CN114434195B - Cam device for self-locking tool changing of main shaft of machining center - Google Patents
Cam device for self-locking tool changing of main shaft of machining center Download PDFInfo
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- CN114434195B CN114434195B CN202210228266.6A CN202210228266A CN114434195B CN 114434195 B CN114434195 B CN 114434195B CN 202210228266 A CN202210228266 A CN 202210228266A CN 114434195 B CN114434195 B CN 114434195B
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- locking
- main shaft
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- transmission
- cam
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
- B23Q5/02—Driving main working members
- B23Q5/04—Driving main working members rotary shafts, e.g. working-spindles
- B23Q5/20—Adjusting or stopping working-spindles in a predetermined position
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
- B23Q3/157—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools
Abstract
The invention discloses a cam device for self-locking tool changing of a main shaft of a machining center, and belongs to the technical field of machining. The cam box comprises a cam box body, a main shaft rotating mechanism rotationally arranged on the cam box body, a main shaft locking mechanism and a main shaft transmission mechanism which are arranged on the cam box body in a sliding manner; the main shaft locking mechanism comprises a sliding locking shaft, a locking gear, a locking guide rod and a tool changing locking spring, and the main shaft transmission mechanism comprises a sliding transmission shaft, a composite idle wheel, a transmission guide rod and a transmission locking spring. The cam device has reasonable structure, can lock the cutter output main shaft without stopping the machine, has high cutter changing efficiency and high safety, and is suitable for self-locking cutter changing of a machining center.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a cam device for self-locking tool changing of a main shaft of a machining center.
Background
The machining center usually needs to perform different machining processes when machining parts, so that different tools need to be replaced. In the prior art, when a cutter is replaced, a main shaft is required to stop rotating for safety, namely, a working motor is temporarily stopped, and then the cutter is replaced; in addition, because the static torque of the motor is smaller, the cutter spindle still has the possibility of rotating under the action of external force after the motor stops rotating. Therefore, certain disadvantages still exist when the cutter in the prior art is replaced: the service life of the working motor is reduced, the cutter replacement efficiency is low, and the safety is not high in the cutter replacement process. Therefore, the cam device capable of realizing self-locking tool changing without stopping has certain engineering value.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides the cam device which is reasonable in structure, can lock the cutter output main shaft without stopping the machine, has high cutter changing efficiency and high safety, and is suitable for a machining center and capable of self-locking and changing cutters.
In order to solve the problems, the solution proposed by the invention is as follows: the cam device for self-locking and tool changing of the main shaft of the machining center comprises a cam box body, a main shaft rotating mechanism arranged on the cam box body in a rotating mode, a main shaft locking mechanism and a main shaft transmission mechanism arranged on the cam box body in a sliding mode.
The left side wall and the right side wall of the middle part of the cam box body are respectively provided with a bearing hole A for accommodating a main shaft bearing A and a bearing hole B for accommodating a main shaft bearing B, the left side wall and the right side wall of the upper part of the cam box body are provided with two locking sliding chutes at the same height along the vertical direction, and the left side wall and the right side wall of the lower part of the cam box body are provided with two transmission sliding chutes at the same height along the vertical direction; the bearing hole A and the bearing hole B are coaxial.
The main shaft rotating mechanism comprises an input main shaft which is rotatably arranged on the cam box body along the horizontal direction, a disc cam and an incomplete gear which are fixedly arranged on the input main shaft, an output main shaft which is rotatably sleeved on the input main shaft, an output gear which is fixedly arranged on the output main shaft, and a driving motor which is arranged on the cam box body and is connected with the left end of the input main shaft; the trimming part of the disc cam corresponds to the gear tooth part of the incomplete gear, and the disc part of the disc cam corresponds to the toothless part of the incomplete gear; the right end of the output main shaft extends to the outside of the cam box body and is provided with a cutter for machining parts.
The main shaft locking mechanism comprises a sliding locking shaft, two ends of the sliding locking shaft penetrate through the two locking sliding grooves respectively, the sliding locking shaft is arranged along the horizontal direction, a locking gear is fixedly arranged on the sliding locking shaft and is in intermittent meshing with the output gear, a locking guide rod is arranged on the sliding locking shaft along the vertical direction, and a tool changing locking spring which is arranged on the locking guide rod and is always in a pressed state is sleeved on the locking guide rod.
The main shaft transmission mechanism comprises a sliding transmission shaft, a composite idler wheel, a transmission guide rod and a transmission locking spring, wherein two ends of the sliding transmission shaft respectively penetrate through the two transmission chutes and are arranged along the horizontal direction; the composite idler wheel is composed of a pinion and a bull gear which are coaxially and synchronously rotatably arranged, the pinion is in meshing transmission with the incomplete gear, and the bull gear is in meshing transmission with the output gear.
The diameter of the gear part in the incomplete gear is m times of the diameter of the small gear in the composite idle gear, and the diameter of the large gear in the composite idle gear is n times of the diameter of the output gear; and m and n are natural numbers larger than 1.
At the same time, only one of the sliding locking shaft and the sliding transmission shaft is in contact with the disc cam.
Furthermore, the input main shaft is further sleeved with a rolling bearing A and a rolling bearing B, and the rolling bearing A and the rolling bearing B are arranged in the output main shaft.
Furthermore, the upper end of the locking guide rod penetrates through a locking linear bearing arranged on the cam box body and extends to the outside of the cam box body; the tool changing locking spring is positioned inside the cam box body.
Furthermore, the lower end of the transmission guide rod penetrates through a transmission linear bearing arranged on the cam box body and extends to the outside of the cam box body, and the transmission locking spring is positioned in the cam box body.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: the cam device for the self-locking tool changing of the main shaft of the machining center is provided with the disc cam and the incomplete gear which are matched to work, so that when the output gear is disengaged from the locking gear and is engaged with the composite idler wheel, the output main shaft and the tool can keep a rotating state under the rotating acting force of the input main shaft, and the part is machined; when the output gear is disengaged from the composite idle gear and is meshed with the locking gear to be locked, the output main shaft cannot rotate due to the rotation of the input main shaft, and the output main shaft is ensured to be in a static locking state when a tool is replaced. The invention can replace the cutter without stopping the machine, thereby prolonging the service life of the motor, shortening the cutter replacement time and simultaneously improving the safety of cutter replacement. Therefore, the cam device has the advantages of reasonable structure, capability of locking the cutter output spindle without stopping the machine, high cutter changing efficiency and high safety, and is suitable for self-locking cutter changing of a machining center.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cam device for self-locking tool changing of a machining center spindle.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure principle of coaxial installation of the disc cam and the incomplete gear in the invention.
In the drawings, 1 — a cam housing; 11-bearing bore a; 12-bearing bore B; 13-locking the chute; 14-a transmission chute; 20-driving a motor; 21-input spindle; 22-disc cam; 221-trimming section; 222 — a disc portion; 23-incomplete gear; 231-a gear tooth part; 232-toothless part; 24-an output spindle; 25-rolling bearing a; 26-output gear; 27-rolling bearing B; 31-sliding locking shaft; 32-a locking gear; 33-locking guide rod; 34-tool changing locking spring; 35-locking the linear bearing; 41-sliding transmission shaft; 42-compound idler wheel; 43 — an idler bearing; 44-a drive guide bar; 45-driving a locking spring; 46-driving linear bearings; 5, cutting tools; 51-main shaft bearing a; 52-main shaft bearing B.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the cam device for self-locking and tool changing of a main shaft of a machining center comprises a cam box body 1, a main shaft rotating mechanism rotatably arranged on the cam box body 1, a main shaft locking mechanism and a main shaft transmission mechanism which are slidably arranged on the cam box body 1. The main shaft rotating mechanism is used for driving the cutter 5 to process parts; the main shaft locking mechanism is used for locking the rotation of the cutter 5 in a non-stop state so as to replace the cutter; the spindle drive is used to transmit the torque of the tool 5.
The left side wall and the right side wall of the middle part of the cam box body 1 are respectively provided with a bearing hole A11 for accommodating a main shaft bearing A51 and a bearing hole B12 for accommodating a main shaft bearing B52, the left side wall and the right side wall of the upper part of the cam box body are provided with two locking sliding chutes 13 at the same height along the vertical direction, and the left side wall and the right side wall of the lower part of the cam box body are provided with two transmission sliding chutes 14 at the same height along the vertical direction; the bearing hole a11 and the bearing hole B12 are coaxial.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the spindle rotation mechanism includes an input spindle 21 rotatably installed on the cam housing 1 in a horizontal direction, a disc cam 22 and an incomplete gear 23 fixedly installed on the input spindle 21, an output spindle 24 rotatably installed on the input spindle 21, an output gear 26 fixedly installed on the output spindle 24, and a driving motor 20 installed on the cam housing 1 and connected to the left end of the input spindle 21; the disc cam 22 is formed by cutting off a crescent-shaped outer edge of a circular disc, the trimming portion 221 of the disc cam 22 corresponds to the gear tooth portion 231 of the incomplete gear 23, and the disc portion 222 of the disc cam 22 corresponds to the toothless portion 232 of the incomplete gear 23; the right end of the output main shaft 24 extends to the outside of the cam box body 1 and is provided with a cutter 5 for processing parts. The driving motor 20 rotates to drive the input main shaft 21 to rotate, and further drives the disc cam 22 and the incomplete gear 23 to rotate; the output spindle 24 is rotatably mounted on the input spindle 21, so that the output spindle 24 can be rotated or stationary while the input spindle 21 is rotated; when the output main shaft 21 rotates, the output main shaft 24 drives the cutter 5 to synchronously rotate to process the part; when the output main shaft 21 rotates and the output main shaft 24 is static, the cutter 5 and the output main shaft 24 are synchronously static, so that the cutter 5 is convenient to replace.
The main shaft locking mechanism comprises a sliding locking shaft 31, two ends of which penetrate through the two locking chutes 13 respectively and are arranged along the horizontal direction, a locking gear 32 fixedly arranged on the sliding locking shaft 31 and engaged with the output gear 26 intermittently, a locking guide rod 33 arranged on the sliding locking shaft 31 along the vertical direction, and a tool changing locking spring 34 which is sleeved on the locking guide rod 33 and is always in a pressed state. The two locking chutes 13 provide a movement space for the lifting of the sliding locking shaft 31, and the tool changing locking spring 34 enables the locking guide rod 33 and the sliding locking shaft 31 to have a movement trend towards the output main shaft 21; since the slide lock shaft 31 can only slide up and down and cannot rotate, when the disc cam 22 is not in contact with the slide lock shaft 31, the slide lock shaft 31 moves down by the elastic force of the tool changing lock spring 34 until the lock gear 32 is engaged with the output gear 26, and the output gear 26 stops rotating by the lock gear 32, so that the output spindle 24 and the tool 5 stop rotating. When the disc cam 22 contacts the sliding locking shaft 31, that is, the disc part 222 in the disc cam 22 contacts the sliding locking shaft 31, at this time, the sliding locking shaft 31 moves upward under the pushing action of the disc cam 22, the locking gear 32 is disengaged from the output gear 26, and the output gear 26 rotates synchronously with the output main shaft 24 and the tool 5.
The main shaft transmission mechanism comprises a sliding transmission shaft 41, two ends of which respectively penetrate through the two transmission chutes 14 and are arranged along the horizontal direction, a composite idle wheel 42 which is rotatably arranged on the sliding transmission shaft 41 by adopting an idle wheel bearing 43, a transmission guide rod 44 which is arranged on the sliding transmission shaft 41 along the vertical direction, and a transmission locking spring 45 which is sleeved on the transmission guide rod 44 and is always in a pressed state; the composite idle gear 42 is composed of a pinion gear and a bull gear which are coaxially and synchronously rotatably arranged, the pinion gear is in meshing transmission with the incomplete gear 23, and the bull gear is in meshing transmission with the output gear 26. The two transmission chutes 14 provide a movement space for the lifting and lowering of the sliding transmission shaft 41, and the transmission locking spring 45 enables the transmission guide rod 44 and the sliding transmission shaft 41 to have a movement tendency towards the output main shaft 21, so that the composite idle gear 43 can be meshed with or separated from the output gear 26 and the incomplete gear 23; when the disc cam 22 is not in contact with the sliding transmission shaft 41, namely the trimming edge part 221 in the disc cam 22 is close to but not in contact with the sliding transmission shaft 41, the incomplete gear 23 and the output gear 26 are simultaneously in meshed transmission with the compound idle gear 43; when the disc cam 22 is in contact with the sliding transmission shaft 41, that is, the disc part 222 of the disc cam 22 is in contact with the sliding transmission shaft 41, since the radius of the disc part 22 is larger than that of the trimming part 221, the sliding transmission shaft 41 moves downwards to compress the transmission locking spring 45, and thus both the incomplete gear 23 and the output gear 26 are disengaged from the compound idle gear 43.
The diameter of the gear part 231 in the incomplete gear 23 is m times of the diameter of the small gear in the compound idle gear 42, and the diameter of the large gear in the compound idle gear 42 is n times of the diameter of the output gear 26; m and n are both natural numbers greater than 1. So that the input spindle 21 rotates one turn and the output spindle 24 drives the tool 5 to rotate m × n/2 turns, thereby completing a simple machining process. In practical application, since the time consumed by different machining processes is not completely equal, that is, different machining processes correspond to different machining cycles, in order to ensure the continuity of the machining of the tool, it is preferable that one cycle in which the output spindle 24 drives the tool 5 to rotate is equal to the longest machining process cycle, and when the tool smaller than the longest machining process cycle needs to be changed, the cam device of the present invention can be rapidly rotated to the tool changing mode by increasing the rotation speed of the driving motor 20 in order to improve efficiency. The drive motor 20 is preferably a servo motor.
At the same time, only one of the slide lock shaft 31 and the slide transmission shaft 41 is in contact with the disc cam 22. When the disc portion 222 of the disc cam 22 is in contact with the slide lock shaft 31, the disc cam 22 pushes the slide lock shaft 31 to move upward so that the lock gear 32 is disengaged from the output gear 26; at the same time, the trimming edge part 221 in the disc cam 22 is close to but not in contact with the sliding transmission shaft 41, and the sliding transmission shaft 41 moves upwards under the action of the elastic force of the transmission locking spring 45, so that the compound idle gear 42 is simultaneously in meshed transmission with the output gear 26 and the incomplete gear 23; when the cut-edge portion 221 of the disc cam 22 is close to but not in contact with the slide lock shaft 31, the slide lock shaft 31 is moved downward by the tool changing lock spring 34, so that the lock gear 32 is locked in mesh with the output gear 26, and at the same time, the disc portion 222 of the disc cam 22 is in contact with the slide transmission shaft 41, and the slide transmission shaft 41 is moved downward by the urging action of the disc cam 22, so that the composite idle gear 42 is away from the incomplete gear 23 and the output gear 26.
Preferably, the input spindle 21 is further sleeved with a rolling bearing a25 and a rolling bearing B27, and the rolling bearing a25 and the rolling bearing B27 are installed inside the output spindle 24.
Preferably, the upper end of the locking guide rod 33 passes through a locking linear bearing 35 installed on the cam housing 1 and extends to the outside of the cam housing 1; the locking spring 34 is located inside the cam housing 1.
Preferably, the lower end of the driving guide rod 44 passes through a driving linear bearing 46 installed on the cam housing 1 and extends to the outside of the cam housing 1, and the driving locking spring 45 is located inside the cam housing 1.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the driving motor 20 rotates to drive the input main shaft 21 to rotate, and further drive the disc cam 22 and the incomplete gear 23 to synchronously rotate; when the disc cam 22 is not in contact with the sliding transmission shaft 41, the small gear and the large gear of the composite idle gear 42 are respectively in meshed transmission with the incomplete gear 23 and the output gear 26; at this time, since the disc cam 22 is in contact with the slide lock shaft 31, the lock gear 32 is disengaged from the output gear 26; therefore, the rotation of the input spindle 21 drives the output gear 26 to rotate through the composite idle gear 42, and further drives the output spindle 24 and the cutter 5 to rotate, so as to process the part; with the rotation of the disc cam 22 and the incomplete gear 23, the circular arc part 222 and the toothless part 232 are close to one side of the sliding transmission shaft 41, namely the disc cam 22 is in contact with the sliding transmission shaft 41, the composite idle gear 42 is disengaged from the incomplete gear 23, and the rotation of the input spindle 21 is not transmitted to the output spindle 24 by the composite idle gear 42; at the same time, the disk cam 22 is not in contact with the slide lock shaft 31, and the lock gear 32 is engaged with the output gear 26 to lock the output spindle 24, that is, the output spindle 24 and the tool 5 stop rotating, at which time the tool 5 can be replaced. During the process of changing the tool 5, the output spindle 24 is locked and does not rotate, but the input spindle 21 still rotates continuously, so that the frequent stop of the driving motor 20 caused by the tool 5 change is avoided.
The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that are not thought of through creative efforts should fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A cam device for self-locking and tool changing of a main shaft of a machining center comprises a cam box body (1), a main shaft rotating mechanism rotationally arranged on the cam box body (1), a main shaft locking mechanism and a main shaft transmission mechanism which are slidably arranged on the cam box body (1); the method is characterized in that:
the left side wall and the right side wall of the middle part of the cam box body (1) are respectively provided with a bearing hole A (11) for accommodating a main shaft bearing A (51) and a bearing hole B (12) for accommodating a main shaft bearing B (52), the left side wall and the right side wall of the upper part of the cam box body are provided with two locking sliding chutes (13) at the same height along the vertical direction, and the left side wall and the right side wall of the lower part of the cam box body are provided with two transmission sliding chutes (14) at the same height along the vertical direction; the bearing hole A (11) and the bearing hole B (12) are coaxial;
the main shaft rotating mechanism comprises an input main shaft (21) which is rotatably arranged on the cam box body (1) along the horizontal direction, a disc cam (22) and an incomplete gear (23) which are fixedly arranged on the input main shaft (21), an output main shaft (24) which is rotatably sleeved on the input main shaft (21), an output gear (26) which is fixedly arranged on the output main shaft (24), and a driving motor (20) which is arranged on the cam box body (1) and is connected with the left end of the input main shaft (21); the disc cam (22) is formed by a disc with a cut-away crescent-shaped outer edge, the cut-away portion (221) of the disc cam (22) corresponds to the tooth portion (231) of the partial gear (23), and the disc portion (222) of the disc cam (22) corresponds to the tooth-free portion (232) of the partial gear (23); the right end of the output main shaft (24) extends to the outside of the cam box body (1) and is provided with a cutter (5) for processing parts;
the main shaft locking mechanism comprises a sliding locking shaft (31), locking gears (32) fixedly arranged on the sliding locking shaft (31) and intermittently meshed with the output gear (26), a locking guide rod (33) arranged on the sliding locking shaft (31) along the vertical direction, and a tool changing locking spring (34) which is sleeved on the locking guide rod (33) and is always in a pressed state, wherein two ends of the sliding locking shaft (31) penetrate through the two locking chutes (13) respectively;
the main shaft transmission mechanism comprises a sliding transmission shaft (41) with two ends respectively penetrating through the two transmission chutes (14) and arranged along the horizontal direction, a composite idle wheel (42) rotatably arranged on the sliding transmission shaft (41) by adopting an idle wheel bearing (43), a transmission guide rod (44) arranged on the sliding transmission shaft (41) along the vertical direction, and a transmission locking spring (45) which is sleeved on the transmission guide rod (44) and is always in a pressed state; the composite idle gear (42) consists of a pinion and a bull gear which are coaxially and synchronously rotationally arranged, the pinion is in meshing transmission with the incomplete gear (23), and the bull gear is in meshing transmission with the output gear (26);
the diameter of a gear part (231) in the incomplete gear (23) is m times of the diameter of a small gear in the composite idle gear (42), and the diameter of a large gear in the composite idle gear (42) is n times of the diameter of the output gear (26); both m and n are natural numbers greater than 1;
at the same time, only one of the sliding locking shaft (31) and the sliding transmission shaft (41) is in contact with the disc cam (22).
2. The cam device for self-locking tool changing of the main shaft of the machining center according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the input main shaft (21) is further sleeved with a rolling bearing A (25) and a rolling bearing B (27), and the rolling bearing A (25) and the rolling bearing B (27) are arranged in the output main shaft (24).
3. The cam device for self-locking tool changing of the main shaft of the machining center according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the upper end of the locking guide rod (33) penetrates through a locking linear bearing (35) arranged on the cam box body (1) and extends to the outside of the cam box body (1); the tool changing locking spring (34) is positioned inside the cam box body (1).
4. The cam device for self-locking tool changing of the machining center spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lower end of the transmission guide rod (44) penetrates through a transmission linear bearing (46) arranged on the cam box body (1) and extends to the outside of the cam box body (1), and the transmission locking spring (45) is located inside the cam box body (1).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210228266.6A CN114434195B (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2022-03-08 | Cam device for self-locking tool changing of main shaft of machining center |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210228266.6A CN114434195B (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2022-03-08 | Cam device for self-locking tool changing of main shaft of machining center |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN114434195A CN114434195A (en) | 2022-05-06 |
| CN114434195B true CN114434195B (en) | 2022-11-08 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202210228266.6A Active CN114434195B (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2022-03-08 | Cam device for self-locking tool changing of main shaft of machining center |
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| CN (1) | CN114434195B (en) |
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2022
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| US5749819A (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 1998-05-12 | National Science Council | Automatic tool changing apparatus |
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| CN114434195A (en) | 2022-05-06 |
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