CN114437358A - Polymer resin with polyethylene glycol side chain, preparation method thereof and power storage electrode - Google Patents

Polymer resin with polyethylene glycol side chain, preparation method thereof and power storage electrode Download PDF

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CN114437358A
CN114437358A CN202210086613.6A CN202210086613A CN114437358A CN 114437358 A CN114437358 A CN 114437358A CN 202210086613 A CN202210086613 A CN 202210086613A CN 114437358 A CN114437358 A CN 114437358A
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陈峥
贾松瑞
荣常如
刘佳琦
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Jilin University
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08G81/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
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    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/133Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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    • H01M4/622Binders being polymers

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Abstract

The invention relates to a polyethylene glycol side chain-containing polyaryletherketone/sulfone polymer material, which aims at the problem that unmodified pure polyethersulfone or polyetherketone polymers limit the conductivity between an electrode active material and a conductive medium and a current collector. In addition, the polymer with the polyethylene glycol side chain has enough adhesive force and adhesive strength as an adhesive, an electrode film can be prepared by adopting a wet method or a melt extrusion drying method, and an electrode active material and a conductive medium are adhered on a current collector, so that the electrode film is not easy to crack and fall off, and an electrochemical device has enough capacity and cycle performance and excellent rate performance.

Description

Polymer resin with polyethylene glycol side chain, preparation method thereof and power storage electrode
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy sources, and particularly relates to a polymer resin with a polyethylene glycol side chain, a preparation method and a power storage electrode.
Background
The electrode is a core component of an electric energy storage device such as a power battery and a capacitor, and is also the largest part of the cost of the electric energy storage device such as the battery and the capacitor. The conductive paste mainly comprises four parts, namely an active substance, a conductive agent, a binder and a current collector. The conventional electrode preparation method is to uniformly disperse active substances, conductive agents and binders in a solvent and then coat the active substances, the conductive agents and the binders on a current collector to prepare a pole piece. In addition, the active substance, the conductive agent and the binder can be mechanically manufactured into a film and then adhered to a current collector to manufacture the pole piece. In the whole preparation process of the electrode, although the dosage of the binder is small, the binder is an additional material with higher technical content in the electrode material.
The polyaryletherketone and polyaryletherketone materials with good heat-resistant stability and chemical stability are applied to the field of power batteries and mainly applied to the field of battery diaphragms due to good heat-resistant stability, chemical stability and electrochemical stability. In recent years, with the rapid development of lithium batteries, materials such as polyarylethersulfones and polyaryletherketones are beginning to be applied to solid electrolytes and electrode binders. Due to the large number of aromatic ring structures, the material has excellent mechanical properties such as high tensile strength and elastic recovery capability, so that the material can effectively limit the thickness change of the electrode in the lithium intercalation process. The lithium ion battery can also show better recovery capability in the lithium removal process, and can effectively maintain the stability of the electrode in the lithium removal and insertion process. However, due to its insulating properties, unmodified pure polyethersulfone or polyetherketone-based polymeric materials are electrically resistive to electrons and lithium ions, limiting to some extent the electrical conductivity between the electrode active material and the conductive media and current collectors. Therefore, if a novel binder capable of enhancing the conductivity of the electrode can be developed, the binder is very important for the fields of silicon-carbon negative electrodes and lithium-air electrodes, and is bound to become an important means for preparing batteries with high cycle stability and high rate characteristics.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of the existing polyarylethersulfone and polyaryletherketone materials, provides a polyarylethersulfone and polyaryletherketone polymer resin with polyethylene glycol side chains, further provides a preparation method of the polymer resin and provides a power storage electrode.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
firstly, in the aspect of structural design of materials, a large-branched polyethylene glycol chain segment with low polymerization degree is adopted as a side chain of an aryl ether ketone or a polyarylethersulfone material, so that lithium ions can be effectively conducted through the chain segment, the transmission speed of the lithium ions in a battery is improved, and the difficult problem that the side chain of polyethylene glycol is easy to crystallize is solved due to the characteristics of a large-branched structure and low polymerization degree, and the problems that the chain segment is slow in movement and low in ionic conductivity due to the fact that the polyethylene glycol chain segment is easy to highly crystallize at room temperature are solved; then, the electrode film and the corresponding electrode preparation method provided by the invention are adopted to produce a finished electrode.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a polymer resin with a polyethylene glycol side chain structure, which is characterized in that: is a polymer of type (I) and comprises a structural chain segment of formula (I);
Figure BDA0003487119740000021
wherein n and m are positive integers representing the degree of polymerization;
a is one of structures shown in formulas (A1) to (A6):
Figure BDA0003487119740000031
formula (A3), (A6) wherein, X is 1,2 or 3;
b is one of structures shown in formulas (B1) to (B3):
Figure BDA0003487119740000032
formulas (B1) - (B3) are shown in the specification, wherein y is an integer of 1-100;
e is one of the structures shown in formulas (E1) to (E4):
Figure BDA0003487119740000033
a preparation method of polymer resin with a polyethylene glycol side chain structure comprises the following steps:
A. stirring and heating a difluoride monomer containing a sulfone group or a ketone group, a bisphenol monomer, a side-chain carboxyl bisphenol monomer, a catalyst, a solvent and toluene as a water-carrying agent in a nitrogen environment to 140-150 ℃ to reflux the toluene for 3h, discharging the toluene and water by using an oil-water separator after the toluene and the water are fully carried out, heating to 160-190 ℃ for continuous reaction for 3-8h, discharging the obtained product into an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid to obtain a white blocky solid, crushing the solid, boiling and washing, and drying to obtain an intermediate polymer (i);
B. mixing the obtained polymer (I) with polyvinyl alcohol B-OH, N' -Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) with linear or branched structures of different chain segment lengths and tetrahydrofuran solution, stirring overnight at room temperature under nitrogen, filtering to remove impurities after the reaction is finished, discharging in ethanol to obtain a polymer crude product, and heating and drying to obtain the (I) type polymer.
Further, in the step A, the catalyst is at least one of potassium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate; the solvent is at least two of N, N' -dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, sulfolane and N-methylpyrrolidone.
A power storage electrode, characterized by: the invention also provides a method for preparing the polymer (I) by using the polymer (I) as a binder through a dry method or a wet method.
Further, the dry method specifically comprises the following steps: preliminarily premixing the ground and dried conductive agent, active substance and fine binder powder particles; then adding a double screw for further composite dispersion and melt extrusion; a self-supporting dry film of the electrode, namely a dry electrode film, is prepared by extruding a sheet die orifice, and the dry electrode film is adhered on a current collector after anhydrous drying to prepare the electrode.
Further, the dry electrode film is adhered to a current collector by heating and rolling to form an electrode, or is adhered to the current collector by a conductive adhesive and then rolled to form an electrode.
Further, the wet method specifically comprises the following steps: dissolving a binder in a solvent, adding a conductive agent and an active substance in batches, and fully mixing and dispersing in the solvent to obtain stable electrode slurry; then coating the solution on a current collector; and heating and drying to prepare the electrode, wherein the dosage of the solvent is 1-60 times of the total mass of the electrode active material, the conductive agent and the binder.
Furthermore, the active substance accounts for 50 to 99 percent, the conductive medium accounts for 0.5 to 25 percent and the binder accounts for 0.5 to 20 percent by weight percentage.
Still further, the active material includes a positive active material, a negative active material and other non-carbon negative materials, wherein the positive active material includes lithium cobaltate, lithium nickel cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium nickel cobalt ferrate, lithium nickelate, ternary materials and the like, the negative active material includes natural graphite, artificial graphite, mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB), soft carbon (such as coke), hard carbon, carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon fibers, microphone (MXene) and the like, and the other non-carbon negative materials are mainly classified into silicon-based and composite materials thereof, nitride negative electrodes, tin-based materials, lithium titanate, alloy materials and the like, but not limited to particle size, specific surface area, crystal form, hardness, and combination manner; the conductive substance comprises traditional conductive agents such as carbon black, conductive graphite, carbon fiber and the like, and novel conductive agents such as carbon nano tubes, graphene, microphone, conductive polymers and the like, but is not limited to particle size, specific surface area, crystal form and hardness.
Furthermore, the current collector is one or more of metal foils such as copper foil, aluminum foil, carbon-coated aluminum foil and carbon-coated copper foil, metal meshes such as nickel mesh, copper mesh, aluminum mesh and stainless steel mesh, foam metals such as metal sheet layer, porous metal foil and foam nickel, carbon cloth, graphite plate, graphene layer and carbon nanotube layer, and can be used in a single layer or in a layer structure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the electrode binder is a polymer resin material with a side chain containing polyethylene glycol and a main chain of a polyaryletherketone/sulfone structure, and the main chain and the side chain structure in the polymer have good thermal stability, chemical stability and electrochemical stability, so that the requirements of the electrode on the binder are met;
2. the rigidity of the main chain structure is beneficial to maintaining the film forming stability of the self-supporting film, and in addition, the resin material with the polyaryletherketone/sulfone structure has strong adhesion to a metal current collector, which is far higher than that of the conventional polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride, and is beneficial to the stability of electrodes;
3. the flexible polyvinyl alcohol chain segment structure of the side chain is beneficial to regulating and controlling the processing performance of the polymer resin; on one hand, the lithium ion battery can bring a good wetting effect between an electrolyte and an electrode, for example, lithium ions can be rapidly transmitted back and forth between an electrode active material and the electrolyte, so that the lithium battery which can stably run under the rapid charging and discharging condition is obtained; on the other hand, a self-aggregation phase can be formed, and the effects of weakening and buffering the contraction and expansion problem of the electrode volume are achieved in the working process of the electrode;
4. the proper combination of the hard-soft segment makes the adhesive have the easy processing characteristic of preparing the electrode by a dry method, has good solubility and can complete the processing technology of preparing the electrode by a conventional wet method in various solvents.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is an IR spectrum of a polymer P14-P17 provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the NMR spectra of polymers P14-P17 provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of glass transition temperatures of polymers P1, P14-P17 provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a positive electrode preparation flow of example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a negative electrode preparation process of example 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional scanning electron microscope image of a sample of a lithium battery positive electrode prepared by a wet process in example 8 of the present invention and exemplified by polymer P4;
FIG. 7 is a reaction scheme for the preparation of polymer resins with polyethylene glycol side chains according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The polymer resin with the polyethylene glycol side chain structure comprises a structural chain segment shown in a formula (I):
Figure BDA0003487119740000071
wherein n and m are positive integers representing the degree of polymerization;
a is one of structures shown in formulas (A1) to (A6):
Figure BDA0003487119740000072
in the formulae (A3) and (A6), X is 1,2 or 3;
b is one of structures shown in formulas (B1) to (B3):
Figure BDA0003487119740000073
in the formulae (B1) to (B3), y is an integer of 1 to 100.
E is one of the structures shown in formulas (E1) to (E4):
Figure BDA0003487119740000074
in an embodiment provided by the present invention, the structure may be specifically a P1-P41 structure:
Figure BDA0003487119740000081
Figure BDA0003487119740000091
the preparation method of the polymer resin with the polyethylene glycol side chain structure comprises the following steps:
1. putting a diphenylsulfone or diphenylketone monomer containing a double-halogen structure and a bisphenol structure monomer, a bisphenol monomer containing a carboxyl side chain, a catalyst (potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or any combination of the potassium carbonate and the sodium bicarbonate), a solvent (N, N' -dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, sulfolane, N-methylpyrrolidone or any combination of two or more of the two), and a water-carrying agent (toluene) into a multi-neck flask provided with an oil-water separator and a mechanical stirring device, stirring and heating to 140-150 ℃ under the protection of inert gas (nitrogen or argon) to reflux the toluene for 3h, discharging the toluene and water by using an oil-water separator after fully carrying water, then increasing the temperature to 160-190 ℃ to stir and react for 3-8h, and discharging the mixture into a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution to obtain a white blocky solid. And (3) crushing the solid, boiling, washing and drying to obtain an intermediate polymer (i), and directly putting the intermediate polymer (i) into the next reaction, wherein the reaction formula is shown in figure 7.
Wherein n and m are positive integers representing the degree of polymerization;
a is one of the structures A1-A6:
Figure BDA0003487119740000101
in the formulas (A3) and (A6), X is 1,2 or 3;
e is one of structures shown as E1-E4:
Figure BDA0003487119740000102
2. mixing the polymer intermediate (I) with polyvinyl alcohol B-OH, N' -Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) with linear or branched structures of different chain segment lengths and tetrahydrofuran solution, stirring overnight at room temperature under nitrogen, filtering to remove impurities after the reaction is finished, discharging in ethanol to obtain a polymer crude product, and heating and drying to obtain the (I) type polymer.
Wherein n and m are positive integers representing the degree of polymerization;
a is one of the structures A1-A6:
Figure BDA0003487119740000111
in the formulas (A3) and (A6), X is 1,2 or 3;
b is one of the structures B1-B3:
Figure BDA0003487119740000112
in the formulae (B1) to (B3), y is an integer of 1 to 10000.
E is one of structures shown as E1-E4:
Figure BDA0003487119740000113
wherein, the corresponding molecular structure is obtained by changing different bifluoride monomers containing sulfuryl/keto and bisphenol monomers. The selected difluoride monomer (A1) containing sulfonyl is 4,4' -difluoro diphenyl sulfone; (A2) the formula is 4,4' -bis (4-fluoro-diphenylsulfone) ether; (A3) the formula is 1, 4-di (4-fluorobenzene sulfonyl) benzene or 4,4 '-di (4-fluorobenzene sulfonyl) biphenyl or 4,4' -di (4-fluorobenzene sulfonyl) terphenyl. The selected bifluoride monomer (A4) containing keto is 4,4' -difluorobenzophenone; (A5) formula (I) is 4,4' -bis (4-fluorobenzophenone-based) ether; (A6) the formula is 1, 4-bis (4-fluorophenonyl) benzene or 4,4 '-bis (4-fluorophenonyl) biphenyl or 4,4' -bis (4-fluorophenonyl) terphenyl. The selected monomer (E1) containing bisphenol is 4,4' -dihydroxy diphenylmethane; (E2) 2, 2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (i.e., bisphenol a); (E3) 4,4' - (hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphenol; (E4)4,4' -dihydroxydiphenyl ether.
In the preparation process of the present invention, the catalyst and the reactants are first charged into the reaction apparatus. Wherein the reactant comprises a side chain carboxyl bisphenol monomer and a difluoride monomer. When the copolymer is prepared according to the present invention, the reactants further comprise bisphenol monomer E. The catalyst is preferably potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or any combination of the potassium carbonate and the sodium bicarbonate, and the dosage of the catalyst is preferably 1.05-1.5 times of the molar weight of the sulfuryl-containing difluoride monomer. And then adding a solvent and toluene as a water-carrying agent into the reaction device, wherein the solvent can be N, N' -dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, sulfolane, N-methylpyrrolidone or any combination of two or more than three of the solvents. And after the catalyst, the reactant, the solvent and the water-carrying agent are added, the reaction is carried out. Wherein, the reaction is preferably carried out under the condition of removing water by toluene as a water-carrying agent; the water carrying temperature of the reaction is 140-150 ℃, toluene and water are discharged from the oil-water separator after the water is carried, the reaction temperature is increased to 160-190 ℃, and the reaction time is 3-8 h. After the reaction reaches a certain time, the viscosity of the system rises rapidly, and the reactant is poured into the hydrochloric acid removed aqueous solution to terminate the reaction. And finally, crushing, washing and drying the solid obtained by the reaction to obtain a polymer intermediate as shown in the formula (i).
And mixing the polymer intermediate (I) with polyvinyl alcohol B-OH, N' -Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) with different chain segment lengths and a tetrahydrofuran solution, stirring overnight at room temperature under nitrogen, filtering to remove impurities after the reaction is finished, discharging in ethanol to obtain a polymer crude product, and heating and drying to obtain the (I) type polymer binder with the polyethylene glycol side chain structure.
The power storage electrode is prepared by using the type (I) polymer as a binder through a dry method or a wet method. The binder may be any one type (I) polymer, or any combination of a plurality of types (I) polymers.
The dry method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. compounding superfine polyethylene glycol side chain-containing type (I) polymer powder particles with a conductive agent by a ball mill or a high-speed stirrer, adding an active material, and continuously performing compound processing by the ball mill or the high-speed stirrer to finally form a premixed dry material; according to weight percentage, the active substance is 50 to 99 percent, the conductive medium is 0.5 to 25 percent, and the binder is 0.5 to 20 percent; the dosage of the solvent is 1-60 times of the total mass of the electrode active material, the conductive agent and the binder.
2. Adding the premixed dry material into a double-screw extruder, extruding the premixed dry material from a sheet die orifice through four temperature control areas of 170 ℃, 185 ℃, 195 ℃ and 190 ℃, and cooling and drying the premixed dry material in a waterless area to obtain a self-supporting electrode dry film taking the type (I) polymer as a binder to form a dry electrode film; the dry electrode film has a thickness of 20-260 microns; the method is suitable for preparing the anode and the cathode.
3. Adhering the dry electrode film on a current collector through conductive adhesive, and rolling at 280 ℃ to prepare a positive electrode/a negative electrode; or directly hot-pressing with a metal current collector at 280 ℃ to obtain the electrode. The electrode film has a thickness of 20-260 microns; the method is suitable for preparing the anode and the cathode.
In step 3, the dry electrode film and the current collector can be adhered to the current collector through the conductive adhesive and the rolling operation, and the current collector can be adhered to the dry electrode film on one side of the dry electrode film in the modes of evaporation, electroplating, spraying, deposition, 3d printing and the like, and can be used independently or combined by multiple methods.
The wet method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. dissolving type (I) polymer fine powder particles containing polyethylene glycol side chains in an organic solvent, sequentially adding a conductive agent and an active material, and mechanically stirring the mixture for a long time to obtain a viscous liquid mixed with the type (I) polymer fine powder particles and the active material; according to weight percentage, the active substance is 50-99%, the conductive medium is 0.5-25%, and the binder is 0.5-20%.
2. Then coating the solution on a current collector;
3. heating and drying to obtain the electrode.
In the dry and wet electrode preparation processes, the active material comprises: the positive active materials include lithium cobaltate, lithium nickel cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium nickel cobalt ferrite, lithium nickelate, ternary materials and the like; and negative active materials such as natural graphite, artificial graphite, mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB), soft carbon (e.g., coke), hard carbon, carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon fibers, graphene (MXene), and the like, and other non-carbon negative materials mainly include silicon-based and composite materials thereof, nitride negative electrodes, tin-based materials, lithium titanate, alloy materials, and the like, but are not limited to particle size, specific surface area, crystal form, hardness, and combination manner; the conductive substance includes: traditional conductive agents such as carbon black, conductive graphite and carbon fiber, and novel conductive agents such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, microphone and conductive polymers, but not limited to particle size, specific surface area, crystal form and hardness.
The current collector is one or more of metal foils such as copper foil, aluminum foil, carbon-coated copper foil and the like, metal meshes such as nickel mesh, copper mesh, aluminum mesh, stainless steel mesh and the like, foam metals such as metal sheet layer, porous metal foil, foam nickel and the like, carbon cloth, graphite plate, graphene layer and carbon nanotube layer, and can be used in a single layer or a layer structure;
the binder, the continuous electrode film and the electrode product are characterized in that the binder, the continuous electrode film and the electrode product are applied to various chemical power sources; the plurality of chemical sources of electrical energy include: lithium batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, metal-air batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, and the like; the electrolyte may be a solid electrolyte or a liquid electrolyte.
Example 1: preparation of Binder P1
Step 1: 4,4 '-dihydroxydiphenyl-n-pentanoic acid (0.20mol), 4' -difluorodiphenyl sulfone (0.20mol), 1.2 equivalents of catalyst potassium carbonate (0.24mol), 260mL of NMP (solid content 25%), 100mL of toluene as a water-carrying agent were put into a 50mL three-necked flask equipped with a nitrogen port, an oil-water separator, and mechanical stirring, heated under stirring in a nitrogen atmosphere until toluene refluxed for 3 hours, and after being sufficiently hydrated, toluene and water were discharged with the oil-water separator. The temperature is raised to 170 ℃ and the reaction is stirred for 8 h. After the reaction, the solution was poured into 500mL of an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution with stirring. Pulverizing into powder with tissue pulverizer, filtering under reduced pressure, collecting solid precipitate, boiling with hot water (5 times 1000mL) and ethanol (3 times 500mL), filtering, collecting, standing in oven, and drying at 80 deg.C for 10 hr. A white polymer intermediate was obtained (yield 90%).
Step 2: the polymer intermediate (0.10mol) was directly dissolved in 300mL of dry tetrahydrofuran, and then N, N' -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC, 0.15mol), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP, 0.015mol), 2,5,8,11,15,18,21, 24-octaoxopentacosan-13-ol (0.50mol) were added to the solution in this order, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 hours under nitrogen protection. After the reaction is finished, filtering and repeatedly discharging the materials into ethanol. A white polymer was obtained. Vacuum drying at 110 ℃ for 24 hours gave white polymeric binder P1 (93% yield).
Example 2: preparation of Binder P4
The present embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: the pre-polymerized double-halogenated monomer adopted in the step one is 4,4' -difluorobenzophenone. Stirring and heating the mixture in a nitrogen atmosphere until toluene refluxes for 2 hours to finish the water carrying process, and then discharging the toluene and water by using an oil-water separator. The temperature was then raised to 175 ℃ and the reaction stirred for 9 hours. Other steps are the same as in the embodiment. A white polymeric binder P1 was obtained (yield 90%).
Example 3: preparation of Binder P10
Step 1: 4,4 '-dihydroxydiphenyl-n-pentanoic acid (0.20mol), 4' -difluorodiphenyl sulfone (0.20mol), 1.2 equivalents of catalyst potassium carbonate (0.24mol), 260mL of NMP (solid content 25%), 100mL of toluene as a water-carrying agent were put into a 50mL three-necked flask equipped with a nitrogen port, an oil-water separator, and mechanical stirring, heated under stirring in a nitrogen atmosphere until toluene refluxed for 3 hours, and after being sufficiently hydrated, toluene and water were discharged with the oil-water separator. The temperature is raised to 170 ℃ and the reaction is stirred for 8 h. After the reaction, the solution was poured into 500mL of an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution with stirring. Pulverizing into powder with tissue pulverizer, filtering under reduced pressure, collecting solid precipitate, boiling with hot water (5 times 1000mL) and ethanol (3 times 500mL), filtering, collecting, standing in oven, and drying at 80 deg.C for 10 hr. A white polymer intermediate was obtained (91% yield).
Step 2: the above polymer intermediate (0.10mol) was directly dissolved in 300mL of dry tetrahydrofuran, and then N, N' -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC, 0.15mol), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP, 0.015mol), (3,4, 5-tris (2- (2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethoxy) phenyl) methanol (0.50mol) were sequentially added to the solution, and stirred at room temperature for 48 hours under nitrogen. After the reaction is finished, filtering and repeatedly discharging the materials into ethanol. A white polymer was obtained. Vacuum drying at 110 ℃ for 24 hours gave white polymeric binder P10 (87% yield).
Example 4: preparation of Binder P18
The present embodiment differs from embodiment 3 in that: the pre-polymerized double-halogenated monomer adopted in the step one is 4,4' -difluorobenzophenone. Stirring and heating the mixture in a nitrogen atmosphere until toluene reflows for 2.5 hours, finishing the water carrying process, and then discharging the toluene and water by using an oil-water separator. Then the temperature is raised to 170 ℃, 175 ℃ and 180 ℃ and the mixture is stirred and reacted for 2 hours, 2 hours and 3 hours respectively. Other steps are the same as in the embodiment. This gave a white polymeric binder P18 (yield 84%).
Example 5: preparation of Binder P28
Step 1: 4,4 '-dihydroxydiphenyl-n-pentanoic acid (0.10mol), 4' -difluorodiphenyl sulfone (0.20mol), bisphenol A ((0.10mol))1.2 equivalents of catalyst potassium carbonate (0.24mol), 260mL of NMP (solid content 25%), 100mL of water-carrying agent toluene were put into a 50mL three-necked flask equipped with a nitrogen port, an oil-water separator, and mechanical stirring, heated under stirring in a nitrogen atmosphere until toluene refluxed for 3 hours, and after sufficient water-carrying, toluene and water were discharged with the oil-water separator. The temperature is raised to 170 ℃ and the reaction is stirred for 8 h. After the reaction, the solution was poured into 500mL of an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution with stirring. Pulverizing into powder with tissue pulverizer, filtering under reduced pressure, collecting solid precipitate, boiling with hot water (5 times 1000mL) and ethanol (3 times 500mL), filtering, collecting, standing in oven, and drying at 80 deg.C for 10 hr. A white polymer intermediate was obtained (yield 87%).
Step 2: the above polymer intermediate (0.10mol) was directly dissolved in 300mL of dry tetrahydrofuran, and then N, N' -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC, 0.15mol), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP, 0.015mol), (3,4, 5-tris (2- (2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethoxy) phenyl) methanol (0.30mol) were sequentially added to the solution, and stirred at room temperature for 48 hours under nitrogen. After the reaction is finished, filtering and repeatedly discharging the materials into ethanol. A white polymer was obtained. Vacuum drying at 110 ℃ for 24 hours gave white polymeric binder P28 (83% yield).
Example 6: preparation of Binder P31
The present embodiment differs from embodiment 5 in that: the pre-polymerized double-halogenated monomer adopted in the step one is 4,4' -difluorobenzophenone. Stirring and heating the mixture in a nitrogen atmosphere until toluene reflows for 2.5 hours, finishing the water carrying process, and then discharging the toluene and water by using an oil-water separator. Then the temperature is increased to 160 ℃, 165 ℃ and 170 ℃ and the reaction is stirred for 2 hours, 2 hours and 1 hour respectively. Other steps are the same as in the embodiment. This gave a white polymeric binder P31 (yield 86%).
Example 7: wet preparation of lithium battery positive electrode by taking polymer P1 as example
(1) Adopting dry nickel cobalt lithium ferrite powder as an active substance, carbon black powder as a conductive agent and polymer P1 as a powder binder, and uniformly mixing the three powders by a high-speed mixer according to a mass ratio of 83:5:12 at dry room temperature for 5 minutes each time and 3 times in total to obtain a dry mixture;
(2) dispersing and dissolving the mixture obtained in the step (1) in anhydrous methyltetrahydrofuran, wherein the mass ratio of the solvent to the binder P1 is 15: 1, stirring at a high speed for 1 hour until the corresponding electrode slurry is uniformly coated;
(3) and (3) uniformly coating the electrode slurry prepared in the step (2) on two sides of an aluminum foil with the thickness of 14 microns, transferring the aluminum foil to an oven for drying, starting gradient temperature rise from 60 ℃, rising to 120 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃ per 1 hour, then carrying out vacuum drying at the temperature for 6 hours, recovering the room temperature, taking out, and finally forming a finished electrode through three processes of mechanical cold pressing, strip separation and tab welding to obtain the positive electrode piece with the thickness of about 80 microns and capable of being used for the lithium battery.
Example 8: wet preparation of lithium battery positive electrode by taking polymer P4 as example
The present embodiment differs from embodiment 7 in that: the solution used for preparing the electrode slurry in the step (2) is N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), and the mass ratio of the agent to the binder P4 is 10: 1. and in the step (3), the temperature rise process of the oven drying is carried out by starting from 80 ℃ and carrying out gradient temperature rise, wherein the temperature rise speed is 20 ℃ per 1 hour to 150 ℃, then the drying is carried out for 8 hours in vacuum at the temperature, and the drying is carried out after the room temperature is recovered. Other steps are the same as in the embodiment.
Example 9: dry preparation of lithium battery positive electrode by taking polymer P14 as example
(1) After 30 minutes, the binder P14 ultrafine powder particles are compounded with a conductive agent by a ball mill or a high-speed stirrer, then an active material lithium cobaltate is added, and the ball mill compounding processing is continued for 1 hour, so as to finally form a black premixed dry material;
(2) adding the premixed dry material into a double-screw extruder, extruding the premixed dry material from a sheet die orifice through four temperature control areas of 150 ℃, 160 ℃, 165 ℃ and 170 ℃, and cooling and drying the premixed dry material in a waterless area to obtain a self-supporting electrode dry film taking the type (I) polymer as a binder to form a dry electrode film;
(3) the dry electrode film is adhered to a current collector through conductive adhesive, and a positive electrode is manufactured through 220-roll pressing. And then, taking out the electrode after the room temperature is recovered, and finally forming a finished electrode through three processes of mechanical cold pressing, splitting and tab welding to obtain the positive pole piece which is about 110 microns thick and can be used for the lithium battery.
Example 10: preparation of lithium battery positive electrode by taking polymer P4 as an example
(1) Adopting dry nickel cobalt lithium ferrite powder as an active substance, carbon black powder as a conductive agent and polymer P1 as a powder binder, and uniformly mixing the three powders by a high-speed mixer according to a mass ratio of 83:5:12 at dry room temperature for 5 minutes each time and 3 times in total to obtain a dry mixture;
(2) dispersing and dissolving the mixture obtained in the step (1) in anhydrous methyltetrahydrofuran, wherein the mass ratio of the solvent to the binder P1 is 15: 1, stirring at a high speed for 1 hour until the corresponding electrode slurry is uniformly coated;
(3) and (3) uniformly coating the electrode slurry prepared in the step (2) on two sides of an aluminum foil with the thickness of 14 microns, transferring the aluminum foil to an oven for drying, starting gradient temperature rise from 60 ℃, rising to 120 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃ per 1 hour, then carrying out vacuum drying at the temperature for 6 hours, recovering the room temperature, taking out, and finally forming a finished electrode through three processes of mechanical cold pressing, strip separation and tab welding to obtain the positive electrode piece with the thickness of about 80 microns and capable of being used for the lithium battery.
Example 11: wet preparation of lithium battery negative electrode by taking polymer P1 as example
(1) Uniformly mixing three kinds of powder in a mass ratio of 85:7:8 by using a dry negative electrode silicon-carbon active material (consisting of 35% by mass of fine silica powder and 65% by mass of fine graphite powder) as an active substance, carbon black powder as a conductive agent and polymer P1 powder as a binder by using a high-speed mixer at dry room temperature, wherein the mixing time is 5 minutes each time and 3 times in total, so as to obtain a dry mixture;
(2) dispersing and dissolving the mixture obtained in the step (1) in anhydrous methyltetrahydrofuran, wherein the mass ratio of the solvent to the binder P1 is 15: 1, stirring at a high speed for 1 hour until the corresponding cathode electrode slurry is uniformly coated;
(3) and (3) uniformly coating the electrode slurry prepared in the step (2) on two sides of a copper foil with the thickness of 12 microns, transferring the copper foil to an oven for drying, starting gradient temperature rise from 60 ℃, rising to 120 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃ per 1 hour, then carrying out vacuum drying at the temperature for 6 hours, recovering the room temperature, taking out, and finally forming a finished electrode through three processes of mechanical cold pressing, strip splitting and tab welding to obtain the negative pole piece which is about 300 microns and can be used for the lithium battery.
Example 12: wet preparation of lithium battery negative electrode by taking polymer P15 as example
(1) Uniformly mixing the three kinds of powder in a mass ratio of 87:6:7 by using dry lithium titanate as an active substance, carbon black powder as a conductive agent and polymer P1 fine powder as a binder through a high-speed mixer at dry room temperature, wherein the mixing time is 15 minutes each time and 3 times in total, so as to obtain a dry mixture;
(2) dispersing and dissolving the mixture obtained in the step (1) in anhydrous N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), wherein the mass ratio of the solvent to the binder P16 is 10: 1, stirring at a high speed for 1 hour until the corresponding cathode electrode slurry is uniformly coated;
(3) and (3) uniformly coating the electrode slurry prepared in the step (2) on two sides of a copper foil with the thickness of 12 microns, transferring the copper foil to an oven for drying, starting gradient temperature rise from 60 ℃, rising to 150 ℃ at the speed of 20 ℃ per 1 hour, then carrying out vacuum drying at the temperature for 6 hours, recovering the temperature to room temperature, taking out, and finally forming a finished electrode through three processes of mechanical cold pressing, strip splitting and tab welding to obtain the negative pole piece which is about 120 microns and can be used for the lithium battery.
Example 13: dry preparation of negative electrode of lithium battery by taking polymer P16 as example
(1) After 30 minutes, the binder P16 ultrafine powder particles are compounded with a conductive agent by a ball mill or a high-speed stirrer, then an active material lithium titanate material is added, and the ball mill compounding processing is continued for 1 hour, and finally a black premixed dry material is formed;
(2) adding the premixed dry material into a double-screw extruder, extruding the premixed dry material from a sheet die orifice through four temperature control areas of 130 ℃, 140 ℃, 150 ℃ and 160 ℃, and cooling and drying the premixed dry material in a waterless area to obtain a self-supporting electrode dry film taking the type (I) polymer as a binder to form a dry electrode film;
(3) and adhering the dry electrode film on a copper foil through conductive adhesive, and rolling 220 to prepare a negative electrode current collector. And then, taking out the electrode after the room temperature is recovered, and finally forming a finished electrode through three processes of mechanical cold pressing, splitting and tab welding to obtain the negative pole piece which is about 100 microns thick and can be used for the lithium battery.
Example 14: preparation of lithium battery with polymer P1 as binder
Sequentially stacking the positive and negative electrode plates prepared in the embodiment 4, the commercial polypropylene film type diaphragm and the negative electrode plate prepared in the embodiment 5 according to a sequence to ensure that the isolating film is positioned between the positive and negative electrode plates, and then mechanically winding to prepare a bare cell; under the inert anhydrous condition, the bare cell is placed in a metal circular battery packaging shell, and the preparation of the lithium battery can be completed through the working procedures of liquid injection, formation, standing and the like.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not intended to be limited to the uses set forth in the specification and examples. It can be applied to all kinds of fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. It is therefore intended that the invention not be limited to the exact details and illustrations described and illustrated herein, but fall within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (10)

1. A polymer resin with a polyethylene glycol side chain structure is characterized in that: is a polymer of type (I) and comprises a structural chain segment of formula (I);
Figure FDA0003487119730000011
wherein n and m are positive integers representing the degree of polymerization;
a is one of structures shown in formulas (A1) to (A6):
Figure FDA0003487119730000012
wherein X is 1,2 or 3;
b is one of structures shown in formulas (B1) to (B3):
Figure FDA0003487119730000013
wherein y is an integer of 1-100;
e is one of the structures shown in formulas (E1) to (E4):
Figure FDA0003487119730000014
2. the method for preparing the polymer resin with the polyethylene glycol side chain structure according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
A. stirring and heating a difluoride monomer containing a sulfone group or a ketone group, a bisphenol monomer, a side-chain carboxyl bisphenol monomer, a catalyst, a solvent and toluene as a water-carrying agent in a nitrogen environment to 140-150 ℃ to reflux the toluene for 3h, discharging the toluene and water by using an oil-water separator after the toluene and the water are fully carried out, heating to 160-190 ℃ for continuous reaction for 3-8h, discharging the obtained product into an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid to obtain a white blocky solid, crushing the solid, boiling and washing, and drying to obtain an intermediate polymer (i);
B. mixing the obtained polymer (I) with polyvinyl alcohol B-OH, N' -Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) with linear or branched structures of different chain segment lengths and tetrahydrofuran solution, stirring overnight at room temperature under nitrogen, filtering to remove impurities after the reaction is finished, discharging in ethanol to obtain a polymer crude product, and heating and drying to obtain the (I) type polymer.
3. The method for preparing the polymer resin with the polyethylene glycol side chain structure according to claim 2, wherein in the step A, the catalyst is at least one of potassium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate; the solvent is at least two of N, N' -dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, sulfolane and N-methylpyrrolidone.
4. An electric power storage electrode using a polymer resin having a polyethylene glycol side chain structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the polymer of the type (I) is used as a binder and is prepared by a dry method or a wet method.
5. A power storage electrode according to claim 4, characterized in that said dry method comprises in particular the steps of: preliminarily premixing the ground and dried conductive agent, active substance and fine binder powder particles; then adding a double screw for further composite dispersion and melt extrusion; a self-supporting dry film of the electrode, namely a dry electrode film, is prepared by extruding a sheet die orifice, and the dry electrode film is adhered on a current collector after anhydrous drying to prepare the electrode.
6. A power storage electrode according to claim 5, wherein the dry electrode film is adhered to a current collector by heat rolling to form an electrode, or by a conductive adhesive to a current collector and then rolling to form an electrode.
7. A power storage electrode according to claim 4, characterized in that the wet method comprises in particular the steps of: dissolving a binder in a solvent, adding a conductive agent and an active substance in batches, and fully mixing and dispersing in the solvent to obtain stable electrode slurry; then coating the solution on a current collector; and heating and drying to prepare the electrode, wherein the dosage of the solvent is 1-60 times of the total mass of the electrode active material, the conductive agent and the binder.
8. A power storage electrode according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the active material is 50% to 99%, the conductive medium is 0.5% to 25%, and the binder is 0.5% to 20% by weight.
9. The power storage electrode of any of claims 5 to 7, wherein the active material comprises a positive active material, a negative active material, and other non-carbon negative materials, wherein the positive active material comprises lithium cobaltate, lithium nickel cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium nickel cobalt ferrite, lithium nickelate, and ternary materials,
the negative active material comprises natural graphite, artificial graphite, mesocarbon microbeads, soft carbon, hard carbon, carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon fibers and microphone, and other non-carbon negative materials are mainly silicon-based and composite materials thereof, nitride negative electrodes, tin-based materials, lithium titanate and alloy materials; the conductive substance comprises carbon black, conductive graphite, carbon fiber, carbon nano tube, graphene, microphone and conductive polymer.
10. A power storage electrode according to any of claims 5 to 7, wherein: the current collector is one or more of a copper foil, an aluminum foil, a carbon-coated copper foil, a nickel net, a copper net, an aluminum net, a stainless steel net, a metal sheet layer, a porous metal foil, foamed nickel, carbon cloth, a graphite plate, a graphene layer and a carbon nanotube layer, and can be used in a single-layer mode or a layer structure mode.
CN202210086613.6A 2022-01-25 2022-01-25 Polymer resin with polyethylene glycol side chain, preparation method thereof and power storage electrode Pending CN114437358A (en)

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