CN114428376A - Optical waveguide system and augmented reality device - Google Patents

Optical waveguide system and augmented reality device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114428376A
CN114428376A CN202111636475.6A CN202111636475A CN114428376A CN 114428376 A CN114428376 A CN 114428376A CN 202111636475 A CN202111636475 A CN 202111636475A CN 114428376 A CN114428376 A CN 114428376A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
optical waveguide
layer
polarization modulation
grating layer
modulation layer
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Pending
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CN202111636475.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
赵恩
饶轶
吾晓
杨镇源
董立超
魏如东
程鑫
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Goertek Inc
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Goertek Inc
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Priority to CN202111636475.6A priority Critical patent/CN114428376A/en
Publication of CN114428376A publication Critical patent/CN114428376A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1814Diffraction gratings structurally combined with one or more further optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors, prisms or other diffraction gratings
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1833Diffraction gratings comprising birefringent materials
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1842Gratings for image generation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/105Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type having optical polarisation effects

Abstract

The invention provides an optical waveguide system and augmented reality equipment, wherein the optical waveguide system comprises a first optical waveguide, the first optical waveguide comprises a top surface and a bottom surface back to the top surface, a grating layer is arranged on the top surface, a first polarization modulation layer is arranged on the bottom surface, and the first polarization modulation layer is used for modulating the polarization state of light incident to the grating layer so as to adjust the diffraction efficiency of the grating layer. According to the invention, the first polarization modulation layer is arranged on the bottom surface of the first optical waveguide, so that the polarization state of light incident on the grating layer can be modulated, and different incident polarization states correspond to different diffraction efficiencies. The structure of the first polarization modulation layer is designed, so that light incident to the first polarization modulation layer is in a required polarization state after being reflected. The optical waveguide system has an advantage of being capable of improving diffraction efficiency.

Description

Optical waveguide system and augmented reality device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical waveguides, in particular to an optical waveguide system and augmented reality equipment.
Background
Recently, with the development of an information-oriented society, the use of optical waveguide systems that display visual information as if it were Reality or a combination of visual information and real-world visual information is increasing, and these devices are implemented by means of Augmented Reality (AR). With the continuous change and improvement of the requirements of people, the diffraction rate of the existing optical waveguide system is low, and the requirements of people cannot be met.
Accordingly, there is a need for a new optical waveguide system and an augmented reality device that solves or at least alleviates the above technical drawbacks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide an optical waveguide system and augmented reality equipment, and aims to solve the technical problem that the diffraction efficiency of the optical waveguide system in the prior art is low.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an optical waveguide system comprising:
the first optical waveguide comprises a top surface and a bottom surface back to the top surface, the top surface is provided with a grating layer, the bottom surface is provided with a first polarization modulation layer, and the first polarization modulation layer is used for modulating the polarization state of light incident to the grating layer so as to adjust the diffraction efficiency of the grating layer.
In one embodiment, the first polarization modulation layer is sequentially divided into a plurality of regions having the same thickness along the extending direction of the first optical waveguide, and the directions of the optical axes of the plurality of regions are not completely the same.
In one embodiment, the first polarization modulation layer is sequentially divided into a plurality of regions with different thicknesses along the extending direction of the first optical waveguide, and the direction of the optical axis in each region is the same.
In one embodiment, the first polarization modulation layer is sequentially divided into a plurality of regions having different thicknesses along the extending direction of the first optical waveguide, and the directions of optical axes of the plurality of regions are not completely the same.
In an embodiment, the top surface is further provided with a second polarization modulation layer, and the second polarization modulation layer covers the area of the top surface except the grating layer.
In an embodiment, the optical waveguide system further includes a second optical waveguide connected to a side of the grating layer facing away from the first optical waveguide, and a third polarization modulation layer connected to a side of the second optical waveguide facing away from the grating layer.
In an embodiment, the optical waveguide system further includes a combination layer including a sub-grating layer and a sub-polarization modulation layer, which are arranged in a stacked manner, and the sub-polarization modulation layer is arranged on a side of the sub-grating layer facing away from the first optical waveguide.
In an embodiment, the thickness of the combination layer is the same as that of the grating layer, and the sub-grating layer is a turning grating layer or an outcoupling grating layer.
In an embodiment, the first polarization modulation layer includes a plurality of modulated liquid crystal molecules, an arrangement direction of the plurality of modulated liquid crystal molecules in a horizontal direction is uniform, and the arrangement direction of the plurality of modulated liquid crystal molecules in a vertical direction is periodically changed.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention further provides an augmented reality device, which includes the optical waveguide system described above.
In the above scheme, the optical waveguide system includes a first optical waveguide, where the first optical waveguide includes a top surface and a bottom surface opposite to the top surface, the top surface is provided with a grating layer, and the bottom surface is provided with a first polarization modulation layer, where the first polarization modulation layer is used to modulate a polarization state of light incident to the grating layer, so as to adjust diffraction efficiency of the grating layer. According to the scheme, the first polarization modulation layer is arranged on the bottom surface of the first optical waveguide, so that the polarization state of light incident on the grating layer can be modulated, and different incident polarization states correspond to different diffraction efficiencies. The structure of the first polarization modulation layer is designed, so that light incident to the first polarization modulation layer is in a required polarization state after being reflected. The invention has the advantage of improving diffraction efficiency and can ensure higher transmittance and uniformity.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a grating structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating grating polarization selectivity according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical waveguide system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a first polarization modulation layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another structure of a first polarization modulation layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a top view of an optical waveguide system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic side view of an optical waveguide system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a further configuration of an optical waveguide system (including a second optical waveguide and a third polarization modulation layer) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of yet another configuration of an optical waveguide system (including a second optical waveguide and a third polarization modulation layer) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a structure of an optical waveguide system including a combination of layers in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of another embodiment of an optical waveguide system including a combination of layers;
FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic view of another structure of the first polarization modulation layer according to the embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numbers indicate:
1. a first optical waveguide; 11. a top surface; 12. a bottom surface; 2. a grating layer; 21. grating liquid crystal molecules; 3. a first polarization modulation layer; 31. an optical axis; 32. modulating liquid crystal molecules; 4. a second polarization modulation layer; 5. a third polarization modulation layer; 6. a second optical waveguide; 7. a combination layer; 71. a sub-grating layer; 72. a sub-polarization modulation layer.
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as the upper and lower … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement, etc. of the components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In addition, the descriptions related to "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only for descriptive purposes and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.
Moreover, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to be able to be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 3, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an optical waveguide system comprising:
the first optical waveguide 1, the first optical waveguide 1 includes a top surface 11 and a bottom surface 12 opposite to the top surface 11, the top surface 11 is provided with a grating layer 2, the bottom surface 12 is provided with a first polarization modulation layer 3, and the first polarization modulation layer 3 is used for modulating a polarization state of light incident to the grating layer 2 to adjust diffraction efficiency of the grating layer 2.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, it should be noted that the grating layer 2 may be a liquid crystal bulk grating layer 2, and the liquid crystal bulk grating layer 2 has better polarization. The rod-like structure in fig. 1 represents the grating liquid crystal molecules 21 in the lc grating layer 2, and the overall structure of the lc grating layer 2 is obtained by regular rotation of the grating liquid crystal molecules 21. The grating liquid crystal molecules 21 form a period every 180 degrees of rotation, and the black lines in the figure represent the grating layer stripes and the grating layer period. The grating liquid crystal molecules 21 may rotate clockwise or counterclockwise from top to bottom, and certainly, the grating liquid crystal molecules 21 may rotate clockwise or counterclockwise from left to right, and the different rotation directions determine different tilt directions of the grating layer 2 stripes. Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is used to explain polarization selectivity of the grating layer 2, and the polarization refers to that the grating layer 2 selectively diffracts only one polarized light and transmits the other polarized light. As shown in the left diagram of fig. 2, when an unpolarized light beam is irradiated onto the lc grating layer 2, it reflects and diffracts only the right-handed light, and transmits the left-handed light, while maintaining the polarization state of the diffracted light. Referring to the right diagram of fig. 2, if the incident light is right-handed polarized light, the liquid crystal bulk grating layer may substantially completely reflect and diffract the right-handed polarized light. The diffraction efficiency of the grating layer 2 will also vary depending on the polarization state of the incident light, for example, when the liquid crystal grating layer responds to the dextrorotation and does not respond to the levorotation, the diffraction efficiency will gradually change from 100% to 0% when the incident light changes from the dextrorotation to the levorotation.
In the above embodiment, by providing the first polarization modulation layer 3 on the bottom surface 12 of the first optical waveguide 1, it is possible to modulate the polarization state of light incident on the grating layer 2 so that different incident polarization states correspond to different diffraction efficiencies. Referring to fig. 3, the polarization state of light incident on the lc grating layer 2 from left to right changes from a left-handed elliptical polarization state to a right-handed circular polarization state, the diffraction efficiency increases in turn from 33% to 50% to 100%, and the light intensities of the three-time outcoupled light are substantially the same, i.e., the expansion of the exit pupil is realized and the diffraction efficiency is improved. The structure of the first polarization modulation layer 3 is designed, so that light incident on the first polarization modulation layer 3 can be in a required polarization state after being reflected. As shown in fig. 3, the light first incident on the polarization modulation layer is left-handed circularly polarized light, and becomes a required left-handed elliptically polarized light after passing through the first polarization modulation layer 3, so that the diffraction efficiency of the grating layer 2 is 33%, that is, a value required by us, when the light first enters the grating layer 2. The embodiment has the advantage of improving the diffraction efficiency, and meanwhile, the first polarization modulation layer 3 can provide accurate polarization regulation, the diffraction efficiency of the grating does not need to be changed, and the intensity distribution of the external light passing through the grating area is unchanged, so that the efficiency and the uniformity of the optical waveguide can be ensured to achieve a better effect.
Referring to fig. 4, in an embodiment, the first polarization modulation layer 3 is sequentially divided into a plurality of regions having the same thickness along the extending direction of the first optical waveguide 1, and the directions of the optical axes 31 in the plurality of regions are not completely the same. I.e. the first polarization modulation layer 3 is a structure of equal thickness in which the optical axes 31 of different areas are varied. Thus, different regions may provide the different polarization modulation effects described above.
Referring to fig. 5, in another embodiment, the first polarization modulation layer 3 is sequentially divided into a plurality of regions with different thicknesses along the extending direction of the first optical waveguide 1, and the direction of the optical axis 31 in each region is the same. This first polarization modulation layer 3 is a structure with a common optical axis 31, wherein the thickness of different areas is varied, and thus different areas may provide different polarization modulation effects.
As an extended embodiment of the above embodiment, the first polarization modulation layer 3 is sequentially divided into a plurality of regions having different thicknesses along the extending direction of the first optical waveguide 1, and the directions of the optical axes 31 in the plurality of regions are not all the same. I.e. the thickness of the first polarization modulation layer 3 is varied and the optical axis 31 of the different regions is also varied, and thus the different regions may provide the different polarization modulation effects described above.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, in an embodiment, the top surface 11 is further provided with a second polarization modulation layer 4, and the second polarization modulation layer 4 covers the area of the top surface 11 except the grating layer 2. As shown in fig. 6, the area hatched by oblique lines is the area of the grating layer 2, and the other areas are the areas of the second polarization modulation layer 4, that is, the second polarization modulation layer 4 is spliced with the grating layer 2 to cover the top surface 11 of the first optical waveguide 1. The grating layer 2 area is mainly divided into an in-coupling area, a turning couple area and an out-coupling area. In fig. 7, the grating layer 2 is distributed on one side, the polarization modulation layers (including the first polarization modulation layer 3 and the second polarization modulation layer 4) are distributed on both sides of the first optical waveguide 1, the first polarization modulation layer 3 covers the whole bottom surface 12 of the first optical waveguide 1, and the second polarization modulation layer 4 covers the whole top surface 11 of the first optical waveguide 1 except for the grating layer 2. Of course, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that one configuration is shown here only schematically, and other reasonable configurations are within the scope of the present invention, such as only the first polarization modulation layer 3 is distributed only on the bottom surface 12 of the first optical waveguide 1, and the top surface 11 of the first optical waveguide 1 is free of the second polarization modulation layer 4. In the embodiment, the first polarization modulation layer 3, the second polarization modulation layer 4 and the grating layer 2 are jointly applied to form a basically complete optical waveguide system, so that the diffraction efficiency of light is improved.
Referring to fig. 8 and 9, in an embodiment, the optical waveguide system further includes a second optical waveguide 6 and a third polarization modulation layer 5, the second optical waveguide 6 is connected to a side of the grating layer 2 facing away from the first optical waveguide 1, and the third polarization modulation layer 5 is connected to a side of the second optical waveguide 6 facing away from the grating layer 2. In this embodiment, the first optical waveguide 1 and the second optical waveguide 6 are packaged and clamped in the middle grating layer 2 area, and the first polarization modulation layer 3 and the third polarization modulation layer 5 are respectively formed on two outer sides of the two optical waveguides. Of course, the intermediate clamping area may be all grating layer 2 areas as shown in fig. 7, or may include grating layer 2 and second polarization modulation layer 4 as shown in fig. 9, that is, filling second polarization modulation layer 4 except for grating layer 2 area. The advantage of this embodiment is that the first polarization modulation layer 3 and the third polarization modulation layer 5 can provide more accurate polarization control, resulting in better efficiency and uniformity of the optical waveguide.
Referring to fig. 10-12, in an embodiment, the optical waveguide system further includes a combined layer 7, where the combined layer 7 includes a sub-grating layer 71 and a sub-polarization modulation layer 72, which are stacked, and the sub-polarization modulation layer 72 is disposed on a side of the sub-grating layer 71 facing away from the first optical waveguide 1. Wherein, the thickness of the sub-grating layer 71 is smaller than that of the grating layer 2, and a sub-polarization modulation layer 72 is further formed on the sub-grating layer 71. It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 10, the top surface 11 of the first optical waveguide 1 may also include the combination layer 7, the grating layer 2, and the second polarization modulation layer 4, and as shown in fig. 11, the top surface 11 of the first optical waveguide 1 may also include only the grating layer 2 and the second polarization modulation layer 4. The grating layer 2 covers the top surface 11 of the whole first optical waveguide 1, the coupling grating layer of the grating layer 2 is set to be of a step type with unequal thickness, and the thinner part of the coupling grating layer covers the second polarization modulation layer 4, so that the thicker part of the grating layer 2 is flush with the upper surface of the second polarization modulation layer 4. Compared with the technical scheme of only adjusting the polarization state of light, the embodiment can simultaneously modulate the polarization state of light and the maximum diffraction efficiency of the liquid crystal grating, and the modulation of the maximum diffraction efficiency of the liquid crystal grating is added, so that the optimization of a large-field-of-view system is relatively easier to realize.
With reference to fig. 10 and 12, in an embodiment, the thickness of the combination layer 7 is the same as that of the grating layer 2, and the combination layer 7, the grating layer 2 and the second polarization modulation layer 4 have the same thickness to ensure that the upper surface is kept flat. The sub-grating layer 71 is a turning grating layer or a coupling grating layer, which can ensure uniformity of the pupil expansion.
Referring to fig. 13, in an embodiment, the first polarization modulation layer 3 includes a plurality of modulated liquid crystal molecules 32, the arrangement direction of the modulated liquid crystal molecules 32 in the horizontal direction is the same, and the arrangement direction of the modulated liquid crystal molecules 32 in the vertical direction is periodically changed. Unlike pure anisotropic materials, such polarization modulation layers are formed by regular arrangement of liquid crystals, like a liquid crystal grating, with a large difference that such polarization modulation layers do not have periodic arrangement in the horizontal direction, and only have periodic variation in the vertical direction, and can reflect light incident thereon with extremely high efficiency while maintaining the polarization state of the reflected light to be a circular polarization state in accordance with the incident light. The polarization regulation and control mode can simplify the polarization state change of the light in the waveguide to a certain extent, so that the light in the waveguide always keeps in a circular polarization state for propagation. Of course, the structures of the first polarization modulation layer 3, the second polarization modulation layer 4, and the third polarization modulation layer 5 described above may be the same.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention also provides an augmented reality device, which includes the optical waveguide system described above. Since the augmented reality device includes all the technical solutions of all the embodiments, at least all the beneficial effects brought by all the technical solutions are obtained, and no further description is given here.
The above description is only an alternative embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents made by the claims and the accompanying drawings, or directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An optical waveguide system, comprising:
the first optical waveguide comprises a top surface and a bottom surface back to the top surface, the top surface is provided with a grating layer, the bottom surface is provided with a first polarization modulation layer, and the first polarization modulation layer is used for modulating the polarization state of light incident to the grating layer so as to adjust the diffraction efficiency of the grating layer.
2. The optical waveguide system according to claim 1, wherein the first polarization modulation layer is sequentially divided into a plurality of regions having the same thickness along the extending direction of the first optical waveguide, and the directions of optical axes of the plurality of regions are not completely the same.
3. The optical waveguide system according to claim 1, wherein the first polarization modulation layer is sequentially divided into a plurality of regions having different thicknesses along an extending direction of the first optical waveguide, and a direction of an optical axis in each of the regions is the same.
4. The optical waveguide system according to claim 1, wherein the first polarization modulation layer is sequentially divided into a plurality of regions having different thicknesses along an extending direction of the first optical waveguide, and a direction of an optical axis is not completely the same in the plurality of regions.
5. The optical waveguide system of claim 1 wherein the top surface is further provided with a second polarization modulation layer covering an area of the top surface other than the grating layer.
6. The optical waveguide system of any of claims 1-5 further comprising a second optical waveguide connected to a side of the grating layer facing away from the first optical waveguide and a third polarization modulation layer connected to a side of the second optical waveguide facing away from the grating layer.
7. The optical waveguide system of any of claims 1-5 further comprising a combined layer comprising a sub-grating layer and a sub-polarization modulation layer arranged in a stack, the sub-polarization modulation layer being arranged on a side of the sub-grating layer facing away from the first optical waveguide.
8. The optical waveguide system of claim 7 wherein the thickness of the combination layer is the same as the thickness of the grating layer, and the sub-grating layer is a turning grating layer or a coupling grating layer.
9. The optical waveguide system of claim 1, wherein the first polarization modulation layer comprises a plurality of modulated liquid crystal molecules, the modulated liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a uniform direction in the lateral direction, and the modulated liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a periodic manner in the vertical direction.
10. An augmented reality device, characterized in that the augmented reality device comprises an optical waveguide system according to any one of claims 1-9.
CN202111636475.6A 2021-12-29 2021-12-29 Optical waveguide system and augmented reality device Pending CN114428376A (en)

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