CN114429044B - Method for establishing fracture-cavity reservoir conductivity model and application - Google Patents

Method for establishing fracture-cavity reservoir conductivity model and application Download PDF

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CN114429044B
CN114429044B CN202210069967.XA CN202210069967A CN114429044B CN 114429044 B CN114429044 B CN 114429044B CN 202210069967 A CN202210069967 A CN 202210069967A CN 114429044 B CN114429044 B CN 114429044B
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reservoir
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cavity
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CN114429044A (en
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王亮
田杰
司马立强
刘红岐
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Chengdu Univeristy of Technology
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for establishing a fracture-cavity reservoir conductivity model and application thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step 1, theoretical deduction is carried out, and the karst cave reservoir conductivity expression is as follows:in sigma bv Sigma, the conductivity of karst cave reservoirs m For reservoir matrix conductivity, σ v For karst cave conductivity, phi v Is the porosity of karst cave, phi f Is crack porosity; and 2, in the fracture-cavity type reservoir, the inclination angle of the fracture is represented by theta, when the fracture is a horizontal fracture, the theta=0 DEG, the transverse conductivity of the fracture-cavity type reservoir is regarded as the conductivity of the karst cavity reservoir to be connected in parallel with the conductivity of the fracture, and the vertical conductivity of the fracture-cavity type reservoir is regarded as the conductivity of the karst cavity reservoir to be connected in series with the conductivity of the fracture. Compared with the prior art, the dual lateral conductivity model of the fracture-cavity type reservoir is provided in theory, and compared with the conductivity models of single pore system reservoirs of karst-cavity type reservoirs and fractured-cavity type reservoirs, the method has wider adaptability.

Description

Method for establishing fracture-cavity reservoir conductivity model and application
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of petroleum exploration reservoir evaluation, and particularly relates to a dual lateral influence rule of a fracture-cavity reservoir.
Background
In the petroleum industry, a fracture-cavity reservoir is an important point of exploration and development, and the resistivity response characteristics of the fracture-cavity reservoir directly influence the division of the reservoir, the identification of lithology and the evaluation of oil and gas saturation.
Li Shanjun et al (1996) established a fracture reservoir resistivity model [1] Resistivity characteristics of a fractured reservoir were analyzed, but the model considered karst cave development; deng Shaogui et al (2015,2019) analyzed the resistivity response of fractured reservoirs using three-dimensional finite element methods [2-3] The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Fan Yiren et al (2016) analyzed the resistivity response of single cave reservoirs based on three-dimensional finite elements [4] . At present, the resistivity response research of the reservoir mainly comprises a fracture type reservoir and a single cave type reservoir, and the resistivity response theoretical research under the combined condition of the fracture and the cave is not seen. In the field of fracture-cavity type reservoir electric response rule research, a conductivity model which simultaneously considers cracks, karst cavities and dip angles of the cracks needs to be established. Based on the research of the fracture-cavity reservoir conductivity model, technical support can be laid for reservoir response and division and water saturation evaluation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a method for establishing a fracture-cavity reservoir conductivity model and application thereof.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for establishing a fracture-cavity reservoir conductivity model comprises the following steps of
Step 1, through theoretical deduction, a karst cave reservoir conductivity expression based on a Maxwell-Garnett mixing rule is given:
in which the conductivity of the karst cave reservoir is sigma bv Reservoir matrix conductivity is σ m The conductivity of karst cave is sigma v The karst cave has a porosity of phi v Crack porosity of phi f
In the fracture-cavity type reservoir, θ represents a fracture dip angle, when the fracture is a horizontal fracture (θ=0°), the lateral conductivity of the fracture-cavity type reservoir is regarded as the conductivity of the karst cavity reservoir and the conductivity of the fracture are connected in parallel, and the vertical conductivity of the fracture-cavity type reservoir is regarded as the conductivity of the karst cavity reservoir and the conductivity of the fracture are connected in series, and the fracture dip angle is obtained by ohm law and a volume physical model:
in sigma h 、σ n Lateral and vertical conductivity, σ, of fracture-cavity reservoirs, respectively f Is fracture conductivity. When the crack inclination angle is theta, sigma of the inclined crack plane h (θ)、σ n (θ) expression:
apparent conductivity calculation expression of an inclined stratum in a transverse isotropy longitudinal anisotropic medium, regarding the inclined stratum as a fracture, and the resistivity of the fracture reservoir is expressed as:
in sigma a Is the conductivity of a fracture type reservoir, lambda is the anisotropy coefficient, under the logging condition of a vertical well,
θ is the fracture dip.
When θ=0°, σ a =σ h The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When θ=90°,
assuming shallow lateral detection depth is very shallow, deep lateral strong focus, a deep shallow lateral conductivity expression is given:
in sigma LLD 、σ LLS Is the lateral conductivity of the depth. Substituting the karst cave reservoir conductivity formula (1) deduced by the mixing rule into formula (2), then carrying out formula (3) and finally carrying out formula (5), and obtaining the double lateral conductivity expression of the karst cave reservoir:
in sigma LLD 、σ LLS Respectively the lateral conductivity of depth and sigma ν For karst cave conductivity, sigma f For crack conductivity, sigma m For the conductivity of stratum matrix, phi ν 、Φ f The porosity of the karst cave and the porosity of the crack are respectively, and theta is the inclination angle of the crack.
An application of establishing a fracture-cavity reservoir conductivity model, comprising the following steps:
step 1, assuming that the mud invades the stratum infinitely, filling the slurry into the karst cave and the crack, and recording the slurryResistivity sigma mf I.e. sigma ν =σ f =σ mf
Step 2. Assuming formation matrix conductivity R m Mud resistivity R mud And (3) carrying out the rule analysis of the influence of the fracture-cavity type reservoir karst cave and the fracture on the resistivity through the fracture-cavity type reservoir conductivity expression (6).
Assuming formation matrix conductivity R m 10000 Ω & m, mud resistivity R mud Is 0.05Ω & m, phi f 0.0001, draw Φ v The deep and shallow resistivity at 0,0.1,0.4,0.8,0.9 respectively, wherein the abscissa is the crack dip angle, the unit is the angle, the ordinate is the resistivity, the unit is omega-m, different marked solid lines represent deep lateral resistivity at different karst cave porosities, and different marked dashed lines represent shallow lateral resistivity at different karst cave porosities; then: (1) When the crack dip angle is less than 50 degrees, the lateral resistivity of the depth is a negative difference; (2) When the crack dip angle is larger than 60 degrees, the lateral resistivity of the depth is positive difference; (3) The karst cave develops without changing the influence of the inclination angle of the crack on the positive and negative differences of the depth and the lateral directions.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the prior art, the method gives a dual lateral conductivity model of the fracture-cavity reservoir in theory, and makes up for the shortage of the theoretical research work of the electrical law of the fracture-cavity reservoir. Conductivity models for single pore system reservoirs compared to karst cave and fractured reservoirs. The method has wider applicability and can be simultaneously used for researching the electrical rule of the fracture-type reservoir, the karst cave-type reservoir and the fracture-cave-type reservoir.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the dual lateral response rules of fracture-cave reservoirs at different cave porosities and fracture dip angles (R LLD-0 、R LLD-0.1 Respectively representing that the karst cave porosities are 0 and 0.1, and the like;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart for creating a fracture-cave reservoir conductivity model.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
1-2, a method for establishing a fracture-cavity reservoir conductivity model according to the present invention comprises
The invention is based on Maxwell-Garnett mixing rule and (Philipe and Roger) [2] And deducing a fracture-cavity reservoir conductivity model.
Tian et al (2022) [4] Through strict theoretical deduction, a karst reservoir conductivity expression based on Maxwell-Garnett mixing rules is given:
in which the conductivity of the karst cave reservoir is sigma bv Reservoir matrix conductivity is σ m The conductivity of karst cave is sigma v The karst cave has a porosity of phi v Crack porosity of phi f
In a fracture-cavity type reservoir, θ represents a fracture dip angle, when the fracture is a horizontal fracture (θ=0°), the lateral conductivity of the fracture-cavity type reservoir can be regarded as the parallel connection of the conductivity of the karst cavity reservoir and the conductivity of the fracture, and the vertical conductivity of the fracture-cavity type reservoir can be regarded as the series connection of the conductivity of the karst cavity reservoir and the conductivity of the fracture, which is known from ohm's law and a volume physical model:
in sigma h 、σ n Transverse and vertical electric energy of seam-hole type reservoirConductivity, sigma f Is fracture conductivity. Philippe and Roger (1990) give σ of the inclined fracture plane when the fracture dip angle is θ h (θ)、σ n Expression of (θ) [5]
Moran and Gianzero (1979) give the apparent conductivity calculation expression for a dipping formation in a transversely isotropic longitudinally anisotropic medium [6] Considering an inclined formation as a fracture, the resistivity of a fractured reservoir can be expressed as:
in sigma a And in the vertical well logging condition, theta is the dip angle of the fracture.
When θ=0°, σ a =σ h The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When θ=90°,based on Moran and Gianzero ideas, philippe and Roger (1990) assume shallow lateral detection depths are very shallow, deep lateral strong focus, given a deep shallow lateral conductivity expression:
in sigma LLD 、σ LLS Is the lateral conductivity of the depth. Substituting the karst cave reservoir conductivity formula (1) deduced by the Maxwell-Garnett mixing rule into formula (2), then carrying out formula (3), and finally carrying out formula (5), thereby obtaining a double lateral conductivity expression of the karst cave reservoir:
in sigma LLD 、σ LLS Respectively the lateral conductivity of depth and sigma ν For karst cave conductivity, sigma f For crack conductivity, sigma m For the conductivity of stratum matrix, phi ν 、Φ f The porosity of the karst cave and the porosity of the crack are respectively, and theta is the inclination angle of the crack. The formula is the fracture-cavity type reservoir conductivity model provided by the invention.
Examples
The following is an example of the lateral response of the depth of a fracture-cavity reservoir given by using the conductivity model of the fracture-cavity reservoir.
Assuming that the mud invades the stratum infinitely, at the moment, the insides of the karst cave and the cracks are filled with the mud, and the mud resistivity is sigma mf I.e. sigma ν =σ f =σ mf . Assuming formation matrix conductivity R m 10000 Ω & m, mud resistivity R mud And the electric conductivity of the fracture-cavity type reservoir stratum is 0.05Ω & m, and the influence rule analysis of fracture on the resistivity by the fracture-cavity type reservoir stratum karst cavity and the fracture can be performed through the fracture-cavity type reservoir stratum electric conductivity expression (6). As shown in fig. 1, assume Φ f 0.0001, draw Φ v The deep and shallow resistivities of 0,0.1,0.4,0.8,0.9 are respectively shown in the graph, wherein the horizontal axis is the dip angle of the crack, the vertical axis is the resistivity, the unit is omega-m, the solid lines of different graphic symbols (square, triangle and star flower) represent the deep lateral resistivities of different karst cave porosities, the broken lines of different graphic symbols (square, triangle and star flower) represent the shallow lateral resistivities of different karst cave porosities, and the specific porosities are shown in the graph.
The plate shows that: (1) When the crack dip angle is less than 50 degrees, the lateral resistivity of the depth is a negative difference; (2) When the crack dip angle is larger than 60 degrees, the lateral resistivity of the depth is positive difference; (3) The karst cave develops without changing the influence of the inclination angle of the crack on the positive and negative differences of the depth and the lateral directions.
Reference is made to:
[1] li Shanjun, shore Wang Hanming, zhang Geng, 1996. Mathematical modeling of the dual lateral logging response of a fracture and quantitative interpretation of fracture porosity. Geophysical journal, 39 (6): 845-852.Https:// doi. Org/doi:10.3321/j. Issn:0001-5733.1996.06.014.
[2]Deng,S.G.,Li,L.,Li,Z.Q.,He,X.Q.,Fan,Y.R.,2015.Numerical simulation ofhigh-resolution azimuthal resistivity laterolog response in fractured reservoirs.Pet.Sci.(2),252-263.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12182-015-0024-y。
[3]Deng,S.G.,Yuan,X.,Wang,Y.,Liang,S.,Zhang,J.,2019.Numerical and experimental simulations ofmulti-array azimuthal laterolog sonde responses in fractured reservoirs.Geophysics,85(1),1-77.
https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0885.1。
[4].Tian.J.,Sima.L.Q.,Wang.L.,Liu.H.Q.,Li.C.,Yin.R.,Xie.B.,2022.A novel triple-porosity model for fractured-vuggy reservoirs based on Maxwell-Garnett mixing rule.J.Petrol.Sci.Eng.In press.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2021.109362
[5].Philippe,A.P.,Roger,N.A.,1990.In situmeasurements of electrical resistivity,formation anisotropy and tectonic context.In:SPWLA 31st Annual Logging Symposium,Lafayette,Louisiana,24-27。
[6].Moran,J.H.,Gianzero,S.,1979.Effects of formation anisotropy of resistivityloggingmeasurements,Geophysics,44,1266-86.
https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1441006。
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A method for establishing a fracture-cavity reservoir conductivity model, comprising
Step 1, theoretical deduction is carried out, and the karst cave reservoir conductivity expression is as follows:
in sigma bv Sigma, the conductivity of karst cave reservoirs m For reservoir matrix conductivity, σ v For karst cave conductivity, phi v Is the porosity of karst cave, phi f Is crack porosity;
in the fracture-cavity type reservoir, θ represents a fracture dip angle, when the fracture is a horizontal fracture, θ=0°, the lateral conductivity of the fracture-cavity type reservoir is regarded as the conductivity of the karst cavity reservoir and the conductivity of the fracture are connected in parallel, the vertical conductivity of the fracture-cavity type reservoir is regarded as the conductivity of the karst cavity reservoir and the conductivity of the fracture are connected in series, and the fracture dip angle is obtained by ohm law and a volume physical model:
in sigma h 、σ n The lateral conductivity and the vertical conductivity of the fracture-cavity reservoir are respectively shown as sigma f Is crack conductivity; when the crack inclination angle is theta, sigma of the inclined crack plane h (θ)、σ n (θ) expression:
apparent conductivity calculation expression of an inclined formation in a transversely isotropic, longitudinally anisotropic medium, the inclined formation being regarded as a fracture, the resistivity of the fracture reservoir being expressed as:
in sigma a Is fracture type reservoir electricityConductivity, lambda is an anisotropic coefficient, and theta is a fracture dip angle under the logging condition of a vertical well; when θ=0°, σ a =σ h The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When θ=90°,assuming shallow lateral detection depth is very shallow, deep lateral strong focus, a deep shallow lateral conductivity expression is given:
in sigma LLD Is deep lateral conductivity, sigma LLS Substituting the karst cave reservoir conductivity formula (1) deduced by the mixing rule into formula (2), then carrying out formula (3), and finally carrying out formula (5) for shallow lateral conductivity to obtain a double lateral conductivity expression of the karst cave reservoir:
in sigma LLD Is deep lateral conductivity, sigma LLS For shallow lateral conductivity, sigma v For karst cave conductivity, sigma f For crack conductivity, sigma m For the conductivity of stratum matrix, phi v 、Φ f The porosity of the karst cave and the porosity of the crack are respectively, theta is the inclination angle of the crack, sigma h 、σ n Lateral conductivity and vertical conductivity, sigma, respectively, of a fracture-cavity reservoir bv Is the conductivity of karst cave reservoirs.
2. A method of establishing a fracture-cavity reservoir conductivity model as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step 3, assuming that the slurry infinitely invades the stratum, filling the slurry into the karst cave and the crack, and recording that the slurry resistivity is sigma mf I.e. sigma v =σ f =σ mf
Step 4. Assuming formation matrix conductivityR m Mud resistivity R mud And (3) carrying out fracture-cavity reservoir karst cave and fracture influence rule analysis on resistivity through a fracture-cavity reservoir conductivity expression (6):
3. a method of modeling fracture-cavity reservoir conductivity as claimed in claim 2, wherein the formation matrix conductivity R is assumed m 10000 Ω & m, mud resistivity R mud Is 0.05Ω & m, phi f 0.0001, draw Φ v The electrical resistivity of the depth of the crack is 0,0.1,0.4,0.8,0.9, wherein the abscissa is the inclination angle of the crack, the unit is the angle, the ordinate is the electrical resistivity, the unit is omega-m, and the electrical resistivity of the lateral side of the depth is the negative difference when the inclination angle of the crack is less than 50 degrees; when the crack dip angle is larger than 60 degrees, the lateral resistivity of the depth is positive difference; the karst cave develops without changing the influence of the inclination angle of the crack on the positive and negative differences of the depth and the lateral directions.
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