CN114429425A - Method for correcting imaging distortion of CMOS image sensor - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for correcting imaging distortion of a CMOS image sensor, which comprises the steps of constructing a distortion correction model of an image, correcting by adopting a physical correction step and an algorithm step, arranging the distortion correction model in a correction chip, optimizing the algorithm and processing parameters of a digital machine core by the distortion correction model, optimizing and matching more digital machine cores, simultaneously setting a reasonable distortion rate interval, intelligently calculating by a correction chip unit to obtain accurate distortion rate distribution parameters, feeding back the accurate distortion rate distribution parameters continuously according to the actual effect of the corrected image, thereby obtaining better distortion rate correction effect, having simple operation, being capable of quickly carrying out operation processing on an original image to obtain good correction effect, being suitable for lenses and camera equipment with various specifications, being capable of optimizing the distortion generated by various lenses, and based on the memory storage of parameters of equipment with various specifications, the stored data can be quickly identified and read.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of image distortion correction, in particular to a method for correcting imaging distortion of a CMOS image sensor.
Background
The optical design and the material of the high-grade lens are exquisite, and the perspective deformation can be reduced to a very low degree by utilizing the optimized design of the lens group and selecting high-quality optical glass (such as fluorite glass) to manufacture the lens. Complete distortion removal is not possible, and the highest quality lenses are tested under extremely stringent conditions, and the lens edges are deformed and distorted to different degrees.
The distortion of the image is a mixture of two kinds of distortion, wherein the distortion is divided into two parts, one is the distortion brought by an optical system, namely the optical distortion (also called geometric distortion); the other is distortion brought by imaging of a lens and an image sensor, and is divided into radial distortion and tangential distortion, wherein the radial distortion which is the most difficult to process comprises pincushion distortion and barrel distortion.
Pincushion Distortion (also called Pincushion Distortion) is a phenomenon in which a picture is "shrunk" toward the middle due to a lens. We are most likely to perceive the pincushion distortion phenomenon when using a telephoto lens or when using the telephoto end of a zoom lens. Especially when using a focus transducer pincushion distortion is likely to occur. Pincushion distortion is most noticeable when there are straight lines in the picture, especially near the edges of the picture frame. The pincushion distortion ratio of a general consumer-grade digital camera is generally 0.4%, which is lower than the barrel distortion ratio. Opposed to pincushion distortion is barrel distortion.
Barrel Distortion (Barrel Distortion), also known as Barrel Distortion, is the phenomenon of Barrel-shaped expansion of the imaged picture caused by the physical properties of the lenses in the lens and the structure of the lens assembly. We most easily perceive the barrel distortion phenomenon when using a wide-angle lens or using the wide-angle end of a zoom lens. Barrel distortion is most noticeable when there are straight lines in the picture, especially near the edges of the frame. The barrel distortion ratio of a common consumer digital camera is typically 1%. Opposite the barrel distortion is the pincushion distortion.
At present, there are many methods for distortion correction in the market, most of which are that a picture imaged by an image sensor is processed by a processor with a built-in distortion algorithm, and the corrected picture is obtained after the processing, but there is no optimized correction method for a lens and the image sensor, so a distortion correction technology for matching and processing various lenses and image sensors is proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background technology, the invention provides a method for correcting imaging distortion of a CMOS image sensor, which comprises the steps of constructing a model of a distorted image and a reasonable distortion rate interval, intelligently calculating through a correction chip unit to obtain an accurate distortion correction model and distortion rate distribution parameters, and memorizing and storing the distortion rate parameters corresponding to lenses of various specifications.
The invention provides a method for correcting imaging distortion of a CMOS image sensor, which comprises the following steps:
(1) inputting parameter information of an image sensor and a lens in a standard digital core, performing format processing on the input parameter information to obtain standard parameter information, and storing the standard parameter information;
(2) using a standard digital machine core to collect images, and analyzing the distortion rate of the collected images to obtain corresponding distortion parameters;
(3) reading matched standard parameter information by using the digital movement, corresponding the standard parameter information with a distortion parameter, and realizing physical correction of the digital movement according to the standard parameter information and the distortion parameter of the digital movement;
(4) and carrying out image distortion correction on an image obtained by imaging of the CMOS image sensor.
Further, the distortion correction system comprises a digital core unit, a correction chip unit and a display unit, wherein the digital core unit comprises a lens, a COMS image sensor and a digital-to-analog converter, the correction chip unit comprises a correction chip, a processor and a memory, and the display unit comprises a display screen and a communication circuit.
Furthermore, the correction chip is used for reading image data obtained by imaging of the CMOS image sensor and correcting the image data, a distortion correction model is established in the correction processing method, and the correction model built in the correction chip comprises radial distortion processing and tangential distortion processing.
Further, the algorithm model steps are as follows:
(1) acquiring the parameter specification of a digital movement and an original image, measuring and calculating the image size of the original image, uniformly dividing the original image into a plurality of grids as sample data, and performing normalization processing on the sample data;
(2) constructing a correction model of the distorted image from the original image, setting a two-dimensional plane of the distorted image, and setting a central point P (x) of the two-dimensional distorted image0，y0) The coordinate of any point in the image is P (x, y), and P (x, y) is relative to P (x)0，y0) Make up roomA distance radius R;
(3) setting a correction radius r according to the pixel and the size of an original image, wherein the correction radius r forms an inscribed circle by taking P (x, y) as the center for carrying out square correction;
(4) setting a reasonable distortion rate D interval according to the parameter specification of different lenses, and obtaining a distortion rate D interval distribution parameter function G (a) according to the lens parameter specification1，a2，a3，a4，a5，a6) The distortion rate D is higher closer to the edge of the image, and thus the distortion rate D is higher as the pitch radius R is larger, a is obtained1，a2，a3，a4，a5，a6Distribution of influence of each parameter on distortion;
(5) a chip correction unit established based on the dynamic variable correction radius R obtains the distortion rate distribution parameter function of the lens, wherein the distortion rate D is R G (a)1，a2，a3，a4，a5，a6) To achieve physical correction based on lens parameters;
(6) introducing raw image data obtained by an image sensor into a distortion correction model, and correcting radial distortion and tangential distortion of the raw image, wherein the correction function model is A (k1, k2, p1, p2, k3),
radial distortion algorithm model formula:
x0＝x(1+k1r2+k2r4+k3r6)，y0＝y(1+k1r2+k2r4+k3r6)，
tangential distortion algorithm model formula:
x0＝x+[2p1y+p2(r2+2x2)]，y0＝y+[2p2x+p1(r2+2y2)]，
where (x0, y0) is the position of the pixel point on the distorted original image; (x, y) is the position of the pixel point on the output image after correction;
(7) and inputting the distorted image data into a distortion correction model for correction and outputting to obtain a corrected image, wherein the image is corrected by a physical correction model and an algorithm model.
Further, in the step (1), the sample data of the grid unit is set according to the image definition and the pixel, and the normalization processing is performed according to the distortion rate requirement, wherein the side length of the grid unit is l.
Further, in the step (2), the pitch radius R is P (x, y) -P (x0, y0), and the distortion rate distribution value increases with the value of R/l.
Furthermore, in the step (3), a reasonable correction radius r is set according to the parameter specification of the lens, a large system operation resource is required to be occupied when the correction radius r is too small, and the effect is not obvious after the image distortion is corrected when the correction radius r is too large.
Furthermore, the step (4) sets a reasonable distortion rate D interval, sets a higher distortion rate correction parameter at the edge of the distorted image, improves the correction effect, sets a lower distortion rate correction parameter at the middle part of the distorted image, maintains the original state of the image, and saves the operation resources.
Further, the chip correction unit in the step (5) establishes the optimal distortion rate distribution parameter of the lens according to the dynamic variable correction radius r, memorizes and stores the parameter, automatically identifies the lens parameter and then calls the stored parameter, and quickly realizes the distortion image correction.
The method for correcting the imaging distortion of the CMOS image sensor has the advantages that: the distortion correction model of the image is constructed, the distortion correction model is arranged in the correction chip, algorithm optimization and parameter processing of the digital movement are carried out through the distortion correction model, more digital movements can be optimized and matched, meanwhile, a reasonable distortion rate interval is set, accurate distortion rate distribution parameters are obtained through intelligent calculation of the correction chip unit, the accurate distortion rate distribution parameters are fed back according to the actual effect of the corrected image, and therefore the better distortion rate correction effect is obtained.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a correction system structure of a method for correcting imaging distortion of a CMOS image sensor.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for correcting imaging distortion of a CMOS image sensor, which comprises the steps of constructing a model of a distorted image and a reasonable distortion rate interval, intelligently calculating through a correction chip unit to obtain an accurate distortion correction model and distortion rate distribution parameters, and memorizing and storing distortion rate parameters corresponding to lenses of various specifications.
The invention discloses a method for correcting imaging distortion of a CMOS image sensor, which comprises the following steps:
(1) inputting parameter information of an image sensor and a lens in a standard digital core, performing format processing on the input parameter information to obtain standard parameter information, and storing the standard parameter information;
(2) using a standard digital machine core to collect images, and analyzing the distortion rate of the collected images to obtain corresponding distortion parameters;
(3) reading matched standard parameter information by using the digital movement, corresponding the standard parameter information with a distortion parameter, and realizing physical correction of the digital movement according to the standard parameter information and the distortion parameter of the digital movement;
(4) and carrying out image distortion correction on an image obtained by imaging of the CMOS image sensor.
Further, the distortion correction system comprises a digital core unit, a correction chip unit and a display unit, wherein the digital core unit comprises a lens, a COMS image sensor and a digital-to-analog converter, the correction chip unit comprises a correction chip, a processor and a memory, and the display unit comprises a display screen and a communication circuit.
Furthermore, the correction chip is used for reading image data obtained by imaging of the CMOS image sensor and correcting the image data, a distortion correction model is established in the correction processing method, and the correction model built in the correction chip comprises radial distortion processing and tangential distortion processing.
Further, the algorithm model steps are as follows:
(1) acquiring the parameter specification of a digital movement and an original image, measuring and calculating the image size of the original image, uniformly dividing the original image into a plurality of grids as sample data, and performing normalization processing on the sample data;
(2) constructing a correction model of the distorted image from the original image, setting a two-dimensional plane of the distorted image, and setting a central point P (x) of the two-dimensional distorted image0，y0) The coordinate of any point in the image is P (x, y), and P (x, y) is relative to P (x)0，y0) Forming a pitch radius R;
(3) setting a correction radius r according to the pixel and the size of an original image, wherein the correction radius r forms an inscribed circle by taking P (x, y) as the center for carrying out square correction;
(4) setting a reasonable distortion rate D interval according to the parameter specification of different lenses, and obtaining a distortion rate D interval distribution parameter function G (a) according to the lens parameter specification1，a2，a3，a4，a5，a6) The distortion rate D is higher closer to the edge of the image, and thus the distortion rate D is higher as the pitch radius R is larger, a is obtained1，a2，a3，a4，a5，a6Distribution of influence of each parameter on distortion;
(5) a chip correction unit established based on the dynamic variable correction radius R obtains the distortion rate distribution parameter function of the lens, wherein the distortion rate D is R G (a)1，a2，a3，a4，a5，a6) To achieve physical correction based on lens parameters;
(6) introducing raw image data obtained by an image sensor into a distortion correction model, and correcting radial distortion and tangential distortion of the raw image, wherein the correction function model is A (k1, k2, p1, p2, k3),
radial distortion algorithm model formula:
x0＝x(1+k1r2+k2r4+k3r6)，y0＝y(1+k1r2+k2r4+k3r6)，
tangential distortion algorithm model formula:
x0＝x+[2p1y+p2(r2+2x2)]，y0＝y+[2p2x+p1(r2+2y2)]，
where (x0, y0) is the position of the pixel point on the distorted original image; (x, y) is the position of the pixel point on the output image after correction; the implementation process is that, taking an original image of 1080p as an example, pixel values of original image points (x0, y0) corresponding to output points (x, y) are sequentially found from points (0,0) to points (1919,1079), and then the values of (x0, y0) are assigned to (x, y). If the calculated corresponding point (x0, y0) of the original is not an integer, this point is calculated by quadratic linear interpolation and then assigned to (x, y).
(7) And inputting the distorted image data into a distortion correction model for correction and outputting to obtain a corrected image, wherein the image is corrected by a physical correction model and an algorithm model.
And (2) setting sample data of a grid unit according to the image definition and the pixels in the step (1), and performing normalization processing according to the distortion rate requirement, wherein the side length of the grid unit is l.
In the step (2), the pitch radius R is P (x, y) -P (x0, y0), and the distortion rate distribution value increases with the value of R/l.
And (4) setting a reasonable correction radius r according to the parameter specification of the lens in the step (3), wherein if the correction radius r is too small, a larger system operation resource is required to be occupied, and the effect is not obvious after the image distortion is corrected if the correction radius r is too large.
And (4) setting a reasonable distortion rate D interval, setting a higher distortion rate correction parameter at the edge of the distorted image, improving the correction effect, setting a lower distortion rate correction parameter at the middle part of the distorted image, keeping the original state of the image and saving the operation resources.
And (5) the chip correction unit establishes the optimal distortion rate distribution parameter of the lens according to the dynamic variable correction radius r, memorizes and stores the parameter, automatically identifies the lens parameter and then calls the stored parameter, and quickly realizes the distortion image correction.
Lens and image sensor parameters example 1:
taking a digital core with the model of VS-SCZ2042DA as a camera terminal G (a)1，a2，a3，a4，a5，a6) In (a)1、a2、a3、a4、a5、a6Inputting a 1/2.8 inch CMOS image sensor, 216 ten thousand total pixels, 42 times optical zoom lens, focal length f: 7-300 (mm), aperture F: 1.6-6.0, field angle (horizontal): 42 to 1.2 degrees; a is1、a2、a3、a4、a5、a6The parameters are transmitted to a correction chip unit, the parameters are transmitted to a processor through data information after being processed by a correction chip, the processor is stored in a memory after operation processing, the digital movement or the same similar movement is used again next time, the parameters are automatically called from the memory, the corresponding distortion rate and the distortion correction effect are automatically matched, a chip correction unit established based on a dynamic variable correction radius R is used for obtaining a distortion rate distribution parameter function of the lens, and the distortion rate D is R G (a)1，a2，a3，a4，a5，a6) To achieve a physical correction based on the lens parameters.
Lens and image sensor parameters example 2:
using digital machine core with model VS-SCZ2086HM as camera terminal, G (a)1，a2，a3，a4，a5，a6) In (a)1、a2、a3、a4、a5、a6Inputting a 1/1.9 inch CMOS image sensor, 200 ten thousand total pixels, 86 times optical zoom lens, focal length f: 10 to 860(mm), aperture F: 2.0-6.8, field angle (horizontal): 42 to 0.44 degrees; a is1、a2、a3、a4、a5、a6The parameters are transmitted to a correction chip unit, and are transmitted by data information after being processed by the correction chip unitInputting to a processor, storing the processed data in a memory after operation, automatically calling the parameters from the memory by using the digital movement or the same similar movement again next time, automatically matching the corresponding distortion rate and distortion correction effect, and acquiring a distortion rate distribution parameter function of the lens based on a chip correction unit established by a dynamic variable correction radius R, wherein the distortion rate D is R G (a)1，a2，a3，a4，a5，a6) To achieve a physical correction based on the lens parameters.
The method for correcting the imaging distortion of the CMOS image sensor has the advantages that: the distortion correction model of the image is constructed, the distortion correction model is arranged in the correction chip, algorithm optimization and parameter processing of the digital movement are carried out through the distortion correction model, more digital movements can be optimized and matched, meanwhile, a reasonable distortion rate interval is set, accurate distortion rate distribution parameters are obtained through intelligent calculation of the correction chip unit, the accurate distortion rate distribution parameters are fed back according to the actual effect of the corrected image, and therefore the better distortion rate correction effect is obtained.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical scope of the present invention by equivalent replacement or change according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for correcting imaging distortion of a CMOS image sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) inputting parameter information of an image sensor and a lens in a standard digital core, performing format processing on the input parameter information to obtain standard parameter information, and storing the standard parameter information;
(2) using a standard digital machine core to collect images, and analyzing the distortion rate of the collected images to obtain corresponding distortion parameters;
(3) reading matched standard parameter information by using the digital movement, corresponding the standard parameter information with a distortion parameter, and realizing physical correction of the digital movement according to the standard parameter information and the distortion parameter of the digital movement;
(4) and carrying out image distortion correction on an image obtained by imaging of the CMOS image sensor.
2. The method for correcting imaging distortion of the CMOS image sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distortion correction system comprises a digital core unit, a correction chip unit and a display unit, wherein the digital core unit comprises a lens, the COMS image sensor and a digital-to-analog converter, the correction chip unit comprises a correction chip, a processor and a memory, and the display unit comprises a display screen and a communication circuit.
3. The method for correcting imaging distortion of a CMOS image sensor as claimed in claim 2, wherein the correction chip is used for reading image data obtained by imaging of the CMOS image sensor and performing correction processing on the image data, the correction processing method is to establish a distortion correction model, and the correction model built in the correction chip comprises radial distortion processing and tangential distortion processing.
4. The method for correcting imaging distortion of a CMOS image sensor according to claim 1, wherein the algorithm model comprises the following steps:
(1) acquiring the parameter specification of a digital movement and an original image, measuring and calculating the image size of the original image, uniformly dividing the original image into a plurality of grids as sample data, and performing normalization processing on the sample data;
(2) constructing a correction model of the distorted image from the original image, setting a two-dimensional plane of the distorted image, and two-dimensional distortionChanging the center point P (x) of the image0，y0) The coordinate of any point in the image is P (x, y), and P (x, y) is relative to P (x)0，y0) Forming a pitch radius R;
(3) setting a correction radius r according to the pixel and the size of an original image, wherein the correction radius r forms an inscribed circle by taking P (x, y) as the center for carrying out square correction;
(4) setting a reasonable distortion rate D interval according to the parameter specification of different lenses, and obtaining a distortion rate D interval distribution parameter function G (a) according to the lens parameter specification1，a2，a3，a4，a5，a6) The distortion rate D is higher closer to the edge of the image, and thus the distortion rate D is higher as the pitch radius R is larger, a is obtained1，a2，a3，a4，a5，a6Distribution of influence of each parameter on distortion;
(5) a chip correction unit established based on the dynamic variable correction radius R obtains the distortion rate distribution parameter function of the lens, wherein the distortion rate D is R G (a)1，a2，a3，a4，a5，a6) To achieve physical correction based on lens parameters;
(6) introducing raw image data obtained by an image sensor into a distortion correction model, and correcting radial distortion and tangential distortion of the raw image, wherein the correction function model is A (k1, k2, p1, p2, k3),
radial distortion algorithm model formula:
x0＝x(1+k1r2+k2r4+k3r6)，y0＝y(1+k1r2+k2r4+k3r6)，
tangential distortion algorithm model formula:
x0＝x+[2p1y+p2(r2+2x2)]，y0＝y+[2p2x+p1(r2+2y2)]；
(7) inputting the distorted image data into a distortion correction model for correction and output to obtain a corrected image, wherein the image is corrected by a physical correction model and an algorithm model;
where (x0, y0) is the position of the pixel point on the distorted original image; (x, y) is the position of the pixel point on the output image after correction; a is1，a2，a3，a4，a5，a6Corresponding to image sensor size, total pixels, optical zoom, aperture, and field angle, respectively.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein in step (1), the sample data of the grid cells are set according to image definition and pixels, and the normalization processing is performed according to the distortion requirement, wherein the side length of the grid cells is l.
6. The method for correcting imaging distortion of a CMOS image sensor as claimed in claim 4, wherein said step (2) has a pitch radius R ═ P (x, y) -P (x0, y0), and the distortion rate distribution value increases with the value of R/l.
7. The method for correcting imaging distortion of a CMOS image sensor as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (3), a reasonable correction radius r is set according to the parameter specification of the lens, and when the correction radius r is too small, a large system operation resource is required to be occupied, and the effect of correcting the image distortion is not obvious when the correction radius r is too large.
8. The CMOS image sensor imaging distortion correction method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step (4) sets a reasonable distortion D interval, sets a higher distortion correction parameter at the edge of the distorted image to improve the correction effect, sets a lower distortion correction parameter at the middle part of the distorted image to keep the original state of the image and save the operation resources.
9. The method according to claim 4, wherein the chip correction unit in step (5) corrects the optimal distortion rate distribution parameter of the lens based on the dynamic variable correction radius r, memorizes and stores the parameter, automatically identifies the lens parameter, and then retrieves the stored parameter to quickly correct the distorted image.
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