CN114436575B - 高耐腐双纤维复掺改性修复砂浆及其制备方法 - Google Patents

高耐腐双纤维复掺改性修复砂浆及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114436575B
CN114436575B CN202210175123.3A CN202210175123A CN114436575B CN 114436575 B CN114436575 B CN 114436575B CN 202210175123 A CN202210175123 A CN 202210175123A CN 114436575 B CN114436575 B CN 114436575B
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王振山
徐吉宾
卢俊龙
李晓蕾
李爱国
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Abstract

本发明公开了高耐腐双纤维复掺改性修复砂浆,砂浆材料配比具体为:每300kg水泥混合砂400kg、减水剂4.5kg、保塑剂1kg、玄武岩1.5kg、聚丙烯0.6kg、矿粉60kg、硅灰10kg、石英砂50kg、甲基硅酸钠0.6kg、无机铝酸盐6kg和水106kg;本发明还公开了高耐腐双纤维复掺改性修复砂浆的制备方法;砂浆中添加玄武岩和聚丙烯纤维可以提升其耐腐蚀能力与施工性能,甲基硅酸钠的加入可生成树脂薄膜形成憎水层,无机铝酸盐可以降低砂浆吸水率,防水抗渗,各材料的加入综合提升砂浆的耐腐蚀性能;在对混凝土材料进行修复的同时,对其进行保护。

Description

高耐腐双纤维复掺改性修复砂浆及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于土木工程技术领域,具体涉及高耐腐双纤维复掺改性修复砂浆。
本发明还涉及高耐腐双纤维复掺改性修复砂浆的制备方法。
背景技术
混凝土凭借良好的受力性能及低廉的价格,在土木工程当中应用最为广泛。由于工程结构服役环境的多样性,当遭遇海洋、盐渍土、低温冻融等严苛环境时,混凝土材料受到各类腐蚀介质侵蚀,主要包括酸、盐等,当混凝土的服役环境中含有腐蚀介质时,混凝土中的化学成分便会和有害物质发生化学反应,生成可溶或稀松物质,使得混凝土结构发生破坏,强度降低。材料性能的快速衰退导致工程结构寿命远达不到设计预期;同时,给结构安全带来巨大隐患;
混凝土的耐久性是指其抵抗大气作用、化学侵蚀、磨损或其他劣化过程而维持原有形状、质量和使用性能的能力。混凝土结构性能的劣化过程可以是物理作用或化学作用,但在实际工程中更多的是多种因素共同作用的结果。混凝土耐久性影响因素包括:
(1)混凝土抗渗性:抗渗性是指混凝土在压力水的作用下不渗水的能力。(2)混凝土抗冻性:混凝土的抗冻性是指混凝土在含水饱和情况下,在反复冻结和融化作用下,仍较好的保持原有性能的能力(3)抗侵蚀性:当混凝土所处环境的水中含有一些盐或酸时,混凝土中的化学成分如氢氧化钙便会和上述物质发生化学反应,生成可溶物质或松软的物质,继而使混凝土结构破坏,强度降低。(4)混凝土碳化:混凝土中的碱,在潮湿的环境下会和空气中的二氧化碳和水一起发生化学反应,有碳酸钙生成。发生这个反应的后果一是体积收缩,使混凝土产生裂缝,二是使混凝土碱度Ca(OH)2降低。这样混凝土中的钢筋在潮湿空气的作用下,钢筋开始生锈,钢筋生锈引起膨胀,引起混凝土表面强度和内部强度的差异。(5)碱-骨料反应:碱-骨料反应是指在有水的条件下,水泥中过量的碱性氧化物与骨料中的活性二氧化硅之间发生的反应。碱-骨料反应的速度很慢,一般在混凝土浇筑成型后几年逐渐开始,反应生成的碱-硅酸凝胶,能从周围介质中吸收水分而产生3倍以上体积膨胀,严重影响混凝土的耐久性。据统计,我国每年因结构耐久性不足带来的损失可达数千亿元,其中,混凝土抗冻性及抗酸、盐侵蚀性最为重要,也是混凝土耐久性问题的主要影响因素。
服役于腐蚀环境的混凝土结构,材料侵蚀是工程中最为常见的一类问题;为了保证结构的正常使用,需要对腐蚀后混凝土材料进行工程性修复,修复内容主要包括:1.表观修复,恢复原有几何尺寸;2.功能修复,修复后结构受力性能不能低于原有设计标准;3.功能保护,修复材料要具有较高的耐腐蚀性能,可对结构形成一定保护作用,延长结构使用寿命。据统计,我国每年因结构耐久性不足带来的损失可达数千亿元,对腐蚀后结构进行功能及防护一体修复的意义十分重大,具有广阔的工程应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供高耐腐双纤维复掺改性修复砂浆,以提高腐蚀环境下水泥基材料的耐久性;为修复受侵蚀结构并提高受侵蚀结构的防护能力,目前,市面上主要采用聚合物防腐砂浆进行修复,但由于聚合物砂浆存在寿命短、易降解且成本高等问题,提出了本发明的高耐腐双纤维复掺改性修复砂浆。
本发明还提供了高耐腐双纤维复掺改性修复砂浆的制备方法。
本发明所采用的第一个技术方案是,高耐腐双纤维复掺改性修复砂浆,砂浆材料具体配比为:砂浆材料配比具体为:每300kg水泥混合砂400kg、减水剂4.5kg、保塑剂1kg、玄武岩1.5kg、聚丙烯0.6kg、矿粉60kg、硅灰10kg、石英砂50kg、甲基硅酸钠0.6kg、无机铝酸盐6kg和水106kg。
本发明所采用的第二个技术方案是,高耐腐双纤维复掺改性修复砂浆的制备方法,具体按以下步骤实施:
步骤1,将砂进行预处理;
步骤2,将减水剂、保塑剂和甲基硅酸钠进行混合得到混合液;
步骤3,将水泥,砂再倒入矿粉、硅灰、石英砂、无机铝酸盐防水剂搅拌,搅拌均匀后倒入剩余水与混合液,继续搅拌。
本发明所采用的第二个技术方案的特点还在于:
其中步骤1中将砂进行清洗晒干至含水率小于0.3%,用80目筛过滤;
其中将筛过的细砂取部分与水用玄武岩和聚丙烯打散,具体为:将砂和水按质量比为1000:15混合,然后将砂揉搓均匀,玄武岩纤维和聚丙烯纤维加入湿润的砂中搓散;
其中步骤3中将水泥,砂再倒入矿粉、硅灰、石英砂、无机铝酸盐防水剂搅拌180s~200s,搅拌均匀后倒入剩余水与混合液,继续搅拌240s~250s。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明的两种纤维(玄武岩纤维、聚丙烯纤维)以及添加的掺合料解决了复杂环境中工程结构的腐蚀问题,玄武岩纤维是一种绿色、环保材料,可显著提升砂浆耐腐蚀能力;聚丙烯纤维对水泥基材料由于塑性收缩产生的裂缝有很好阻止作用;其次在砂浆中添加一定比例的甲基硅酸钠与材料反应生成一层树脂薄膜形成憎水层以达到防水的作用;在砂浆中添加一定比例的无机铝酸盐防水剂,可使砂浆不产生干收缩裂,降低吸水率,解决了防水防裂抗渗的问题;提高了受侵蚀严重的建(构筑)物的抗侵蚀能力及自修复能力;本发明砂浆成本约为市场普通聚合物砂浆成本的50%,经济效益优异的同时又保证了其抗压强度,工程应用价值显著,可实现工业化生产;本发明砂浆将大大改善传统防腐砂浆的不足,并具有较好的力学性质以及优异的成本优势,具有显著的科研及工程应用价值。
附图说明
图1是本发明的高耐腐双纤维复掺改性修复砂浆与聚合物砂浆表面沙化对比图;
图2是本发明的高耐腐双纤维复掺改性修复砂浆与聚合物砂浆孔洞对比图;
图3是本发明的高耐腐双纤维复掺改性修复砂浆与聚合物砂浆内部腐蚀晶体的对比图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。
本发明提供了高耐腐双纤维复掺改性修复砂浆,高耐腐双纤维复掺改性修复砂浆的配比具体为:砂浆材料配比具体为:每300kg水泥混合砂400kg、减水剂4.5kg、保塑剂1kg、玄武岩1.5kg、聚丙烯0.6kg、矿粉60kg、硅灰10kg、石英砂50kg、甲基硅酸钠0.6kg、无机铝酸盐6kg和水106kg;
其中核心材料含量比例:与胶凝材料相比,玄武岩纤维掺量为0.41%左右,聚丙烯纤维掺量为0.17%左右,甲基硅酸钠为0.17%左右,无机铝盐防水剂为1.7%左右;
本发明还提供了高耐腐双纤维复掺改性修复砂浆的制备方法,具体按以下步骤实施:
步骤1,将砂进行预处理,将砂进行清洗晒干至含水率小于0.3%,用80目筛过滤;将筛过的细砂取部分与水用玄武岩和聚丙烯打散,具体为:将砂和水按质量比为1000:15混合,然后将砂揉搓均匀,玄武岩和聚丙烯加入湿润的砂中搓散;
步骤2,将减水剂、保塑剂和甲基硅酸钠进行混合得到混合液;
步骤3,将水泥,砂再倒入矿粉、硅灰、石英砂、无机铝酸盐防水剂搅拌180s~200s,搅拌均匀后倒入剩余水与混合液,继续搅拌240s~250s。
实施例
具体配合比如下表1
表1砂浆配合比
Figure BDA0003518802230000051
(1)将普通河砂清洗晒干至含水率小于0.3%,用80目筛过滤;制作防腐砂浆时,按照所需配置量,称好各材料,取部分细砂与水用于纤维打散;每公斤砂加约15g水,将砂揉搓均匀润湿;(若含水率过大,纤维“聚团”情况会加重;过小,则会发生“打毛”情况);将纤维拌入湿润砂中搓散均匀备用;
(2)按每立方米砂浆,取少量水拌入4.5kg减水剂、1kg保塑剂、0.6kg甲基硅酸钠搅拌均匀备用;
(3)按每立方米砂浆,将300kg水泥,400kg砂(包含搓散纤维用砂)、再倒入胶凝材料(60kg矿粉、10kg硅灰、50kg石英砂、6kg无机铝酸盐防水剂)搅拌180秒,搅拌均匀后倒入剩余水与备用混合液,继续搅拌240秒左右。
表2各试件抗压强度(单位:Mpa)
Figure BDA0003518802230000061
表2中S2为聚合物砂浆,S5为高耐腐砂浆,可以看出高耐腐砂浆与聚合物砂浆相比,强度提高2倍,强度保有率1.3倍左右,优势显著。
针对主要材料,给出了高耐久修复砂浆的成本如下;聚合物砂浆市场售价为1000元/吨左右,分析可知,项目配置的砂浆较市面上聚合物砂浆价格,成本仅为其40%左右,且表现出较优性能。
Figure BDA0003518802230000062
Figure BDA0003518802230000071
(1)经过柠檬酸侵蚀实验分析(上表2),聚合物防腐砂浆S2强度保有率为63.56%,双掺防腐砂浆S5强度保有率为80.61%,为聚合物防腐砂浆的1.27倍;双掺防腐砂浆S5剩余强度为59.94Mpa,聚合物防腐砂浆S2剩余强度为29.16Mpa,新型防腐砂浆为其2.06倍,耐腐蚀性能优势巨大;
(2)聚合物防腐砂浆市场售价每吨1000元,双掺防腐砂浆S5每吨造价423元,仅为聚合物防腐砂浆的42.3%,经济优势显著;
(3)从图1中可以看出聚合物砂浆表面沙化明显,高耐腐砂浆表面沙化轻微;图2中聚合物砂浆孔洞较多,高耐腐砂浆孔洞较少;图3中聚合物砂浆内部腐蚀晶体分布众多,高耐腐砂浆内部腐蚀晶体分布较少;
综合分析,本项目研发的新型防腐砂浆在耐腐蚀性能、力学性质及经济性上具有明显优势,工程应用价值显著。

Claims (1)

1.高耐腐双纤维复掺改性修复砂浆的制备方法,其特征在于,浆料材料配比为:每300kg水泥混合砂400kg、减水剂4.5kg、保塑剂1kg、玄武岩1.5kg、聚丙烯0.6kg、矿粉60kg、硅灰10kg、石英砂50kg、甲基硅酸钠0.6kg、无机铝酸盐6kg和水106kg,具体按以下步骤实施:
步骤1,将砂进行预处理,将砂进行清洗晒干至含水率小于0.3%,用80目筛过滤,将筛过的细砂取部分与水用玄武岩和聚丙烯打散,具体为:将砂和水按质量比为1000:15混合,然后将砂揉搓均匀,玄武岩和聚丙烯加入湿润的砂中搓散;
步骤2,将减水剂、保塑剂和甲基硅酸钠进行混合得到混合液;
步骤3,将水泥,砂再倒入矿粉、硅灰、石英砂、无机铝酸盐防水剂搅拌180s~200s,搅拌均匀后倒入剩余水与混合液,继续搅拌240s~250s。
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