CN114430085B - Mars detection-oriented lithium-Mars gas battery pack - Google Patents
Mars detection-oriented lithium-Mars gas battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN114430085B CN114430085B CN202210113467.1A CN202210113467A CN114430085B CN 114430085 B CN114430085 B CN 114430085B CN 202210113467 A CN202210113467 A CN 202210113467A CN 114430085 B CN114430085 B CN 114430085B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The application discloses a spark detection-oriented lithium-spark gas battery pack, and relates to the technical field of spark detection energy storage batteries. The lithium-spark gas battery pack comprises a folding type battery cell, a battery shell, a lithium anode collector and a spark gas electrode collector; the folding type battery cell comprises a lithium anode core layer, an electrolyte layer stacked on the outer side of the lithium anode, a Mars gas electrode layer stacked on the outer side of the electrolyte layer and a gas diffusion layer stacked on the outer side of the Mars gas electrode layer; the lithium anode collector is attached to the unstacked side of the lithium anode and externally connected to the outside of the battery shell or electrically connected with the anode collector of the battery shell; the Mars gas electrode collector is attached to the outer side of the gas diffusion layer and extends to the outer end of the battery shell or is electrically connected with the cathode collector of the battery shell; the battery case has an open cell structure. The semi-open lithium-Mars gas battery pack can realize stable operation in a Mars environment by means of Mars environment atmosphere.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of Mars detection energy storage batteries, in particular to a Mars detection-oriented lithium-Mars gas battery pack.
Background
With the implementation of a Mars plan, a Mars detector 'ask a number on the sky' lands on a Mars track, and a Mars vehicle 'blessing number' starts Mars detection work. However, the energy storage mode of the solar cell panel adopted by the Mars vehicle is difficult to ensure continuous kinetic energy output under the environmental change facing the day and night of the Mars. Under the urgent requirements of a Mars exploration plan, the development of an all-weather energy storage battery device which can be carried by a Mars exploration-oriented Mars vehicle is significant and far-reaching. Consider the environment of a Mars surface: main unitThe concentration of gaseous carbon dioxide is as high as 95.32%, and the surface temperature is from 27 ℃ to-133 ℃ along with the change of seasons, and the average atmospheric pressure is about 600 Pa, so that the research on related Mars energy storage batteries as power batteries of Mars vehicles is carried out. The lithium-carbon dioxide electrochemical reaction is based on a redox reaction between metallic lithium and carbon dioxide (4li+3co 2 →2Li 2 CO 3 +c), a function of consuming carbon dioxide and outputting electrochemical energy can be achieved. Lithium-carbon dioxide cells are considered to be a promising electrochemical energy storage material due to their relatively high discharge potential (-2.80V) and theoretical energy density (-1876 Wh/kg).
Solid state lithium-carbon dioxide batteries (j. Mater. Chem. A.2021,9,9581-9585) use ceramic solid electrolytes rather than volatile organic electrolytes at low pressures to ensure the possibility of operation of the battery at low pressures, however, their performance in low temperature environments has not been explored. Lithium-carbon dioxide cells were successfully reduced to-60 ℃ based on dioxolane-based electrolytes (adv. Funct. Mater.2020,30,2001619), and although satisfactory cell discharge capacities of 8976mAh/g were achieved, tests oriented to the mars atmosphere were not possible. Experiments of lithium-carbon dioxide electrochemical reactions under a Mars atmosphere have achieved the feasibility of lithium-Mars batteries (Materials letters 2021,283: 128868), but only electrode material performance testing at normal temperature and pressure has not achieved the goal of battery-level lithium-Mars batteries for Mars detection.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a Mars detection-oriented lithium-Mars gas battery pack so as to solve the problems of the prior art, and therefore, the battery pack can realize stable operation in a Mars environment by means of Mars environment atmosphere.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides the following solutions:
the application provides a lithium-Mars battery pack, which comprises a folding type battery cell, a battery shell, a lithium anode collector and a Mars electrode collector, wherein the folding type battery cell is arranged on the battery shell;
the folding type battery cell comprises a lithium anode core layer, an electrolyte layer stacked on the outer side of the lithium anode, a Mars gas electrode layer stacked on the outer side of the electrolyte layer and a gas diffusion layer stacked on the outer side of the Mars gas electrode layer;
the lithium anode collector is attached to the unstacked side of the lithium anode and externally connected to the outside of the battery shell or electrically connected with the battery shell anode collector;
the Mars gas electrode collector is attached to the outer side of the gas diffusion layer and extends to the outer end of the battery shell or is electrically connected with the battery shell cathode collector;
the battery case has an open cell structure.
The length of the lithium anode was cut to half the length of the Mars gas electrode and the width was approximately the same.
The manufacturing structure of the battery packaging shell (battery shell) is a soft battery shell or a hard battery shell with holes on the upper side and the lower side, and the soft battery shell or the hard battery shell is used for packaging the folding type electric core breathing spark gas and the battery.
The lithium anode/Mars gas electrode current collection can be realized by adopting a tab, and the tab extends to the outside of the soft package battery shell; the collector tap of the copper foil/gas diffusion layer under the lithium anode which is integrally extended can also be selected, and the locating pin can be located in the hard battery shell.
The tab comprises a commercial tab with a current collecting function, such as an aluminum tab, a nickel tab or a copper nickel-plated tab. Specifically, the tab of the lithium anode is adhered to the front end, the left end or the right end of the lithium anode pole piece, and the tab of the Mars gas electrode is adhered to one side of the gas diffusion layer facing the Mars gas environment, so that the functionality of executing current collection is fully ensured, and the specific adhesion position is not limited.
Further, the lithium anode is a lithium sheet, a double-layer lithium foil or an anode material with lithium ion providing capability.
Further, the electrolyte of the electrolyte layer is a solid electrolyte having a function of insulating the lithium anode from the spark gas electrode layer and a lithium ion conduction function.
Further, the solid electrolyte comprises polymer solid electrolyte (such as polyethylene oxide, etc.), and complexSolid electrolytes of synthetic polymers (e.g., poly (methacrylate)/poly (ethylene glycol) -lithium perchlorate-silica, etc.) or solid electrolytes of oxides (e.g., li) 1.5 Al 0.5 Ge 1.5 (PO 4 ) 3 Etc.).
Further, the Mars gas electrode layer material is an active material with porous space, such as a carbon nanotube-based material, a graphite-based material, or an existing conductive carbon-based material, etc.
Further, the gas diffusion layer material is a material which has conductivity and can realize gas diffusion or is used as a Mars gas electrode supporting framework, such as graphite felt, carbon cloth, carbon paper, foam nickel, stainless steel mesh or titanium mesh, and the like.
Integrated spark gas electrode and gas diffusion layer structures are also contemplated within the scope of the application, such as: the carbon-based material is sprayed on carbon paper, or nickel oxide grows on foam nickel.
The application also provides application of the lithium-Mars gas battery pack in the Mars detection field.
The application discloses the following technical effects:
in order to achieve the multi-stage target realization of the battery-level lithium-spark gas battery for spark detection, integrate environmental factors such as carbon dioxide atmosphere, low temperature, low pressure and the like, and pay attention to the overall development realization of the lithium-spark gas battery, the application provides a semi-open lithium-spark gas battery pack for spark detection, which can continuously absorb active substance carbon dioxide from a spark based on a lithium-carbon dioxide electrochemical principle, and the carbon dioxide gas is directly derived from surrounding spark gas, thus being inexhaustible and not required to be stored in the battery, thereby reducing the cost and lightening the weight of the battery, and the energy density of the battery only depends on one side of metal lithium, so that the high energy density of the metal lithium can be maximally exerted.
The application adopts the technical means of solid electrolyte, can effectively solve the problem of volatilization of liquid electrolyte caused by low atmospheric pressure of the environment on the spark, and realizes the feasibility of the operation of the battery structure; meanwhile, the folding unit battery is formed by folding the components of the lithium-Mars gas battery, so that the battery is placed in the Mars gas environment in an all-around mode, the effective reaction area of the unit battery is increased, meanwhile, the space volume is reduced, the single-sided battery is changed into the double-sided battery, the energy density of the battery can be maximized through the folding structure, the folding unit battery is packaged in the battery packaging shell, and the open-pore battery shell ensures sufficient supply of Mars gas.
The folding unit cell is formed by folding the components of the lithium-Mars gas cell, and the gas diffusion layer is arranged between the Mars gas electrode and the cell shell, so that the Mars gas can be ensured to diffuse to the Mars gas electrode up and down and left and right; the solid electrolyte can solve the problem that the liquid electrolyte is easy to volatilize under the pressure of Mars; and a symmetrical current collection arrangement enables a more even distribution of the current through the folded cell and an efficient current collection function on both sides.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a stacking process of a cell unit part of a lithium-spark gas battery pack prepared in example 1 of the present application;
fig. 2 is a perspective view showing a folding process of a folded cell unit portion of the lithium-spark gas battery pack prepared in example 1 of the present application;
fig. 3 is a perspective view showing a tab arrangement process of the lithium-spark gas battery pack prepared in example 1 of the present application;
fig. 4 is a perspective view of a battery pack case unit part of a lithium-spark gas battery pack prepared in example 1 of the present application;
fig. 5 is a perspective view of the package of the battery cell and the battery case of the lithium-spark gas battery pack prepared in example 1 of the present application;
fig. 6 is a sectional view showing a completed state of encapsulation of the lithium-spark gas battery pack prepared in example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a graph of electrochemical test voltage versus capacity for a lithium-spark gas cell pack prepared in example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an integrated electrode extension collector lithium-spark gas cell package of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a cell packaging shell portion of an integrated electrode extension collector lithium-spark gas cell package of the present application;
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a lithium-spark gas cell package cell and a battery case package of the integrated electrode extension collector of the present application;
wherein: a 1-lithium anode (1-1 lithium anode current collector tap); 2-an electrolyte layer; 3-Mars gas electrode layer; a 4-gas diffusion layer (4-1 gas diffusion layer collector tap); 5-electrode tab (5-1 lithium anode tab, 5-2 Mars gas electrode layer tab); 6-aluminum plastic composite packaging film (6-1 upper aluminum plastic film shell, 6-2 lower aluminum plastic film shell); 7-through holes; 8-battery hard case.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the application will now be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the application, but rather as more detailed descriptions of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the application.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. In addition, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the ranges is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the application. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present application. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the application described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the application. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification of the present application. The specification and examples of the present application are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are intended to be inclusive and mean an inclusion, but not limited to.
Example 1
The lithium-spark gas battery pack for spark detection of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and in this embodiment, tab collection is used.
The stacking process perspective view of the cell unit part of the lithium-spark gas battery pack facing the spark detection is shown in fig. 1, a lithium anode 1 is arranged at the topmost layer and is attached to one side of an electrolyte layer 2, a spark gas electrode layer 3 is attached to the other side of the electrolyte layer 2, a gas diffusion layer 4 is tightly stacked at the last layer, and the length of the lithium anode is cut into half the length of the spark gas electrode and the width is the same.
The lithium anode 1 is a pure lithium sheet; the electrolyte layer 2 is polyethylene oxide; the Mars gas electrode layer 3 is made of graphene material; the gas diffusion layer 4 is a graphite felt.
The folding process perspective view of the folded cell unit portion of the lithium-spark gas battery pack facing the spark detection of this embodiment is shown in fig. 2, the electrolyte layer 2 stacked on the lower layer of the lithium anode 1, the spark gas electrode layer 3 stacked on the lower layer of the electrolyte, and the gas diffusion layer 4 stacked on the lowermost layer are laid flat and symmetrically folded in accordance with the central axis (broken line of fig. 1), whereby the folded cell unit portion EC of the lithium-spark gas battery pack is obtained.
The present embodiment is directed to a perspective view of a tab arrangement process of a spark-detected lithium-spark gas battery pack, see fig. 3, in which tab 5 is an aluminum tab. Specifically, the tab 5-1 of the lithium anode extends out of the folded cell part, and the tab 5-2 of the Mars gas electrode is adhered to the side of the gas diffusion layer facing the Mars gas environment, so that the current collection performance is fully ensured.
The perspective view of the battery packaging shell unit part of the lithium-spark gas battery pack facing the spark detection in this embodiment is shown in fig. 4, the battery is integrally in a soft pack battery form, the battery shell adopts an open-pore aluminum-plastic composite packaging film 6, and meanwhile, the length and the width of the battery shell are ensured to be larger than those of the battery cell EC.
Specifically, the upper aluminum plastic film housing 6-1 and the lower aluminum plastic film housing 6-2 are uniform and indiscriminate in the number, size, or arrangement of the through holes 7, and the through holes 7 can ensure the supply of the Mars gas and enable the Mars gas to be well diffused to the region of the Mars gas cathode 3 through the gas diffusion layer 4.
The configuration of the packaging perspective view of the battery core and the battery shell of the lithium-spark gas battery pack facing the spark detection in this embodiment is shown in fig. 5, after the electrode lugs 5 are bonded to the folded battery core unit part EC, the battery core unit EC is packaged in the inner area of the aluminum plastic film 6 shell smoothly through the steps of primary packaging, hot and cold pressing, secondary packaging and the like, and the aluminum plastic film shell coated with the insulating polymer prevents the electrical short circuit between the lithium anode 1 and the spark gas electrode 3.
The sectional view of the packaging completion state of the lithium-spark gas battery pack for spark detection in this embodiment is shown in fig. 6, the folded battery core EC is tightly attached to the aluminum plastic film casing 6, the tab completes the function of collecting current through welding and packaging technology, and the ventilation structure with holes on both sides greatly meets the requirement of the battery for breathing spark gas. Thus, an integral pack battery of lithium-spark gas cells is constructed.
The whole manufacturing process of the Mars detection-oriented lithium-Mars gas battery pack occurs in an operating environment of a glove box (the water content is less than or equal to 1ppm and the oxygen content is less than or equal to 1 ppm) filled with argon.
The prepared lithium-Mars gas battery pack is subjected to electrochemical test, and after the battery is assembled, the battery pack is placed in a battery test bin with Mars gas (carbon dioxide is the main component, and trace helium, oxygen, argon and water vapor) partial pressure of only 600 Pa, so that the pressure environment is ensured, the test temperature span is 30 ℃ to-135 ℃, the day and night temperature change of Mars is ensured, the current density of 50mA/g and the cut-off voltage of 2.0V are set, the stable operation capacity of the battery is higher than 800mAh/g as shown in table 1, and the discharge capacity of the battery at the average temperature (-55 ℃) can reach 1504.26mAh/g as shown in figure 7.
TABLE 1 spark cell discharge Performance test results
Example 2
The embodiment is another form of the spark detection-oriented lithium-spark gas battery pack disclosed by the application, and the specific structure is as follows:
a perspective view of the lithium-spark gas battery pack with integrated electrode extension current collection is shown in fig. 8, specifically, the lithium anode/gas diffusion layer current collection tap 1-1/4-1 integrally extends from one end of the lithium anode 1/gas diffusion layer 4, and performs current collection function reserved for the process of cutting the lithium anode 1 and the gas diffusion layer 4, while such manufacturing can eliminate the use of tabs.
The perspective view of the battery packaging shell unit part of the lithium-spark gas battery pack with integrated electrode extension current collection is shown in fig. 9, wherein the battery hard shell 8 adopts a square hard steel shell, a square hard aluminum shell, a square plastic shell or the like, and has the characteristics of high structural strength, strong mechanical load bearing capacity and the like. The battery with the characteristics can be convenient for fixing and stabilizing the battery core, and the whole battery is not easy to deform.
Fig. 10 is a perspective view showing the package of the integrated electrode extension current collecting lithium-spark gas battery cell and the battery case of the present application, wherein the folded battery cell adopting the integrated current collecting mode is completely packaged inside the hard battery case, and the current collecting tap of the integrated extended lithium anode lower copper foil or the gas diffusion layer can be positioned on the positioning pin inside the hard battery case, thereby forming the hard lithium-spark gas battery structure without the tab.
The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present application should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present application without departing from the design spirit of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. The lithium-Mars battery pack is characterized by comprising a folding type battery cell, a battery shell, a lithium anode collector and a Mars electrode collector;
the folding battery cell comprises a lithium anode, an electrolyte layer stacked on the outer side of the lithium anode, a Mars gas electrode layer stacked on the outer side of the electrolyte layer, and a gas diffusion layer stacked on the outer side of the Mars gas electrode layer;
the lithium anode collector is attached to the unstacked side of the lithium anode and externally connected to the outside of the battery shell or electrically connected with the battery shell anode collector;
the Mars gas electrode collector is attached to the outer side of the gas diffusion layer and extends to the outer end of the battery shell or is electrically connected with the battery shell cathode collector;
the battery case has an open cell structure.
2. The lithium-spark gas cell package of claim 1 wherein the lithium anode is an anode material having lithium ion providing capability.
3. The lithium-spark battery pack of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte of the electrolyte layer is a solid electrolyte having a function of insulating the lithium anode from the spark electrode layer and a lithium ion conduction function.
4. The lithium-spark gas cell pack of claim 3 wherein said solid state electrolyte comprises a polymer solid state electrolyte, a composite polymer solid state electrolyte, or an oxide solid state electrolyte.
5. The lithium-spark gas cell package of claim 1 wherein the spark gas electrode layer material is a conductive carbon-based material.
6. The lithium-spark gas cell package of claim 1 wherein the spark gas electrode layer material is a carbon nanotube-based material or a graphite-based material.
7. The lithium-spark gas cell pack of claim 1, wherein the gas diffusion layer material is graphite felt, carbon cloth, carbon paper, foam nickel, stainless steel mesh, or titanium mesh.
8. Use of a lithium-spark gas cell pack as claimed in any one of claims 1-7 in the field of spark detection.
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