microbes needed by four stages of fermentation; in the prior art, in order to improve the microbial adaptability, an anaerobic system gradually increases the temperature, needs a longer time to reach the fermentation temperature, and reduces the starting rate; in the prior art, nutrients and inocula required for starting dry anaerobic fermentation are difficult to obtain in large quantities in a short time, the acquisition cost is high, and the large and medium dry anaerobic fermentation engineering is not easily started
Therefore, the invention aims at the problem that a dry anaerobic starting method which is suitable for large and medium-sized large kitchen garbage dry anaerobic fermentation projects and has the advantages of easy availability of starting materials, quick starting, low cost and easy control is invented, and basic conditions are provided for stable dry anaerobic operation.
Aiming at the problems of long high-temperature dry anaerobic starting time and low efficiency, the dry anaerobic high-temperature fermentation system is quickly started by adopting methods of suddenly rising fermentation temperature, multi-source inoculum, quickly absorbing nutrient sources, forming a complete mixing system and the like.
The starting method of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In at least one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a method for rapidly starting high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste comprises: s1, adding water with the effective volume of 50% into the system; s2, raising the temperature of the system to 55 ℃ and maintaining the temperature; s3, adding the multi-element microorganism with the effective volume of 40% into the system to start the inoculum; s4, adding a quick absorption nutrient source with an effective volume of 10% into the system; s5, mechanically stirring the system, and pumping the system to circulate 12-15% of the effective volume every 24 hours; s6, quantitatively monitoring various indexes of the system; s7, maintaining the index fluctuation less than or equal to 30% for 7 days, and successfully starting the fermentation system.
In at least one embodiment, the multi-microbial priming inoculum in S3 includes cow dung, activated sludge, aerobic fermentation compost added sequentially with an addition time interval of 24 hours.
In at least one embodiment, the addition ratio of the cow dung to the activated sludge to the aerobic fermentation stockpile is 3:1: 1.
In at least one embodiment, the nutrient source comprises a diverse source of kitchen waste having a broken particle size of 20mm or less.
In at least one embodiment, the nutrient source further comprises an iron-based additive.
In at least one embodiment, the ferrous additive is added in a ratio of 1/500-1/300 of the priming inoculum species.
In at least one embodiment, after the nutrient source is added in S4, it is mixed well and left for 15-20 hours at a medium temperature of 30-35 ℃.
In at least one embodiment, the rate of mechanical agitation is from 2 to 4 r/min.
In at least one embodiment, supplementing the nutrient source according to the metabolic balance of the substance is further included between S5 and S6, as shown in fig. 2.
In at least one embodiment, the indicators include biogas production, biogas composition, system pH, total organic acids in the system, i.e., total VFAs in the system, and the like.
In at least one embodiment, a method for rapidly starting high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
1. the starting base temperature of the dry anaerobic fermentation system was obtained at 55 ℃ (i.e. stable fermentation temperature): adding water with 50% of the effective volume of the anaerobic system into the system, wherein the adopted water types comprise biogas slurry, natural water, regenerated water, tap water and the like according to a proper degree sequence, raising the water in the system to 55 ℃ through a circulating water heating system of a dry anaerobic system, maintaining the basic temperature of 55 ℃, and effectively increasing molecular diffusion and vortex diffusion in the process;
2. the multi-source organic decay material is combined to form a multi-microbial starting inoculum: and obtaining inoculum such as cow dung, aerobic fermentation stacking material, activated sludge and the like nearby. In a dry anaerobic fermentation system maintaining the basic temperature of 55 ℃, cow dung, activated sludge and aerobic fermentation stockpile are sequentially added, the adding time interval is 24 hours, the adding proportion is 3:1:1, and the adding amount is 40 percent of the effective volume of the anaerobic system. The characteristics of the added cow dung are that TS is 18-23%, VS (wet weight) is 15% -20%, and C/N is 20-24; the added aerobic fermentation stacking material is a stacking material in an aerobic fermentation high-temperature period (50-60 ℃), and has the characteristics of TS (total sulfur) of 30-40%, VS (wet weight) of 20-25% and C/N (total carbon/nitrogen) of 10-13; the added activated sludge has the physical and chemical properties of TS (18-22%), VS (wet weight) of 30-40% and C/N of 5-7. The sequential addition at intervals of 24h aims to prevent the temperature shock from influencing the microbial adaptability and maintain the microbial diversity of the system.
3. Adding a fast absorption nutrient source to the system: fully crushing kitchen waste with various sources to a homogeneous phase state (no pores, no layering and no precipitation), wherein the crushed particle size is less than or equal to 20mm, adding an iron additive (iron and iron oxide) in an amount of 1/500-1/300 of a starting inoculum into a kitchen waste homogeneous system, fully mixing, placing for 15-20h under a medium temperature condition (30-35 ℃) to form a rapid absorption nutrient source containing a complex formed by combining a dissolved state organic carbon source, a suspended state organic carbon source, an organic nitrogen source, an organic matter and iron, and adding the nutrient source to 10% of the effective volume of a fermentation system.
4. The mechanical stirring and pumping circulation is adopted to realize the substance diffusion and the microbial activity in the system: the mechanical stirring rate is set to 2-4r/min, and the pumping circulation is 12-15% of the effective volume in 24 hours.
5. The nutrient source of the system is maintained to be sufficient: detecting the amount of methane and carbon dioxide generated by the metabolism of the system, and supplementing nutrient sources (kitchen garbage and iron additives) according to the balance of substance metabolism.
6. Quantitatively monitoring indexes such as biogas yield, biogas components, system pH, total system VFAs (total organic acid content) and the like: the index fluctuation is less than or equal to 30 percent and the index fluctuation is maintained for 7 days, which can indicate that the fermentation system is successfully started.
Based on the above description, the starting method proposed by the present invention has at least the following advantages:
1. the temperature is suddenly raised to 55 ℃ by adopting water as a system medium, the temperature rise time is short, and the start-up time is shortened.
2. The multi-source organic decay materials added according to a certain proportion can effectively increase the diversity of anaerobic microorganisms, solve the problem of unbalanced microorganism types and quantity, particularly can increase the types of high-temperature resistant anaerobic microorganisms, and is beneficial to the rapid and stable start of a system; in addition, because the activated sludge and aerobic fermentation stockpile have a large amount of aerobic microorganisms, an anaerobic environment can be quickly formed, and the activated sludge and aerobic fermentation stockpile are basically not influenced by quick increase of temperature due to rich varieties.
3. The broken kitchen garbage and the iron additives are mixed and placed under the condition of medium temperature (30-35 ℃), and the formed complex of organic matters and iron is beneficial to the growth and the propagation of methanogens.
4. The full-mixing system formed by mechanical stirring and pumping circulation can accelerate mass transfer and microbial metabolism reproduction, is beneficial to the interactive flow of different sections of the system, and can quickly form a stable high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation system.
Unless defined otherwise, technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Terms such as "disposed" and the like, as used herein, may refer to one element being directly attached to another element or one element being attached to another element through intervening elements. Features described herein in one embodiment may be applied to another embodiment, either alone or in combination with other features, unless the feature is otherwise inapplicable or otherwise stated in the other embodiment.
The present invention has been illustrated by the above embodiments, but it should be understood that the above embodiments are for illustrative and descriptive purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention to the scope of the described embodiments. Furthermore, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that many variations and modifications may be made in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A kitchen waste high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation rapid starting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, adding water with the effective volume of 50% into the system;
s2, raising the temperature of the system to 55 ℃ and maintaining the temperature;
s3, adding a multi-element microorganism starter inoculum with the effective volume of 40% into the system;
s4, adding a quick absorption nutrient source with an effective volume of 10% into the system;
s5, mechanically stirring the system, and pumping and circulating the system for 12-15% of the effective volume every 24 hours;
s6, quantitatively monitoring each index of the system;
s7, maintaining the index fluctuation less than or equal to 30% for 7 days, and successfully starting the fermentation system.
2. The start-up method of claim 1, wherein said multi-microbial start-up inoculum in S3 comprises cow dung, activated sludge, aerobic fermentation compost added sequentially with a time interval of 24 hours.
3. The starting method according to claim 2, wherein the cow dung, the activated sludge and the aerobic fermentation stockpile are added in a ratio of 3:1: 1.
4. The start-up method of claim 1, wherein the nutrient source comprises a diverse source of kitchen waste having a broken particle size of 20mm or less.
5. The method of starting according to claim 4, wherein the nutrient source further comprises an iron-based additive.
6. The priming method of claim 5, wherein said ferrous additive is added in a proportion of 1/500-1/300 of said priming inoculum species.
7. The starting method according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient source is added to S4, and the mixture is mixed well and left at a medium temperature of 30 to 35 ℃ for 15 to 20 hours.
8. The start-up method of claim 1, wherein the rate of mechanical agitation is 2 to 4 r/min.
9. The priming method of claim 1, further comprising supplementing the nutrient source between S5 and S6 based on the metabolic balance.
10. The starting method according to claim 1, wherein the indexes comprise biogas production, biogas composition, system pH, and total system organic acid amount.
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| CN110257437A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-09-20 | 北京工商大学 | A kind of kitchen garbage dry-type anaerobic fermentation quick start and stable operation method |
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- 2021-12-24 CN CN202111609351.9A patent/CN114438135A/en active Pending
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| KR20070021335A (en) * | 2005-08-18 | 2007-02-23 | 최영철 | Hybrid Anaerobic-Aerobic Advanced Wastewater Treatment Process for the Combined Treatment of Food-waste and Pig-manure. |
| CN105543285A (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2016-05-04 | 青岛天人环境股份有限公司 | Method for producing biogas by enhancing kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation |
| CN110257437A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-09-20 | 北京工商大学 | A kind of kitchen garbage dry-type anaerobic fermentation quick start and stable operation method |
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