CN114433821A - Cooling device for solving shrinkage porosity defect of casting and cooling method of vertical casting - Google Patents
Cooling device for solving shrinkage porosity defect of casting and cooling method of vertical casting Download PDFInfo
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- CN114433821A CN114433821A CN202011198534.1A CN202011198534A CN114433821A CN 114433821 A CN114433821 A CN 114433821A CN 202011198534 A CN202011198534 A CN 202011198534A CN 114433821 A CN114433821 A CN 114433821A
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- casting
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- cooling device
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D46/00—Controlling, supervising, not restricted to casting covered by a single main group, e.g. for safety reasons
Abstract
The invention relates to a cooling device for solving the shrinkage porosity defect of a casting, which comprises one or more layers of cooling conveying pipes, wherein the cooling conveying pipes are provided with blowing nozzles, the blowing nozzles are provided with corresponding control switches, the outlets of the blowing nozzles are opposite to post-solidification positions on a vertical casting, a distance is reserved between the blowing nozzles and the casting, and molding sand is filled in the reserved positions. The invention is particularly suitable for casting anisotropic castings with a vertical structure and a lower volume larger than an upper volume. This cooling device sets up the conveyer pipe of coolant and blows the shower nozzle and solidify the position after corresponding foundry goods bulky promptly, cools off specific part in the casting process through blowing coolant to realize that whole solidification order of erectting the structure foundry goods is the cascaded solidification from bottom to top, can guarantee the timely replenishment of metal liquid in the casting process upper portion rising head, can not produce the shrinkage cavity, ensured the foundry goods quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of casting tools, in particular to a cooling device for solving the problem of shrinkage porosity of a casting and a vertical casting cooling method.
Background
In the field of casting material forming, the high-temperature liquid pouring, cooling, solidifying and forming process is simple and is generally applied to the production of various castings. However, in the casting process, liquid metal is cooled in the casting mold and the casting mold shrinks under the conditions of the material's own doubtful solid characteristics and the casting process, but many castings cannot be controlled and doubtful without shrinkage porosity by the conventional process due to the structure and the like. For example, some special-shaped castings with uneven wall thickness, castings with a three-dimensional structure and a large lower part volume, and the like, because the irregular shapes bring about different casting cavity volumes, the solidification time of each part is different, so that the shrinkage porosity defect is caused due to the fact that some parts of the castings cannot be supplemented, and the quality of the castings is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cooling device and a vertical casting cooling method for solving the problem of shrinkage porosity of a casting, and aims to solve the problems in the background art.
The technical problem solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a cooling device for solving foundry goods shrinkage porosity defect, cooling device includes one deck or multilayer cooling conveyer pipe, is provided with on the cooling conveyer pipe and blows the shower nozzle, blows the shower nozzle and is provided with corresponding control switch, the export of blowing the shower nozzle just solidifies the position to the back on the vertical foundry goods, just it has the distance to blow the interval between shower nozzle and the foundry goods, and the interval department fills the molding sand.
Further, the distance between the outlet of the blowing nozzle and the casting is 5-8 cm. The required parts of the casting are cooled by adopting the molding sand with intervals, so that the blown cooling medium can be uniformly dispersed to finish cooling, the direct contact of the cooling medium to the casting molding cavity can be avoided, the heat transfer is accelerated, the heat is rapidly transferred and dissipated, and the optimal effect can be achieved at the interval of 5-8 cm.
Further, a plurality of blowing nozzles are arranged on each layer of the conveying pipe and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the casting.
Furthermore, the blowing nozzle is a horn-shaped nozzle with uniformly arranged spray holes at the outlet end or a spraying pipe, and the horn-shaped nozzle or the spraying pipe is made of high-temperature-resistant materials. Such as stainless steel material. The trumpet-shaped spray head or the spray pipe can evenly spray the cooling medium conveyed in the cooling conveying pipe to the part of the casting needing to be enhanced for cooling, wherein the outlet area of the trumpet-shaped spray head is large, the distribution range is wider and more uniform after the cooling medium is sprayed out, the spray pipe can enable the strength of the cooling medium to be more concentrated and the required cooling part to be reached more quickly, and the horn-shaped spray head or the spray pipe can be selectively configured and used according to the processing requirement.
Furthermore, the control switch is a control valve, the control valve is a manual control valve or an automatic control valve, and the automatic control valve is electrically connected with an external PLC. The control valve is a control valve which can simultaneously control the opening and closing degree of the blowing nozzle, so that the amount and time of the cooling medium sprayed by the blowing nozzle are controlled by the control valve, and the purpose of controllable local cooling is achieved.
A cooling method for a vertical casting comprises the steps of starting a blowing nozzle when the surface layer of the casting is solidified after the casting is poured and the solidification thickness is larger than 10mm, adjusting the blowing pressure of the blowing nozzle to be gradually increased from small to large and maintaining the pressure to a certain value, enabling a medium in the blowing nozzle to penetrate through molding sand and then reach the surface of the casting to be cooled, and enabling the medium blowing process to be carried out discontinuously.
Further, the blowing pressure of the blowing nozzle is 0.005 mpa-5 mpa, and the blowing pressure is increased in the range of 0.005 mpa-5 mpa.
Further, the cooling medium in the blowing nozzle is one of liquid nitrogen, carbon dioxide, compressed air, cooling water, industrial brine and polymer solution.
Furthermore, the molding sand is 50-150 meshes of sand.
Has the advantages that: the invention is particularly suitable for casting the special-shaped castings with vertical structures and expanded local volumes. This cooling device sets up the conveyer pipe of coolant and blows the shower nozzle and solidify the position after corresponding foundry goods bulky volume part promptly, cools off specific part in the casting process through blowing coolant to realize that whole solidification order of erectting the structure foundry goods is the cascaded solidification from bottom to top, just so can guarantee the timely replenishment of metal liquid in the casting process upper portion rising head, can not produce the shrinkage cavity, ensured the foundry goods quality. The cooling conveying pipe and the blowing nozzle can be flexibly arranged at proper positions and layers according to the structure of the casting to be processed, and the cooling time is controlled by the control part, so that controllable solidification without shrinkage porosity is realized on the basis of the conventional cooling process, the casting process is optimized, and a better casting effect is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention in use.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation features, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
The controllable cooling device is arranged on a casting mould for casting, and is matched with an original casting mould to finish the processing of a casting 5 which has a vertical structure and an enlarged local volume, as shown in figure 1. The cooling device comprises one or more layers of cooling conveying pipes 1 (two layers are arranged in the example), and the cooling conveying pipes 1 can be embedded in the casting mould or fixed outside the casting mould. The cooling conveying pipe 1 is provided with a blowing nozzle 2, the blowing nozzle 2 is provided with a corresponding control switch 3, the control switch 3 is a control valve, the control valve is a manual control valve or an automatic control valve, and the automatic control valve is electrically connected with an external PLC 4. The control valve is a control valve which can simultaneously control the opening and closing degree of the blowing nozzle, so that the amount and time of the cooling medium sprayed by the blowing nozzle are controlled by the control valve, and the purpose of controllable local cooling is achieved.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the cooling medium conveyed in the cooling conveying pipe 1 is one of liquid nitrogen, carbon dioxide, compressed air, cooling water, industrial brine and polymer solution (in this example, the cooling medium is liquid nitrogen). The blowing nozzle 2 is a horn-shaped nozzle or a spraying pipe with an outlet end uniformly provided with spray holes, and the horn-shaped nozzle or the spraying pipe is made of high-temperature-resistant materials (in the embodiment, the horn-shaped nozzle is adopted). And the distance between the outlet of the horn-shaped spray head 2 and the casting 5 is 5-8 cm, and the gap is filled with molding sand 6, namely the casting mold is molded by sand.
As shown in FIG. 1, the lower part of a cast product 5 cast by the present embodiment has a thick wall part with a large volume, a thin wall part is arranged between the thick wall part and a top riser of a casting mold excessively, and the thin wall part is inevitably cooled and formed more quickly in the forming process, so that molten metal of the riser cannot supplement the thick wall part downwards, the thick wall part is shrunk and loosened, that is, shrinkage cavities occur, and the integral quality of the cast product is influenced. The cooling device is added to enhance the cooling of the thick-wall part, so that the whole casting solidification sequence is in stepped solidification from the bottom to a riser, shrinkage cavities are not generated, the optimal solidification sequence is achieved, and the casting quality is ensured. And the position of the blowing device corresponding to the casting cavity and the casting can be adjusted according to different casting structures, the optimal solidification sequence of the vertically cast casting is realized, and the defect of shrinkage porosity of the casting is overcome.
In the casting forming process, one or more cooling conveying pipes are arranged at the position where the cooling is required to be accelerated in the casting mould, the medium in the cooling conveying pipe is controllable, and the medium can be liquid nitrogen, carbon dioxide, compressed air and the like, and can also be water, industrial brine, high molecular solution and the like. The blowing nozzle equipped on the cooling medium conveying pipe is correspondingly arranged at the position of the casting mold to be controlled for cooling, and the positioning cooling is completed. When the method is implemented, the blowing nozzle valve can be opened in two modes, wherein one mode is the high-temperature self-opening of the casting mold, and the other mode is the PLC program starting; the blowing nozzle valve can be closed by a PLC program or manually.
The invention also relates to a cooling method of the vertical casting, which comprises the steps of starting a blowing nozzle after the casting is poured and the surface layer of the casting is solidified and the solidified thickness is larger than 10mm, adjusting the blowing pressure of the blowing nozzle to be gradually increased from small to large and maintaining the pressure to a certain value, enabling a medium in the blowing nozzle to pass through the molding sand and then reach the surface of the casting for cooling, wherein in the embodiment, the cooling medium in the blowing nozzle is liquid nitrogen, the blowing pressure of the blowing nozzle is 0.005 mpa-5 mpa, the blowing pressure is gradually increased from small to large in 0.005 mpa-5 mpa, the grain size of sand grains in the molding sand can be adjusted according to the size of the casting, the grain size of the molding sand 6 is 50-150 meshes, in the embodiment, the molding sand 6 is water glass sand, and the grain size of the water glass sand is 70-150 meshes.
In the application of the embodiment, 3-90 minutes after the casting is finished, when the thickness of the casting surface layer is larger than 10mm, the cooling medium is blown in by slowly increasing the air supply pressure from small to large to control the flow, the cooling device is formed by blowing a plurality of nozzles in parallel, the filling area of the cooling medium in the molding sand 6 is large, the exhaust holes are uniformly distributed in the molding sand 6, and the exhaust performance is further improved by matching the molding sand 6 with the determined granularity. Because the surface layer of the casting 5 is doubtful and solid after the casting 5 is cast for a certain time, the casting 5 is formed at the moment, and after the surface layer of the casting 5 is doubtful and solid for a certain thickness, the casting mold coating is sintered into a coating shell with a ceramic phase and a semi-ceramic phase, the molten metal of the casting 5 cannot flow into a molding sand gap, and the expansion diffusion or explosion blowing of the cooling medium in the sand mold cannot cause other influences such as the molten metal bubbles of the casting outside the cooling, the sand blowing and the like on the casting 5.
In the cooling process of the casting, the invention comprises the following steps: under the process condition of cast steel products, when the pouring temperature is 1550 ℃, the temperature in a casting mold is about 1380 ℃ after 3-15min of pouring, when the surface layer of the casting mold is solidified for 10mm, the casting mold is opened to cool for 5-25 min, then the controllable cooling solidification process is completed, and the products have no shrinkage porosity areas after detection.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A cooling device for solving foundry goods shrinkage porosity defect, its characterized in that, cooling device includes one deck or multilayer cooling conveyer pipe, is provided with on the cooling conveyer pipe and blows the shower nozzle, blows the shower nozzle and is provided with corresponding control switch, the export of blowing the shower nozzle just solidifies the position to the back on the vertical foundry goods, just it has the distance to blow the interval between shower nozzle and the foundry goods, and the molding sand is filled to interval department.
2. The cooling device for solving the shrinkage porosity defect of the casting according to claim 1, wherein the outlet of the blowing nozzle is 5-8 cm away from the casting.
3. The cooling device for solving the shrinkage porosity defect of the casting according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of blowing nozzles are arranged on each layer of the conveying pipe, and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the casting.
4. The cooling device for solving the shrinkage porosity defect of the casting according to claim 1, wherein the blowing nozzle is a trumpet-shaped nozzle with uniformly-opened nozzle holes at the outlet end or a spray pipe, and the trumpet-shaped nozzle or the spray pipe is made of high-temperature resistant materials.
5. The cooling device for solving the shrinkage porosity defect of the casting according to claim 1, wherein the control switch is a control valve, the control valve is a manual control valve or an automatic control valve, and the automatic control valve is electrically connected with an external PLC (programmable logic controller).
6. A cooling method of a vertical casting is characterized in that the cooling device of any one of claims 1 to 5 is adopted, the cooling method is that when the surface layer of the casting is solidified after the casting is poured and the solidified thickness is larger than 10mm, a blowing nozzle is started, the blowing pressure of the blowing nozzle is adjusted to be gradually increased from small to large and maintained to a certain value, and a medium in the blowing nozzle passes through the molding sand and then reaches the surface of the casting for cooling.
7. A method of cooling a vertical casting according to claim 6, wherein the blowing pressure of the blowing nozzle is 0.005mpa to 5mpa, and the blowing pressure is sequentially increased within 0.005mpa to 5 mpa.
8. A method of cooling a vertical casting according to claim 6 wherein the cooling medium in the blow nozzles is one of liquid nitrogen, carbon dioxide, compressed air, cooling water, industrial brine and polymer solution.
9. A method of cooling a vertical casting according to claim 6, wherein the molding sand is 50 to 150 mesh sand.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011198534.1A CN114433821A (en) | 2020-10-31 | 2020-10-31 | Cooling device for solving shrinkage porosity defect of casting and cooling method of vertical casting |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011198534.1A CN114433821A (en) | 2020-10-31 | 2020-10-31 | Cooling device for solving shrinkage porosity defect of casting and cooling method of vertical casting |
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| CN114433821A true CN114433821A (en) | 2022-05-06 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201271736Y (en) * | 2008-10-17 | 2009-07-15 | 浙江佳力风能技术有限公司 | Cast of thick wall large plain cast |
| CN104759594A (en) * | 2015-04-17 | 2015-07-08 | 浙江机电职业技术学院 | Fast progressive solidification device for high manganese steel broken wall casting |
| CN106890985A (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2017-06-27 | 北京航空航天大学 | It is a kind of for manufacturing casting device and method without shrinkage cavity casting |
| WO2019106254A1 (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2019-06-06 | Constellium Issoire | Aluminium alloy flat product having improved thickness properties |
| CN110899671A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-03-24 | 马鞍山市黎明天工自动化设备有限公司 | Casting solidification control method |
-
2020
- 2020-10-31 CN CN202011198534.1A patent/CN114433821A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201271736Y (en) * | 2008-10-17 | 2009-07-15 | 浙江佳力风能技术有限公司 | Cast of thick wall large plain cast |
| CN104759594A (en) * | 2015-04-17 | 2015-07-08 | 浙江机电职业技术学院 | Fast progressive solidification device for high manganese steel broken wall casting |
| CN106890985A (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2017-06-27 | 北京航空航天大学 | It is a kind of for manufacturing casting device and method without shrinkage cavity casting |
| WO2019106254A1 (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2019-06-06 | Constellium Issoire | Aluminium alloy flat product having improved thickness properties |
| CN110899671A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-03-24 | 马鞍山市黎明天工自动化设备有限公司 | Casting solidification control method |
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