CN114433075A - Platinum catalyst and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Platinum catalyst and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114433075A
CN114433075A CN202111634271.9A CN202111634271A CN114433075A CN 114433075 A CN114433075 A CN 114433075A CN 202111634271 A CN202111634271 A CN 202111634271A CN 114433075 A CN114433075 A CN 114433075A
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platinum
carrier
platinum catalyst
precursor
catalyst
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江川霞
杨宗美
陈佳志
王飞
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Institute of Chemical Engineering of Guangdong Academy of Sciences
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Institute of Chemical Engineering of Guangdong Academy of Sciences
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
    • B01J23/42—Platinum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8668—Removing organic compounds not provided for in B01D53/8603 - B01D53/8665
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
    • B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
    • B01J35/23—
    • B01J35/393—
    • B01J35/399—

Abstract

The invention discloses a platinum catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. The platinum catalyst of the present invention comprises: platinum nanoparticles and a carrier, the platinum nanoparticles being uniformly supported on the surface of the carrier, the platinum loading on the platinum catalyst being less than 1.0 wt.%. The preparation method of the platinum catalyst comprises the following steps: and (3) soaking the carrier in a platinum precursor solution, performing ultrasonic treatment, removing the solvent, and then placing in a protective atmosphere for reduction treatment to obtain the platinum catalyst. The catalyst has the advantages of low content of noble metal platinum, good dispersibility, higher catalytic activity and better catalytic stability, and is easier to prepare, low in cost, low in energy consumption, free of pollution, short in time and wide in application prospect.

Description

Platinum catalyst and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of catalysis, in particular to a platinum catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Ethylene is a common natural 'ripening hormone', can generate ripening effect on fruits at an extremely low concentration (0.01-0.1 ppm), leads to the acceleration of the aging and rotting speed of the fruits, and is not beneficial to the preservation and fresh keeping of the fruits and vegetables. In order to facilitate the transportation of fruits and vegetables, improve the commodity value of fruits and vegetables and promote the income of farmers, a simple technology capable of removing ethylene at room temperature needs to be researched urgently.
Currently, the platinum (Pt) catalyst for removing ethylene under low temperature conditions has a high content of active components, resulting in high use cost, and also has problems of low efficiency of treating ethylene, complicated preparation process of the platinum catalyst, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a platinum catalyst which has the advantages of low consumption of noble metal, good activity of catalyzing ethylene at low temperature, good stability, simple preparation and low cost.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the platinum catalyst, which has the advantages of simple preparation, low cost, realization of uniform dispersion of platinum nanoparticles and high utilization rate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a platinum catalyst comprising: a carrier and platinum nanoparticles supported on the surface of the carrier.
Preferably, the particle size of the platinum nanoparticles is 1-10 nm.
Further preferably, the particle size of the platinum nanoparticles is 2-6 nm.
Preferably, the loading amount of the platinum nanoparticles on the carrier is 0.1-1.0 wt.%.
Further preferably, the loading amount of the platinum nanoparticles on the carrier is 0.2-0.5 wt.%.
Preferably, the support is silica, ceria, germania or titania.
Preferably, the silicon oxide is an organic-inorganic mesoporous silicon oxide material.
More preferably, the organic-inorganic mesoporous silica material is HMM-1 type mesoporous silica.
Preferably, the HMM-1 type mesoporous silica is a two-dimensional material and has a hexagonal unit structure.
Preferably, the HMM-1 type mesoporous silica has an average pore diameter of 2 to 8 nm.
More preferably, the HMM-1 type mesoporous silica has an average pore diameter of 6 nm.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a platinum catalyst, comprising the steps of: and (3) dipping the carrier into the platinum precursor solution, performing ultrasonic treatment, removing the solvent, and then placing the carrier in a protective atmosphere for reduction treatment to obtain the platinum catalyst.
Preferably, the solute in the platinum precursor solution is at least one of chloroplatinic acid, platinum tetraamine nitrate, dinitrosoplatinum, platinum tetraamine chloride and platinum acetylacetonate.
Further preferably, the solute is chloroplatinic acid, platinum tetraammine nitrate or dinitrosoplatinum.
Preferably, the mass of platinum in the solute is 0.1% to 1.5% of the mass of the carrier.
More preferably, the mass of platinum in the solute is 0.2% to 1.0% of the mass of the carrier.
Preferably, the time of the ultrasonic treatment is 0.5-2 h.
Further preferably, the time of the ultrasonic treatment is 0.5-1 h.
Preferably, the power of the ultrasound is 10-60W.
Further preferably, the power of the ultrasound is 20-40W.
Preferably, the temperature of the ultrasound is 20 ℃ to 50 ℃.
Further preferably, the temperature of the ultrasound is 25 ℃ to 45 ℃.
Preferably, the solvent removal operation is a rotary evaporation treatment and a drying treatment.
Preferably, the drying treatment is vacuum drying.
Preferably, the temperature of the vacuum drying is 40-60 ℃.
Further preferably, the temperature of the vacuum drying is 45 ℃ to 50 ℃.
Preferably, the vacuum drying time is 6-24 h.
Further preferably, the vacuum drying time is 10-12 h.
Preferably, the protective atmosphere comprises at least one of argon, nitrogen and neon.
Preferably, the protective atmosphere further contains 3-10% of hydrogen.
More preferably, the protective atmosphere further contains 5% of hydrogen.
Preferably, the temperature of the reduction treatment is 160 ℃ to 300 ℃.
Further preferably, the temperature of the reduction treatment is 180 to 220 ℃.
Preferably, the time of the reduction treatment is 1-5 h.
Further preferably, the time of the reduction treatment is 1.5-3 h.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides the use of a platinum catalyst as described in the first aspect in the oxidation of ethylene.
Preferably, the concentration of the ethylene is 1-10 ppm.
Preferably, the temperature of the ethylene oxidation reaction is 20-30 ℃.
Further preferably, the temperature of the ethylene oxidation reaction is 25 ℃.
Preferably, the space velocity of the ethylene oxidation reaction is 8000mL/(gh) to 10000 mL/(gh).
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the platinum catalyst has the advantages of low platinum load, good platinum nano-particle distribution uniformity in the carrier, high atom utilization rate, high activity of low-temperature catalytic oxidation of trace ethylene, good stability, simple preparation operation, low cost, high efficiency, no pollution, low energy consumption and wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a TEM image of Pt/HMM-1-7 catalyst in example 7.
FIG. 2 is a TEM image of the Pt/HMM-1-10 catalyst in comparative example 1.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of stability tests of the Pt/HMM-1-7 catalyst in example 7 and the Pt/HMM-1-10 catalyst in comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. The starting materials, reagents or apparatus used in the examples and comparative examples were obtained from conventional commercial sources or can be obtained by a method of the prior art, unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise indicated, the testing or testing methods are conventional in the art.
Example 1
A platinum catalyst is prepared by the following steps:
1) slowly dripping octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (ODTMACL), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and water (H) into 1, 2-bis (trimethoxysilyl) ethane (BTME)2O) to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the molar ratio of various raw materials is BTME to ODTMA to NaOH to H2O＝1:0.12:1:231；
2) Placing the mixed solution at room temperature, stirring for 24h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain a white solid; adding 1g of white solid into 150mL of ethanol solution containing 3.8g of HCl solution (36 wt.%), continuously magnetically stirring at 50 ℃ for 6h, washing with ethanol and deionized water, filtering, removing surfactant, and finally drying at 80 ℃ for 6h to obtain an HMM-1 carrier (marked as HMM-1);
3) weighing 1g HMM-1 carrier in 100mL eggplant-shaped bottle, adding precursor salt H2PtCl6·6H2Setting the ultrasonic power to be 20W and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1h at the temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain a platinum precursor suspension by using O (the total mass of the noble metal accounts for 1 percent, namely the amount of the noble metal accounts for 1 percent of the mass of the HMM-1 carrier) and 50mL of deionized water;
4) performing rotary evaporation on the platinum precursor suspension, and performing vacuum drying at 50 ℃ for 12h to obtain powder containing a precursor;
5) the precursor-containing powder was placed in 5% H2And N2And reducing the mixture for 2 hours at 200 ℃ to obtain the platinum catalyst (recorded as Pt/HMM-1-1).
Example 2
A platinum catalyst is prepared by the following steps:
1) weighing 1g HMM-1 carrier in 100mL eggplant-shaped bottle, adding precursor salt H2PtCl6·6H2O (the total mass of the noble metal accounts for 1 percent, namely the amount of the noble metal accounts for 1 percent of the mass of the HMM-1 carrier) and 50mL of deionized water, and under the condition of the temperature of 25 ℃, the ultrasonic power is set to be 30W, and the ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 1h to obtain a platinum precursor suspension;
2) performing rotary evaporation on the platinum precursor suspension, and performing vacuum drying at 50 ℃ for 12h to obtain powder containing a precursor;
3) the powder containing the precursor was placed in 5% H2And N2And reducing the mixture for 2 hours at 200 ℃ to obtain the platinum catalyst (recorded as Pt/HMM-1-2).
Example 3
A preparation method of a platinum catalyst comprises the following steps:
1) weighing 1g HMM-1 carrier in 100mL eggplant-shaped bottle, adding precursor salt H2PtCl6·6H2O (the total mass of the noble metal accounts for 1 percent, namely the amount of the noble metal accounts for 1 percent of the mass of the HMM-1 carrier) and 50mL of deionized water, and under the condition of the temperature of 25 ℃, the ultrasonic power is set to be 40W, and the ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 1h to obtain a platinum precursor suspension;
2) performing rotary evaporation on the platinum precursor suspension, and performing vacuum drying at 50 ℃ for 12h to obtain powder containing a precursor;
3) the precursor-containing powder was placed in 5% H2And N2And reducing the mixture for 2 hours at 200 ℃ to obtain the platinum catalyst (recorded as Pt/HMM-1-3).
Example 4
The preparation method of the platinum catalyst of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) weighing 1g HMM-1 carrier in 100mL eggplant-shaped bottle, adding precursor salt H2PtCl6·6H2O (the total mass of the noble metal accounts for 1 percent, namely the amount of the noble metal accounts for 1 percent of the mass of the HMM-1 carrier) and 50mL of deionized water, and under the condition of the temperature of 35 ℃, the ultrasonic power is set to be 20W, and the ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 1h to obtain a platinum precursor suspension;
2) performing rotary evaporation on the platinum precursor suspension, and performing vacuum drying at 50 ℃ for 12h to obtain powder containing a precursor;
3) the precursor-containing powder was placed in 5% H2And N2And reducing the mixture for 2 hours at 200 ℃ to obtain the platinum catalyst (recorded as Pt/HMM-1-4).
Example 5
The preparation method of the platinum catalyst of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) weighing 1g HMM-1 carrier in 100mL eggplant-shaped bottle, adding precursor salt H2PtCl6·6H2Setting the ultrasonic power to be 20W and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1h at the temperature of 45 ℃ to obtain a platinum precursor suspension by using O (the total mass of the noble metal accounts for 1 percent, namely the amount of the noble metal accounts for 1 percent of the mass of the HMM-1 carrier) and 50mL of deionized water;
2) performing rotary evaporation on the platinum precursor suspension, and performing vacuum drying at 50 ℃ for 12h to obtain powder containing a precursor;
3) the precursor-containing powder was placed in 5% H2And N2And reducing the mixture for 2 hours at 200 ℃ to obtain the platinum catalyst (recorded as Pt/HMM-1-5).
Example 6
The preparation method of the platinum catalyst of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) weighing 1g HMM-1 carrier in 100mL eggplant-shaped bottle, adding precursor salt H2PtCl6·6H2O (the total mass of the noble metal accounts for 1 percent, namely the amount of the noble metal accounts for 1 percent of the mass of the HMM-1 carrier) and 50mL of deionized water, and under the condition of the temperature of 25 ℃, the ultrasonic power is set to be 20W, and the ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 0.5h to obtain a platinum precursor suspension;
2) performing rotary evaporation on the platinum precursor suspension, and performing vacuum drying at 50 ℃ for 12h to obtain powder containing a precursor;
3) the precursor-containing powder was placed in 5% H2And N2And reducing the mixture for 2 hours at 200 ℃ to obtain the platinum catalyst (recorded as Pt/HMM-1-6).
Example 7
The preparation method of the platinum catalyst of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) weighing 1g HMM-1 carrier in a 100mL eggplant-shaped bottle,addition of the precursor salt H2PtCl6·6H2O (the total mass of the noble metals accounts for 0.5 percent, namely the amount of the noble metals accounts for 0.5 percent of the mass of the HMM-1 carrier) and 50mL of deionized water, and under the condition of the temperature of 25 ℃, the ultrasonic power is set to be 20W, and the platinum precursor suspension is obtained after ultrasonic treatment for 1 h;
2) performing rotary evaporation on the platinum precursor suspension, and performing vacuum drying at 50 ℃ for 12h to obtain powder containing a precursor;
3) the precursor-containing powder was placed in 5% H2And N2And reducing the mixture for 2 hours at 200 ℃ to obtain the platinum catalyst (recorded as Pt/HMM-1-7).
Example 8
The preparation method of the platinum catalyst of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) weighing 1g HMM-1 carrier in 100mL eggplant-shaped bottle, adding precursor salt Pt (NH)3)4(NO3)2(the total mass of the noble metal accounts for 0.5 percent, namely the amount of the noble metal accounts for 0.5 percent of the mass of the HMM-1 carrier) and 50mL of deionized water, and under the condition of the temperature of 25 ℃, the ultrasonic power is set to be 20W, and the platinum precursor suspension is obtained after ultrasonic treatment for 1 h;
2) performing rotary evaporation on the platinum precursor suspension, and performing vacuum drying at 50 ℃ for 12h to obtain powder containing a precursor;
3) the precursor-containing powder was placed in 5% H2And N2And reducing the mixture for 2 hours at 200 ℃ to obtain the platinum catalyst (recorded as Pt/HMM-1-8).
Example 9
The preparation method of the platinum catalyst of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) weighing 1g HMM-1 carrier in 100mL eggplant-shaped bottle, adding precursor salt Pt (NH)3)4(NO3)2(the total mass of the noble metal accounts for 0.5 percent, namely the amount of the noble metal accounts for 0.5 percent of the mass of the HMM-1 carrier) and 50mL of deionized water, and under the condition of the temperature of 25 ℃, the ultrasonic power is set to be 20W, and the platinum precursor suspension is obtained after ultrasonic treatment for 1 h;
2) performing rotary evaporation on the platinum precursor suspension, and performing vacuum drying at 50 ℃ for 12h to obtain powder containing a precursor;
3) the precursor-containing powder was placed in 5% H2And N2And reducing the mixture for 2 hours at 200 ℃ to obtain the platinum catalyst (recorded as Pt/HMM-1-9).
Example 10
The preparation method of the platinum catalyst of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) weighing 1g of SiO2The carrier is put into a 100mL eggplant-shaped bottle, and the precursor salt H is added2PtCl6·6H2O (the total mass of the noble metal accounts for 0.5 percent, namely the dosage of the noble metal is SiO20.5 percent of the carrier mass) and 50mL of deionized water, and under the condition of 25 ℃, setting the ultrasonic power at 20W and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1h to obtain a platinum precursor suspension;
2) performing rotary evaporation on the platinum precursor suspension, and performing vacuum drying at 50 ℃ for 12h to obtain powder containing a precursor;
3) the powder containing the precursor was placed in 5% H2And N2Reducing for 2h at 200 ℃ under the condition of mixed gas to obtain a platinum catalyst (marked as Pt/SiO)2-1)。
Example 11
The preparation method of the platinum catalyst of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) weighing 1g of TiO2The carrier is put into a 100mL eggplant-shaped bottle, and the precursor salt H is added2PtCl6·6H2O (the total mass of the noble metal accounts for 0.5 percent, namely the dosage of the noble metal is TiO20.5 percent of the carrier mass) and 50mL of deionized water, and under the condition of 25 ℃, setting the ultrasonic power at 20W and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1h to obtain a platinum precursor suspension;
2) performing rotary evaporation on the platinum precursor suspension, and performing vacuum drying at 50 ℃ for 12h to obtain powder containing a precursor;
3) the precursor-containing powder was placed in 5% H2And N2Reducing for 2h at 200 ℃ under the condition of mixed gas to obtain a platinum catalyst (marked as Pt/TiO)2-1)。
Example 12
The preparation method of the platinum catalyst of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) 1g of ZrO was weighed2The carrier is put into a 100mL eggplant-shaped bottle, and the precursor salt H is added2PtCl6·6H2O (the total mass of the noble metal is 0.5 percent, namely the dosage of the noble metal is ZrO20.5 percent of the carrier mass) and 50mL of deionized water, and under the condition of 25 ℃, setting the ultrasonic power at 20W and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1h to obtain a platinum precursor suspension;
2) performing rotary evaporation on the platinum precursor suspension, and performing vacuum drying at 50 ℃ for 12h to obtain powder containing a precursor;
3) the precursor-containing powder was placed in 5% H2And N2Reducing for 2h at 200 ℃ under the condition of mixed gas to obtain a platinum catalyst (marked as Pt/ZrO)2-1)。
Example 13
The preparation method of the platinum catalyst of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) 1g of CeO was weighed2The carrier is put into a 100mL eggplant-shaped bottle, and the precursor salt H is added2PtCl6·6H2O (the total mass of the noble metal accounts for 0.5 percent, namely the dosage of the noble metal is CeO20.5 percent of the carrier mass) and 50mL of deionized water, and under the condition of 25 ℃, setting the ultrasonic power at 20W and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1h to obtain a platinum precursor suspension;
2) performing rotary evaporation on the platinum precursor suspension, and performing vacuum drying at 50 ℃ for 12h to obtain powder containing a precursor;
3) the precursor-containing powder was placed in 5% H2And N2Reducing for 2h at 200 ℃ under the condition of mixed gas to obtain a platinum catalyst (marked as Pt/CeO)2-1)。
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 is different from the preparation method of the platinum catalyst of example 7 in that: in comparative example 1, magnetic stirring was used for 1 hour in 1), and the specific steps were as follows:
1) weighing 1g HMM-1 carrier in 100mL eggplant-shaped bottle, adding precursor salt H2PtCl6·6H2O (the total mass of the noble metal accounts for 0.5 percent, namely the using amount of the noble metal is 0.5 percent of the mass of the HMM-1 carrier) and 50mL of deionized water, under the condition of the temperature of 25 ℃, the magnetic force is appliedStirring for 1h to obtain a platinum precursor suspension;
2) performing rotary evaporation on the platinum precursor suspension, and performing vacuum drying at 50 ℃ for 12h to obtain powder containing a precursor;
3) the precursor-containing powder was placed in 5% H2And N2And reducing the mixture for 2 hours at 200 ℃ to obtain the platinum catalyst (recorded as Pt/HMM-1-10).
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 is different from the preparation method of the platinum catalyst of example 10 in that: in comparative example 2, magnetic stirring was used for 1 hour in 1), and the specific steps were as follows:
1) weighing 1g of SiO2The carrier is put into a 100mL eggplant-shaped bottle, and the precursor salt H is added2PtCl6·6H2O (the total mass of the noble metal accounts for 0.5 percent, namely the dosage of the noble metal is SiO20.5 percent of the carrier mass) and 50mL of deionized water, and magnetically stirring for 1h at the temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain a platinum precursor suspension;
2) performing rotary evaporation on the platinum precursor suspension, and performing vacuum drying at 50 ℃ for 12h to obtain powder containing a precursor;
3) the precursor-containing powder was placed in 5% H2And N2Reducing for 2h at 200 ℃ under the condition of mixed gas to obtain a platinum catalyst (marked as Pt/SiO)2-2)。
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 is different from the preparation method of the platinum catalyst of example 11 in that: in comparative example 3, magnetic stirring was used for 1 hour in 1), and the specific steps were as follows:
1) weighing 1g of TiO2The carrier is put into a 100mL eggplant-shaped bottle, and the precursor salt H is added2PtCl6·6H2O (the total mass of the noble metal accounts for 0.5 percent, namely the dosage of the noble metal is TiO20.5 percent of the carrier mass) and 50mL of deionized water, and magnetically stirring for 1h at the temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain a platinum precursor suspension;
2) performing rotary evaporation on the platinum precursor suspension, and performing vacuum drying at 50 ℃ for 12h to obtain powder containing a precursor;
3) will contain a precursorPowder of the body was placed in 5% H2And N2Reducing for 2h at 200 ℃ under the condition of mixed gas to obtain a platinum catalyst (marked as Pt/TiO)2-2)。
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 is different from the preparation method of the platinum catalyst of example 12 in that: in comparative example 4, magnetic stirring was used for 1 hour in 1), and the specific steps were as follows:
1) 1g of ZrO was weighed2The carrier is put into a 100mL eggplant-shaped bottle, and the precursor salt H is added2PtCl6·6H2O (the total mass of the noble metal is 0.5 percent, namely the dosage of the noble metal is ZrO20.5 percent of the carrier mass) and 50mL of deionized water, and magnetically stirring for 1h at the temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain a platinum precursor suspension;
2) performing rotary evaporation on the platinum precursor suspension, and performing vacuum drying at 50 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain powder containing the precursor;
3) the precursor-containing powder was placed in 5% H2And N2Reducing for 2h at 200 ℃ under the condition of mixed gas to obtain a platinum catalyst (marked as Pt/ZrO)2-2)。
Comparative example 5
Comparative example 5 differs from the preparation of the platinum catalyst of example 13 in that: in comparative example 5, magnetic stirring was used for 1 hour in 1), and the specific steps were as follows:
1) 1g of CeO was weighed2The carrier is put into a 100mL eggplant-shaped bottle, and the precursor salt H is added2PtCl6·6H2O (the total mass of the noble metal accounts for 0.5 percent, namely the dosage of the noble metal is CeO20.5 percent of the carrier mass) and 50mL of deionized water, and magnetically stirring for 1h at the temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain a platinum precursor suspension;
2) performing rotary evaporation on the platinum precursor suspension, and performing vacuum drying at 50 ℃ for 12h to obtain powder containing a precursor;
3) the powder containing the precursor was placed in 5% H2And N2Reducing for 2h at 200 ℃ under the condition of mixed gas to obtain a platinum catalyst (marked as Pt/CeO)2-2)。
The HMM-1 supports of examples 2 to 9 and comparative example 1 of the present invention were prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Characterization results
A Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) image of Pt/HMM-1-7 in example 7 is shown in FIG. 1, and a TEM image of Pt/HMM-1-10 in comparative example 1 is shown in FIG. 2.
As can be seen from fig. 1 and 2:
1) the HMM-1 support is a two-dimensional silica material with a pronounced porous structure with an average pore size of about 8 nm.
2) The platinum catalyst prepared under the ultrasonic condition can realize that Pt particles with the particle size of 2.4nm are uniformly distributed in the pore channel of the HMM-1 carrier of the two-dimensional material, and the platinum catalyst prepared under the magnetic stirring condition cannot realize that Pt metal particles are uniformly and effectively loaded in the pore channel of the HMM-1 carrier.
Performance testing
1. Activity test evaluation method
0.2g of the catalysts in examples 1 to 13 and comparative examples 1 to 6 were placed in a tubular fixed bed reactor for experiments, and the experimental conditions were as follows:
the ethylene concentration was 5ppm, the space velocity was 9000mL/(gh), the reaction temperature was 25 ℃ and the ethylene gas concentration in the experiment was analyzed on-line by a FuliGC 9790 Plus gas chromatograph.
The formula for the conversion of ethylene is as follows:
ethylene conversion (%) ═ CC2H4,in-C C2H4,out)/C C2H4,in×100％
In the formula, CC2H4,inIs the ethylene concentration in the gas at the gas inlet of the quartz tube, and the unit is as follows: ppm;
C C2H4,outis the ethylene concentration in the gas at the gas outlet of the quartz tube, unit: ppm (wt.%).
2. Evaluation results of Activity test
The results of the activity test evaluation of the catalysts of examples 1 to 13 and comparative examples 1 to 6 are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 evaluation results of activity test of catalysts in examples and comparative examples
Figure BDA0003441252500000101
As can be seen from Table 1: compared with the catalysts of comparative examples 1 to 5, the catalysts of examples 1 to 13 of the invention can enable a platinum precursor solution to enter the carrier to prepare a catalyst with less noble metal platinum dosage by performing ultrasonic treatment for 0.5 to 2 hours at the temperature of 20 to 50 ℃, and can enable 1 to 8nm platinum particles to be uniformly distributed on the carrier, thereby further improving the performance of catalytic oxidation of trace ethylene at the temperature of 25 ℃; when the catalyst is prepared under the condition of magnetic stirring, the uniform and effective loading of the noble metal platinum on and in the carrier can not be realized, so that the ethylene conversion rate of the comparative example is relatively low under the same condition.
Meanwhile, table 1 also shows that the catalyst prepared by the invention has the advantages of low cost and high activity in the application of removing trace ethylene, can completely oxidize ethylene at 25 ℃ and under the condition of space velocity 9000mL/(gh), and further can realize the effects of ethylene removal rate up to 99.8% and ethylene concentration reduction to 0.01 ppm.
It should be noted that 0.01ppm is the lowest range detectable by the testing instrument, which cannot limit the catalyst of the present invention to have better catalytic performance.
3. Stability test and results
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing ethylene removal stability experiments for the catalyst for catalytically oxidizing trace amounts of ethylene prepared in example 7 of the present invention and comparative example 1, Pt/HMM-1-7 and Pt/HMM-1-10.
As can be seen from fig. 3: when 5ppm of ethylene is removed by using the Pt/HMM-1-7 catalyst of example 7 at room temperature (about 25 ℃) and a space velocity of 9000mL/(gh), the ethylene removal rate can reach 100%, and the removal rate is maintained for 10h, which indicates that the catalyst prepared by using ultrasound has good stability; while the catalyst of comparative example 1, in which 5ppm of ethylene was removed using the Pt/HMM-1-10 catalyst under the same activity test conditions, also exhibited an initial ethylene removal rate as high as 92.9%, but the ethylene removal rate was rapidly decreased, and the ethylene removal rate was even as low as about 20% at 10 hours, indicating that the catalyst prepared by the stirring method of comparative example 1 was easily deactivated and had poor stability.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A platinum catalyst, characterized in that its composition comprises: a support and supported platinum nanoparticles; the platinum nanoparticles are loaded on the surface of the carrier.
2. The platinum catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: the loading amount of the platinum nanoparticles on the carrier is 0.1-1.0 wt.%.
3. The platinum catalyst according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the particle size of the platinum nanoparticles is 1-10 nm.
4. The platinum catalyst according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the carrier is silicon oxide, cerium oxide, germanium oxide or titanium oxide.
5. The method for preparing a platinum catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of: and (3) dipping the carrier into the platinum precursor solution, performing ultrasonic treatment, removing the solvent, and then placing the carrier in a protective atmosphere for reduction treatment to obtain the platinum catalyst.
6. The method for producing a platinum catalyst according to claim 5, characterized in that: the solute in the platinum precursor solution is at least one of chloroplatinic acid, platinum tetraammine nitrate, dinitrosoplatinum, platinum tetraammine chloride and platinum acetylacetonate.
7. The method for producing a platinum catalyst according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: the temperature of the ultrasonic wave is 20-50 ℃; the ultrasonic time is 0.5-2 h; the power of the ultrasonic wave is 10-60W.
8. The method for preparing a platinum catalyst according to claim 7, wherein: the temperature of the reduction treatment is 160-300 ℃; the time of the reduction treatment is 1-5 h.
9. Use of a platinum catalyst as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 for the catalytic oxidation of ethylene.
10. Use according to claim 9, characterized in that: the reaction temperature of the catalytic oxidation of ethylene is 15-35 ℃.
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